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GMDSS系统与AIS系统卫星监控系统的关系和作用作者：张吕法文章来源：本站原创点击数：573 更新时间：2008-6-24一、GMDSS系统基本概念GMDSS是Globlemaitime Distressed Safety Sistem的缩写，即全球海上遇险和安全系统。
该系统是国际海事组织（IMO）改善旧的海上遇险与安全通信，建立新的搜救程序，并用来进一步完善海上常规通信的一整套综合系统.该系统自1992年2月1日起实施，它的主要功能是：保障遇险船舶能够使用多种手段及时、可靠地发出报警，并被搜救部门和其它船舶收到；保证畅通的搜救协调通信及救助现场通信；提供各种方式和手段预防海难事故的发生；为日常的公众通信服务；以及在航行时提供驾驶台的通信服务等。
1999年2月1日以后，所有国际航行和国内沿海航行船舶均应配备符合GMDSS系统所要求的设备。
实现GMDSS功能的设备包括卫星船站、数字选择呼叫终端（DSC）、窄带直接印字电报装置（NBDP）、中高频、甚高频遇险通信系统、海上安全报文播发系统及其接收设备（NAVTEX）、应急无线电示位标（EPIRB）、搜救雷达应答器（SART）、双向无线电话等。
数字选择性呼叫终端(DSC)数字选择性呼叫终端设备(DSC)必须是与中频、高频、甚高频收发信机结合起来使用，是MF/HF/VHF通信设备的一种终端，它具备遇险报警、遇险确认和遇险转播的功能，同时也具有选择性呼叫、值班守听和船舶查询等功能，DSC有三种类型，目前我们在渔业船舶配备的是：B型设备是一种简化设备，适用于中小型船舶装载要求，仅用于VHF和MF 波段；C型设备在VHF设备上附加一个DSC编解码器，工作在VHF70频道上，专用于发射/接受遇险报警。
二、GMDSS系统的法规要求和功能（一）GMDSS系统的法规要求：我国根据《1977年国际渔船安全公约》的《1993年协议书》规定：对等于、大于和小于45米在A1、A2、A3、A4不同航区航行的船舶，安全通信设备的配备均有不同要求。
GMDSS之基础知识Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) 全球海上遇险与安全系统是国际海事组织 (IMO)利⽤现代化的通信技术改善海上遇险与安全通信 ,建⽴新的海上搜救通信程序 ,并⽤来进⼀步完善现⾏常规海上通信的综合的全球性的通信搜救⽹络.本期我们将简要介绍GMDSS系统中相关设备知识点，后期将为⼤家带来有关GMDSS公约要求和PSC检查要点。
GMDSS的设备包括卫星船站、数字选择呼叫终端（DSC）、窄带直接印字电报装置（NBDP）、中⾼频（MF/HF）、甚⾼频（VHF）遇险通信系统、海上安全报⽂播发系统及其接收设备（NAVTEX）、应急⽆线电⽰位标（EPIRB）、搜救雷达应答器（SART）、双向⽆线电话等。
GMDSS所包含的设备GMDSSCOMMUNICATION WAYSSea Areas海区按照1974年SOLAS公约规定，船舶⽆线电是根据其吨位⽽配备的，⽽在GMDSS新系统中，船舶⽆线电设备的配备是根据船舶航⾏的海区来确定的，因⽽在GMDSS中明确规定了四个海区。
船舶应满⾜其所航⾏海区的要求。
例如：欧洲GMDSS海区A1 - Basically within VHF Coast Station range.A2 - Basically within MF Coast Station range.A3 - Ocean areas within INMARSAT coverage - below 70 degrees N Latitude and above 70 degrees S Latitude. Most ships will operate in Sea Area A3.A4 - Out of INMARSAT coverage area -above 70 degrees N Latitude and below 70 degrees S Latitude. These ships must be equipped with a HF DSC and NBDP installation.VHF/MF/HFVHF（Very high frequency）甚⾼频是指频带由30 MHz 到 300 MHz的⽆线电电波。
IMO international maritime organization 国际海事组织contracting government 缔约国政府GMDSS: global maritime distress and safety system全球海上遇险和安全系统distress alert 遇险报警locating 寻位positioning 示位UTC: co-ordinated universal time世界协调时SART: search and rescue radar transponder 搜救雷达应答器SAR co-ordinating communications搜救协调通信RCC: rescue co-ordination center 救助协调中心bridge-to-bridge communication驾驶台对驾驶台通信MSI: maritime safety information海上安全信息AMVER: automated mutual-assistance vessel rescue system商船自动互救系统（美国）S- EPIRB: satellite emergency position indicating radio beacon卫星紧急无线电示位标VHF: very high frequency甚高频MF: medium frequency 中频HF: high frequency高频NA VTEX: navigational telex 航行电传DSC: digital selective calling数字选择呼叫CCIR：consultative committee of international radio geostationary satellite 静止卫星INMARSAT: international maritime satellite organization国际海事卫星组织EGC enhanced group calling 增强群呼系统ITU: the international telecommunication unionW ARC: world administrative radio conferenceGOC: general operator’s certificate 通用操作员NOC: network operation Centre网络操作中心AOR-W: Atlantic ocean region west 大西洋西区AOR-E: Atlantic ocean region east 大西洋东区IOR: Indian ocean region 印度洋区POR: pacific ocean region 太平洋区space segment 空间段NCC network control center网络控制中心(教材NOC network operations center )NCS: network co ordination station 网络协调站earth station 地球站CES: coast earth station海岸地球站SES: ship earth station 船舶地球站MES: mobile earth station移动地球站，船舶地球站LMES: land mobile earth station陆地移动地球站AES: aircraft earth stations 飞机地球站IMN: INMARSAT mobile number 国际海事卫星移动号码maritime distress channel 海上遇险信道distress /urgency /safety /routine priority遇险优先级/紧急优先级/安全优先级/日常优先级ADE: above deck equipment舱外设备，甲板上设备BDE: below deck equipment舱内设备，甲板下设备DTE: data terminal equipment 数据终端设备WX: weather fax 气象传真机COSPAS: space system for search of distress vessel搜寻遇险船舶空间系统SARSAT: search and rescue satellite-aided tracking卫星搜救跟踪系统COSPAS SARSAT system低极轨道搜救卫星系统terrestrial communication system地面通信系统SSB RT: single side band radiotelephone 单边带无线电话NBDP : narrow band direct printing 窄带直接打印forward error correcting mode 前向纠错方式distress signal (由MAYDAY词语组成的信号) 遇险信号urgency signal(PANPAN字样组成的信号)紧急信号safety signal（securite）安全信号simplex operation 单工操作duplex operation 双工操作NA V AREA : navigation area 航警区域ETO: electro-technical officerSCADA: supervisory control and data acquisition数据采集与监控系统PSDN: public switched data networkPSTN: public switched telephone networkISDN: integrated services digital network 综合业务数字网RTCM: radio technical commission for maritime service SPC: stored program controlNOAA: national oceanic and atmospheric administration FM: frequency modulationWLC: wired logic controlROM: read-only memoryCCIR: Consultative Committee of International Radio国际无线电咨询委员会CCR: cargo control roomMCC: Mission Control Center。
GMDSS实习报告五洲1号轮实习三副：李二权GMDSS是Global Maritime Distress and Safety System的缩写。
由两大部分组成：包括MF HF VHF系统在内的地面通信系统，和包括INMARSAT和COSPAS-SARSAT 在内的卫星系统。
GMDSS的主要功能有：遇险报警、搜救协调通信、搜救现场通信、救助现场寻位、海上安全信息（MSI）的播发、常规通信和驾驶台对驾驶台的通信。
GMDSS划分为四个航区：A1航区---指以岸台为中心，VHF海岸电台覆盖区域，约30海里半径；A2航区---不包括A1航区，以岸台为中心，MF海岸电台覆盖区域，约150海里半径；A3---不包括A1和A2航区，INMARSAT同频卫星覆盖区域，一般指南北纬70度以内的海区范围；A4---A1、A2、A3以外区域，即南北纬70度以外至两极的范围。
