2015考研英语阅读真题：考研英语(二)第2篇_毙考题

2015年考研英语二真题及答案解析考研英语二是许多考生的痛点之一，因此在备考过程中，熟悉历年真题并进行答案解析是非常重要的。

以下将对2015年考研英语二真题进行详细解析，以帮助考生更好地备考。

第一部分：阅读理解本部分共有三篇短文，每篇短文后有五个问题。

请根据短文内容，选择正确答案。

Passage 1题目一：According to the passage, how does Angela Markel stand out among other European leaders?A. She is known for her fashion sense.B. She is the least known European leader.C. She holds a position of political power.D. She is the only female European leader.解析：根据文章第一段的"She has been leader of Germany since 2005..."可知，安格拉·默克尔在文章中被描述为德国的领导人，说明她在欧洲的其他领导人中拥有政治地位。

所以选项C“她拥有政治地位”是正确答案。

题目二：According to the passage, what is one reason Angela Merkel is often underestimated?A. She lacks experience in politics.B. She is not as charismatic as other leaders.C. She is from a less powerful country.D. She emphasizes substance over style.解析：根据文章第三段的“Her popularity remains high, despite a reputation for not being a charismatic leader”可知，虽然安格拉·默克尔在领导风格上不如其他领导人那样有魅力，但她的知名度依然很高。

2015年考研英语二阅读理解真题及答案（阅读理解）Section Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A， B， C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys. People art actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people's cortisol ， which is it at stress marker， while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.“Further contradicting conventional wisdom， we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home，” writes one of the researchers. Sarah Damaske， In fact women say they feel better at work. She notes. “it is men not women. Who report being happier at home than at work，” Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children without， but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesn't measure is whether people are still doing work when they' re at home， whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men， the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home，they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home， they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles， and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women， it' s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But it's not just a gender thing. At work， people pretty much know what they're supposed to be doing： working， making money， doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure： Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front， however， people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done， there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor； they need to be talked into it， or if they' re teenagers， threatened with complete removal of 新祥旭官网/all electronic devices. Plus， they' re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.So it's not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite， the co-workers are much harder to motivate.21.According to Paragraph 1，most previous surveys found that home ______.[A]was an unrealistic place for relaxation[B]generated more stress than the workplace[C]was an ideal place for stress measurement[D]offered greater relaxation than the workplace22.According to Damaske， who are likely to be the happiest at home？[A]Working mothers[B]Childless husbands[C] Childless wives[D]Working fathers23 The blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact that ______.[A]they are both bread winners and housewives[B]their home is also a place for kicking back[C]there is often much housework left behind[D]it is difficult for them to leave their office24.The word“moola”（Line 4，Para 4）most probably means ______.[A]energy[B]skills[C]earnings[D]nutrition25.The home front differs from the workplace in that ______.[A]home is hardly a cozier working environment[B]division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut[C]household tasks are generally more motivating新祥旭官网/[D]family labor is often adequately rewarded【参考答案】21. D 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. B【主要内容】本文主要讲述工作环境压力问题。

2015考研英语二阅读真题（凯程考研独发）2015考研英语结束后，凯程考研网第一时间为大家发布2015考研英语答案，2015考研英语真题解析。

同时明天凯程考研也会在考后第一时间，为大家发布考研数学真题及答案，考研专业课真题及答案等，欢迎大家关注!大家也可以关注2015考研真题解析专题!Text4Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June ,along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent,as good news.And they were right.For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace.We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked.There was a big jump in the number of people who repot voluntarily working part-time.This figure is now 830,000(4.4 percent)above its year ago level.Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction.Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs.They take part-time work because this is all they can get.An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June,but the general direction has been down.Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession,but it is down by 640,000(7.9percent)from is year ago level.We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us.The survey used by the Labor Department asks people is they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week.If the answer is“yes”,they are classified as worked less than 35hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice .They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people ,especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions ,before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need toget a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families.With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.36. Which part of the jobs picture are neglected?[A] The prospect of a thriving job market.[B] The increase of voluntary part-time market.[C] The possibility of full employment.[D] The acceleration of job creation.37. Many people work part-time because they_____.[A] prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobs.[B] feel that is enough to make ends meet.[C] cannot get their hands on full-time jobs.[D] haven’t seen the weakness of the market.38. Involuntary part-time employment is the US_____.[A] satisfies the real need of the jobless.[B] is harder to acquire than one year ago.[C] shows a general tendency of decline.[D] is lower than before the recession.39. It can be learned that with Obamacare,_____.[A] it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insurance[B] full-time employment is still essential for insurance[C] it is still challenging to get insurance for family members[D] employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance40. The text mainly discusses_______.[A] employment in the US[B] part-timer classification[C] insurance though Medicaid[D] Obamacare’s trouble凯程教育：凯程考研成立于2005年，国内首家全日制集训机构考研，一直从事高端全日制辅导，由李海洋教授、张鑫教授、卢营教授、王洋教授、杨武金教授、张释然教授、索玉柱教授、方浩教授等一批高级考研教研队伍组成，为学员全程高质量授课、答疑、测试、督导、报考指导、方法指导、联系导师、复试等全方位的考研服务。

