简奥斯汀&现实主义
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百度,输入诺觉桑寺,找到读书的网络作家简介:简·奥斯丁,(1775—1817)英国女作家,18世纪末19世纪初英国杰出的现实主义大师,被誉为“道德教育家”。
出生于英格兰汉普郡的斯蒂文顿村,父亲是教区的主管牧师。
在父兄的熏陶下,奥斯丁从小就阅读了大量的文学作品。
她16岁时开始写作,是第一个通过描绘日常生活中的普通人,使小说具有鲜明现代性质的小说家。
奥斯丁一生中共创作了6部长篇小说《理智与情感为(1811)、《傲慢与偏见》(1813)、《曼斯菲尔德庄园》(1814)、《爱玛》(1815)、(诺桑觉修道院》和《劝服》(后两部出版于她去世后的1818年)小说内容多是刻画当时英国乡村的风俗民情、社交和男女恋情等。
她的创作开启了19世纪30年代的现实主义小说高潮,在英国小说的发展史上具有承上启下的意义。
作品目录·《傲慢与偏见》《傲慢与偏见》是奥斯丁的代表作。
这部作品以日常生活为素材,一反当时社会上流行的感伤小说的内容和矫揉造作的写作方法,生动地反映了18世纪末到19世纪初处于保守和闭塞状态下的英国乡镇生活和世态人情。
这部社会风情画式的小说不仅在当时吸引着广大的读者,时至今日,仍给读者以独特的艺术享受。
·《理智与情感》简·奥斯丁在她诞生地汉普郡的斯蒂文顿繁荣而稳定的乡间长大,十二三岁就开始写作。
她早期的习作都是中短篇,光是十五六岁时写的,后人就编成了两部集子。
一七九七年,简二十二岁,完成第一部长篇小说《第一面印象》。
接着开始写《埃莉诺与玛丽安》。
这两本都是书信体小说,十多年后,分别改写成用第三人称叙述的长篇小说《傲慢与偏见》和《理智与情感》。
后者于1811年出版,等到前者于两年后问世时,后者于同年再版。
所以,尽管《傲慢与偏见》的原始本子写作在前,她第一部出版的作品却是《理智与情感》。
·《爱玛》发表于1818年,英国女作家,奥斯丁小说。
女主人公爱玛是一个“从来不在外面住宿的天下少有的女人”,孤零零的,但是充满了感情与思想,她经过一系列误会后,与男主人公先生终成佳偶。
傲慢与偏见:简·奥斯汀的情感描写艺术1. 简介《傲慢与偏见》是英国作家简·奥斯汀最著名的作品之一,出版于1813年。
该小说以19世纪英国贵族社会为背景,讲述了女主角伊丽莎白·班纳特和男主角达西先生之间的爱情故事。
本文将重点探讨作者简·奥斯汀在小说中运用精湛的情感描写艺术给读者带来的阅读享受。
2. 情感描写的细腻性简·奥斯汀以深入人心的方式刻画了小说中各个角色的情感变化。
通过细致而富有洞察力的描述,读者得以更好地理解角色内心真实的想法和感受。
2.1 真实可信的对话作者巧妙地利用角色之间的对话来传递情感信息,这种对话真实而生动。
例如,在女主人公伊丽莎白和达西先生之间的对话中,可以清楚地感受到两人之间复杂的情感纠葛。
2.2 角色行为与身体语言作者通过对角色行为和身体语言的描写,巧妙地表达了人物内心世界。
比如,当伊丽莎白接受达西先生向她求婚时,她的眼神、微笑以及姿态都透露出她的内心情感。
3. 多维度的情感描写简·奥斯汀在小说中给予了多个角色丰富的情感,并展现了这些情感在不同关系和环境下的变化。
3.1 爱与恨小说中既有深厚的爱情描写,也有激烈的仇恨情节。
通过对不同角色之间复杂而错综的关系描写,读者可以感受到各种强烈和真实的情感。
3.2 傲慢与偏见正如小说标题所示,《傲慢与偏见》是作者想要表达的主题之一。
作者通过对角色形象、言辞和行为方式等方面进行精准描写,展现了社会阶级和个人成见给人际关系带来的问题。
4. 情感描写对故事发展的影响简·奥斯汀的情感描写不仅仅是为了丰富小说情节,还对故事发展起到了重要的推动作用。
4.1 矛盾和冲突通过对角色情感的描写,作者创造了许多矛盾和冲突,这些矛盾和冲突使得故事更加引人入胜。
4.2 人物成长与转变通过深入描写角色内心的情感转变,读者可以见证角色从傲慢自负到谦逊宽容、从固执己见到开放接纳的重要转变。
5. 结论《傲慢与偏见》是简·奥斯汀情感描写艺术的杰作之一。
jane austen英文简介简·奥斯汀,英国女小说家,英国女小说家,主要作品有《傲慢与偏见》、《理智与情感》等。
下面是店铺给大家整理的jane austen英文简介,供大家参阅!jane austen简介Jane Austen (December 16, 1775 - July 18, 1817), the British female novelist, the main works are "arrogance and prejudice", "reason and emotion" and so on.Jane Austen wrote her first novel at the age of 21, titled "The Initial Impression", she publishes the publisher with no results. In this year, she began to write "Eleanor and Marian", after she wrote "Nuosangjue Temple", written in 1799. Ten years later, the "initial impression" was rewritten, renamed "arrogance and prejudice", "Eleanor and Marianne" after rewriting, renamed "reason and emotion", were published. As for the "Nuosangjue Temple", the author did not book a lifetime. These three are Austen pre-works, written in her hometown of Steventon. Her later works are also three: "Mansfield Manor", "Emma" and "persuasion", are the author moved to Joe Dayton after the make. The first two have been published, only 1816 completed the "persuasion", because the author is not satisfied with the original outcome, to rewrite, not published. After her death, the brother Henry Austin was responsible for the publication