GMDSS要求船舶应配备的基本设备有：一、INMARSAT A标准船站和C标准船站，C站应包括EGC功能，此外还有1.6GHZ EPIRB；二、COSPAS-SARSAT系统中的406MHZ EPIRB；三、MF/HF收发信机，单边带（SSB）无线电话；窄带印字电报(NBDP)；数字选择性呼叫(DSC)设备；NA VTEX接收机；VHF无线电话；VHF双向无线电话。
四、现场救助寻位系统中的9GHZ雷达应答器(SART)。
以上设备根据航区不同作对应选择。
其中有五种设备是每个航区都必须配备的：1.VHF无线电话，包括DSC 报警和70信道DSC的连续值守设备。
2.406MHZ或 1.6GHZ EPIRB。
3.NA VTEX接收机，无NA VTEX业务航区，可配备一台INMARSAT EGC设备，或仅有HF NBDP播发海上安全信息的配备HF NBDP设备。
4.9GHZ雷达应答器。
5.救生艇上使用的VHF 双向无线电话，工作于16频道和另一个频道。
另外在1999年2月1日之前还应配备2182KHZ 无线电话收发信机，能接收和发射无线电话的双音报警信号。
The basic concept of the GMDSS is that search and rescue authorities ashore, as well as shipping in the immediate vicinity of the ship in distress, will be rapidly alerted to a distress incident so that they can assist in a co-ordinate SAR operation with the minimum delay.Search and RescueThe International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue , 1979 , as amended in 1998 and 2004 , give the arrangements for the provision and co-ordination of Search and Rescue services . Parties to the Convention are required , either individually or in co-operation with other states , to establish the following basic elements of a Search and Rescue service :●Legal framework●Assignment of responsible authority●Organization of available resources●Communication facilities●Co-ordination and operational functions●Processes to improve the service , including planning , domestic andinternational co-operative relationships and training .To help support Search and Rescue services , Parties are required to establish and agree Search and Rescue regions . IMO and the International Civil Aviation Organization ( ICAO ) co-ordinate member States arrangements with the aim of providing an effective world-wide system so that , wherever people sail or fly , SAR services will be available if needed . The current status of global Search and Rescue regions is known on the maps .IMO and ICAO have jointly developed the International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue Manual ( IAMSAR Manual ) to assist states in meeting their SAR obligations . Volume Ⅰdeals with Organization and Management , Volume Ⅱwith Mission co-ordination and Volume Ⅲwith Mobile Facilities , ships are required to carry Volume Ⅲunder regulation Ⅴ/ 21 of SOLAS .●GMDSS : Global Maritime Distress and Safety System●IMO : the International Maritime Organization●SAR : Safety Analysis Report●ICAO : the International Civil Aviation Organization●IAMSAR Manual : the International Aeronautical and Maritime Searchand Rescue ManualTranslation:搜寻救助在1998年和2004年再度修正的《1979年国际海上搜寻救助公约》对规范、协调海上搜寻救助服务进行了调整。
SMS：安全管理体系DOC：公司安全管理体系"符合证明"SMC：船舶"安全管理证书"SOPEP：船舶油污应急计划GMDSS：全球海上遇险和安全系统ISPS CODE:：INTERNATIONAL CODE FOR THE SECURITY OF SHIP AND OF PORT FACILITIES:国际船舶和港口设施保安规则RSO:：RECOGNIZED SECURITY ORGANIZATION :经认可的保安组织CSO：COMPANY SECURITY OFFICER 公司保安员SSO：SHIP SECURITY OFFICER 船舶保安员SSP：SHIP SECURITY PLAN 船舶保安计划SSA：SHIP SECURITY ASSESSMENT 船舶安全评估PFSO：PORT FACILITY SECURITY OFFICER 港口设施保安员DOS：DECLARATION OF SECURITY 保安声明CSR：CONTINUOUS SYNOPSIS RECORD 连续概要记录SSAS：SHIP SECURITY ALERT SYSTEM 船舶保安警报系统ISSC：INTERNATIONAL SHIP SECURITY CERTIFICATE国际船舶保安证书EEBDEMERGENCY ESCAPE BREATHING DEVICE 紧急逃生呼吸装置GMDSS：GLOBAL MARITIME DISTRESS SAFETY SYSTEM 全球海上遇险与安全系统NAVTEX：NAVIGATION TELEPRINTER 航行警告接收机EPIRB：EMERGENCY POSITION IDENTIFICATION RADIO BEACON>应急无线电示位标PSCO：港口国监督检查官AIS：船舶自动识别系统SOLAS74：1974年国际海上人命安全公约STCW CODE：国际海员培训、发证、值班规则STCW78/95：国际海员培训、发证、值班标准公约AS/SS：年检/特检ISM CODE：国际安全管理规则CP-10：船舶和设备的维护程序IMO/ILO：国际海事组织/国际劳工组织MSA/LSA：INTERNATIONAL LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCE CODE 海事局/国际救生设备D.P：指定人员MARPOL73/78：经78年议定书修正的73年国际防止船舶污染公约PSC：港口国监督FSC：船BC CODE：散货规则GRAIN CODE：谷物规则IBC CODE：散装化学品规则。
GMDSS听力评估：共分三个部分，评估时间60分钟，分数100分，及格分59.5分，具体要求如下：1、第一题为国际信号码的抄收（共20分，5分钟），题干为20组信号码连续播放，每组由5个国际信号码英文字母和数字混合组成（即考生需写出100个字母和数字），每组中有1个字符错误则扣1分，20组中有错误6组（含6组）以上者，20分全扣；要求软件设置：输入框设置成5个字符一个，考生输完一个后光标自动跳到下一个输入框，共20个输入框；输入完毕后可以保存，在保存前后考生均可进行修改；评判时，按照标准答案字母和数字的顺序完全正确者方可得分，顺序不正确也不得分。
2、第二题为数字、标准单位及关键词组的抄收（共30分，25分钟），题干类似于海船英语口语评估中的问答题，考生根据听到的内容回答问题，不过是用键盘将答案输入，其答案为大纲要求的数字、标准单位和关键词组；（题量设置：共20道题，每题1.5分（或共20道题，单句问答题10道，每题1分；对话问答题10道每题2分）；）要求每道题下有一个输入框，可进行修改、保存操作；此部分要求人工评判。
3、第三题为听力短文选择（共50分，30分钟），试题设置与海船英语评估相同，共4篇短文，每个短文下有5个问题，每题2.5分，自动评判。
GMDSS口述评估：共分两个部分，评估时间不超过10分钟，分数100分，及格分60分，具体要求如下：1、自述（共50分，3分钟），仅1道题，考生根据试题要求进行口述录音，要求与海船英语评估的口述题完全一样，人工评判。
2、回答问题（共50分，2分钟），共10题，每题5分；要求与海船英语评估中的问答题完全一样，人工评判。
说明：该项目总的评估时间为10分钟，具体到各题中的时间不做要求，上列各题时间是规范规定时间。
GMDSS键盘输入实操评估：时间5分钟，评估成绩为及格或不及格；考生对英文短文进行输入，录入速度可用短文长短来控制，在规定时间内录完短文者，说明录入速度满足要求，然后再进行差错率的评判，要求软件可以在规定时间内自动强制考生交卷，交卷后评判差错率，差错率小于等于3%判为及格，否则不及格；要求软件可对英文、数字、英文大小写、常用标点符号、特殊符号、键盘控制符号进行输入和评判区分，根据原文进行自动评判。