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Text 1 A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home that at work. Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge. “Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well asmen have lower levels of stress at work than at home,” writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damaske. In fact women even say they feel better at work, shenotes, “It is men, not women, who report being happier at ho me than at work.” Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health. What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are mor e stressed at home. But it’s not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they’re supposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola. On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues- your family- have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they’re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electroni c devices. Plus, they’re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home. So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co- workers are much harder to motivate. 21. According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home_______ was an unrealistic place for relaxation generated more stress than the workplace was an ideal place for stress measurement offered greater relaxation than the workplace 22. According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home? Working mothers Childless husbands Childless wives Working fathers 23. The blurring of working women’s roles refers to the fact thay_______ they are both bread winners and housewives their home is also a place for kicking back there is often much housework left behind it is difficult for them to leave their office 24. The word “moola” most probablymeans_______ energy skills earnings nutrition 25. The home frontdiffers from the workplace in that_______ home is hardly a cozier working environment division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut household tasks are generally more motivating family labor is often adequately rewarded Text2 For years, studies have found thatfirst-generation college students- those who do not have a parent with a college degree- lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting firstgeneration students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” ab achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science. But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach can close 63 percent of the achievement gap between first-generation and other students. The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degree. Their thesis- that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact- was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap. Many first- generation students “struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of college resou rces,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when collages don’t talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students. Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students ’educational experience, many first-generation students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students’ like them can improve. 26. Recruiting more first- generation studentshas_______ reduced their dropout rates narrowed the achievement gao missed its original purpose depressed college students 27. The author of the research article are optimistic because_______ the problem is solvable their approach is costless the recruiting rate has increased their finding appeal to students 28. The study suggests that most first- generation students______ study at private universities are from single-parent families are in need of financial support have failed their collage 29. The author of the paper believe that first-generation students_______ are actually indifferent to the achievement gap can have a potential influence on other students may lack opportunities to apply for research projects are inexperienced in handling their issues at college 30. We may infer from the last paragraph that_______ universities often rejectthe culture of the middle-class students are usually to blame for their lack of resources social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question Text3 Even in traditional offices, “the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago,” said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn. She started spinning off examples. “If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990, we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, passion. There were goals, there were strategies, there were objectives, but we didn’t talk about energy; we didn’t talk about passion.” Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very “team”-oriented—and not by coincidence. “Let’s not forget sports—in male-dominated corporate America, it’s still a big deal. It’s not explicitly conscious; it’s the idea that I’m a coach, and you’re my team, and we’re in this together. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies, but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they wan t to win.” These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning—and, as Khurana points out, increase allegiance to the firm. “You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations andrel igious organizations: Terms like vision, values, passion, and purpose,” said Khurana. This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance. The “mommy wars” of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can’t have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg’s Lean In, whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug, offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. But if your work is your “passion,” you’ll be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed. But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it, but managers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorb it. As Nunberg said, “You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.” In a workplace that’s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work—and how your work defines who you are. 31. According to Nancy Koehn,office language has become_____ more emotional more objective less energetic less strategic 32. “team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to_______ historical incidents gender difference sports culture athletic executives 33.Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to______ revive historical terms promote company image foster corporate cooperation strengthen employee loyalty 34.It can be inferred that Lean In________ voices for working women appeals to passionate workaholics triggers dcbates among mommies praises motivated employees35.Which of the following statements is true about office speak? Managers admire it but avoid it Linguists believe it to be nonsense Companies find it to be fundamental Regular people mock it but accept it Text 4 Many people talked of the 288,000 newjobs the Labor Department reported for June, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent, as good news. And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace. However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830,000 above its year ago level. Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get. An increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by 640,000 from its year ago level. We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than 35 hours i n the reference week. If the answer is “yes,” they are classified as working part-time. They survey then asks whether they worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice. They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week. The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people, especially those with serious health conditions of family members with serious health conditions, before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance. However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance. 36. Which part of the jobs picture was neglected? A. The prospect of a thriving job market. B. The increase of voluntary part-time jobs. C. The possibility of full employment. D. The acceleration of job creation. 37. Many people work part-time because they A. prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobs B. feel that is enough to make ends meet C. cannot get their hands on full-time jobs D. haven’t seen the weaknes s of the market 38. Involuntary part-time employment in the US A. is harder to acquire than one year ago B. shows a general tendency of decline C. satisfies the real need of the jobless D. is lower than before the recession 39. It can be learned that with Obamacare, __________. A. it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insurance B. employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance C. it is still challenging to get insurance for family members D. full-time employment is still essential for insurance. 40. The text mainly discusses____________. A. employment in the US B. part-timer classification C. insurance through Medicaid D. Obamacare’s trouble。

2015年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)答案详解SectionⅠUse of English文章分析本文主要就当前社会存在的一个现象进行分析——为什么现在的人不与周围的陌生人交流，而只专注于手机。

第一段提出现象。

第二段指出与陌生人交流其实大有裨益，只是我们不知道。

第三段提出全文要探讨的问题。

第四段给出原因之一——害怕。

第五段承接第四段继续分析，指出我们把手机视为保护毯，避免与陌生人交谈的尴尬。

第六段用一个实验证明其实与陌生人交谈并不是那么尴尬。

第七段对实验结果进行解释，因为人类的的发展源于社会联系。

试题解析In our contemporary culture,the prospect of communicating with—or even looking at—a stranger is virtually unbearable.Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones,even without a__1__on a subway.【译文】在当代文化中，与陌生人交流，甚至看一眼陌生人，都几乎难以忍受。

我们周围的每一个人似乎都同意这点，他们玩弄着手机，即使地铁上一点儿信号都没有。

1.[A]ticket车票[B]permit许可证[C]signal信号[D]record记录【答案】C【考点】词义辨析【直击答案】空格所在句意为：陌生人之间没有交流，大家都只关注自己的手机，即使地铁里没有________。

选项中，只有C项符合上下文语义，与phones和subway有关，因此signal正确。

【命题思路】本题四个选项语义不相关，所以只需要根据上下文确定所需填入的语义即可。

【干扰排除】其余三个选项带入原文都与句意不符，故排除。

It's a sad reality—our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings—because there's__2__to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you.But you wouldn't know it,__3__into your phone.This universal protection sends the___4___:_“Please don't approach me.”【译文】这是个可悲的现实——我们希望避免与其他人交流——因为和身边的陌生人交流会带来诸多益处。

即成Theoretically，several reasons may trigger the trend that people tend to spend more money to buy gifts during the Spring Festival，but as for my part，the following two are of great value.其次，具体原因。

对于春节期间人们更乐意将钱花在购买新年礼物上这一现象，其原因很多，包括春节在中国节日里面的重要性促使人们回家时购买大量礼物，以及春节期间各种礼物广告的泛滥变相鼓励了人们去花钱等等，当然还有其他的一些原因，大家可以自由发挥，只要合情合理即可。