of the "Nuosangjue Temple" and "persuasion", and for the first time with Jane Austen this real name.jane austen人物经历Jane Austen, born in December 1775 in Steventon, Hampshire, and eight brothers and sisters.The father served as the chief of the parish for more thanforty years. He is a profound knowledge of the priest, his wife was born in the more wealthy family, but also has a certain cultural accomplishment. Therefore, although Austin did not enter the formal school, but the family's excellent conditions and reading environment, gave her self-learning conditions, cultivate her writing interest. She began to write something at the age of thirteen, showing her talent in language. In 1800 the father retired, the family moved to Bath, Austin does not like this place, she was said to have suffered torture torture. Here, Austin rejected a young man who would inherit the great fortune, because she did not love him. Lived for four years or so, his father died in the place, so Austin and mother, sister and moved to Southampton, 1809 and then moved to Jordon. In early 1816 she was seriously ill, the body is weakening, in May 1817 was sent to Winchester for treatment, but the treatment is invalid, in the same year on July 18 died in her sister's arms. She was unmarried for the rest of her life and was buried in Winchester Cathedral jane austen创作特点Theme of the workAustin's characters are fictional, but they all reflect Austen's own view of marriage. The changes in the era of Austin life, social, economic and political changes have affected the various classes. At that time, the rural aristocracy and the landlord youth also reflected some ideas on human nature and humanity after the rise of the Renaissance. For example, "arrogance and prejudice" in the Elizabeth fully embodies Austen's longing for the love and marriage model, Elizabeth and Darcy in the exchanges, advocating the principle of equality between men and women, abandon the traditional male superiority view, and that noble feelings are people's normal need. At the same time, Austin'sideal marriage in addition to equality, respect, there is freedom and understanding, she hopes to help people get rid of the shackles of traditional thinking, to find themselves, to achieve self.Artistic characteristicsAusten's style of work is so witty, full of comedy. Because Austin life for the rest of his life in the feudal forces of the powerful village, coupled with well-off family, so the circle of life is very small. Which makes her works are often confined to the ordinary gentry daughter love the story of marriage, and her works to some extent reflect the feudal forces point of view. The work mainly through the ladies gentlemen's social communication, daily dialogue to reflect the family and social moral standards. Which makes Austen's work for a long time considered to be popular books. However, although Austen's work is likened to "two-inch ivory carvings", but she still through the gentleman's daily conversation and communication to reflect the social attitudes at that time, with humorous language to irony mercenary, love vanity phenomenon , Through the comic scenes ridicule people stupid, selfish, snobbish and blind self-confidence and other ridiculous weaknesses.。