GMDSS中常用缩写词GMDSS就是全球海上遇险与安全系统（是global maritime distress and safety sysen的缩写）GMDSS-相关条目GMDSS中常用缩写词AAIC Accounting Authority Identification Code 计费机构识别码AIS Automatic Identification System 自动识别系统AOR-E/W Atlantic Ocean Region-East/West大西洋东/西区ARQ Automatic Repletion Request 自动请求重复CCIR Consultative Committee of International Radio 国际无线电咨询委员会CES Coast Earth Station 海岸地球站COSPAS Space System for Search if Distress Vessels 搜救遇险船舶空间站DGPS Differential Global Position System 差分群求定位系统DSC Digital Selective Calling 数字选择性呼叫EGC Enhance Group Calling增强群呼EPIRB Emergency Position Indication Radio Beacon 紧急无线电示位标ES Earth Station地球站ETA Estimated Time of Arrival预计抵达时间ETD Estimated Time of Departure预计离港时间FEC Forward Error Correction前向纠错GMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Safety System全球海上遇险与安全系统GPS Global Position System 全球定位系统HF High Frequency 高频ID Identity code 识别码IMN Inmarsat Mobile Number 卫星移动识别码INMARSAT International Maritime(Mobile) Satellite Organization 国际海事（移动）卫星组织IOR International Mobile Region 印度洋区ISDN Integrated Service Digital Network综合业务数字网LES Land Earth Station 陆地地球站MCC Mission Earth Station任务控制中心MES Mobile Earth Station移动地球站MF Medium Frequency 中频MMSI Maritime Mobile Service Identify 海上移动业务识别MPDS Mobile Packet Data Service移动数据分组业务MSI Maritime Safety Information 还上安全信息NBDP Narrow Band Direct Printing T elegraph Equipment 窄带直接印字电报业务NCC Network Coordination Center网络协调中心NCS Network Coordination Station网络协调站NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 国家海洋和大气管理局OSC On-scene Commander现场指挥者POR Pacific Ocean Region太平洋区PDTN Public Switched Telephone Network 公众电话交换网RCC Rescue Coordinating Center 搜救协调中心RT Radio Telephone无线电话SAR Search And Rescue搜寻与救助SARSAT Search and Rescue Satellite Aided Tracking 搜救卫星救助跟踪系统SES Ship Earth Station船舶地球站SIM Subscriber Identity Module 用户识别卡SOLAS International Convention for the Safety of Life At SeaSSB Single Side Band 单边带STCW International Convention on Standards of Training,Certification watch for Seafarers国际海员培训、发证和值班标准公约UDI Unrestricted Digital Information 非限制性数字信息USCG United States Coast Guard美国海岸警卫队VHF Very High FrequencyOn-scene communication 现场通讯[分享]新科GPS常见短语-－雅信CAT略加调整就可导入1 PPM [GPS]分脉冲1 PPS [GPS]秒脉冲2D [GPS]二维定位3D [GPS]三维定位A/D [GPS]模拟/数字信号转换A/J [GPS]反人为干扰ADF [GPS]自动定向仪ADOP [GPS]姿态精度因子AE [GPS]天线电子学AFB [GPS]美国空军基地AFI [GPS]自动错误显示AFS [GPS]空间站AHRS [GPS]姿态方向参考系统AIMS [GPS]空中交通监控雷达信标系统敌我识别标志XII系统AOC [GPS]辅助输出芯片AOPA [GPS]飞机所有者及飞行员协会AS [GPS]反电子欺骗ASIC [GPS]特殊应用集成电路ATC [GPS]空中交通控制ATE [GPS]自动测试仪器ATIS [GPS]自动终端信息服务ATRCC [GPS]空中航线交通控制中心AMV [GPS]自动磁偏角AVLN [GPS]车辆自主定位和导航系统AWG [GPS]美国线规BCD [GPS]二进制BIPM [GPS]国际度量衡局BIT [GPS]内置测试BNC [GPS]同轴电缆接插件BPSK [GPS]双相移键控BRG [GPS]方位角(从当前位置到目的地的方向)C/A code [GPS]粗捕获码CAD [GPS]计算机辅助设计CADD [GPS]计算机辅助设计设备CDI [GPS]航线偏航指示CDMA [GPS]码分多址CDU [GPS]控制显示单元CEP [GPS]循环可能误差CMG [GPS]从起点到当前位置的方位CMOS [GPS]补充金属氧化物半导体COG [GPS]对地运动方向CRPA [GPS]受控辐射天线CTS [GPS]到目的地的最佳行驶方向CTR [GPS]临界温度电阻器CVR [GPS]飞行语音记录器CW [GPS]连续波DAC [GPS]模拟/数字信号转换器DB [GPS]分贝DGPS [GPS]差分GPSDLM [GPS]数据装载模块DLR [GPS]数据装载接收器DLS [GPS]数据装载系统DMA [GPS]国防制图局DME [GPS]测距设备DoD [GPS]美国国防部DOP [GPS]精度因子DRMS [GPS]二维均方根DRS [GPS]推测航行系统DSP [GPS]数字信号处理DT&E [GPS]测试评估发展DTK [GPS]期望航向(从起点到终点的路线ECEF [GPS]地固地心直角坐标系ECP [GPS]工程更改建议EDM [GPS]电子测距EFIS [GPS]电子飞行仪器系统EM [GPS]电磁EMCON [GPS]发射控制EPE [GPS]估计位置误差ESGN [GPS]电子陀螺导航仪ETA [GPS]估计到达时间ETE [GPS]估计在途时间(已当前速度计算) FAA [GPS]（美国）联邦航空局FCC [GPS]（美国）联邦通信委员会FDAU [GPS]飞行数据采集系统FDR [GPS]飞行数据记录器FGCS [GPS]美国联邦大地测量管制委员会FPL [GPS]飞行计划FRPA [GPS]固定发射天线FSS [GPS]飞点扫描设备GaAs [GPS]镓砷化物GDOP [GPS]几何精度衰减因子GMDSS [GPS]全球海上安全救助系统GMT [GPS]格林威治时间GPS [GPS]全球定位系统HAI [GPS]世界直升机协会HAMC [GPS]哈尔滨飞机制造厂HDOP [GPS]水平精度因子HQ USAF [GPS]美国空军总部HIS [GPS]水平位置指示HV [GPS]主机ICAO [GPS]国际民航组织ICD [GPS]界面控制文件ICS [GPS]内部通信联络系统IF [GPS]中频IFF [GPS]敌我识别IFR [GPS]红外的，红外线IFR [GPS]仪表飞行规则I-Level [GPS]中间层ILS [GPS]仪表着陆系统INMARSAT [GPS]国际海事卫星组织INS [GPS]惯性导航系统I/O [GPS] 界面接口选项Input/Output [GPS]输入/输出ION [GPS]导航协会IOT&E [GPS]原始操作测试和评估IP [GPS]仪器使用端口ITS [GPS]中间层测试ITU [GPS]国际电信联合会J/S [GPS]信号干扰比JTIDS [GPS]联合战术信息发布系统KHz [GPS]千赫L1 [GPS]GPS信号频率之一（1575.42 MHz）L2 [GPS]GPS信号频率之一（1227.6 MHz）LAAS [GPS]局域增强系统Lb [GPS]磅LCD [GPS]液晶显示器LEP [GPS]线性误差LO [GPS]本机振荡器LORAN [GPS] 罗兰导航系统LRIP [GPS]小批量试生产LRU [GPS]线性可替代单元M/S [GPS]米/秒MCS [GPS]主控站MCT [GPS]平均矫正时间MHz [GPS]兆赫MaxCT [GPS]最大矫正时间MSA [GPS]最低安全高度MSL [GPS] 公海平面Mean Sea Level [GPS]平均海拔MTBF [GPS]平均无故障时间MTBM [GPS]平均保持时间NASA [GPS]美国国家航空航天局NAVSTAR [GPS]导航卫星测时测距NBAA [GPS]美国国家公务航空协会NDB [GPS]无向信标NMEA [GPS](美国)国家航海电子协会NMEA 0183 [GPS]GPS接收机和其他航海电子产品的数据输出格式NOSC [GPS]海军系统中心NRL [GPS]海军研究实验室NS [GPS] 纳秒NSA [GPS]国家安全局NTDS [GPS]海军战术数据系统NTS [GPS]导航技术卫星OCS [GPS]操作控制系统PCMCIA [GPS] 个人计算机存储卡国际协会PDOP [GPS]位置精度衰减因子PPM [GPS]百万分之一PPS [GPS] 精密定位服务PRN [GPS]伪随机噪声PVT [GPS]位置速度和时间RAIM [GPS]接收机自动完好监视RAM [GPS]可靠性和可维护性RCVR [GPS]接收机RF [GPS]射频RMS [GPS]均方根RTCA [GPS]航空无线电技术委员会RTCM [GPS] 航海无线电技术委员会，差分信号格式RTD [GPS]实时差分RTK [GPS]实时动态RX [GPS]接收SA [GPS]选择可用性SAMSO [GPS]空间导弹系统机构SEP [GPS]球概率误差SID [GPS](通常由太阳引起的)电离层突然骚动SIL [GPS]系统集成实验室SPI [GPS]特殊位置标识SPS [GPS] 标准定位服务SPSP [GPS]扩频SSB [GPS]单边带STDCDU:STanDard CDU [GPS]标准控制显示单元TACAN [GPS]空战导航TAI [GPS]国际原子时间TCAS [GPS]交通避免碰撞系统TDOP [GPS]时间精度衰减因子TRK [GPS] 航向TTFF [GPS]首次定位时间TTR [GPS]目标跟踪雷达TX [GPS]发射UE [GPS]用户设备UHF [GPS]超高频USNO [GPS]美国海军天文台UTC [GPS]世界协调时间VDOP [GPS]高程精度衰减因子VFR [GPS]目视飞行规则VHF [GPS]甚高频VHSIC [GPS]超高速集成电路VLSIC [GPS]超大规模集成电路VMG [GPS]沿计划航线上的航速VNAV [GPS]高程导航VOR [GPS]甚高频全向信标VOX [GPS] 音控传输WAAS [GPS]广域差分系统WGS-84 [GPS]1984年世界大地坐标系，一种坐标格式WMS [GPS] 广域主控站WRS [GPS] 广域流动站XTE [GPS]偏航距YPG [GPS]尤马实验场。
