安徽专升本英语常考语法之强调句、倒装句、反义疑问句.

完全倒装与部分倒装1. 完全倒装1) 完全倒装即把整个谓语放到主语之前（是整个谓语动词，而非助动词）。

例如：In came the teacher and the class began. （老师走了进来，然后开始上课。

）The teacher came in and the class began.2) there引出的完全倒装句：除了最常见的there be句型以外，there还可以接appear, exist, lie, remain, seem to be, stand等，一般都译成"有"的含义，构成完全倒装句。

例如：There appeared to be a man in black in the distance.（远处有个穿黑色衣服的人。

）=A man in black appear in the distance.3) 由地点和时间副词引出的完全倒装句：以地点副词here, there和时间副词now, then 开头，后面的动词是be, come, exist, fall, follow, go, lie, remain, seem, stand等，而主语又是名词时，构成完全倒装句。

例：Under that tree sits a beautiful girl.（那棵树下坐着一位美丽的姑娘。

）=A beautiful girl sits under that tree.例：Down jumped the burglar from the tenth floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him. =The burglar jump down from the tenth floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him.注意：1) 在here, there引出的倒装句中，当主语是普通名词时用完全倒装句，但当主语是代词时，就要用部分倒装句。

模块三：强调句，倒装句、反义疑问句一、强调句：（一）、一般结构It is /was / has been +强调中心+ that/who,,注：1、对于一个陈述句，可以将其中的任何一个部分最为强调中心改变为强调句，但谓语部分除外。

2、判断一个句子是否为强调句最好的方法就是将句中It is 和that/who 去掉看句子的意思是否通顺Eg. It was Tom who hurt himself yesterday.It was yesterday that Tom hurt himself.（二）、特殊结构1、否定式：It is /was / has been + not +强调中心+ that / who,,Eg. It wasn’t yesterday that Tom hurt himself.2、一般疑问句：Is /Was it + 强调中心+that/ who,,Eg. Was it yesterday that Tom hurt himself?3、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ Is /Was it +that/ who,,Eg. When was it that Tom hurt himself.4、当强调not,, until 句中的until 引导的时间状语从句时，应该把 not 一同前置：It is /was not until ,, that,,.5、感叹句：（1）、What a/an +名词+主语+谓语.(2)、How +形容词+主语+谓语.Eg. What a lovely girl she is!How industrious those students are!二、倒装句（一）、部分倒装：仅仅将助动词、情态动词或be动词置于主语之前。

以下几种情况用部分倒装：1、具有否定意义的词置于句首要倒装，如：Seldom hardly Little few rarely barely scarcely等2、在：so neither/nor 中表示“情况相同（不同）”时句子倒装（so肯定，neither/nor 否定）Eg. He doesn’t care for sweets, nor/neither do I.Tom can speak French , so can john. Tom会说法语，John 也会。

倒装,强调,反义疑问句,感叹句
倒装、强调、反义疑问句和感叹句在英语中都具有特定的作用和表达方式。

以下是每种句式的简要说明以及相应的例句：
1. 倒装句
作用：倒装句通常用于强调、疑问或特定的语境中，以改变句子的正常语序。

完全倒装例句（谓语+主语+其他）：Here comes the bus!（公交车来了！）
部分倒装例句（助动词+主语+谓语+其他）：Only in this way can you learn English well.（只有用这种方法你才能学好英语。

）
2. 强调句
作用：强调句用于突出句子中的特定信息，通常是使用“It was … that”结构。

例句：It was John who broke the window.（是约翰打破了窗户。

）3. 反义疑问句
作用：反义疑问句用于确认或询问信息，通常由陈述句和一个附加的简短疑问句组成。

例句：You are coming to the party, aren't you?（你要来参加聚会，不是吗？）
4. 感叹句
作用：感叹句用于表达强烈的情感，如惊讶、喜悦、愤怒等。

通常由what或how引导。

What引导的例句：What a beautiful day it is!（天气多好啊！）How引导的例句：How fast he runs!（他跑得多快啊！）。