但是要注意：考虑到语言多样性的评分标准，写作时不可只用简单的单词或短语来衔接列举原因，因此可以用句子来列举，具体如下：On the top of list is that the current state of the affair may have been encouraged，though not justified，by the widely spreading advertisements of gifts. In addition，there is the other point that no one can ignore. It is universally acknowledged that the Spring Festival is the most important festival in our nation during which most people will buy gifts for their families and friends.以上是第二段的主要内容，接下来继续看第三段。

第三段中主要就上面分析的这一现象进行趋势预测，那么很明显在接下来的很长一段时间里春节期间人们都会花大量地钱来为身边的亲人、朋友购买新年礼物，这种形式将会持续下去。

2015年考研英语（二）真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text。

Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and markA，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1(10 points)In our contemporary culture，the prospect of communicating with-or even looking at-a stranger is virtually unbearable Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones，even without a 1 undergroundIt's a sad reality-our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings-because there's 2 to be gained from talking to the strange r standing by you. But you wouldn't know it，3 into your phone. This universal armor sends the 4 ："Please don't approach me."What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach We fear rejection，or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as"creep,"We fear we'IIbe 7 We fear we'II be disruptive Strangers are inherently 8 to us，so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances To avoid this anxiety, we 10 to our phones."Phones become our security blanket，"Wortmann says."They are our happyglasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 ."But once we rip off the bandaid，tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up，it doesn't 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment，behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a 13 . They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14 . "When Dr.Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own," the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn't expect a positive experience, after they 17 withthe experiment, "not a single person reported having been snubbed."18 , these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of social connections. It's that 20 : Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.1. [A] ticket [B] permit [C]signall [D] record2. [A] nothing [B] link [C]another [D] much3. [A] beaten [B] guided [C]plugged [D] brought4. [A] message [B] cede [C]notice [D] sign5. [A] under [B] beyond [C] behind [D] from6. [A] misinterprete [B] misapplied [C] misadjusted [D] mismatched7. [A] fired [B] judged [C] replaced [D] delayed8. [A] unreasonable [B] ungreatful [C] unconventional [D] unfamiliar9. [A] comfortable [B] anxious [C] confident [D] angry10. [A] attend [B] point [C] take [D] turn11. [A] dangerous [B] mysterious [C] violent [D] boring12. [A] hurt [B] resis [C] bend [D] decay13. [A] lecture [B] conversation [C] debate [D] negotiation14. [A] trainees [B] employees [C] researchers [D] passengers15. [A] reveal [B] choose [C] predictl [D] design16. [A] voyage [B] flight [C] walk [D] ride17. [A] went through [B] did away [C] caught up [D] put up18. [A] In turn [B] In particular [C]In fact [D] In consequence19. [A] unless [B] since [C] if [D] whereas20. [A] funny [B] simple [C] Iogical [D] rareSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Text 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys. People art actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people's cortntlol. Which is it at stress marker. While they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge."Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home," writes one of the researchers. Sarah Damaske, In fact women say they feel better at work. She notes. "it is men not women. Who report being bappicr at home than at work," Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with childrcn and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why pcoplc who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesn't measure is whether people are still doing work when they' re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playingcatch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it' s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But it's not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they're supposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order todraw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they' re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they' re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.So it's not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.21.According to Pa ragraph 1，most previous su rveys found that home___________[A]was an un realistic place for relaxation[B]generated more stress than the workplace[C]was an ideal place for stress measurement[D]offered greater relaxation than the workplace22.According to Damaske，who are likely to be the happiest at home?[A]Working mothers[B]Childless husbands[C] Childless wives[D]Working fathers23 The blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact thay___________[A]they are both bread winners and housewives[B]their home is also a place for kicking back[C]there is often much housework left behind[D]it is difficult for them to leave their office24.The word"moola"(Line 4，Para 4)most probably means___________[A]energy[B]skills[C]earnings[D]nutrition25.The home front differs from the workplace in that_____________[A]home is hardly a cozier working environment[B]division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut[C]household tasks are generally more motivating[D]family labor is often adequately rewardedText 2For years, studies have found that first-generation college students-those who do not have a parent with a college degree-lag other students on a range of educationachievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created "a paradox" in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has "continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close" achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Sciense.But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach(which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap(measured by such factors asgrades)between first-generation and other students.The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findins are based on a study involving 147 students(who completed the project)at an unnamed private unive rsity．First generation was defined as not having a parent with a fou r-year college degree Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants，a federal g rant for undergraduates with financial need，while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degreeTheir thesis-that a relatively modest inte rvention could have a big impact-was based on the view that first-gene ration students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students They cite past resea rch by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be na rrowed to close the achievement gap.Many first-gene ration students"struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education，learn the'rules of the game，'and take advantage of college resou rces," they write And this becomes more of a problem when collages don't talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students' educational expe rience，many first-gene ration students lack sight about why they a re struggling and do not unde rstand how students' like them can improve26. Recruiting more first-generation students has[A]reduced their d ropout rates[B]narrowed the achievement gao[C] missed its original pu rpose[D]depressed college students27 The author of the research article are optimistic because[A]the problem is solvable[B]their approach is costless[q the recruiting rate has increased[D]their finding appeal to students28 The study suggests that most first-gene ration students[A]study at private universities[B]are from single-pa rent families[q are in need of financial support[D]have failed their collage29. The author of the paper believe that first-generation students[A]a re actually indifferent to the achievement gap[B]can have a potential influence on othe r students[C] may lack opportunities to apply for resea rch projects[D]are inexperienced in handling their issues at college30.We mayinfer from the last paragraph that--[A]universities often r~ect the culture of the middle-class[B]students are usually to blame for their lack of resources[C]social class g reatly helps en rich educational experiences[D]colleges are partly responsible for the problem in questionText3Even in traditional offices，"the lingua franca of corporate America has gottenmuch more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago，" said Ha rva rd Business School professor Nancy Koehn She sta rted spinning off examples."If you and I pa rachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990，we would see much less frequent use of terms like Journey, mission,passion. There were goals，there were strategies，there were objectives，but we didn't talk about energy；we didn't talk about passion."Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabula ry is very"team"-oriented-and not by coincidence."Let's not forget sDorts-in male-dominated corporate America，it's still a big deal. It's not explicitly conscious；it's the idea that I'm a coach，and you're my team，and we're in this togethec. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies，but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win".These terms a re also intended to infuse work with meaning-and，as Khu rana points out，increase allegiance to the firm."You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations：Terms like vision，values，passion，and purpose，"saidKhurana This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance The "mommy wars" of the 1990s a re still going on today, prompting arguments about whywomen still can'thave it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg's Lean In，whose title has become abuzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug，offline，life-hack，bandwidth，andcapacity are all about setting boundaries betweenthe office and the home But ifyour work is your "passion," you'II be more likely to devote yourself to it，even ifthat means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bedBut this seems to be the irony of office speak：Everyone makes fun of it，butmanage rs love it，companies depend on it，and regular people willingly absorb itAs Nunberg said，"You can get people to think it's nonsense at the same timethat you buy into it." In a workplace that's fundamentally indiffe rent to your lifeand its meaning office speak can help you figu re out how you relate to yourwork-and how your work defines who you are31. According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become________[A]more e motional[B]more objective[C]less energetic[D]less energetic[E]less strategic32."team"-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to________[A]historical incidents[B]gender difference[C]sports culture[D]athletic executives33.Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to________[A]revive historical terms[B]promote company image[C]foster corporate cooperation[D]strengthen employee loyalty34.It can be inferred that Lean In_________[A]voices for working women[B]appeals to passionate workaholics[C]triggers dcbates among mommies[D]praises motivated employees35.Which of the following statements is true about office speak?[A]Managers admire it but avoid it[B]Linguists believe it to be nonsense[C]Companies find it to be fundamental[D]Regular people mock it but accept itText 4Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reporled for Jure, along with the drop in the unemployment take to 6 J percent. at good news. And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have along way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.However there is another important part of the jobs picture that was targely ovedookcd. There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830,000（4,4 percent）above its year ago level.Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get. An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by 640,000(7.9 percent)from its year ago level.We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is "yes."they are classified as working part-time. The survey then asks whether they worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice. They are only elassified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare becanse one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people, especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions, before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.36. Which part of the jobs picture was neglected?A. The prospect of a thriving job market.B. The increase of voluntary part-time jobs.C. The possibility of full employment.D. The acceleration of job creation.37. Many people work part-time because theyA. prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobsB. feel that is enough to make ends meetC. cannot get their hands on full-time jobsD. haven' t seen the weakness of the market38. Involuntary part-time employment in the USA. is harder to acquire than one year agoB. shows a general tendency of declineC. satisfies the real need of the joblessD. is lower than before the recession39. It can be learned that with Obamacare, .A. it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insuranceB. employment is no longer a precondition to get insuranceC. it is still challenging to get insurance for family membersD. full-time employment is still essential for insurance40. The text mainly discusses.A. employment in the USB. part-timer classificationC. insurance through MedicaidD. Obamacare's troubleSome Old Truths to Help You Overcorne Toucgh TimesUefortunately, life is not a bed of roses, We are going through life facing sad experiences. Moreover, we are grieving various kinds of loss: a friendship, a rontantic relatlonshlp of a house. Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time,but you should remember that they won't last forever.When our time of mourning is over, we press forward, stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life. Furthermore, these losses make us mature and eventally move as toward future opportunities for growth and happiness. I want to share these old truths I've learned along the way.41.Fear is both useful and harmful. This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it. Unfortunately, people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears. My favorite actor will smith once said, "Fear is not real. It is a product of thoughts you create. Do not misunderstand me. Danger is very real. But fear is a choice." I do completely agree that fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination.42 .If you are ??? by ??? and43. .Sometimes it is casy to feel bad because you are going through tough times. You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things youhave. Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something.44..No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is, you should always remember that you are not alone. Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life, especially your dearest and nearest people, You may have a circle of friends who provide constant good humor, help and companionship. If you have no friends or relatives. Try to participate in several online communities, full of people who are always willing to share advice and cncouragement.45 .Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining objectivity from external sources. This way you devalue your opinion and show that you are incapable of managing your of own life. When you are struggling to achieve something important you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best. You live in your skin, think your own thoughts, have your own values and make your own choices.Section Ⅲ Translation46. Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Think about driving a route that's very familiar. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it's easy tolose concentration on the driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.This is the well-travelled road effect: people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, because we don't have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly. And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we can't remember the journey well because we didn't pay much attention to it. So we assume it wasshorter.Section Ⅳ WritingPart A47.Direerions:Suppose your university is going to host a summer camp for high school students. Write a notice to1)briefly introduce the camp activities, and2)call for volunteers.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your name or the name of your university.Do not write your address.(10 points)Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, your should1)interpret the chart, and2)give your comment.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.2015年考研英语二真题答案（完整版）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text。