GMDSS英语题汇编1. GMDSS moved to full effect by 1 Feb____A 2002B 1999C 1992D 20002.The GMDSS defines____sea areas based on the location and capability of shore based communication facilities.A ThreeB sixC fiveD four3. This certificate will remain in force until July 1st, 2003. _____.B This sentence refers to the time of the certificateC This sentence refers to the date of the certificateD This sentence refers to the issue of the certificate4. We ___the distress signal on our own radio before the shore station relayed it to us.A received alreadyB have receivedC had receivedD were receiving5. Utopia asked for tug assistance because she _____.A run agroundB is running agroundC was agroundD is aground6. Traditional terrestrial techniques can _____.A help the radio system to overcome its basic flawsB improve the world communications with the help of satellite anddigital techniquesC not perfect the existing radio systemD B and C7.During a _____ period, as a newly commissioned SES, your IMN will be past to the other CESs.A 20-hourB 12-hourC 24-minuteD 24-hour8.The quality of the message can be affected by_____A climaticB sunshineC Human beingsD Both A and B9.Satellite communication_____terrestrial radio communication.A is more advanced thanB has more advantages thanC is superior toD all of above10.A ship station on receiving a shore-to-ship distress alert should_____.A keep silenceB interfere with such communicationC establish communication as directed and render such assistance as isrequired and appropriateD refuse communication as directed and render such assistance as isrequired and appropriate11 .There are_____NAVAREAs designated by IHO and IMO all over the world.A 13B 4C 16D 1212.The INMARSAT system provides the coverage of_____A area A4B area A1+A2C area A3D area A1+A2+A313. Which of the following is not a DSC distress alert frequency?A 2187.5KHZB 2182KHZC 8414.5KHZD 4207.5KHZ14. A SOLAS vessels should be able to communicate with shore stations_____A at any time and from any locationB either in case of distress and exchange of informationC in major ocean regions and at regular timesD A and B15 .The abbreviation MERSAR means_____A Merchant SOLAS and Radio SystemB Merchant ship Search and Rescue ManualC Marine Rescue and Search RadarD Maritime Engine Rescue Standard16 .In GMDSS,the distress or safety message will be picked up by_____if it is sent using HF,INMARSAT or the COSPAS-SARSAT system.A shipsB shore stationsC both ships and shore stationsD either ships or shore stations17.Ship which operate in area A4 will have to carry_____A HF equipmentB MF,VHF equipment and SESC INMARSAT equipmentD EGC receiver18. On-scene communications will be between _____ and _____.A the ship in distress/SARB the ship in distress/RCCC the ship in distress/vessel in vicinityD the ship in distress/assisting units19. International SafetyNet and NAVTEX Services promulgate MSI by means of ___A FEC and ARQB satellite and terrestrial communicationsC radio and telexD NBDP20. Where are INMARSAT satellite located?A Atlantic OceanB Pacific OceanC India OceanD All of above21. What can’t existing system overcome?A A lot of basic flawsB Traditional techniquesC Terrestrial techniquesD None of above23. For most people, what are satellites used for?A TelevisionB EntertainmentC NavigationD A & B24. What are satellites used for by IMO?A Maritime communicationB World communicationC Shore communicationD Entertainment25. What is international NAVTEX based on?A Terrestrial techniqueB NBDP techniqueC SatelliteD Digital technique26. What may damage EPIRB on board according to the passage?A Sea sprayB ChemicalsC Exhaust and vibrationD All of above27. What should the mounting place of EPIRB be suitable for?A testingB MaintenanceC CommissioningD A & B28. Who will receive the distress of safety message sent by COSPAS-SARSAT system?A Shore stationB Coast earth stationC Ship earth stationD EPIRB29. Sea area A2 is an area within the coverage of at least one MF coast station. Normally the range of it is____nm.A 20 to 30B 150C 65D 8030. The position of the POR satellite in the Inmarsat system is____above the equator.A 55.5B 64.5C 15.5D 17831. The meaning of RCC is____.A Rescue Control CentreB Receive Company CableC Rescue Coordination CentreD Remain Course Continuously32. A NAVTEX receiver receives MSI broadcast from____.A NAVTEX stationB RCCsC NCCsD SafetyNET service33. For locating the ship in distress, the SAR party will make use of____by starting 9GHz shipborne or airborne radars.A DSCB SARTC EPIRBD NBDP34. SOLAS vessels are able to communicate with shore stations____.A No matter where they are and what the time it isB In major oceans and at scheduled timeC At regular times everydayD From some fixed position.35. The INMARSAT system has five major components, they are____.A Space Segment, NCC, RCC, SES and CESB Space Segment, a satellite system,C system, NCC and NCSC Space Segment, NCC,NCS, CES and SESD A system, C