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A Brief Introduction to NingxiaNingxia Hui Autonomous Region was established in 1958, covering an area of 66,400 square kilometers, with a total population of 6,471,900 people in 2012, of which the Muslim population accounts for 35.84 percent, being the largest Muslim hometown in China. It has under its jurisdiction five prefecture-level cities (Yinchuan, Shizuishan, Wuzhong, Guyuan, Zhongwei), 22 counties and cities (districts).History Ningxia is one of the birthplaces of ancient Chinese civilization. The "Shuidonggou Site" in Lingwu City indicates that 30,000 years ago, there was a Paleolithic human habitat in this place. In the 3rd century BC, Qin the First Emperor established Beidi Shire here after he unified China, with settlements of his troops introducing irrigation and pioneering a history of diverting the Yellow River. In 1038 AD, the Tangut leader Li Yuanhao built the State of Xia with the present Ningxia region as its center, later known as the Western Xia with its capital Xingqing Prefecture (now Yinchuan City), forming a tripod situation with the Song, Liao, Jin regimes lasting 189 years. After the Yuan overthrew Western Xia, it was renamed Ningxia Prefecture, hence the name. Ningxia Province was founded in 1929. After the founding of new China, Ningxia province was brought under the jurisdiction of Gansu in 1954, but on October 25, 1958 Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was established.Natural conditionsNingxia is 1,000 meters above sea level throughout the region, lying higher in its south than in its north, with a stepping-down drop of nearly 1,000 meters. It is a typical continental climate as a temperate semi-arid and sub-humid region, with much sand in spring, little hot weather in summer, early cool days in autumn, and a long cold winter, featuring scarce snow and rain, but abundant sunshine, strong evaporation, etc.; the average annual precipitation measures around 300 mm.Geographical Divisions:The whole region can be divided into three areas, i.e. the northern Yellow River irrigation area, the middle arid area, and the southern loess hilly area. The northern Yellow River irrigation area is the essence of Ningxia, which enjoys the fame of “Oasis in the loess highlands” and is a key base of food and agricultural products inChina. The middle arid area is a desert or semi-desert zone ecologically. Surrounded by Tengri Desert, Ulan Buh Desert and Mu Us Desert, the middle arid area is dry without much rain, featuring poor living conditions, with windy, sandy weather and barren land. The southern mountainous area is covered with mountains and valleys and sparse vegetation, with severe water loss and soil erosion, and with part of the territory damp and cold. So it is a key area for China’s poverty alleviation work together with the middle arid area, with economic and social development lagging behind.Advantages in ResourcesNingxia boasts the comparative advantage of agriculture, energy and tourism, thus manifesting broad development prospects. First, the agricultural advantages. We have 1.107 million hectares of arable land, ranking No. 3 in China in terms of per-capita land, including 460,000 hectares with irrigation provided by the Yellow River, so it is one of China's 12 commodity grain production bases; we have 2.274 million hectares of pasture as one of the top ten pastoral areas. Second, the energy advantage. Four billion cubic meters of Yellow River water is available for us, accounting for about 10% of the total allocation; we have proven coal reserves of over 30 billion tons, ranking No. 6 in China. Ningdong Coalfield boasts 27.3 billion tons of proven reserves as one of the six huge mines to be developed as a national priority; we have 12 existing large and medium-sized power plants, with an annual generating capacity of 39.3 billion kilowatts-hour, or 6,550 kilowatts-hour per capita, ranking No.1 in China; with 50 kinds of proven mineral resources, the latent value of our natural resources per capita is 163.59 percent of the national average, ranking No. 5 in China. Third, tourism advantages. Ancient Yellow River civilization, the mysterious Western Xia history, rich folkways in Hui hometown style and magnificent desert scenery constitute a colorful variety of our unique tourist resources. Ningxia is trying to build itself up as an international tourist destination with unique West China characteristics.InfrastructureIn the region, there is a highway network stretching nearly 25,000 km, of which 1,323km is expressway, so that it takes only one hour for each city and county to reach the expressway. The region's administrative villages are all accessible by roads, electricity, telephone, radio and television. There are 35 various kinds of development zones and industrial parks, in which three are national-level development zones. These development zones have complete infrastructure, with prominent product features and comprehensive supporting functions, thus providing a big platform for adapting to industrial transfer.Two Major Strategies:Along the Yellow River, there are 10 cities in Ningxia. With more than 90% of Ningxia’s GDP and 94% of Ningxia’s fiscal revenue, it is an essential zone of Ningxia. The Ningxia Yellow River Economic Zone is one of the 18 main functional areas with key inputs from the central government, which has been written into the Outline of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" and become a national strategy. The Liupanshan Mountain area of Ningxia covers a vast land with a relatively big population and slow development. It is zo ned as a key point of China’s new