2015年考研英语22015年考研英语二试题如下：Section IUse of English阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

A surprise result has come out of the research on the quality of life in the United States. The overall quality of life in the United States, as measured by a national survey, has improved over the past two decades.The survey, known as the Quality of Life Index, covers five areas: family, community, environment, work, and recreation. The areas were chosen to represent a broad range of concerns that affect how people evaluate their quality of life. The index is based on a series ofquestions that ask about things such as the ability to have satisfying friendships or a sense of purpose in life.The index is not just about feeling good. It also measures factors that are objective and tangible. For example, it includes the percentage of violent crimes committed in each state and the cost of housing relative to income. The index also takes into account the availability and quality of public services such as education and health care.The researchers found that the index has generally improved over the past 20 years. This is true even though the United States has been through economic recession and war. The improvement was seen across all areas of the index, but it was most notable in community and family relationships.One explanation for the improvement is that people are getting married later in life and divorcing less often. This may have a positive impact on family life. Another explanation is that people are more tolerant and understanding of each other. This may lead to fewer conflicts in personal relationships.The researchers also found that there are still large differences in the quality of life between different groups in society. For example, people who are less educated and people who live in certain states tend to have a lower quality of life. The index also shows that the South and the Midwest have lower scores than the Northeast and the West Coast.1. The research on the quality of life in the United States______.A. is based on a national surveyB. focuses on the areas mentioned aboveC. covers all aspects of people's livesD. only includes factors that are objective and tangible2. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2?A. The purpose of the Quality of Life Index.B. The method of creating the Quality of Life Index.C. The areas included in the Quality of Life Index.D. The components of the Quality of Life Index questions.3. What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?A. The improvement in community and family relationships is less significant than other areas.B. The economic recession and war have had no impact on people's sense of purpose in life.C. The quality of life has improved across all areas over the past 20 years.D. The improvement in family life is mainly due to people getting married later in life.。