system, satellite system, earth stations, and NCS36. Any radio communication service which is used for the safeguarding of human life and property, whether permanently or temporarily, is a____service.A PublicB radioC safetyD emergency37. A mobile earth station in the maritime mobile-satllite service, which is located on board ship,is called____.A an LESB an SESC a ship stationD a Land Mobile Station38. ____is the center of the frequency band assigned to a station.A Assigned frequencyB working frequencyC MF bandD distress frequency39. ____is a space system using one or more artificial earth satellites.A satellite networkB satellite linkC INMARSATD satellite system40. General communications____A concern the management and operation of the shipB may affect the safety of the shipC are between ship station and shore-based communication networkD A,B and C41. ____receive MSI via INMARSAT SafetyNet service within the INMARSAT coverage.A a NAVTEX receiverB an EGC receiverC a MF/HF radioD a VHF R/T42. The NCC is located in the____.A IMO Headquarters in LondonB Inmarsat Headquarters building in LondonC Western European Maritime OrganizationD International Maritime Safety Committee43. The Network Coordination Station for the INMARSAT-A coast station in the Pacific ocean region is in____.A Yamaguchi, JapanB Beijing, ChinaC Nakhodka, RussiaD Perth, Australia44. There are____ NCSs in total, one in each ocean region, the AOR(E and W), IOR and POR.A 3B 2C 1D 445. Mariners should pay much attention in the overlapped area owing to____.A complicated circumstancesB changeable atmosphere pressureC large density of trafficD some strong signals from unwanted satellite46. There is actually an overlap of____,ocean regions somewhere in Western European Waters.A as many as threeB more than twoC less than twoD up to four47. The requirement of shipborn communications equipment vary according tothe____.A type of the shipB cargo which the ship loads on boardC tonnage of the shipD area (or areas) in which the ship operates答案 D48. The chapter IV of SOLAS Convention is about____.A maritime radio-communicationB navigational regulationsC terms and definitionsD GMDSS instructions答案 A49. On receipt of a distress alert, the SAR unit ashore and at sea will____soonest.A coordinate in rescue operationsB send rescue vesselsC reach the distress area at onceD conduct a sector search答案 A50. A distress alert can be relayed from an RCC by____.A major coast stationsB satellite and terrestrial communicationsC MF/HF and VHF stationsD COSPAS-SARSAT答案 B51. Any ships fitted with SES can____and____through the satellite system when sending a distress alert.A enter the system/ contact an RCCB access to INMATSAT/ establish contact with a CESC have absolute priority to enter the system/ make contact with a CESD enter the system gradually/ wait for rescue答案 C52. It is quite____for an SES operator to send a distress alert.A easy and expensiveB simple and certainC dangerous and stableD difficult and compulsory答案 B53. ____is designed to give an automatic distress signal when a ship sink suddenly.A A lifeboatB A Survival craftC An EPIRBD A SART答案 C54. When TRON-30S S-EPIRB is____,the auto-transmitting will stare.A put into water in the upright positionB switch on by the operatorC stored in an inverted positionD mounted up on the ship答案 A55. The training of the GMDSS operators should be in accordance with____A SOLAS 88B STCW 95C IMO AssemblyD WARC答案 B56. SOLAS ships should keep a continuous listening watch on____.A CH 16B 2182 KHzC 121.5 MHzD CH 70答案 D57. There are____operational satellites in the INMARSAT system covering the whole globe except the polar regions.A 3B 4C 8D 12答案 B58. The maritime access code for the POR is____in INMATSAT-A Telex Service.A 581B 582C 58D 584答案 B59. The maritime access code for the IOR____ in INMATSAT-A Telex Service.A 581B 582C 583D 584答案 C60. The maritime access code for the AOR-E is____ in INMATSAT-A Telex Service.A 581B 582C 583D 584答案 A61. The maritime access code for the AOR-W is____ in INMATSAT-A Telex Service.A 581B 582C 583D 584答案 D62. The world’s first communication satellite, Telstar, was put into orbit in____.A 1962B 1960C 1957D 1975答案 A63. The existing terrestrial radio system has a number of basic flaws which____.A can be overcome by using traditional techniquesB cannot be overcome by satellite systemC can be overcome by satellite and digital techniquesD cannot be tackled by any modern system答案 C64. General radio communication in the global system are thosebetween____concerning the management and operation of the ships and may have impact on their safety.A SAR party and the ship in distressB SAR authorities and the ship in distress and survival craftC a ship station and any coast stationD ship station and shore-based communication work答案 D65. Distress traffic consists of all message relating to the immediate assistance required by the ship in distress,including search and rescue communications and signals for locating.