下载文档原格式
深基坑支护新技术现状及展望随着城市化进程的加速和建筑技术的不断发展，深基坑支护技术成为了工程建设中不可或缺的重要组成部分。
本文将对深基坑支护新技术的现状及展望进行探讨，旨在强调技术创新在推动深基坑支护技术发展中的重要性。
在传统深基坑支护技术方面，如钢板桩、水泥搅拌桩、地下连续墙等，虽然具有一定的支护效果，但仍然存在诸多不足之处，例如施工效率低、成本高、对周围环境影响大等。
因此，开发新型深基坑支护技术势在必行。
近年来，新型深基坑支护技术层出不穷。
其中，盾构法、帷幕法、桩板法、逆作法等具有代表性的新技术得到了广泛应用。
这些新技术的共同点在于注重环境保护、提高施工效率、降低成本等方面，取得了显著的成果。
盾构法是一种应用于地铁、隧道等工程建设中的技术，通过盾构机进行挖掘作业，具有快速、高效、安全等特点。
在深基坑支护中，盾构法能够减小对周围环境的影响，提高施工效率。
然而，盾构法也存在着对地质条件要求较高、一次性投入成本较高等不足之处。
帷幕法是通过在地基周围设置连续的帷幕，以减小地下水渗流对基坑的影响。
该方法具有较好的支护效果，但施工工艺较为复杂，成本较高。
桩板法是一种通过打设桩板来提高地基承载力的支护方法。
该方法具有施工简便、适用范围广等优点，但成本较高，对地质条件要求较高。
逆作法是一种通过在地基表面施工完成后，再开挖基坑进行地下结构施工的方法。
该方法能够减小对周围环境的影响，提高施工效率，但需要较高的技术支持。
在实际应用中，这些新技术取得了不同的效果。
盾构法在地铁建设中应用广泛，逆作法适用于城市中心等对环境要求较高的地区，帷幕法则在大型水利工程中得到了广泛应用。
同时，这些新技术也存在着不同的不足之处，需要在实际应用中加以克服。
展望未来，深基坑支护新技术的发展将更加注重环境保护、施工效率和经济性等方面。
未来研究将进一步新型支护技术的开发和应用，以提高施工效率、降低成本和减小对周围环境的影响。
随着数值模拟技术的发展，计算机辅助设计将为深基坑支护提供更为精确和可靠的技术支持。
深基坑开挖施工技术创新深基坑开挖施工技术一直是建筑行业的重要课题之一。
随着城市建设的发展，越来越多的高层建筑、地下综合体和地铁等工程需要深基坑的开挖和支护。
本文将探讨当前深基坑开挖施工技术的发展状况以及对未来的展望。
一、深基坑开挖施工技术的发展历程自上世纪70年代后期，我国开始建造高层建筑，深基坑开挖施工技术逐渐引入。
而早期的开挖施工技术大多采用人工开挖为主，工期长、成本高且安全隐患较大。
到了90年代初，随着技术的进步，深基坑开挖机械化程度逐渐提高，人工开挖的比例逐渐减少，施工效率得到了明显提高。
二、国内外先进的深基坑开挖施工技术目前，国内外在深基坑开挖施工技术方面有许多创新和突破。
例如，在机械化开挖方面，大型挖掘机的应用使得开挖工作更加高效、快速。
同时，出现了多功能机械化开挖设备，可以进行同时进行开挖、支护和搬运工作，大大提高了施工效率。
此外，开挖施工技术方面的创新也包括无人化操作、远程监控等。
借助现代化的通信技术和传感器技术，可以实现对基坑开挖的全过程远程监控，确保施工的安全性和准确性。
三、深基坑开挖施工技术创新的挑战与机遇在深基坑开挖施工技术的创新中，仍然存在一些挑战。
首先，深基坑开挖面临的环境条件复杂，例如软土、高水位等，这些因素对施工技术的要求相对较高。
其次，施工中需要考虑到对周边建筑物和地下管线的影响，确保施工过程中的安全和稳定。
然而，深基坑开挖施工技术的创新也带来了巨大的机遇。
随着城市建设的加速推进，深基坑开挖和支护需求持续增长。
这不仅为施工企业提供了商机，也促使了技术创新的不断推进与迭代。
四、未来深基坑开挖施工技术的展望未来，随着科技的不断发展和创新，深基坑开挖施工技术将更加智能化、高效化。
一方面，人工智能、无人机等新技术的应用将使得施工过程更加自动化和智能化，提高施工效率和质量。
另一方面，新型材料和新技术的应用将增强支护结构的稳定性和耐久性。
总结深基坑开挖施工技术的创新是建筑行业发展的必然趋势。
深基坑工程施工中存在的问题及技术处理措施超改革开放30年以来，上海的现代化建设水平有了很大的提高，大量的建筑向着高层大型化发展。
众所周知，任何建筑都必须有一个坚实基础，对大型高层、超高层建筑来讲这尤其重要。
从基本特征来讲，深基坑工程蕴含了相对较高的风险性。
深基坑施工涉及到不同形式的基坑支撑围护体系、降排水方式、土方开挖方式、临边防护及止水帷幕措施等分项工程，对于上述各分项施工的要点都应当予以关注。
与此同时，深基坑施工还受到各种因素的干扰，如现场周边环境、水文地质及气候等。
深基坑施工最根本的宗旨就在于保障整个基坑应有的安全性，采用合理可行性的基坑设计与施工方案，消除深层次的基坑施工威胁。
标签：深基坑工程施工;存在的问题;技术处理措施为避免和减少因深基坑施工引起的安全事故，国家政府建设主管部门对深基坑施工制定了法律、法规及技术标准，以及适合地方的规定。
大量的建筑工程施工为基坑设计与施工积累了丰富的经验，但深基坑工程由于影响因素和特点各不相同，理论研究与实践的差距，深基坑工程仍然存在着一些问题。
1、建筑深基坑工程施工安全问题产生的原因1.1造成建筑工程深基坑施工安全的因素有很多方面，比如设计问题：①基坑的变形控制设计问题，基坑变形包括支护结构变形、坑底隆起和基坑周围建筑物位移;②基坑工程结构设计、土压力不正确计算问题;由于支撑结构设计不合理，在施工过程中存在缺陷，导致支撑体系稳定性降低，给深基坑施工带来安全隐患。
1.2比如基坑施工安全问题的原因：①不合理深基坑施工方案问题，施工方案依据地勘与设计文件、地下水位情况、施工条件和施工方法、周围环境、气候、施工周期等都有关系;施工方案通过专家认证，要与实际工况相符合问题。
②基坑开挖与支撑体系衔接问题，基坑工程主要集中在建筑物密集地区，一般采取支撑体系围护开挖;基坑施工中可以通过原设计方案结合专家判断的时空效应施工方案，使开挖与支撑体系的良好衔接既可以加快施工进度，又可以保证基坑的稳定性;但实际我们时空效应是依靠大量的工程实践经验总结，无法定量的表达不同施工参数对基坑变形的影响，大多数靠专家判断，数据难以掌握，须加强基坑变形监测控制。
深基坑支护施工方案(专家论证)一、背景介绍深基坑支护工程是城市土地利用再开发中常见的工程类型，针对地下深基坑施工过程中的地质、水文等情况，支护方案设计至关重要。
本文将就深基坑支护施工方案进行论证，以确保工程施工的安全与可靠性。
二、问题分析深基坑支护工程中存在的主要问题包括土质地质条件、基坑深度、沉降变形、支护结构稳定性和周边环境影响等。
针对这些问题，需制定合理的支护方案，以确保施工的可靠性。
三、支护方案选型1. 支护结构选型在支护结构的选型上，应根据基坑的深度、土质条件和周边环境等因素进行综合考虑。
可以采用钢支撑加混凝土梁、围护桩加梁柱等多种结构形式，以满足工程的需要。
2. 支护材料选择支护施工中所使用的材料也是至关重要的。
需要确保支撑材料的强度、稳定性和耐腐蚀性等性能符合工程要求，以保证支护结构的稳定性和持久性。
3. 监测系统建设在支护施工过程中，监测是至关重要的环节。
需要建立完善的监测系统，对基坑周边环境、支护结构变形等情况进行实时监测，及时调整施工方案，确保工程的安全性。
四、专家论证针对所提出的深基坑支护施工方案，应邀请相关专家进行论证。
专家应根据工程的实际情况，对支护方案的合理性、可行性进行评估，提出建设性意见，以确保工程的顺利进行。
五、总结与展望深基坑支护工程是一项复杂的工程类型，需要综合考虑地质、水文、结构等多方面因素。