特殊句式(强调句型、省略、反意疑问句及其他)强调强调句的基本句型是“＋被强调的部分＋＋其他部分”。

被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。

强调句型的使用特点主要有以下几个方面：()被强调的是状语或状语从句时，要用引导从句，而不能用，而且通常不能省略。

.我是在公园里遇到他的。

.国集团发射第一颗电话卫星是在年。

()被强调的是人时，引导词可用，也可用。

?是你把这个秘密泄露给她的吗？注意：当被强调的是主语时，代词要用主格形式。

.是我最先提出这个理论的。

()被强调的不管是单数还是复数名词，主句的动词都用单数或。

.是居里夫人和她的丈夫发现了镭。

.是解放军战士日夜保卫着我们的祖国。

()对时间状语从句进行强调时，其句型是：从句，即和在强调句中总是紧挨着的。

注意习惯上不用，而且从句不能用引导。

.直到做完最后一个手术白求恩才离开战地医院。

()强调句的疑问形式：?他什么时候决定选修这一课程的？’?他为什么不喜欢这本书？?第二次世界大战是在年爆发的吗？？打破窗户的是谁？?你昨天给我打电话是什么时候？？你要我干什么？()强调句型与＋时间＋从句：在上述句型中指时间，引导的是时间状语从句。

注意两种句型“时间”表达方式的不同。

.昨天晚上我半夜才回到家。

.昨天当我到达这儿时，已是半夜了。

省略()状语从句的省略①有些时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句主语一致或从句的主语为，而且从句的谓语动词又包含，就可以省略从句中的“主语＋”部分。

( ) ， .在北京时，我去游览了长城。

( ) ， .如果被叫到，你可以进来。

( ) .她站在门口好像在等人。

， .尽管冷，他仍穿着件衬衫。

②还有诸如： (如果如此)； (如果有)；(如果需要)； (如果有必要)。

， ( ) ， .如果有什么错误，就应当改正。

( ) .有可能的话明天来。

，( ’)， .明天早点起床，如果不的话，你会错过早班车。

，( )， .那时他可能不在家，如果这样给他留个字条吧。

专升本语法讲解一、名词、代词、冠词、数词（一）名词：1、名词分类：专有名词、普通名词（个体名词、集体名词、物质名词、抽象名词）个体名词(C)：lawyer, gun, country集体名词(C)：committee, family, staff, police, crew, cattle (*作为复数)cotton, tea, air, gold, sandwork, happiness, enthusiasm, information 类型的转换：物质名词——个体名词：glass—a glass, iron—an iron, copper—a copper, tin—a tin, paper—a paper抽象名词——个体名词：youth—a youth, relation—a relation, democracy—a democracy, beauty—a beauty 可数 vs. 不可数Do you care for tea Long Jing is a well-known tea.Do you like chocolate He bought us a box of chocolatesHave some coffee. Two coffees, please.●不可数名词的量A piece of news/ advice/ information/ work…A bottle of milk/ ink…2、名词的数：单数、复数特殊的名词复数：●以“O”结尾，不加es的: 末尾为两个元音字母；外来词：radios, bamboos, zoos; photos, pianos, memos, tobaccos●以“f/fe”结尾，直接加es的:Roofs, cliffs, proofs, hoofs, chiefs, gulfs,beliefs●不规则形式：英语中古的复数形式；外来词Man-men, tooth—teeth, child-children, ox-oxenPhenomenon-phenomena, thesis-theses, crisis-crises, criterion-criteria●单复数同形：Chinese, Japanese, aircraft, sheep, deer, fish, swine, means, series, species…●合成名词的复数：只把主体名词改为复数：looker(s)-on, runner(s)-on, son(s)-in-law由man/woman构成的合成名词，全部都变：man-servant—men-servants, woman doctor—women doctors●常以复数形式出现的：两部分构成的；以-ing结尾的；其他Scissors, trousers, glasses, pants…Belongings, surroundings, savings, findings…Statistics, overalls, congratulations, clothes, stairs●以-s为词尾，但做单数看的词:Phonetics, politics, physics3. 名词的格：’s; “of”4. 名词在句中的作用：作主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语等●主语:Complacency is the enemy of study.●表语：We are all servants of the people.●宾语：He knows five languages.●定语：Is it a colour TV●补语：We elected him our monitor.二、代词：人称代词、物主代词、自身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词、不定代词1、人称代词、物主代词、自身代词2、相互代词：one another, each otherWe can help one another (each other).3、指示代词：this, that, these, those●指前面提到的事物：that, those (避免重复)The best coal is that from Newcastle.These machines are better than those we turned out last year.●*如果名词是单数可数名词，用the one更多I’ll take the seat next to the one by the window.My room is lighter than the one next door.●指下面要说的事物：this, theseI want to know this: Has John been here●Such: 作定语、主语、表语We have has such a busy day.Such are the results.His illness was not such as to cause anxiety.4. 疑问代词：who, whom, whose, what, which5．关系代词：引起定语从句who, whom, whose, that, which, (such…) as6．连接代词：引起主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句（所有的疑问代词、what）7、不定代词：all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other another, some, any, no 及由some, any, no, every构成的合成代词。