简奥斯汀的写作技巧_保育员工作总结写作格式顺序简奥斯汀(Jane Austen)是英国文学史上具有重要地位的著名作家,她以其细腻的心理描写和对社会习俗的深刻洞察而闻名。
她的写作技巧可以从多个方面进行分析,包括情节安排、人物塑造、语言运用等。
以下是对简奥斯汀的写作技巧的一些总结:一、情节安排简奥斯汀的小说情节不复杂,但却能引人入胜。
她善于利用日常生活中的琐事来构建情节,通过人物之间的言行举止和日常生活来展开故事,使读者对人物和情节产生共鸣。
她擅长运用反讽和讽刺,通过对社会习俗和人性的揭示来推动情节发展,使读者产生思考和共鸣。
二、人物塑造简奥斯汀的人物塑造非常细腻,她通过人物的言行举止、内心活动和与他人的互动来描绘人物形象,使人物形象栩栩如生。
她对于各种不同性格的人物进行了深入的刻画,塑造了一系列生动鲜活的人物形象,这些人物形象各具特色,且在作品中相互衬托、相互影响,使整个作品更加丰富多彩。
三、语言运用简奥斯汀善于运用轻松幽默的语言来描绘人物和情节,她的语言流畅明快,通俗易懂,有时夹杂着一些幽默和讽刺的成分,使整个作品显得活泼有趣。
她还善于利用对话来展现人物性格和情感,使人物形象更加丰满。
简奥斯汀的写作技巧主要体现在她细腻的心理描写和对社会习俗的深刻剖析上。
她通过精妙的情节安排、细腻的人物塑造和巧妙的语言运用,塑造了许多深具魅力的小说形象,成为英国文学史上不可忽视的重要作家之一。
就保育员工作总结写作格式顺序而言,一般可以按以下顺序进行:一、工作背景介绍首先介绍保育员的工作背景,包括所在的组织或机构、工作内容和工作环境等。
二、工作内容概述对保育员的工作内容进行概述,包括具体的工作内容和职责范围。
需要详细描述保育员在工作中需要做的事情,以及所需具备的技能和能力。
三、工作成绩总结根据具体的工作内容和职责范围,对保育员在工作中取得的成绩进行总结,包括个人能力的提升、工作业绩的突出等方面。
可以列举具体的工作成果和成绩,如完成的项目、取得的荣誉等。
简·奥斯汀简奥斯汀简·奥斯汀(Jane Austen,1775年12月16日-1817年7月18日)是英国著名女性小说家,她的作品主要关注乡绅家庭女性的婚姻和生活,以女性特有的细致入微的观察力和活泼风趣的文字真实地描绘了她周围世界的小天地。
简·奥斯汀Jane Austen【作家生平】简·奥斯汀(1775年12月16日~1817年7月18日)英国女小说家。
生于乡村小镇斯蒂文顿,有6个兄弟和一个姐姐,家境尚可。
父亲乔治·奥斯汀(George Aus ten,1731年—1805年)是当地一名牧师。
母亲卡桑德拉(1739年—1827年)。
奥斯汀没有上过正规学校,但受到较好的家庭教育,主要教材就是父亲的文学藏书。
奥斯汀一家爱读流行小说,多半是庸俗的消遣品。
她少女时期的习作就是对这类流行小说的滑稽模仿,这样就形成了她作品中嘲讽的基调。
她20岁左右开始写作,共发表了6部长篇小说。
1811年出版的《理智与情感》是她的处女作,随后又接连发表了《傲慢与偏见》(1813)、《曼斯菲尔德花园》(1814)和《爱玛》(1815)。
《诺桑觉寺》(又名《诺桑觉修道院》)和《劝导》(1818)是在她去世后第二年发表的,并署上了作者真名。
简·奥斯汀一生未嫁。
1796年,她与后来成为爱尔兰最高法官的汤姆·勒弗罗伊(T om Lefroy)有过短暂的罗曼史,据传他就是《傲慢与偏见》中达西先生的原型。
18 02年,一名比奥斯汀小六岁的富有男子哈里斯·彼格威瑟(Harris Bigg-Wither)向她求婚。
奥斯汀最初接受了,次日又改变主意拒绝了他。
1801年,奥斯汀的父亲退休后,全家迁居到疗养胜地巴斯。
就像笔下的女主人公安妮·艾略特一样,奥斯汀并不喜欢巴斯,这也许与她家庭经济状况日趋拮据有关。
1805年父亲去世后,奥斯汀跟随母亲和姐姐到南安普敦与兄长弗兰克住了几年。
论简奥斯汀的女性主义思想一、本文概述本文旨在深入剖析简·奥斯汀作品中所体现的女性主义思想。
通过对她几部主要小说如《傲慢与偏见》《理智与情感》等的细致解读,我们将探索奥斯汀如何在她的文学作品中为女性发声,揭示当时社会女性地位的低下和性别不平等的现象,并提出对女性独立、自我实现的独特见解。
本文将首先概述简·奥斯汀的生平和创作背景,进而分析她的作品中女性角色的塑造和她们如何通过婚姻、爱情和社会交往寻求自我价值和独立地位。
本文还将讨论奥斯汀如何通过她的文字批判当时的社会制度和道德观念,强调女性应享有的权利和尊严。
最终,我们将得出结论,简·奥斯汀不仅是一位杰出的文学家,更是一位具有深远影响的女性主义者,她的作品为后世女性争取平等权益提供了有力的思想武器。
二、简·奥斯汀作品中的女性主义思想体现简·奥斯汀的作品以其独特的笔触和深邃的思想,展现了女性主义思想的精髓。
她的作品不仅仅是对当时社会风气的描绘,更是对女性地位和权益的深刻思考。
在她的多部作品中,我们都可以看到女性主义思想的鲜明体现。
在她的作品中,女性角色往往具有独立思考和自主选择的能力。
这些女性不再是被动的接受者,而是积极的参与者。
她们不仅对自己的婚姻大事有着清醒的认识,更在日常生活中展现出坚韧和智慧。
例如,《傲慢与偏见》中的伊丽莎白·班内特,她拒绝了达西的初次求婚,因为她认为达西的傲慢态度是对她人格的不尊重。
这一举动体现了她坚持自我价值、追求平等婚姻的决心。
奥斯汀在作品中批判了当时社会对女性的刻板印象和性别歧视。
她通过塑造一系列生动的女性形象,展示了女性在社会中的多种可能性和价值。
这些女性不仅拥有美貌和才华,更有着坚定的意志和独立的个性。
她们以自己的行动和选择,挑战了当时社会对女性的传统定义和期待。
奥斯汀在作品中强调了女性之间的互助和支持。
她描绘了女性之间深厚的友谊和亲情,以及她们在面对困境时的团结和勇敢。