round of poverty alleviation and development. To grasp these policy opportunities of the central government supporting Ningxia’s development, Ningxia proposes to vigorously carry out the two major strategies of Yellow River-front economic zone development and poverty alleviation for millions of poor people, so as to accelerate the construction of a harmonious and wealthy new Ningxia, and strive to realize the goal of an overall well-off society simultaneously with the other parts of China. This is not only a key point of economic and social development, but also a new opportunity for foreign investors in Ningxia.Construction of the Two Zones:In September 2012, China’s State Council approved the Ningxia Inland Opening-up Pilot Economic Zone and Yinchuan Comprehensive Bonded Zone. The Ningxia Inland Opening-up Pilot Economic Zone is the first and only pilot zone covering the whole region in inland China. It is oriented as “China’s strategic highland opening to the west, China’s important energy and chemical industry base, and China’s major industrial cluster of halal food and Muslim commodity as well as demonstration zoneof industrial transfer”. As one of the only three bonded zones in Northwest China, the Yinchuan Comprehensive Bonded Zone enjoys great preferential policies in terms of tax, trade regulations, bonded supervision, foreign exchange administration, etc. it will be built up as one of the special regulated areas with the highest opening-up level, the most preferential government policies, the most complete functions, the simplest procedures and the most prominent location advantages. The launching of the two zones’ not only is a major historic opportunity for Ningxia’s development, but also provides a new platform for China, Arab states and other Muslim regions to strengthen economic, trade and cultural exchange and cooperation, to adapt to global industrial transfer, to fully make use of international resources and market, and to expand the scale of the processing trade.Our achievementsIn recent years, Ningxia's socioeconomic cause embarked on a track of sustained, rapid and healthy development, and for 12 consecutive years our economic growth rate has surpassed the national average. With the reform and opening up in full swing, we have initial success in economic structural adjustment, witnessing significant changes in urban and rural areas, and people's living standards have been greatly improved. In 2012, we achieved GDP 232.664 billion yuan, up 11.5%; fiscal revenue 46.01 billion yuan, up 23.9%; the social investment of fixed assets 210.952 billion yuan, an increase of 27.5%; the total retail sales of consumer goods 54.88 billion yuan, up 14.9%; per capita disposable income of urban residents 19,831 yuan, an increase of 12.8%, rural per capita net income of 6,180 yuan, an increase of 14.2%.。
英文版-宁夏概况ABriefIntroductiontoNingxiaA Brief Introduction to NingxiaNingxia Hui Autonomous Region was established in 1958, covering an area of 66,400 square kilometers, with a total population of 6,471,900 people in 2012, of which the Muslim population accounts for 35.84 percent, being the largest Muslim hometown in China. It has under its jurisdiction five prefecture-level cities (Yinchuan, Shizuishan, Wuzhong, Guyuan, Zhongwei), 22 counties and cities (districts).History Ningxia is one of the birthplaces of ancient Chinese civilization. The "Shuidonggou Site" in Lingwu City indicates that 30,000 years ago, there was a Paleolithic human habitat in this place. In the 3rd century BC, Qin the First Emperor established Beidi Shire here after he unified China, with settlements of his troops introducing irrigation and pioneering a history of diverting the Yellow River. In 1038 AD, the Tangut leader Li Yuanhao built the State of Xia with the present Ningxia region as its center, later known as the Western Xia with its capital Xingqing Prefecture (now Yinchuan City), forming a tripod situation with the Song, Liao, Jin regimes lasting 189 years. After the Yuan overthrew Western Xia, it was renamed Ningxia Prefecture, hence the name. Ningxia Province was founded in 1929. After the founding of new China, Ningxia province was brought under the jurisdiction of Gansu in 1954, but on October 25, 1958 Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was established.Natural conditionsNingxia is 1,000 meters above sea level throughout the region, lying higher in its south than in its north, with a stepping-down drop of nearly 1,000 meters. It is a typical continentalclimate as a temperate semi-arid and sub-humid region, with much sand in spring, little hot weather in summer, early cool days in autumn, and a long cold winter, featuring scarce snow and rain, but abundant sunshine, strong evaporation, etc.; the average annual precipitation measures around 300 mm.Geographical Divisions:The whole region can be divided into three areas, i.e. the northern Yellow River irrigation area, the middle arid area, and the southern loess hilly area. The northern Yellow River irrigation area is the essence of Ningxia, which enjoys the fa me of “Oasis in the loess highlands” and is a key base of food and agricultural products inChina. The middle arid area is a desert or semi-desert zone ecologically. Surrounded by Tengri Desert, Ulan Buh Desert and Mu Us Desert, the middle arid area is dry without much rain, featuring poor living conditions, with windy, sandy weather and barren land. The southern mountainous area is covered with mountains and valleys and sparse vegetation, with severe water loss and soil erosion, and with part of the territory damp and cold. So it is a key area for China’s poverty alleviation work together