通过专家论证，可以进一步完善支护施工方案，确保工程的顺利进行。
未来，我们将继续深入研究深基坑支护施工技术，不断提高工程质量和安全性。
以上便是关于深基坑支护施工方案的专家论证，希望能为相关工程师提供一定的参考和借鉴价值。
深基坑工程的监测及常见问题□陈冠一１深基坑监测的意义近20年来，我国各大中城市大型建筑和桥梁的建设如雨后春笋，伴随着这些工程的实施，深基坑工程的设计施工技术也取得了长足进步。
由于地下土体性质、荷载条件、施工环境的复杂性，对在施工过程中引发的土体性状、环境、邻近建筑物、地下设施变化的监测已成了工程建设必不可少的重要环节。
对于复杂的大中型工程或环境要求严格的项目，往往很难从以往的经验中得到借鉴，也难以从理论上找到定量分析、预测的方法，这就必定要依赖于施工过程中的现场监测。
①靠现场监测数据来了解基坑的设计强度，为今后降低工程成本指标提供设计依据；②可及时了解施工环境———地下土层、地下管线、地下设施、地面建筑在施工过程中所受的影响及影响程度；③可及时发现和预报险情的发生及险情的发展程度，为及时采取安全补救措施提供情报。
在深基坑施工过程中，确保工程安全、基坑稳定尤为重要，施工和监测同步进行，工程监测确保了安全施工。
通过对监测资料的研究和分析，不仅可以了解结构在施工过程中的外荷载和内力及变形特征，而且可以认识施工各阶段结构荷载的分布和传递过程，同时还可以了解基坑周围土体的沉降及深层土体的运动规律，对整个基坑工程具有重要的指导作用。
２深基坑监测的特点２．１时效性普通工程测量一般没有明显的时间效应。
基坑监测通常是配合降水和开挖过程，有鲜明的时间性。
测量结果是动态变化的，1d以前（甚至几小时以前）的测量结果都会失去直接的意义，因此深基坑施工中监测需随时进行，通常是1次/d，在测量对象变化快的关键时期，可能每天需进行数次。
基坑监测的时效性要求对应的方法和设备具有采集数据快、全天候工作的能力，甚至适应夜晚或大雾天气等严酷的环境条件。
２．２高精度普通工程测量中误差限值通常在数毫米，例如60m以下建筑物在测站上测定的高差中误差限值为2.5mm，而正常情况下基坑施工中的环境变形速率可能在0.1mm/d以下，要测到这样的变形精度，普通测量方法和仪器部不能胜任，因此基坑施工中的测量通常采用一些特殊的高精度仪器。
深基坑支护新技术现状及展望共3篇深基坑支护新技术现状及展望1随着经济、城市化的发展，越来越多的高层建筑、地下工程和地下交通隧道等大型土木工程的建设，对深基坑支护技术也提出了更高的要求。
近年来，随着科学技术的不断进步，深基坑支护技术的应用和发展也呈现出了新的趋势。
一、传统支护技术目前，深基坑支护的传统方式主要有钢支撑、钻孔桩、土钉墙、混凝土结构、地下连续墙等。
钢支撑是一种常用的支护方式，具有结构稳定且适应性强的优点，但是存在着安全隐患、腐蚀易、施工难度大等缺陷。
钻孔桩是通过深钻井、灌注土工硬化材料等方式支撑，具有设计自由度大和施工便利的特点，但是成本较高，施工难度大。
土钉墙是将支撑力传递到周围土壤而不必考虑砌体墙上的加载，但是其挖土量较大，对原地基影响较大，需要进行大量的土方作业。
混凝土结构的支护方式是以框架结构为主，其强度高且施工方便，但是其成本较高。
地下连续墙是一种较新的支护方式，其结构安全性较高且施工方便，但是其成本较大。
二、新型支护技术为了解决传统支护技术存在的问题，目前新型支护技术开始逐渐应用于深基坑支护领域。
1.超高强混凝土技术超高强混凝土技术具有抗震、防火、抗渗、抗氯离子侵蚀等方面的优势，同时具有施工周期短、成本低、施工方便等一系列优势。
由于超高强混凝土的强度远高于传统混凝土，可以在保证强度的同时减少深基坑施工过程中的支撑厚度，因此相比传统混凝土结构，其施工效率也得到了大幅提升。
2.复合支护技术复合支护技术是在传统支护技术的基础上，增加了增强材料，主要包括钢纤维、碳纤维、玻璃纤维等，以增加支撑结构的强度和稳定性。
与传统的单一支护材料不同，复合支护技术可以针对具体的施工环境和设计要求，选择不同的增强材料，以实现最佳的支撑效果。
此外，复合支护技术还具有施工便利、减少挖掘量、降低成本等优点。
3.预应力锚杆技术预应力锚杆技术是通过在锚杆中施加预应力，使锚杆产生自锁的效果，提高锚杆的钻进深度和承载力，同时降低对周边土体的影响。
斜技旧舭滁疆．浅论深基坑支护技术的现状和发展黄健伟(广东省化州市建筑工程总公司第三公司，广东化州525100)E}商要】深基坟．工程支护技术是特殊土质道路施工过程中常常遇见的工程，虽已在全国不同地区、不同的地质条件下取得了不少成功的经验，但仍存在一些问题需进一步研究或提高。
本文通过对深基境友护类型的总结。
提出了深基坑L程支护技术当前存在的一些问题，并对支护技术的发段趋势进4-i-7展望。
p漱]深基坑，工程；支护类型；施工；注意问题基坑工程是一个古老而具有时代特点的岩土工程课题，放坡开挖和简易木桩围护可以追溯到远古时代。
工程建设突飞猛进，高层建筑如雨后春笋睃迅速发展，促进了建靳斟学技术的进步和施工技术、施工机械和建筑材料的更新与发展。
为了保证建筑物的稳定性，建筑基础都必须满足地下埋深嵌固的要求。
建筑高度越高，其埋置深度也就越深，对基坑工程的要求越来越高。
1深基坑工程的主要内容1)岩土工程勘察与工程调查。
确定岩土参数与地下水参数：测定邻近建筑物、周围地下埋设物(管道、电缆、光缆等)、城市道路等工程设施的工作现状，并对其随地层位移的限值作出分析。
2)支护结构设计。
包括挡土墙围护结构(如连续墙、柱列式灌注桩挡墙)、支承体系(如内支撑、锚杆)以及土体加固等。
支护结构的设计必须与基坑工程的施工方案紧密结合，需要考虑的主要依据有：当地经验，土体和地下水状况，四周环境安全所允许的地层变形限值，可提供的施工设施与施工场地，工期与造价等。
3)基坑开挖与支护的施工。
包括土方工程、工程降水和工程的施工组织设计与实施。
41地层位移预测与周边工程保护。
地层位移既取决于土体和支护结构的性能与地下水的变化，也取决于施工工序和施工过程。
如预测的变形超过允许值，应修改支护结构设计与施工方案，必要时对周边的重要工程设施采取专门的保护或加固措施。
5)施工现场量测与监控。
根据监测的数据和信息，必要时进行反馈设计，用信息化来指导下一步的施工。
深基坑工程存在的问题和展望1Overview In recent years,with the development of economy and the progress of society, high-rise buildings and underground buildings have been found in big cities,And tunnel projects increased greatly,but at the same time in order to save the land,make full use of underground space,the deep excavation engineering is increasing.The deep foundation pit engineering is a comprehensive ancient and epoch-making characteristics of geotechnical engineering,because it involves not only the soil mechanical strength and deformation of typical problems it relates to