强调句型It is / was + 被强调部分+ that / who + 其他成分1、It后面的动词be只有is或was两种形式，而没有will be, will have been, were等形式。

用is还是用was 要视原句的时态而定，that / who后面的动词是过去式，用was；是现在或将来式，用is，前后时态要呼应。

如：It was in the street that I saw her yesterday.It is tomorrow that I’m going to Beijing.It is tomorrow that she will meet her father at the airport.2、强调的主语、宾语表示人时，用that, who皆可。

如果是物，常用that。

此外，强调作主语的人称代词时，用主格代词；强调宾语时，用宾格代词。

被强调部分若是原句的主语，who / that之后的谓语动词在人称和数上应与之保持一致，如：It is I who am a student. It is he who is right.It was they who were right.3、强调时间、地点、原因、方式等状语时，不用when, where, why或how等，而用that，例如：It was this morning that I saw Li Ping in the street.It was in the park that I met Li Ping.It was because she was ill that they didn’t ask her to do the job.4、该句型不能用于强调让步状语从句、比较状语从句、以since, as引导的原因状语从句以及表语从句。

It was though it was raining that he went out. ×It is since everyone is here that let’s start our discussion. ×It is an engineer that his father is. ×It is than she that he is taller. ×5、如果原句是一般疑问句，应用“Is / Was it … that …？”形式；如果原句是特殊疑问句，应用“疑问词+ is / was it that …？”这一形式，例如：Was it at eight o’clock that you began to work?What is it that makes this kind of fish different from other fish?How was it that you missed such a fine lecture?6、如果原句含有not…until（短语或从句），变成强调结构时，应把not 和until 一并置于be之后，例如：It was not until I told her that she knew anything about it.It was not until his father came in that the boy began to prepare his lessons.It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.7、该句型不能强调谓语。