with the middle arid area, with economic and social development lagging behind.Advantages in ResourcesNingxia boasts the comparative advantage of agriculture, energy and tourism, thus manifesting broad development prospects. First, the agricultural advantages. We have 1.107 million hectares of arable land, ranking No. 3 in China in terms of per-capita land, including 460,000 hectares with irrigation provided by the Yellow River, so it is one of China's 12 commodity grain production bases; we have 2.274 million hectares of pastureas one of the top ten pastoral areas. Second, the energy advantage. Four billion cubic meters of Yellow River water is available for us, accounting for about 10% of the total allocation; we have proven coal reserves of over 30 billion tons, ranking No.6 in China. Ningdong Coalfield boasts 27.3 billion tons of proven reserves as one of the six huge mines to be developed as a national priority; we have 12 existing large and medium-sized power plants, with an annual generating capacity of 39.3 billion kilowatts-hour, or 6,550 kilowatts-hour per capita, ranking No.1 in China; with 50 kinds of proven mineral resources, the latent value of our natural resources per capita is 163.59 percent of the national average, ranking No. 5 in China. Third, tourism advantages. Ancient Yellow River civilization, the mysterious Western Xia history, rich folkways in Hui hometown style and magnificent desert scenery constitute a colorful variety of our unique tourist resources. Ningxia is trying to build itself up as an international tourist destination with unique West China characteristics.InfrastructureIn the region, there is a highway network stretching nearly 25,000 km, of which 1,323km is expressway, so that it takes only one hour for each city and county to reach the expressway. The region's administrative villages are all accessible by roads, electricity, telephone, radio and television. There are 35 various kinds of development zones and industrial parks, in which three are national-level development zones. These development zones have complete infrastructure, with prominent product features and comprehensive supporting functions, thus providing a big platform for adapting to industrial transfer.Two Major Strategies:Along the Yellow River, there are 10 cities in Ningxia. With more than 90% of Ningxia’s GDP and 94% of Ningxia’s fiscal revenue, it is an essential zone of Ningxia. The Ningxia Yellow River Economic Zone is one of the 18 main functional areas with key inputs from the central government, which has been written into the Outline of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" and become a national strategy. The Liupanshan Mountain area of Ningxia covers a vast land with a relatively big population and slow development. It is zo ned as a key point of China’s new round of poverty alleviation and development. To grasp these policy opportunities of the central government supporting Ningxia’s development, Ningxia proposes to vigorously carry out the two major strategies of Yellow River-front economic zone development and poverty alleviation for millions of poor people, so as to accelerate the construction of a harmonious and wealthy new Ningxia, and strive to realize the goal of an overall well-off society simultaneously with the other parts of China. This is not only a key point of economic and social development, but also a new opportunity for foreign investors in Ningxia.Construction of the Two Zones:In September 2012, China’s State Council approved the Ningxia Inland Opening-up Pilot Economic Zone and Yinchuan Comprehensive Bonded Zone. The Ningxia Inland Opening-up Pilot Economic Zone is the first and only pilot zone covering the whole region in inland China. It is ori ented as “China’s strategic highland opening to the west, China’s important energy and chemical industry base, and China’s major industrial cluster of halal food and Muslim commodity as well as demonstration zone of industrial transfer”. As one of the only three bondedzones in Northwest China, the Yinchuan Comprehensive Bonded Zone enjoys great preferential policies in terms of tax, trade regulations, bonded supervision, foreign exchange administration, etc. it will be built up as one of the special regulated areas with the highest opening-up level, the most preferential government policies, the most complete functions, the simplest procedures and the most prominent location advantages. The launching of the two zones’ not only is a major historic opportunit y for Ningxia’s development, but also provides a new platform for China, Arab states and other Muslim regions to strengthen economic, trade and cultural exchange and cooperation, to adapt to global industrial transfer, to fully make use of international resources and market, and to expand the scale of the processing trade.Our achievementsIn recent years, Ningxia's socioeconomic cause embarked on a track of sustained, rapid and healthy development, and for 12 consecutive years our economic growth rate has surpassed the national average. With the reform and opening up in full swing, we have initial success in economic structural adjustment, witnessing significant changes in urban and rural areas, and people's living standards have been greatly improved. In 2012, we achieved GDP 232.664 billion yuan, up 11.5%; fiscal revenue 46.01 billion yuan, up 23.9%; the social investment of fixed assets 210.952 billion yuan, an increase of 27.5%; the total retail sales of consumer goods 54.88 billion yuan, up 14.9%; per capita disposable income of urban residents 19,831 yuan, an increase of 12.8%, rural per capita net income of 6,180 yuan, an increase of 14.2%.。