介绍简奥斯汀的英语作文Jane Austen, a renowned English novelist, is best known for her six major novels including "Pride and Prejudice", "Sense and Sensibility", and "Emma". Her works are celebrated for their social commentary, wit, and keen observations of human nature. Born in 1775 in Hampshire, England, Austen grew up in a close-knit family and received a comprehensive education, which was uncommon for women of her time. Despite facing the limitations placed on women in the 19th century, Austen pursued her passion for writing and went on to become one of the most influential literary figures in history.Austen's novels often explore the societal norms and customs of the Georgian era, particularly the role of women in a patriarchal society. Her protagonists are oftenstrong-willed and independent women who defy societal expectations, challenging the status quo. Through her sharp wit and insightful storytelling, Austen sheds light on the hypocrisy and superficiality of the upper class, while also highlighting the importance of love, marriage, and individual happiness.One of Austen's most beloved works, "Pride and Prejudice", is a timeless classic that continues to captivate readers around the world. The novel follows the tumultuous relationship between Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy, and is celebrated for its sharp social commentary, memorable characters, and enduring romance. Austen's keen understanding of human nature and her ability to craft compelling narratives have solidified her reputation as a literary genius.In addition to her literary achievements, Austen's personal life and experiences have also contributed to her enduring legacy. Though she never married, her letters and personal writings reveal a keen sense of humor and a deep understanding of human emotions. Her portrayal of love and relationships in her novels is often seen as a reflection of her own views and experiences, adding depth and authenticity to her work.In conclusion, Jane Austen's impact on literature and popular culture is immeasurable. Her timeless novels continue to inspire and entertain readers of all ages, and her legacy as a pioneering female author lives on. Throughher insightful social commentary and memorable characters, Austen's work remains as relevant and beloved today as it was during her lifetime.简·奥斯汀,一位著名的英国小说家,以她的六部主要小说《傲慢与偏见》、《理智与情感》和《艾玛》而闻名。
简奥斯汀简奥斯汀(Jane Austen)是英国著名的女性作家,被誉为英国文学史上最伟大的小说家之一。
她的作品以绘制出当时英国中产阶级社会生活的细腻描写而著称,以及对人性和婚姻问题的深刻洞察力。
奥斯汀的作品影响深远,被广泛研究和阅读,至今仍然具有重要的文化价值。
生平简介简奥斯汀于1775年12月16日出生在英国汉普郡的史蒂文顿(Steventon)。
她是一个拥有六个兄弟姐妹的家庭中的第七个孩子。
她的父亲是一位牧师,因此她的童年在宗教和文学氛围下度过。
尽管她的家庭并不富裕,但是家中的图书馆丰富多样,这让她从小就培养了对文学的兴趣。
奥斯汀在家庭教育下接受了良好的教育,她热爱阅读,并开始写作。
她的第一部小说《苦恼与自负》(Sense and Sensibility)于1811年匿名出版。
接下来的几年里,她相继出版了《傲慢与偏见》(Pride and Prejudice)和《爱玛》(Emma),这两部小说被认为是她的代表作品。
然而,尽管奥斯汀的作品备受好评,她的文学生涯并不如意。
由于当时女性在文学界的地位较低,奥斯汀并没有通过自己的作品取得经济上的成功。
而且,由于她对自己的作品进行匿名出版,直到她去世后,很少有人知道这些作品是她写的。
简奥斯汀于1817年7月18日逝世,享年41岁。
尽管她生前并没有得到足够的认可和赞赏,但在她逝世后的几十年里,她的作品逐渐被人们重新发现,并迅速赢得了读者们的喜爱。
她作品中对女性地位和婚姻问题的关注,以及对社会中产阶级生活的真实描绘,让她成为了英国文学史上一位伟大的女性作家。