____are also distress traffic according to this passageA routine trafficB VHF callingC ships for locatingD any signals答案 C66. the word “shipping” here means____A a shipB shipping companiesC ship in navigationD shipping industry答案 C67. Why do some station keep silence?A becasure they are not engaged in the distress trafficB they will affect the transmission of the distress trafficC the powers of these station are very weakD they are not in charge of search and rescue答案 B68. Which of the following has the same meaning as the ph rase”relating to” in the passage?A owing toB such asC concerningD for example答案 C69. The auto-operation of Tron-30s S-EPIRB is mainly controlled by____A the mercury switchB battery unitC its switch on the topD its environmental conditions答案 A70. The transmission of the beacon will start____A when it is in water in the inverted positionB as soon as it is put into water in the upright positionC after it is out of waterD until it is in water of some depth答案 B71. Radio system____ about 100years agoA came into use at seaB saved the ships in distressC has been used by marinersD was greatly improved答案 A72. In the GMDSS,Maritime Safety Information broadcast will be made on two dedicated system providing near-continuous automated reception on board ships ,they are____.A INMARSAT SafetyNet Service and NAVTEXB SafetyNet Service and COSPAS-SARSATC DSC system and Navigation Warning ServiceD MF/HF radiotelephone with NBDP and EGC Service答案 A73. To establish a communication channel for the telex service in the INMARSAT-A terminal, you should first____.A establish a communication channel from the CES, via the International Telex Network to the final destinationB set up a communication channel from the SES, via a satellite, to a CES within your ocean regionC set up a channel directly to the addressee at the destinationD establish a channel from your terminal, via the International Telex Network to a CES within your ocean region答案 B74. For ship-to shore distress alerts ,you can use____.A INMARSAT,EPIRB and DSCB NAVTEX, NBDP and R/TC INMARSAT, VHF and SARTD EPIRB. DSC and radar答案 A75. The satellites over the major ocean regions cover the globe____.A beside the polar regionsB including the North Pole and the South PoleC above 76N and below 76SD as far north and south 76答案 D76. There are some back-up satellites in the event of failure. If the operational satellite is out of work____.A communications in the whole system will stopB the global system will be damagedC the back-up one will take its placeD the whole system will not work答案 C77. Geostainary satellites are the artificial satellites which____.A always move slowlyB are in one place onlyC sometimes move and sometimes do notD synchronize with the movement of the earth答案 D78. A radio determination system based on the comparison of reference signals with radio signalsreflected, or retransmitted from the position to be determined, is ____.A DFB Radar SystemC DSC SystemD COSPAS-SARSAT答案 B79. IMN is an ____for an SES.A International Mobile NumberB INMARSAT Maritime NumberC obileINMARSAT M NumberD International Maritime Number答案 C80. Operating method in which transmission is possible simultaneously in both directions of a communication channel is called ____.A Duplex OperationB Simplex OperationC Auto-OperationD Two-way communication答案 A81. According to the basic concept of GMDSS. ____can be rapidly alerted to a distress incident.A only SAR authorities on landB all ships in a very large sea area.C the nearest coast stations and port radiosD the SAR authorities ashore as well as ships navigating in the vicinity of the casualty答案 D82. When receiving a distress, the SAR authorities ashore and the ships in the vicinity of the ship in distress will ____in a coordinated search and rescue operation with the minimum delay.A assistB send a rescue vesselC search the distress areaD reach the distress position at once答案 A83. For ships equipped with an SES, it is ____and____ for the operator to senda distress alert.A easy/reliableB simple/difficultC stable/compulsoryD cheap/slow答案 A84. ____communications are intership VHF radio telephone communications for the purposes of the safe movement of the ships.A SafetyB UrgentC Bridge-to-BridgeD Distress答案 C85. The maritime access code of telephone mode in INMARSAT-A terminal for the AOR(E) is ____.A 871B 872C 873D 874答案 A86. The maritime access code of telephone mode in INMARSAT-A terminal for the AOR(W) is ____.A 871B 872C 873D 874答案 D87. The maritime access code of telephone mode in INMARSAT-A terminal for the POR is ____.A 871B 872C 873D 874答案 B88. The maritime access code of telephone mode in INMARSAT-A terminal for the IOR is ____.A 871B 87C 873D 874答案 C89. When you have received GA+ from the CES for the INMARSAT-A telex communication, you should immediately select____ and ____ you required.A an CES/telex modeB an SES/telex serviceC the service/the subscriberD a satellite/an ocean region 答案 C90. COSPAS-SARSAT