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中国传统文化中英文对照中国古代四大发明the four greatinventions of ancient China火药gunpowder印刷术printing造纸术paper-making指南针the compass书法calligraphy文房四宝(笔墨纸砚)：The Four Treasure of the Study (Brush, Ink-stick, Paper, and Ink-stone) 艺术：京剧Peking opera秦腔Qin opera相声comic cross talk杂技acrobatics踩高跷stilt walk木偶戏puppet show皮影戏shadowplay折子戏opera highlight泥人clay figure口技ventriloquism花灯festival lantern灯谜lantern riddle刺绣embroidery剪纸paper cutting针灸acupuncture中国画traditional Chinese painting水墨画Chinese brush painting中国结Chinese knot美食：小吃摊snack bar/snack stand月饼moon cake年糕rice cake油条deep-fried dough sticks豆浆soybean milk馒头steamed buns花卷steamed twisted rolls包子steamed stuffed buns拉面hand-stretched noodles馄饨wonton (dumplings in soup)豆腐tofu; bean curd麻花fried dough twist蛋炒饭fried rice with egg节日：春节：the Spring Festival元宵节：the Lantern Festival清明节：the Tomb-sweeping Day端午节：the Dragon-boat Festival中秋节：the Mid-autumn Day重阳节：the Double-ninth Day七夕节：the Double-seventh Day名著：《大学》The Great Learning《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean 《论语》The Analects of Confucius 《孟子》The Mencius《孙子兵法》The Art of War《三国演义》Three Kingdoms《西游记》Journey to the West《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Mansions《水浒传》Heroes of the Marshes《山海经》The Classic of Mountains and Rivers 《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals《史记》Historical Records《诗经》The Book of Songs《易经》The Book of Changes《礼记》The Book of Rites《三字经》Three-character Scriptures旅游景点：秦始皇陵the Mausoleum of Emperor Qinshihuang 兵马俑Terracotta Warriors and Horses大雁塔Big Wild Goose Pagoda丝绸之路the Silk Road敦煌莫高窟Mogao Grottoes华清池Huaqing Hot Springs五台山Wutai Mountain九华山Jiuhua Mountain蛾眉山Mount Emei泰山Mount Tai黄山Mount Huangshan; the YellowMountain故宫the Imperial Palace天坛the Temple of Heaven苏州园林Suzhou gardens西湖West Lake九寨沟Jiuzhaigou Valley日月潭Sun Moon Lake布达拉宫Potala Palace。
中国传统文化翻译中国传统文化是中国文化的一个重要组成部分，涵盖了许多方面，包括历史、哲学、艺术、文学、音乐、美术等。
以下是中国传统文化翻译的相关参考内容：1. Confucianism (儒家思想)Confucianism is a philosophy developed by Confucius in ancient China, emphasizing the importance of personal and governmental morality, the correctness of social relationships, justice, and sincerity.2. Taoism (道家思想)Taoism is a philosophical and religious tradition that emphasizes living in harmony with the Tao (the Way), encompassing ideas like simplicity, naturalness, and spontaneous action.3. Chinese Calligraphy (中国书法)Chinese calligraphy is a form of visual art that seeks to express artistic beauty using characters as a medium. It is often regarded as one of the highest forms of Chinese cultural expression.4. Chinese Poetry (中国诗歌)Chinese poetry has a rich history dating back to ancient times, with famous poets such as Li Bai and Du Fu. It is characterized by its use of rhyme, meter, and symbolism.5. Chinese Painting (中国画)Chinese painting is a form of visual art that includes traditional landscape, figure, and animal painting. It is known for itscombination of brushwork, ink-wash, and color, and tends to focus on capturing the essence or spirit of the subject matter.6. The Five Elements (五行)The Five Elements theory is a concept in Chinese philosophy that suggests that everything in the world is composed of five basic elements - wood, fire, earth, metal, and water. It is often used to describe the natural world and is also applied in traditional Chinese medicine and feng shui.7. Feng Shui (风水)Feng shui is a traditional Chinese practice that aims to arrange the environment in a way that is harmonious with nature and beneficial to its inhabitants. It involves the placement of objects and structures in a way that enhances the flow of "qi" (life force).8. Tea Culture (茶道)Tea culture is a traditional Chinese practice that originated in ancient China and has developed into a sophisticated art form. It involves the preparation, serving, and enjoyment of tea, as well as its social roles in China's history.9. Chinese Cuisine (中国菜)Chinese cuisine is a diverse culinary tradition that encompasses eight regional cuisines, such as Sichuan, Cantonese, and Shandong. It emphasizes the use of fresh ingredients, delicacy, and balance of flavors.10. Traditional Festivals (中国传统节日)Traditional festivals in China reflect cultural traditions and values,such as Spring Festival (Chinese New Year), Mid-Autumn Festival, and Dragon Boat Festival. They involve a variety of activities, such as family gatherings, eating special foods, and giving and receiving gifts.。