主要作品简奥斯汀的作品主要关注女性的社会地位和婚姻问题,她的文字细腻入微,富有幽默感,令人捧腹。
她的作品融合了对社会习俗和人性的观察,展现了当时英国乡村中产阶级生活的方方面面。
以下是她的一些重要作品:1.《苦恼与自负》(Sense and Sensibility):这是奥斯汀的处女作,讲述了两个姐妹的故事,她们分别代表了理性和感性的两个极端。
简奥斯丁生平介绍简·奥斯丁(Jane Austen)是英国文学史上最伟大的女作家之一,以她的小说作品闻名于世。
她的作品充满了机智、幽默和社交洞察力,被广泛认为是英国文学的珍宝,对后世文学产生了巨大的影响。
简·奥斯丁生于1775年12月16日,出生在英格兰的汉普郡史蒂文顿。
她是一个幸运的女孩,来自于一个中产阶级家庭。
她的父亲是史蒂文顿市的教区牧师,母亲则来自于一个富有的上流社会家庭。
简·奥斯丁是一个六个孩子中的第七个,她有五个哥哥和一个姐姐。
奥斯丁的童年时光是快乐的。
她在家中温馨的环境中长大,周围充满了亲爱的家人和朋友。
奥斯丁从小就展现出对阅读和写作的兴趣。
她的父母很早就发现了她的才华,鼓励她积极参与创作。
由于家庭条件相对宽裕,奥斯丁可以在一个舒适和安静的环境中进行学习和写作。
在18世纪末期,良好的教育机会对于女性来说并不普遍。
然而,奥斯丁有幸得到了良好的教育。
她的父亲亲自教授她和她的兄弟姐妹诗歌、经典文学和英语文法。
此外,她们也从私人教师那里学到了音乐、绘画和舞蹈等技能。
正是这样的教育使得奥斯丁在写作方面表现出色。
奥斯丁早期的作品大多数是以书信形式完成的。
这些作品显示了她对社交生活的深入洞察,并且她也在这些作品中展现出自己独特的幽默和智慧。
她的作品也探讨了婚姻和社会地位等主题,这些都成为了她后来小说的主要元素。
尽管奥斯丁的作品在当时并未出版,但她一直在积极写作,并与其他作家进行文学交流和合作。
她的首部小说是《劝导》,完成于1797年至1798年之间。
然而,尽管奥斯丁将这部小说寄给了出版商,但它并未能够被接受出版。
直到1809年,奥斯丁的第一部小说《傲慢与偏见》被出版,这部小说取得了巨大的商业成功。
奥斯丁在接下来的几年里继续创作,她写作了包括《理智与情感》、《曼斯菲尔德庄园》和《爱玛》在内的一些最重要的作品。
这些小说都具有她的特殊风格,包括对社会规范和婚姻制度的观察,以及对人性的深刻理解。
几百年来,欧洲文坛涌现了一大批才华横溢的女作家,他们以女性特有的眼光观察分析世界。
真实反映各个社会时期人民的情怀遭遇命运;女性小说已成为欧美文学的重要组成部分,它记载了作为主流文学的男性文本说无法反映的女性经验和意识,引起了女性读者的认同感和男性读者的深刻反思。
像所有的经典小说一样,女性小说充分体现了艺术性和创作性,像《傲慢与偏见》《飘》这类的经典力作使很多男性作家都自叹弗如,而且在亿万读者中享有盛誉。
我们将选取几位代表性的作家,感悟他们不凡的人生,品读流芳百世的佳作,领略女作家的风采。
第一章简奥斯丁一简·奥斯汀的时代有句话说“时势造英雄”,这句话用在奥斯汀身上也不无道理,特定的时代造就特定的社会,也造就这个社会中人们的思想。
简.奥斯汀生活在18世纪后期到19世纪前期的英国,这个时期在欧洲和英国发生了一系列包括政治和经济的巨大变化,影响了人们的生活和思想.正是在这样的背景下,产生和造就了这样一位特殊的女作家和她的思想。
因此,了解这一时期英国的社会情况,是研究简·奥斯汀思想的社会源流的切入点。
1 8世纪后期到19世纪前期的这段历史,由三个大的主要事件贯穿起来:启蒙运动、法国大革命和拿破仑战争。
这些事件相互关联,相互激荡,不仅影响和改变了法国的面貌,而且通过文化的、政治的方式冲击英国,从而使英国社会在政治、思想、社会生活等方面产生了一些变化。
在启蒙运动中,哲学家们对女性角色和女性美德也进行了论述。
启蒙运动中的哲学家们提倡妇女应当受教育。
这些思想对当时妇女运动和普通妇女的生活产生了一定的影响,使得她们在遵守这些传统规范的同时,行为和思想也因为社会变迁而有所变化。
在简·奥斯汀的作品里面,妇女的教育问题也是她关心的一个重要的方面,她作品中的女子几乎都接受了传统社会下的妇女教育观念,但在传统的基础上也有新的变化。
这些变化的来源主要是紧跟着启蒙运动发生的法国大革命和拿破仑战争。
这两个相关的事件首先影响了欧洲国家的政治,政治上的影响进一步带来民众生活方式和思想的变化。
简·奥斯汀(英语:Jane Austen,1775年12月16日-1817年7月18日),19世纪英国小说家,世界文学史上最具影响力的女性文学家之一,其最著名的作品是《傲慢与偏见》和《理智与情感》,以细致入微的观察和活泼风趣的文字著称。
Jane Austen (16 December 1775 – 18 July 1817) was an English novelist whose works of romantic fiction, set among the landed gentry, earned her a place as one of the most widely read writers in English literature. Her realism, biting irony and social commentary have gained her historical importance among scholars and critics.[1]Austen lived her entire life as part of a close-knit family located on the lower fringes of the English landed gentry.[2]She was educated primarily by her father and older brothers as well as through her own reading. The steadfast support of her family was critical to her development as a professional writer.[3]Her artistic apprenticeship lasted from her teenage years into her thirties. During this period, she experimented with various literary forms, including the epistolary novel which she then abandoned, and wrote and extensively revised three major novels and began a fourth.