is primarily used for____.A improve communications in polar regionsB search and rescueC providing MSI to ship at seaD transmitting and receiving information答案 B91. SOLAS vessels should be able to communicate with shore stations____according to the SOLAS Convention.A in major ocean regions and at regular timesB in case of distressC at any time and from any locationD答案 C92. All complying vessels fitted with maritime VHF installations should maintain watch on ____.A 156.8 MHzB CH70C 2182 KHzD CH8答案 B93. Why should the SES operators be very careful when the ship enters the area where three ocean regions overlap? Because ____A the weather is always terribleB the condition there is complicatedC the signals are too strong may receive the signals from unwanted saD their SEStellite答案 D94. The auto-operation of Tron-30s S-EPIRB is mainly controlled by ____.A the switch on the top of itB the mercury switch in the battery unitC turning the switch “ON” or “OFF”D SES operators答案 B95. The EPIRB should be mounted ____, protected from harmful conditions.A at a regular place in the radio roomB anywhere on boardC at a higher place on the vesselD in one of the life-boats答案 C96. The auto-transmission of TRON-30s S-EPIRB will start ____.A when the switch is set to “ON”B until it is in water of some depthC when it is stored in an inverted positionD as soon as it is in water upright答案 D97. If the beacon is mounted at a wrong place, it may ____by sea water ,chemicals , exhaust and vibration .A be damagedB work normally regardless of harmful conditionsC not work though it is not in a bad conditionD both A and C答案 A98. Bridge-to-bridge communications are intership VHF radio-communications for the purpose of ____.A assisting the safe movement of shipsB assist the ship in distressC communicating with other stationsD obtaining MSI答案 A99. When receiving a distress alert, the SAR authorities ashore and the ships in the vicinity of the ship in distress will ____ soonest ..A reach the distress areaB conduct a sector searchC send rescue vesselsD assist coordinately in SAR operation答案 D100.Sea Area A2 is an area within the coverage of at least one ____.A VHF coast stationB MF coast stationC satelliteD RCC答案101. ____means rapid and successful reporting of a distress incident to a unit which can provide or coordinate assistance..A Distress messageB Distress AlertingC Safety CallingD Digital Selective Calling答案 B102. There are ____ for the mariners to receive SafetyNet messages.A some chargeB a few chargeC more expensiveD no charge答案 D103. With the help of GMDSS, ____ will be rapidly alerted to the distress incident.A the SAR authorities ashore.B the ships in the vicinity to the casualtyC the nearest coast stations and port radiosD A and B答案 D104. ____ allows the SAR party to locate the ship in distress by starting 9 GHz radar.A DSCB EGC C EPIRBD SART答案 D105. Within the area of INMARSAT coverage, ____receives MSI via SafetyNet service.A EGC receiverB NAVTEX receiverC VHF R/TD MF/HF radio telephone答案 A106. Every ship according to Chapter Ⅳ of SOLAS shall be provided with____A VHF radio installation capable of transmitting and receivingB radiotelephony on the frequencies 156.8MHZC radar transponder capable of operating in the 9GHZ bandD a ,b, c are all right答案 Dstowed that it can be____A easily operatedB easily switched onC easily readD easily utilized答案 D108. Every ship, while at sea ,shall, maintain a continuous watch on ____if the ship is fitted with an MF radio installation.A 2182KHZB 156.8MHZC 2187.5KHZD 2182.7KHZ答案 C108. When applicable, equipment shall be so constructed and installed that it is readily accessible for____and on-board maintenance purposesA requirementB readjustmentC elaborationD inspection答案 D109. The COSPAS-SARSAT system can provide distress alert to the appropriate authorities ____.A at seaB on landC in the airD anywhere in the world答案 D110. On-scene communications are between the ____.A ship station and the coast stationB SAR party and the ship in distressC RCC and SAR partiesD ship in distress and the SAR authorities ashore答案 B111. The INMARSAT SES operator can choose the most suitable CES according to ____.A his service and positionB time and courseC tide and speedD type of his ship答案 A112. A radio link between a transmitting earth station and a receiving earth station through one satellite is named a ____.A Radio LinkB Space SegmentC Satellite linkD Upper link 答案 C113. There is actually an overlapped area of ____ ocean regions somewhere in Western European Water.A twoB threeC more than twoD more than three答案 B114. COSPAS-SARSAT comprises____-A several near polar-orbiting satellites and a network of land-based earth stationsB a station and an earth stationC a lot of station and an earth stationD答案 A115.A radio link between a transmitting earth station and a receiving earth station through one station ,which comprises one up-link and down-ling , is called____A satellite networkB communication linkC satellite