1 / 20202015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections ：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C orD on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with — or even looking at — a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they cling to their phones, even without a 1 on a subway. It’s It’s a a a sad sad sad reality reality reality ——our our desire desire desire to to to avoid avoid avoid interacting interacting interacting with with with other other other human human human beings beings beings ——because there’s there’s 2 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn’t know it, 3 into your phone. This universal protection sends the 4 : “Please don’t approach me.”What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens? One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as “weird weird”. We fear we’ll be ”. We fear we’ll be  7 . We fear we’ll be disruptive. disruptive. Strangers Strangers Strangers are are are inherently inherently 8 to to us, us, us, so so so we we we are are are more more more likely likely likely to to to feel feel 9 when communicating communicating with with with them them them compared compared compared with with with our our our friends friends friends and and and acquaintances. acquaintances. acquaintances. To To To avoid avoid avoid this this this anxiety, anxiety, we 10 to our phones. “Phones become our security blanket,” Wortmann says. “They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 .”But But once once once we we we rip rip rip off off off the the the bandaid, bandaid, bandaid, tuck tuck tuck our our our smartphones smartphones smartphones in in in our our our pockets pockets pockets and and and look look look up, up, up, it it doesn’t doesn’t 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder Schroeder asked asked asked commuters commuters commuters to to to do do do the the the unthinkable: unthinkable: unthinkable: Start Start Start a a 13 . They They had had had Chicago Chicago Chicago train train commuters talk to their fellow 14 . “When Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the the same same same train train train station station station to to 15 how how they they they would would would feel feel feel after after after talking talking talking to to to a a a stranger, stranger, stranger, the the the commuters commuters thought thought their their 16 would would be be be more more more pleasant pleasant pleasant if if if they they they sat sat sat on on on their their their own,” own,” own,” the the the New New New Y ork Y ork Times Times summarizes. Though the participants didn’t expect a positive experience, after they 17 with the experiment, “not a single person reported havi ng been embarrassed .”.”18 , these these commutes commutes commutes were were were reportedly reportedly reportedly more more more enjoyable enjoyable enjoyable compared compared compared with with with those those those without without communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of social connections. 20 : Talking to strangers can make you feel connected. It’s that 20 : Talking to strangers can make you feel connected. 1. [A] ticket [B] permit [C] signal [D] record 2. [A] nothing [B] link [C] another [D] much 3. [A] beaten [B] guided [C] plugged [D] brought 4. [A] message [B] cede [C] notice [D] sign 5. [A] under [B] beyond [C] behind [D] from 6. [A] misinterpreted [B] misapplied [C] misadjusted [D] mismatched 7. [A] fired [B] judged [C] replaced [D] delayed 8. [A] unreasonable [B] ungrateful [C] unconventional [D] unfamiliar 9. [A] comfortable [B] anxious [C] confident [D] angry 10. [A] attend [B] point [C] take [D] turn 11. [A] dangerous [B] mysterious [C] violent [D] boring 12. [A] hurt [B] resist [C] bend [D] decay 13. [A] lecture [B]conversation [C] debate [D] negotiation 14. [A] trainees [B] employees [C] researchers [D] passengers 15. [A] reveal [B] choose [C] predict [D] design 16. [A] voyage [B] flight [C] walk [D] ride 17. [A] went through [B] did away [C] caught up [D] put up 18. [A] In turn [B]In particular [C] In fact [D] In consequence 19. [A] unless [B] since [C] if [D] whereas 20. [A] funny [B] simple [C] logical [D] rare Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1 A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge. “Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,” writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damske. In fact women t work, she notes. “It is men, not women, who report being happier at even say they feel better ahold true for both those with true for both those with children and that findings hold home than at work.” Another surprise is without, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health. What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the the blurring blurring blurring of of of roles, roles, roles, and and and the the the fact fact fact that that that the the the home home home front front front lags lags lags well well well behind behind behind the the the workplace workplace workplace in in in making making adjustments for worki ng women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But it’s not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they’re supposed to be doing: working, marking money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.  On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues — your family — have no clear rewards rewards for for for their their their labor; labor; labor; they they they need need need to to to be be be talked talked talked into into into it, it, it, or or or if if if they’re they’re they’re teenagers, teenagers, teenagers, threatened threatened threatened with with co complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’re your family. You cannot fire your family. mplete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home. So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate. 21. According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home ______. [A] was an unrealistic place for relaxation [B] generated more stress than the workplace [C] was an ideal place for stress measurement [D] offered greater relaxation than the workplace 22. According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home? [A] Working mothers [B] Childless husbands [C] Childless wives [D] Working fathers 23. The blurring of working women’s roles refers to the fact that ______. [A] they are both bread winners and housewives [B] their home is also a place for kicking back [C] there is often much housework left behind [D] it is difficult for them to leave their office 24. The word moola (Paragraph 4) most probably means ______. [A] energy [B] skills [C] earnings [D] nutrition 25. The home front differs from the workplace in that ______. [A] home is hardly a cozier working environment [B] division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut [C] household tasks are generally more motivating [D] family labor is often adequately rewarded Text 2For years, studies have found that first-generation college students — those who do not have a parent parent with with with a a a college college college degree degree degree —— lag lag other other other students students students on on on a a a range range range of of of education education education achievement achievement achievement factors. factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades decades to to to recruit recruit recruit more more more of of of them. them. them. This This This has has has creat creat created ed ed “a “a “a paradox” paradox” paradox” in in in that that that recruiting recruiting recruiting first first first-generation -generation students, students, but but but then then then watching watching watching many many many of of of them them them fail, fail, fail, means means means that that that higher higher higher education education education has has has “continued “continued “continued to to reproduce and widen, rather than close” an achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science . But But the article is the article is a ctually actually actually quite optimistic, as quite optimistic, as i t it it outlines a potential solution outlines a potential solution to to this problem, this problem, suggesting suggesting that that that an an an approach approach approach (which (which (which involves involves involves a a a one-hour, one-hour, one-hour, next-to-no-cost next-to-no-cost next-to-no-cost program) program) program) can can can close close close 63 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students. The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving involving 147 147 147 students students students (who (who (who completed completed completed the the the project) project) project) at at at an an an unnamed unnamed unnamed private private private university. university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students (59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least one parent with a four-year degree. Their thesis — that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact — was based on the the view view view that that that first-generation first-generation first-generation students students students may may may be be be most most most lacking lacking lacking not not not in in in potential potential potential but but but in in in practical practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap. Many first-first-generation generation students “struggle to navigate the middle middle-class -class culture of higher education, learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of college resources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when collages don’t talk about the clas class s advantage and disadvantages disadvantages of of of different different different groups groups groups of of of students. students. students. Because Because Because US US US colleges colleges colleges and and and universities universities universities seldom seldom acknowledge acknowledge how how how social social social class class class can can can affect affect affect students’ students’ students’ educational educational educational experience, experience, experience, many many many first first first-generation -generation students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students like them can improve. 