the soil and supporting structure interaction problems.After the analysis is not difficult to see that the development of foundation pit engineering is a new type of support led to the emergence of new analysis methods,and follow the practice,understanding,practice, understanding the law and gradually matured.In1930s,the first in the study the foundation pit engineering Terzaghi and Peake,60s in Oslo and other places of excavation began to implement the construction monitoring,from70s onwards,many countries have formulated the guiding and supporting design of foundation pit excavation Design and construction of the regulations in China.In the early1980s began to appear a lot of excavation.Before80s,the domestic high-rise building is one of the few in the basement is a layer of deep foundation pit,but4m,often used in slope excavation can solve the problem.By80s,with a large number of high-rise building construction two,began to appear in basement excavation depth is generally around8m,a few more than10m.in90s,China'srapid development of high-rise buildings,but also around the construction of large underground municipal facilities,underground shopping malls,subway stations,leading to the basement layer gradually increased,the excavation depth of more than 10m meet the eye everywhere the excavation.2deep foundation pit engineering problemsDesign and construction of foundation pit engineering,both to ensure the whole support structure in the process of construction safety,control structure and surrounding soil deformation but also to ensure the surrounding environment(adjacent buildings and underground public facilities)safety.Therefore,how to ensure the excavation safety and economical and practical is feasible a very important and urgent issues in the construction of the modern city.Especially in twentieth Century,with the increasingly high requirements of foundation pit engineering,along with more and more problems.Some problems of deep foundation pit are discussed below:1.problems existing in construction stageThe quantity,scale and distribution of deep foundation pit increase rapidly,and the construction technology of deep foundation pit and monitoring technology in construction field should be improved as soon as possible.Moreover,the construction management is poor and the construction qualification is not strictly limited.Therefore,many problems should be paid attention to during construction.It is necessary for construction,owners, design and monitoring to cooperate with and cooperate with each other in the excavation of the foundation pit.1)improper treatment of ground water in foundation pit constructionIn the construction of foundation pit groundwater treatment is a difficult problem,due to differences in soil and groundwater,the excavation construction method is different, especially in the coastal areas with high water level or surface water rich area,medium treatment of groundwater in deep foundation pit engineering construction is the key to thesuccess of the project.The survey shows that over the past few years,our country deep foundation pit retaining support system failure or safety and environmental problems resulted from the failure of the part