1. It作先行主语和先行宾语的一些句型She had said what it was necessary to say.2. 强调句型It is not who rules us that is important, but how he rules us.3. "All+抽象名词"或"抽象名词+itself"very+形容词He was all gentleness to her.4. 利用词汇重复表示强调A crime is a crime a crime.5. "somethingmuchof"和"nothinglittleof" "something of"相当于"to some extent",表示程度;在疑问句或条件从句中,则为"anything of ",可译为"有点","略微等;""译为毫无","全无";"much of"译为"大有","not much of"可译为"算不上","称不上","little of"可译为"几乎无";something like译为"有点像,略似;"They say that he had no university education, but he seems to be something of a scholar.6. 同格名词修饰是指of前后的两个名词都指同一个人或物,"of"以及它前面的名词构一个形容词短语,以修饰"of"后面的那个名词;如"her old sharper of a father",可译为："她那骗子般的父亲";Those pigs of girls eat so much.7. as…as…canmaybeIt is as plain as plain can be.8. "It is inwith…as inwith"It is in life as in a journey.9. "as good as…"相等于,就像,几乎如；实际上,其实,实在;The merchant as good as promised the orphan boy, that he would adopt him.10． "many as well…as"和"might as well …as" "many as well…as"可译为"与其……,不如……,更好","以这样做……为宜","如同……,也可以……"等等;"might as well …as"表示不可能的事,可译为"犹如……","可与……一样荒唐","与其那样不如这样的好"等等;One may as well not know a thing at all as know it imperfectly.11．"to make…of"的译法使……成为……,把……当作I will make a scientist of my son.12. too…+不定式",notnevertoo…+不定式","too…not+不定式She is too angry to speak.13. only not, all, but, never too …to do so "和"too ready apt + to do"结构中,不定式也没有否定意义,凡是"not","all" "but等字后+"too…to,"不定式都失去了否定意义,在"too readyapt +to do"结构中,不定式也没有否定意义;You know but too yell to hold your tongue.14. "no more …than…"句型A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man.15. "not so much…as"和"not so much as …"结构,"not so much…as"="not so much as …",其中as 有进可换用but rather,可译为："与其说是……毋须说是……";而"not so much as"="withoutnoteven,"可译为"甚至……还没有";The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.16. "Nothing is more…than"和"Nothing is so …as"结构,"Nothing is more…than"和"Nothing is so …as"都具有最高级比较的意思,"Nothing I"可换用"no","nobody","nowhere","little","few","hardly","scarcely"等等,可译为"没有……比……更为","像……再没有了","最……"等;Nothing is more precious than time.17. "cannot…too…"结构,"cannot…too…"意为"It is impossible to overdo…"或者,即"无论怎样……也不算过分";"not"可换用"hardly","scarcely"等,"too"可换用"enough", "sufficient"等You cannot be too careful.18. "否定+but "结构,在否定词后面的"but",具有"which not","who not","that not",等等否定意义,构成前后的双重否定;可译成"没有……不是"或"……都……"等Nothing is so bad but it might have been worse.19. "否定+until till"结构,在否定词"no","not","never","little","few","seldom"等的后边所接用的"until/till",多数情况下译为"直到……才……","要……才……",把否定译为肯定;Nobody knows what he can do till he has tried.20. "not so…but"和"not such a …but"结构,这两个结构和"否定+but"的结构差不多,不同之点是这两个结构中的"but"是含有"that…not"意味的连续词,表示程度;可译为"还没有……到不能做……的程度","并不是……不……","无论怎样……也不是不能……"等;He is not so sick but he can come to school.21. "疑问词+should…but "结构,这个结构表示过去的意外的事,意为"none…but",可译为"除了……还有谁会……","岂料","想不到……竟是……"等;Who should write it but himself22. "who knows but that…"和"who could should…but"结构,这个结构是反问形式,一般意译为"多半","亦未可知"等等,有时也可直译;Who knows but that he may go23. "祈使句+and"和"祈使句+or"结构,"祈使句+and"表示"If…you…","祈使名+or"表示"if…not…,you; Add love to a house and you have a home. Add righteousness to a city and you have a community. Add truth to a pile of red brick and you have a school.24. "名词+and"结构,在这个结构中,名词等于状语从句,或表示条件,或表示时间;A word, and he would lose his temper.25. "as…,so…"结构,这里的"so"的意思是"in the same way"也是如此;此结构表明两个概念在程度上和关系上相似;As rust eats iron, so care eats the heart.26. "if any"结构,"if any"和"if ever",意思是"果真有……","即使有……",表示加强语气;与此类似的还有："if anything"如有不同的话,如果稍有区别,"if a day"=at least,至少;There is little, if any, hope.27. "be it everneverso"和"let it be everneverso"结构,这里,"be it"中的"be"是古英语假设语气的遗留形式,现代英语则使用"let it be";"ever so"和"never so"都表示同一意思,都表示"very";Be it ever so humble let it be ever so humble, home is home.28. "the last+不定式"和"the last +定语从词"结构,这种结构中的"last"意思是"the least likely",用于否定性推论;可译为"最不大可能的","最不合适的",由原意的"最后一个……"变成"最不可能……的一个";He is the last man to accept a bride.29. "so…that…"句型,这个句型的意思是"如此……,以致于……",但在翻译成汉语时,许多情况下,并不是一定要译成"如此……以致于……",而是变通表达其含义;He ran so fast that nobody could catch him up.30. "more + than+原级形容词副词"结构,这是将不同性质加以比较,其中的"more"有"rather"的意思;It is more than probable that he will fall.31. "more than +动词"结构,这种结构表示动词的程度,可译为"异常","岂止","十二分地"等;This more than satisfied me.32. "good and …"的副词用法,译为"非常","很"等;类似还有"nice and …", "fine and …," "lovely and …", "bright and …", "rare and …", "big and …"等,均表示程度;The apples are good and ripe.33. "and that"结构,这个"and that"应译为"而且……",表示对它前面陈述部分的语气加强,"that"代表前面的整个陈述部分;Return to your work , and