26. Recruiting more first-generation students has ______. [A] reduced their dropout rates [B] narrowed the achievement gap [C] missed its original purpose [D] depressed college students 27. The author of the research article are optimistic because ______. [A] the problem is solvable [B] their approach is costless [C] the recruiting rate has increased [D] their findings appeal to students 28. The study suggests that most first-generation students ______. [A] study at private universities [B] are from single-parent families [C] are in need of financial support [D] have failed their college 29. The author of the paper believe that first-generation students ______. [A] are actually indifferent to the achievement gap [B] can have a potential influence on other students [C] may lack opportunities to apply for research projects [D] are inexperienced in handling their issues at college 30. We may infer from the last paragraph that ______. [A] universities often reject the culture of the middle-class [B] students are usually to blame for their lack of resources [C] social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences [D] colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question Text 3 Even in in traditional traditional traditional offices, offices, offices, “the “the “the lingua lingua lingua franca franca franca of of of corporate corporate corporate America America America has has has gotten gotten gotten much much much more more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago,” said Harvard Business School professor professor Nancy Nancy Nancy Koehn. Koehn. Koehn. She She She started started started spinning spinning spinning off off off examples. examples. examples. “If “If “If you you you and and and I I I parachu parachu parachuted ted ted back back back to to Fortune 500 companies in 1990, we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, passion. passion. There There There were were were goals, goals, goals, there there there were were were strategies, strategies, strategies, there there there were were were objectives, objectives, objectives, but but but we we we didn’t didn’t didn’t talk talk talk about about energy; we didn’t talk about passion.” Koehn p o inted out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very “team”ointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very “team”-oriented -oriented —— and not by coincidence. “Let’s not forget sports — in male-dominated corporate America, it’s still a big deal. It’s not explicitly conscious; it’s the idea that I’m a coach, and you’re my team, and we’re in this this together. together. together. There There There are are are lots lots lots and and and lots lots lots of of of CEOs CEOs CEOs in in in very very very different different different companies, companies, companies, but but but most most most think think think of of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win.” These terms terms are are are also also also intended intended intended to to to infuse infuse infuse work work work with with with meaning meaning meaning —— and, and, as as as Khurana Khurana Khurana points points points out, out, increase allegiance to the firm. “You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: Terms like vision, values, passion, and purpose,” said Khu rana.  This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud loud debates debates debates over over over work-work-work-life life life balance. balance. balance. The The The “mommy “mommy “mommy wars” wars” wars” of of of the the the 1990s 1990s 1990s are are are still still still going going going on on on today, today, prompting prompting arguments arguments arguments about about about why why why women women women still still still can’t can’t can’t have have have it it it all all all and and and books books books like like like Sheryl Sheryl Sheryl Sandberg’s Sandberg’s Lean In, whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug, offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. But if your work is your “passion,” you’ll be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.  But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it, but managers love it, companies companies depend depend depend on on on it, it, it, and and and regular regular regular people people people willingly willingly willingly absorb absorb absorb it. it. it. As As As Nunberg Nunberg Nunberg said, said, said, “Y ou “Y ou can can can get get people people to to to think think think it’s it’s it’s nonsense nonsense nonsense at at at the the the same same same time time time that that that you you you buy buy buy into into into it.” it.” it.” In In In a a a workplace workplace workplace that’s that’s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work — and how your work defines who you are. 31. According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become ______. [A] more emotional [B] more objective [C] less energetic [D] less strategic 32. “Team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to ______. [A] historical incidents [B] gender difference [C] sports culture [D] athletic executive 33. Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to ______. [A] revive historical terms [B] promote company image [C] foster corporate cooperation [D] strengthen employee loyalty 34. It can be inferred that Lean In ______. [A] voices for working women [B] appeals to passionate workaholics [C] triggers debates among mommies [D] praises motivated employees 35. Which of the following statements is true about office speak? [A] Managers admire it but avoid it [B] Linguists believe it to be nonsense [C] Companies find it to be fundamental [D] Regular people mock it but accept it Text 4 Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent, as good news. And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.  However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who repot voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830,000 (4.4 percent) above its year ago level.  Before Before explaining explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They take part-time work work because because because this this this is is is all all all they they they can can can get. get. get. An An An increase increase increase in in in involuntary involuntary involuntary part-time part-time part-time work work work is is is evidence evidence evidence of of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.  There was was an an an increase increase increase in in in involuntary involuntary involuntary part-time part-time part-time in in in June, June, June, but but but the the the general general general direction direction direction has has has been been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by 640,000 (7.9 percent) from is year ago level.  We know know the the the difference difference difference between between between voluntary voluntary voluntary and and and involuntary involuntary involuntary part-time part-time part-time employment employment employment because because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is “yes”, they are classified as worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice. They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.  The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow allow people people people to to to get get get insurance insurance insurance outside outside outside of of of employment. employment. employment. For For For many many many people, people, people, especially especially especially those those those with with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions, before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.  However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance. 36. Which part of the jobs picture are neglected? [A] The prospect of a thriving job market. [B] The increase of voluntary part-time market. [C] The possibility of full employment. [D] The acceleration of job creation. 37. Many people work part-time because they ______. [A] prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobs. [B] feel that is enough to make ends meet. [C] cannot get their hands on full-time jobs. [D] haven’t seen the weakness of the market. 38. Involuntary part-time employment in the US ______. [A] is harder to acquire than one year ago. [B] shows a general tendency of decline. [C] satisfies the real need of the jobless. [D] is lower than before the recession. 39. It can be learned that with Obamacare, ______. [A] it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insurance [B] employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance [C] it is still challenging to get insurance for family members [D] full-time employment is still essential for insurance 40. The text mainly discusses ______. [A] employment in the US [B] part-timer classification [C] insurance through Medicaid [D] Obamacare’s troubl e Part BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANS WER SHEET. (10 (10 points)[A] You are not alone [B] Don’t fear responsibility for your life[C] Pave your own unique path [D] Most of your fears are unreal [E] Think about the present moment [F] Experience helps you grow [G] There are many things to be grateful for Unfortunately, Unfortunately, life life life is is is not not not a a a bed bed bed of of of roses. roses. roses. We We We are are are going going going through through through life life life facing facing facing sad sad sad experiences. experiences. Moreover, we are grieving various kinds of loss: a friendship, a romantic relationship or a house. Hard Hard times times times may may may hold hold hold you you you down down down at at at what what what usually usually usually seems seems seems like like like the the the most most most inopportune inopportune inopportune time, time, time, but but but you you should remember that they won’t last forever.When our time of mourning is over, we press forward, stronger with a greater understanding and and respect respect respect for for for life. life. life. Furthermore, Furthermore, Furthermore, these these these losses losses losses make make make us us us mature mature mature and and and eventually eventually eventually move move move us us us toward toward future opportunities for growth and happiness. I want to share these ten old truths I’ve learned along the way. 41. ___________________ Fear is both useful and harmful. This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it. Unfortunately, people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating exaggerating fears. fears. fears. My My My favorite favorite favorite actor actor actor Will Will Will Smith Smith Smith once once once said, said, said, “Fear “Fear “Fear is is is not not not real. real. real. It It It is is is a a a product product product of of thoughts thoughts you you you create. create. create. Do Do Do not not not misunderstand misunderstand misunderstand me. me. me. Danger Danger Danger is is is very very very real. real. real. But But But fear fear fear is is is a a a choice.” choice.” choice.” I I I do do completely agree that fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination. 42. ___________________ If you are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about the past, try to focus on the present moment. Many of us are weighed down by the past or anxious about the future. You may feel guilt over your past, but you are poisoning the present with the things and circumstances you cannot change. Value the present moment and remember how fortunate you are to be alive. Enjoy the beauty of the world around and keep the eyes open to see the possibilities before you. Happiness is not a point of future and not a moment from the past, but a mindset that can be designed into the present. 43. ___________________ Sometimes it is easy to feel bad because you are going through tough times. You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have. Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something. 44. ___________________ No No matter matter matter how how how isolated isolated isolated you you you might might might feel feel feel and and and how how how serious serious serious the the the situation situation situation is, is, is, you you you should should should always always remember that you are not alone. Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life, especially your dearest and nearest people. Y ou may have a circle of friends who provide constant good humor, help and companionship. If you have no friends or relatives, try to participate in several online communities, full of people who are always willing to share advice and encouragement. 45. ___________________ Today Today many many many people people people find find find it it it difficult difficult difficult to to to trust trust trust their their their own own own opinion opinion opinion and and and seek seek seek balance balance balance by by by gaining gaining objectivity objectivity from from from external external external sources. sources. sources. This This This way way way you you you devalue devalue devalue your your your opinion opinion opinion and and and show show show that that that you you you are are incapable of managing your own life. When you are struggling to achieve something important you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best. You live in your skin, think your own thoughts, have your own values and make your own choices. 。