中华传统文化英语词汇English Vocabulary Related to Chinese Traditional CultureChinese traditional culture is vast and rich, encompassing various aspects such as philosophy, history, art, music, dance, cuisine, and much more. Here are some English vocabulary terms related to Chinese traditional culture:Confucianism: A major philosophical tradition in China that emphasizes moral values, social order, and the importance of education.Taoism: A philosophical system that emphasizes harmony with nature, the importance of inner peace, and the cycles of life and death.Mandarin: The official language of China, also known as Putonghua, which is widely spoken throughout the country.Calligraphy: The art of writing with a brush dipped in ink on paper, considered an essential part of Chinese culture.Acupuncture: A traditional Chinese medical practice that involves inserting needles into specific points on the body to alleviate pain and promote healing.Opera: A form of musical drama that combines singing, dancing, acting, and acrobatics, often with elaborate costumes and sets.Tea Ceremony: A ritualized way of preparing and enjoying tea, considered an important aspect of Japanese and Chinese culture.Festivals and Holidays: Chinese culture has a rich array of festivals and holidays throughout the year, such as the Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, and Double Ninth Festival.Folk Art: Traditional art forms created by the common people, including paper cutting, shadow puppets, face painting, and more.These are just a few examples of the vast vocabulary related to Chinese traditional culture. Each term represents a unique aspect of this rich and diverse heritage.与中华传统文化相关的英语词汇中华传统文化博大精深，涵盖哲学、历史、艺术、音乐、舞蹈、美食等多个方面。
英语四级中国传统文化的单词
以下是英语四级中关于中国传统文化的单词：
1.Confucianism：儒家思想，强调仁、义、礼、智、信
的价值观。
2.Chinese painting：中国画，强调意境和气韵生动。
3.Chinese characters：汉字，包括象形、指事、会意、
形声四种造字法。
4.Chinese traditional music：中国传统音乐，包括民
歌、曲艺、戏曲等形式。
5.Chinese cuisine：中国菜系，包括川菜、鲁菜、粤菜、
苏菜、浙菜、闽菜、湘菜和徽菜八大菜系。
6.Chinese tea：中国茶文化，包括绿茶、红茶、乌龙茶
等不同种类的茶叶。
7.Chinese traditional medicine：中医中药，包括针
灸、推拿、拔罐等治疗方法。
8.Chinese architecture：中国传统建筑，以木结构为
主，注重与自然环境的和谐统一。
9.Chinese literature：中国文学，包括古典文学和现代
文学两大类。
10.Chinese philosophy：中国哲学，包括道家、墨家、
法家等学派的思想。
这些单词可以用于描述中国传统文化的内容和特点，帮助您更好地了解和掌握相关的英语表达方式。
八拜之交：原表示世代有交情的两家弟子谒见对方长辈时的礼节，旧时也称异姓结拜的兄弟姐妹。
●friendship between sworn brothers or sisters●friendship between very close friends whounderstand each other and recommend eachother at the sacrifice of their own interests莫逆之交：bosom friends总角之交：friendship between people who are friends since childhood一般作宾语，指儿时的朋友。
总角：古代未成年的人把头发扎成髻。
借指童年时期，幼年。
总角是八九岁至十三四岁的少年，古代儿童将头发分作左右两半，在头顶各扎成一个结，形如两个羊角，故称“总角”。
贫贱之交：friendship between people who are poverty-stricken and from humble circumstances杵臼之交：friendship between people who do not care about the financial condition and social status of each other 杵：舂米的木棒；臼：石臼。
比喻交朋友不计较贫富和身分。
君子之交：friendship between gentlemen小人之交：friendship between villains狐朋狗友：people who often gather together doing something meaningless and even illegal棋友/牌友/球友：people who often meet to play chess, poker, ball. etc.战友：people who get to know each other while serving in the same army unit普通老百姓交的朋友谓“布衣之交”；有钱人与没钱人交朋友谓“车笠之交”；在逆境中结交的朋友称“患难之交”；吃喝玩乐结交的朋友称“酒肉之交”；年岁差别大，行辈不同而交情深厚的朋友称“忘年之交”；幼年相交的朋友称“竹马之交”；交情深厚的朋友谓“肺腑之交”；亲密无间的朋友谓“胶漆之交”；生死与共的朋友谓“生死之交”；情投意合的朋友称“莫逆之交”；哪怕砍头也不改变友谊的朋友称“刎颈之交”；无意中相遇而结成的朋友称“邂逅之交”；在道义上互相支持的朋友称“君子之交”；只见过一次面，交情不深的朋友称“一面之交”；仅点头打招呼，感情不深的朋友称“点头之交”；平淡而浮泛交往的朋友称“泛泛之交”；见过面但不熟悉的人称“半面之交”；旧时结拜的兄弟姊妹称“八拜之交”；交友不嫌贫贱称“杵逆之交”；宝贵而有价值的交往称“金玉之交”。