about the total project10%~15%,the soft soil with high water table areas up to20%,in some areas a higher failure rate.These accidents,some very serious consequences,not only to the country caused great the economic losses,but also caused unnecessary casualties,delay and affect the normal life of the residents around the negative effects,damage the image of construction enterprises.The cause of these accidents a The main reason is the improper treatment of groundwater.So,in the deep foundation pit engineering many failed,because a lot of groundwater in foundation pit construction drainage not dealt with drainage of the upper soil layer mainly solves the backwater and rain water drainage,including the precipitation of light well point,spray well point and deep well point nd subsidence may lower the underground water level that will cause adverse effects on the environment,especially in the deep well dewatering effect.2)the degree of information construction is not high Due to the geological conditions of deep excavation engineering is complicated,and the special characteristics of the force,the calculation in the design phase of the project value and the actual value in the construction process there are some differences.Therefore,the deep foundation pit safety depends not only on the reasonable design and construction,but also depends on throughout the engineering design and construction safety monitoring of the whole process.Safety monitoring is one of the important conditions to ensure the safety of deep foundation pit engineering,design,engineering and construction of foundation pit monitoring is also known as the three basic elements of the construction of deep foundation pit excavation engineering.In the event of an accident before more or less have warning, because the destruction of foundation pit supporting structure to experience a process from quantitative change to qualitative change,through the information construction can optimize design scheme,to ensure safe and reliable and reasonable excavation of foundation pit construction refers to the information.The collected information,after processing and prediction results by soil parameter inverse analysis obtained with the actual parameters of soil and using the model forecast again next construction stage of retaining structure and soil properties,and collecting relevant information the next construction stage. This repeated cycle,we collect the information,modify the design and guide construction constantly,will design a dynamic process.Through the analysis and forecast to guide the construction,through the construction of information feedback design,the design and construction of gradually approaching the actual and the exclusion of danger,to achieve the best project.This is a new promising technology,with low cost the effectiveness of the advantages,at present has been used in some engineering.There is still no universal stage is key to the following two reasons:(1)the lack of experts;(2)feedback slow.But with the development of computer technology and the progress of science and technology,these problems will be smoothly done or easily solved.3development prospect of deep foundation pit engineeringWith