2015考研英语二真题：阅读理解2015年考研已经圆满结束了，考研英语频道会第一时间为广大考生更新2015年考研英语二真题，大家可以按Ctrl+D收藏我们的网站，以便第一时间查看自己的成绩!更多考研信息尽在考研频道Text 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually morestressed at home that at work. Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which isstress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found ithigher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.“Further contradicting convent ional wisdom, we found that women as well asmen have lower levels of stress at work than at home,” writes one of theresearchers, Sarah Damaske. In fact women even say they feel better at work, shenotes, “It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work.”Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children andwithout, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside thehome have better health.What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work whenthey’re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from theoffice. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kickback. For womenwho stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who workoutside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With theblurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace inmaking adjustments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are morestressed at home.But it’s not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know whatthey’re supposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks they haveto do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hoursof physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the householdin which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are alot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your homecolleagues- your family- have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to betalked into it, or if they’re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of allelectronic devices. Plus, they’re your family. You cannot fire your family. You neverreally get to go home from home.So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are thetasks apparently infinite, the co- workers are much harder to motivate.21. According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home_______[A] was an unrealistic place for relaxation[B] generated more stress than the workplace[C] was an ideal place for stress measurement[D] offered greater relaxation than the workplace22. According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?[A] Working mothers[B] Childless husbands[C] Childless wives[D] Working fathers23. The blurring of working women’s roles refers to the fact thay_______[A] they are both bread winners and housewives[B] their home is also a place for kicking back[C] there is often much housework left behind[D] it is difficult for them to leave their office24. The word “moola”(Line 4, Para 4) most probably means_______[A] energy[B] skills[C] earnings[D] nutrition25. The home front differs from the workplace in that_______[A] home is hardly a cozier working environment[B] division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut[C] household tasks are generally more motivating[D] family labor is often adequately rewardedText2For years, studies have found that first-generation college students- those whodo not have a parent with a college degree- lag other students on a range ofeducation achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates arehigher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if theysucceed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades torecruit more of them. This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting firstgenerationstudents, but then watching many of them fail, means that highereducation has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” abachievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of apaper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to thisproblem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-costprogram) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factorsas grades) between first-generation and other students.The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings arebased on a study involving 147 students ( who completed the project) at anunnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parentwith a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent)were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financialneed, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parentwith a four-year degree.Their thesis- that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact- wasbased on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not inpotential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that facemost college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that thisis the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.Many first- generation students “struggle to navigate the middle-class culture ofhigher education, learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of collegeresources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when collages don’ttalk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students.Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class canaffect students ’educational experience, many first-generation students lack sightabout why they are struggling and do not understand how students’ like themcan improve.26. Recruiting more first- generation students has_______[A] reduced their dropout rates[B] narrowed the achievement gao[C] missed its original purpose[D] depressed college students27. The author of the research article are optimistic because_______[A] the problem is solvable[B] their approach is costless[C] the recruiting rate has increased[D] their finding appeal to students28. The study suggests that most first- generation students______[A] study at private universities[B] are from single-parent families[C] are in need of financial support[D] have failed their collage29. The author of the paper believe that first-generation students_______[A] are actually indifferent to the achievement gap[B] can have a potential influence on other students[C] may lack opportunities to apply for research projects[D] are inexperienced in handling their issues at college30. We may infer from the last paragraph that_______[A] universities often reject the culture of the middle-class[B] students are usually to blame for their lack of resources[C] social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences[D] colleges are partly responsible for the problem in questionText3Even in traditional offices, “the lingua franca of corporate America has gottenmuch more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago,”said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn. She started spinning offexamples. “If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990, wewould see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, passion. Therewere goals, there were strategies, there were objectives, but we didn’t talk aboutenergy; we didn’t talk about passion.”Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very“team”-oriented—and not by coincidence. “Let’s not forget sports—inmale-dominated corporate America, it’s still a big deal. It’s not explicitlyconscious; it’s the idea that I’m a coach, and you’re my team, and we’re in thistogether. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies, but mostthink of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win.”These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning—and, as Khuranapoints out, increase allegiance to the firm. “You have the importation ofterminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizationsand religious organizations: Terms like vision, values, passion, and purpose,” saidKhurana.This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivatedamid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance. The “mommy wars” of the1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can’thave it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg’s Lean In, whose title has become abuzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug, offline, life-hack, bandwidth, andcapacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. But ifyour work is your “passion,” you’ll be more likely to devote yourself to it, even ifthat means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyonemakes fun of it, butmanagers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorb it.As Nunberg said, “You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same timethat you buy into it.” In a workplace that’s fundamentally indifferent to your lifeand its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to yourwork—and how your work defines who you are.31. According to Nancy Koehn,office language has become_____[A] more emotional[B] more objective[C] less energetic[D] less strategic32. “team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to_______[A] historical incidents[B] gender difference[C] sports culture[D] athletic executives33.Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to______[A] revive historical terms[B] promote company image[C] foster corporate cooperation[D] strengthen employee loyalty34.It can be inferred that Lean In________[A] voices for working women[B] appeals to passionate workaholics[C] triggers dcbates among mommies[D] praises motivated employees35.Which of the following statements is true about office speak?[A] Managers admire it but avoid it[B] Linguists believe it to be nonsense[C] Companies find it to be fundamental[D] Regular people mock it but accept itText 4Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported forJune, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent, as good news.And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decentpace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least weare now finally moving forward at a faster pace.However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largelyoverlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarilyworking part-time. This figure is now 830,000(4.4 percent) above its year ago level.Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making animportant distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-timejobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get.An increase ininvoluntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down. Involuntarypart-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by640,000(7.9 percent) from its year ago level.We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employmentbecause people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people ifthey worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is “yes,” theyare classified as working part-time. They survey then asks whether they worked lessthan 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time orbecause they had no choice. They are only classified as voluntary part-time workersif they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the mainpurposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For manypeople, especially those with serious health conditions of family members withserious health conditions, before Obamacare the only way to get insurance wasthrough a job that provided health insurance.However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 millionpeople to either getinsurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who maypreviously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in orderto cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a linkbetween employment and insurance.36. Which part of the jobs picture was neglected?A. The prospect of a thriving job market.B. The increase of voluntary part-time jobs.C. The possibility of full employment.D. The acceleration of job creation.37. Many people work part-time because theyA. prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobsB. feel that is enough to make ends meetC. cannot get their hands on full-time jobsD. haven’t seen the weakness of the market38. Involuntary part-time employment in the USA. is harder to acquire than one year agoB. shows a general tendency of declineC. satisfies the real need of the joblessD. is lower than before the recession39. It can be learned that with Obamacare, __________.A. it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insuranceB. employment is no longer a precondition to get insuranceC. it is still challenging to get insurance for family membersD. full-time employment is still essential for insurance.40. The text mainly discusses____________.A. employment in the USB. part-timer classificationC. insurance through MedicaidD. Obamacare’s trouble点击查看推荐阅读:。