that at once.34. "at once…and"结构,这个结构译为"既……又……",起相关连接的作用,相当于"both…and…";The novel is at once pleasing and instructive.35. "in that…"结构,这个结构的意思是"在那一点上方面",可译为"因为";类似的结构还有"in this…"; The budget is unrealistic in that it disregards increased costs.36. "the name notwithstanding"结构,这个结构中"notwithstanding"是介词,这个介词可以置前,可以置后,比如也可写成："notwithstanding the name";起让步状语的作用;Some people think of the storage battery as a sort of condenser where electricity is stored.But this is an entirely wrong conception, the name notwithstanding.37. "Every…not"和"All…not"结构,"Every…not"表示"不见得每个……都是……"；"All…not"表示"不见得所有……都是……"的意思;Every man is not polite, and all are not born gentlemen.38. "may as well not…as"结构,此结构可译为"与其……不如不……";One may as well not know a thing at all as know it but imperfectly.39. "have only to …do"结构,此结构表示"只须消……就能……"的意思;We have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery made by Edison to see the significance of it.40. "not no …unless…"句型No increase in output can be expected unless a new assembly line is installed.41. "better…than…"句型Better my life should be ended by their hate, than that hated life should be prolonged to live without your love.42. "as it were"是一个非常常用的插入语,意思是"好象","可以说"等;Apiece of iron near a magnet, though apparently separate from it , feels, as it were, the threads of this attachment.43. 复杂结构,在下面例句中,由于anyone的定语从句过长,把谓语must realize提到定语从句之前; Though faith and confidence are surely more or lass foreign to my nature, I do not infrequently find myself looking to them to be able, diligent, candid, and even honest. Plainly enough, that is too large an order, as anyone must realize who reflects upon the manner in which they reach public office.44. "not…any more than…"为："不能……,正如不能……";One cannot learn to sketch and express himself graphically only by reading about it any more than one can learn to swim while standing by the pool.45. "By that as it may"是"Let it be that as it may"的省略形式,是由"be"引起的另外一种假设结构,意思是"虽然如此,尽管这样";It is said that the nerve poison is the more primitive of the two, that the blood poison is, so to speak, a new product from an improved formula. Be that as it may, the nerve poison does its business with man far more quickly than the blood poison.46. "if at all"是一个由"if"引起的主谓结构不完整的短句结为"即将……","即使……"等;I can see only with great difficulty, if at all.47. 由there引起的句型容易产生复杂的句子结构.There have been opened up to the vast and excellent science, in which my work is the beginning, ways and means by which other minds more accurate than wine will explore its remote corners.48. "range from …to…"结构;这是一个常见结构,译时很多情况下应变通处理,不能完全依靠辞典上的释义;Computer applications range from an assembly line completely run by computers to a children toy responding to remote signals.49. "the way…"结构I always thought she was a common-sense person who discussed things the way they ought to be discussed.50. 复杂宾补结构In recent years, the development of sensitive and accurate measuring equipment has made it possible to measure the acuity of hearing of any individual at different frequencies.51. 某些分隔结构1 动词短语相关部分被分隔当"make use of ","take notice of","pay attention to",等动词短语变成被动语态时;Use is made of solar energy in heating houses.2双重定语引起的分隔;But there is of culture another view, in which not solely the scientific passion, the sheer desire to see things as they are, natural and proper in an intelligent being, appears as the ground of it.52. "to be doing…when…"是一个句型,多译为"某人正在做……时,突然……";在简单的句子中容易看出,一旦句子变得复杂一些,可能就不太容易识别这种句型;She said she and a friend had gone out to dinner that night, and were walking home together at about 10 o'clock, when a "very big, very tall man", accosted them and demanded their purses.53. "too…to"句型Then I remembered how often I, too, had been indifferent to the grandeur of each day, too preoccupied with petty and sometimes even mean concerns to respond to the splendor of it all.54. "so much that…"句型But he developed gradually a very musical English. He learnt to write sentences that fall away on the ear with a misty languor and it delighted him so much that he could never have enough of it.55. "when"引导状语从句有时并不好译,不能一看到when从句就考虑译为"当……的时候",它还有许多种译法;Anything is better than not to write clearly. There is nothing to be said against lucidity, and against simplicity only the possibility of dryness. This is a risk that is well worth taking when you reflect how much better it is to be bold than to wear a curly wig.56. "not…because…",有时可否定前面,有时可否定because本身,往往出现歧义;应根据上下文面判定; In 1600 the earth was not the center of the universe because the majority then supposed it was; nor, because she had more readers, was Ella wheeler Wilcox a better poet than Father Hopkins.57. "so…that, such…that"是一个普通的句型,但在同一个句子里有两处使用它却比较少见;The truth is, that in one point of view, this matter of national literature has come to such a pass with us, that in some sense we must turn bullies, else the day is lost, or superiority so far beyond us, that we can hardly say it will ever be ours.58. "by doing…"结构;这个结构的意思是"通过做……",但翻译实践中不能拘泥于这种释义,不少情况下需要灵活变通;The hippos, by depositing dung in the water, fed the fish that support the storks that destroy the rare trees.59. 