[B] From 1811 until 1816, with the release of Sense and Sensibility(1811), Pride and Prejudice(1813), Mansfield Park (1814) and Emma (1816), she achieved success as a published writer. She wrote two additional novels, Northanger Abbey and Persuasion, both published posthumously in 1818, and began a third, which was eventually titled Sanditon, but died before completing it.Austen's works critique the novels of sensibility of the second half of the 18th century and are part of the transition to 19th-century realism.[4][C] Her plots, though fundamentally comic,[5]highlight the dependence of women on marriage to secure social standing and economic security.[6] Her work brought her little personal fame and only a few positive reviews during her lifetime, but the publication in 1869 of her nephew's A Memoir of Jane Austen introduced her to a wider public, and by the 1940s she had become widely accepted in academia as a great English writer. The second half of the 20th century saw a proliferation of Austen scholarship and the emergence of a Janeite fan culture.of Jane AustenBiographical information concerning Jane Austen is "famously scarce", according to one biographer.[7] Only some personal and family letters remain (by one estimate only 160 out of Austen's 3,000 letters are extant),[8] and her sister Cassandra (to whom most of the letters were originally addressed) burned "the greater part" of the ones she kept andcensored those she did not destroy.[9]Other letters were destroyed by the heirs of Admiral Francis Austen, Jane's brother.[10]Most of the biographical material produced for fifty years after Austen's death was written by her relatives and reflects the family's biases in favour of "good quiet Aunt Jane". Scholars have unearthed little information since.[7]简有六个哥哥和一个姐姐Cassandra,其中两个兄长后来也从事神职,另两名则曾供职英国海军。
姐姐Cassandra是珍最亲近的人,姐妹间的信件为后人的研究提供了很多素材,其所作的简画像目前保存在伦敦的国家肖像馆内。
Early life and educationSteventon rectory, as depicted in A Memoir of Jane Austen, was in a valley and surrounded by meadows.[21]Austen was born on 16 December 1775 at Steventon rectory and publicly christened on 5 April 1776.[22]After a few months at home, her mother placed Austen with Elizabeth Littlewood, a woman living nearby, who nursed and raised Austen for a year or eighteen months.[23]In 1783, according to family tradition, Jane and Cassandra were sent to Oxford to be educated by Mrs. Ann Cawley and they moved with her to Southampton later in the year. Both girls caught typhus and Jane nearly died.[24]Austen was subsequently educated at home, until leaving for boarding school with her sister Cassandra early in 1785. The school curriculum probably included some French, spelling, needlework, dancing and music and, perhaps, drama. By December 1786, Jane and Cassandra had returned home because the Austens could not afford to send both of their daughters to school.