the increasing number and depth of foundation pit engineering,design and construction technology of foundation pit engineering is updated,emerging new retaining structure types and construction process so as to improve the design theory and calculation method of foundation pit engineering.2.1the selection of retaining structure of deep foundation pit should be more reasonableAs everyone knows,the foundation soil deep foundation pit type,groundwater level,and the surrounding environment are important factors to consider the selection of retaining structure of deep foundation pit supporting structure,if reasonable,can achieve the whole foundation and the safety of the building,but also can bring considerable economic and social benefits but if the type of support structure;unreasonable choice,not only will be critical for the foundation pit and the whole building safety,but also affect the surrounding environment,so an inevitable trend in the future development of deep foundation pit is how to make the selection of retaining structure is more reasonable.2.2,the extensive use of new technologiesThe popularization and popularization of new technology is also a development trend of deep foundation pit engineering1)artificial freezing soil deep foundation pit technology is the use of soft soil with high content,inserted into the freezing pipe in the field of soil around to the excavation in the formation of a certain structural strength of frozen soil through the wall,as the retaining structure of foundation pit construction.With the strength of soil improvement,good anti- seepage performance,strong adaptability,the environmental impact of small advantages and cost is lower than that of the conventional methods of the technology.To realize the optimization of the freezing pipe layout,temperature and thickness of the wall can be designed with this method.At present,many domestic application of conventional supporting method for the construction of the pit there have been varying degrees of instability of foundation pit collapse accidents,causing huge economic losses.The artificial freezing construction of freezing wall and has the structural strength and anti seepage effects,for digging a shallow,easy to conventional foundation pit supporting method, freezing method efficiency is not very significant;but for digging deep foundation pit depth more than10m,the cost is significantly lower than that of the conventional method,and the effect is very good,this method widely use at home and abroad,has not yet been adopted,should be vigorously promoted in China,to promote the development of foundation pit engineering in our country.2)SMW special construction methods In Japan in1970s was SMW(SoilMixingWall) method,and the strength of cement soil piles,the soil cement sealing performance and the core material(usually H steel,but also for concrete and other stiff material)retaining structure of high strength effectively formed an anti infiltration good,high stiffness, economy,has great economic potential.The research and application of domestic and some progress has been made in the development of.SMW method is mixing piles and underground continuous wall construction method