下面例句为一倒装句,主语很长,而且又含有非常复杂的句型;这是以形容词作表语的倒装,翻译实践中多把倒装部分译到最前面;No less obvious is the fact there are great numbers of people so constituted or so brought up that they cannot get so much pleasure out of processes and experiences resulting in a poorer life less full of meaning.60. "what…of"句型I can not say of myself what Johnson said of Pope: He never passed a fault unamended by indifference, nor quitted it by despair. I do not write as I do; I write as I can.61. 英语的一个习惯用法是：当否定谓语thinkbelieve时,实际上是否定其后面的宾语从句;否定就落在宾语从句上;这样宾语从句就变成了双重否定,译时可以按双重否定译,也可按肯定来译;It is a valuable work. I do not think anyone writes so well that he cannot learn much from it.62. "to have not…as to see…"中的不定式也有否定意味;He had not the good breeding to see that simplicity and naturalness are the truest marks of distinction.63. "It occurred to sb. that…"意为"突然想到","It dawned on sb.that…64. "It follows that…"="It happens as a result…"常常被译为"由此可见","因此","从前","可以推断"等等;It follows that the housewife will also expect to be able to have more leisure in her life without lowering her standard of living. It also follows that human domestic servants will have completely ceased to exist.65. "that's all there is to it ",意思是"也不过如此而已";可根据上下文视情况处理;If I'm touched, I'm touched-that's all there is to it.66. "The chances are that…"是一句型,译为"有可能……";The chances are you will never attempt that speed with poetry or want to race though some passages in fiction over which you wish to linger.67. Feel, see, leave引起宾语的宾语补足语,或在被动语态中引起主语补足语的某些惯用句型,有时see 和feel这两个词的被动式不大好译;遇到这种情况应挖掘其深层含义,不要拘泥于表面形式;The education of the young is seen to be of primary importance.68. 某此以no, nowhere, never, not…bout, not…any, nothing but, hardly, scarcely, seldom等否定词语引出的一些结构;I never go past the theatre but I think of his last performance.69. 某些用choice between, to know better, whether or, should have avoided或done better等表示从两种做法中选取一种更好的做法Then we are faced with a choice between using technology to provide and fulfil needs which have hitherto been regarded as unnecessary or, on the other hand, using technology to reduce the number of hours of work which a man must do in order to earn a given standard of libing.70. 某些省略情况,应清单确认省略的内容;The country had grown rich, its commerce was large, and wealth did its natural work in making life softer and more worldly, commerce in deprovincializing the minds of those engaged in it.71. 修饰成分包括定语、定语从句、同位语从句等多而长;Across the court from the Manhattan apartment that I have occupied for the past few years is a dog that often hurls insults into the darkness, a few of which my dog refuses to accept and makesa tart reply.72. 一些外位语,所谓外位修饰,指从句子结构和内容上不起主要信息表达功能的部分;其作用是从语气和连接上下文等方面进行补充;在翻译成汉语时,往往可独立成句,外形上不保留修饰的痕迹;Of course, nobody was hurt this time, because we had all been to dinner, none of us being novices excepting Hastings; and he having been informed by the minister at the time that he invited him that in deference to the English custom the had not provided any dinner.。

第二章-强调句、倒装句第二章常考语法——7.强调句、倒装句强调句强调句是一种修辞手段，通过各种方式对句子中的某个部分进行强调。

只有一般现在时和一般过去时，如：It was not until the teacher came in that students stopped talking.They did give me some help.This is the only book that I am interested in.It引导的部分强调句It的两种基本用法it作形式主语，代替主语从句、动词不定式或动名词短语，被代替的是句子的真正的主语。

It delighted me that I could go to the college that I liked.（作形式主语代替主语从句）It作形式宾语I think it very important to learn English well.（代替动词不定式）It引导的部分强调句it is /was+被强调部分+that/ who+原句其他成分可以用来强调主语、宾语、状语。

如果强调的主语或宾语是指的人，则that可以由who来代替。

如果强调的是状语，则不能用when, where来代替，只能是由that来引导。

如：It is us who/that are taught by Miss Wang.（强调宾语）It is in the class 9 that Miss Wang teaches us.（强调状语）特殊强调：It is/ was not until+被强调部分+that+其他部分It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.It引导的部分强调句判断是否是强调结构的方法是，去掉it is/was和that后，剩余部分（经调整后）是否依然是个完整的句子，如果是，就是强调结构，否则就不是。