[25]Austen acquired the remainder of her education by reading books, guided by her father and her brothers James and Henry.[26]George Austen apparently gave his daughters unfettered access to his large and varied library, was tolerant of Austen's sometimes risqué experiments in writing, and provided both sisters with expensive paper and other materials for their writing and drawing.[27] According to Park Honan, a biographer of Austen, life in the Austen home was lived in "an open, amused, easy intellectual atmosphere" where the ideas of those with whom the Austens might disagree politically or socially were considered and discussed.[28]After returningfrom school in 1786, Austen "never again lived anywhere beyond the bounds of her immediate family environment".[29]Private theatricals were also a part of Austen's education. From when she was seven until she was thirteen, the family and close friends staged a series of plays, including Richard Sheridan's The Rivals(1775) and David Garrick's Bon Ton. While the details are unknown, Austen would certainly have joined in these activities, as a spectator at first and as a participant when she was older.[30]Most of the plays were comedies, which suggests one way in which Austen's comedic and satirical gifts were cultivated.[31]In 1788, her portrait may have been commissioned by her great uncle, Francis Austen.长篇小说•《理智与情感》(英语:Sense and Sensibility,1811年出版)•《傲慢与偏见》(英语:Pride and Prejudice,1813年出版)•《曼斯菲尔德庄园》(英语:Mansfield Park,1814年出版)•《爱玛》(英语:Emma,1815年)•《诺桑觉寺》(英语:Northanger Abbey,1818年,死后出版)•《劝导》(英语:Persuasion,1818年,死后出版)短篇小说•《苏珊夫人》(英语:Lady Susan)未完成的作品•《沃森一家》(英语:The Watsons)•《桑迪顿》(英语:Sanditon)其他作品•Sir Charles Grandison•Plan of a NovelJane Austen (1775-1817)◆A English writer, who firstgave the novel its moderncharacter, through thetreatment of everyday life.◆Jane Austen was born in Steventon, Hampshire, where her father was a rector. She was the second daughter and seventh child in a family of eight. The first 25 years of her life,Austen spent in Hampshire. She was tutored at home. Her parents were avid readers and she received a broader education than many women of her time. On her father‘s retirement, the family moved to Bath.. Austen focused on middle-class provincial life with humor and understanding. She depicted the life of minor landed gentry, country clergymen and their families, in which marriage mainly determined women's social status.◆Most important for her were those little matters, as Emma says, "on which the daily happiness of private life depends."◆Although Austen restricted to family matters, and she passed the historical events of the Napoleonic wars, her wit and observant narrative touch has been inexhaustible delight to readers.◆Of her six great novels, four were published anonymously during her lifetime.◆At her death on July 18, 1817 in Winchester, Austen was writing the unfinished Sanditon. Austen was buried in Winchester Cathedral.奥斯汀终身未婚,家道小康。