linkD INMARSAT答案 C116. Without permission of ____a ship earth station cannot enter the system.A ITUB IMOC INMARSATD the nearest CES答案 C117. DSC distress acknowledgements are normally transmitted by ____in respond to a received DSC distress call.A SESB CESC NCSD NCC答案 B118. A station in the mobile service the emissions of which are intended to facilitate search and rescue operations is____A EPIRB B SARTC Mobile StationD Distress Alerting119. Please use ____for ____A English/all distress communicationsB Chinese/some distress callsC the language decided by Administrations/all distress callsD Japanese/some distress alerts答案 A120. Traditional,terrestrial techniques can ____A help the radio system to overcome its basic flawsB improve the word communications with the help of satellite and digital techniquesC not perfect the existing radio systemD B and C答案 d121. During a ____period , as a newly commissioned SES, your IMN will be past to the other CESsA 20 hoursB 12 hoursC 24 minutesD 24 hours答案 D122.For tron-30s S-EPIRB , transmission will be automatically stop when____A the EPIRB is in upright positionB the ship is sunkC the beacon is lifted out of waterD it is put into water答案 C123. A distress alter can be relay from an RCC by ____A terrestrial systems using appropriate frequenciesB satellite communication to SESsC any major CES and SESD both A and B124. An SES can be used ____A as soon as it has been properly installed on boardB before it was commissioningC after successful commissioningD on the scheduled date答案 C125. The system for the broadcast and automatic reception of MSI by means of NBDP is ____A VHFB SESC EGCD NAVTEX答案 D126. sea area A3 is an area within the coverage of ____in which continuous alerting availableA VHF stationsB MF/HF stationsC radio stationsD INMARSAT stations127. The satellite and support facilities operated by INMASAT are basedon____operational regionA 3B 4C 2D 5答案 B128. An area call will be normally transmitted by an RCC to relay a distress call so that ____A all ship in a large sea area will receive the relayed distress callB other ships will not enter the distress areaC only those ships near the distress incident are alteredD those ships can identify the ship in distress答案 C129. COSPAS-SARSAT is the international satellite system____A just as the same sa INMARSAT systemB for search and rescueC for improve the communications in the polar regionsD for transmitting useful MSI to shipping答案 B130. COSPAS-SARSAT provides distress alters and location information to appropriate rescue authorities,____ for____in distressA over all major ocean regions\all shipB in the polar regions\some shipsC below the north pole and above the south pole\ocean-going shipsD anywhere in the word\maritime, aviation and land system users答案 D131.A the routing agreement for a particular ocean regionB the communication service he requiredC the position of his ship and the CESsD B and C答案 D132. Having studied the INMARSAT document, GMDSS document, SOLAS Convention and other international navigation document , we all know that the chapter IV of SOLAS convention is mainly about____A the regulationsB the technical terms and definitionsC how to operate the GMDSS SES equipmentD Maritime communications答案 D133. NAVTEX receivers also use the B2 character to ____different classes of messagesA identifyB RejectC Print outD correct答案 A134. International SafetyNet and Navtex services promulgate MSI by means of ___A FEC and ARQB Satellite and terrestrial communicationsC radio and telexD NBDP答案 B135. SafetyNet is a maritime safety information broadcast serviceoffering____on suitable equipped ships .A free receptionB free transmissionC dedicated receptionD dedicated transmission答案 A136. The International SafetyNet Service is able to address the call to ____A all vesselsB selected groups of shipsC A particular shipD A,B ,C are all correct答案 D137. Ships sailing in ____are able to receive and print out EGC messages.A a fixed area or Navarea in any ocean regionB a navarea or weather forecast areaC any designated area or given geographic positionD anywhere of the world答案 C136. The priority of EGC messages is classified by____A distress, urgent and safetyB safety and routineC urgent, safety and routineD distress, urgent, safety and routine答案 D137. the quality of EGC messages is____ affected by the position of theship ,the time of reception and climate conditions.A sometimesB all timeC neverD partly答案 C138. All EGC messages ____owing to their nature of importanceA can suppressB can be suppressedC can not be suppressedD are to be suppressed答案 C139. If EGC receiver share a same antenna with Inmarsat SES, it means that it can receive MSI____A from any Inmarsat satelliteB via any appropriate Navtex and EGC stationC via the satellite the SES is trackingD from any RCC and coast station140. NAVTEX transmitter identification character B1 is a single unique letter which is allocated to each Navtex____A receiverB SESC CESD Transmitter答案 D。