Hundred School of thoughts
The”hundred school of thoughts” were philosophers and schools that had flourished from 770 BC,an era of great cultural and intellectual expansion in China.Even though this period, known in its earlier part as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring State Period in its latter part, was wrought chao and bloody battles ,it is also known as the Golden Age of Chinese philosophy because various thoughts and called the Contention of a Hundred School of Thought.
Mencius and His Philosophy
Mencius(327-289 BC) is regarded as the second sage in the Confucia school .Mencius inherited and developed Confucianism and carried it to a new height. His philosophy,together with Confucius’,isknowas“the philosophies of Kong Zi and Meng zi”(孔孟之道) in the history of Chinese culture.
Mencius believed that all men are born virtuous. Every person can be as sage(圣人). They have the inclination toward goodness, just as natural as the inclination ofwater to flow downward. All the social corruptions and perversions are due to the distortion of human nature and the falling away of man’scharacter from its original goodness.
It is the neglect and abuse of innate goodness that leads men into evil dongs. Once the individual has recovered his original goodness and the state returned to the purity and order of ancient times ,all the individual and insociety will vanish. This is the core ofMencius’ doctrine , the orthodoxy of theConfucian school.
A famous dispute about human natural arose between Gao Zi(告之)and Mencius when Gao Zhi said ,”appetites for food and sex are human nature.”(食色，性也). Mencius did not contradict with this statement , and he even admitted that desires and appetitesconstitute the greatest part of human nature.
Therefore “Slight is the difference between man and the beast . The commom man loses this difference ,while the gentleman retains it.”(人之所以异于禽兽者几希，庶民去了，君子存之) It is this slight difference that sets man apart from animals.
Pot Calling Kettle Black(五十步笑百步.孟子)
Mencius said to King Hui,Let’s use fighting of a battle as an example. After a fier ce engagement , the soldiers threw down their armament and retreated.Some soldiers retreated 50 paces; other 100 pacces. Those retreating 50 paces laughed at those who retreated 100 paces.What do you say?
The King replied,”No. Even if one does not retreat 100 paces, it is retreating nevertheless.”MoZi (468-376 BC) was born a few years after Confucius’ death .He had an important place in the history of Chinese culture . Although Moism did not hold this position for long, its founder and his teaching left an indelible impression on the Chinese
mind.
The core of Moism is “universal love(兼爱)”, close to the assertion that “all men equal before God.”In his life time , rulers of the feudal states , to satisfy their endless material needs , sought after aggressive wars of annexation at the sacrifice of their neighbors, thus bringing the people into disastrous impasse.
Mo Zi, standing by the common people, claimed the right 0f survival for the people and the weak and small states. He advocated economy and thrift . He condemned all forms of ritual, extravagant funerals, expensive entertainment, and offensive warfare , which would deteriorate the feeding ,cloth common people.
In contrast to those of Confucius, Mo Zi’s moral teachings emphasized self-reflection and authenticity rather than obedience to ritual. He observed that we often learn about the world through adversity.
By reflection on one’s own su ccesses and failures , one attains ture self-knowledge rather than mere conformity with ritual . Mo Zi exhorted the gentleman to lead a life of asceticism and self-restraint ,renouncingboth material and spiritual extravagance.。