based on the deep level up,compared with other types of retaining,with large thickness,high depth,excellent technical and economic indexes,environmental protection and other advantages,is widely used in many fields of underground building foundation pit,underground dam,underground disposal, environmental protection engineering.Although the SMW method of retaining wall has the advantages of simple structure,but the stress mechanism is quite complex,at present,the lack of understanding of the working mechanism of H steel and cement soil composite material on the formation of the SMW method,not from an objective perspective to analyze the working mechanism of the composite structure.How to consider the composite pilecomposite structure stiffness,In order to ensure the safety of the project based on the stiffness contribution of the maximum utilization of cement soil is a difficult problem in engineering design.I think that the SMW method should be studied in the following aspects: first,the interaction relationship between shaped steel and cement soil.Including steel and cement soil interface friction,sliding contact the cement soil and the failure mechanism of SMW composite structure damage evolution process and mechanism from the role of coordination to cement soil cracking.Secondly,the establishment of H type steel pull-out model more accord with the engineering practice,and taking into account the effect of water pressure in the lateral steel and cement soil surface resistance in the presence of bending deformation,analysis pull out the mechanism of H steel,and SMW method in deep foundation pit in soft soil area application technology research.3)information construction technologyDue to lack of technical personnel and other aspects of capital construction did not spread over every corner of the pit.But with the increase of deep excavation engineering accident, and serious losses caused by,so in the future should popularize informatization construction. The realization of informatization construction can be used to monitor deformation in foundation pit construction process by computer,it can provide the construction process and supporting system and environmental stress state and deformation data,and can timely feedback data,through data analysis,timely reinforcement,deformation control can achieve millimeter level,through the deformation control such millimeter,can guarantee the stability of foundation pit engineering,to play a real role in it.4Conclusion Deep excavation is a promising project,increasing the number of projects,provide a wide stage of complex engineering environment for the development of deep excavation of the deep foundation pit engineering.In this paper,in recent years the problems were discussed,and the deep foundation pit of the future development of look.In order to meet the needs of socialist modernization,believe in excavation engineering practice in the future,with the continuous development of supporting theory and supporting technology continues to progress,continue to promote the new technology,foundation pit engineering technology level will continue to improve and develop,deep foundation pit engineering will be more and more perfect.。
