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专题二名词、冠词、代词、数词和主谓一致(+完形填空+语篇填空)A级基础过关Ⅰ.单句填空1.(2018山东烟台二模)Like many athletic (activity),yoga comes with some risk.As (it) popularity has gradually risen,so has the number of yoga-related injuries.2.(2018四川乐山二模)They tested 520 university students on their memory and intelligence when in the presence of a smart phone to see how affected them.3.(2018广东深圳一模)Mulan’s characteristics,such as courage,kindness and a disinterested attitude toward fame and fortune,made (she) one of the most respected historical Chinese heroines.4.(2018四川乐山三模)The Moroccan diet is rich in fruits and vegetables.Throughout history,as each new culture moved to Morocco,they introduced (they) own tastes and styles into the country.5.(2018内蒙古赤峰4月模拟)Two of my (hero) have completed a bigproject.6.(2018安徽江淮十校4月联考)In Chinese culture,each year is related toChinese animal according to the 12-year cycle.7.(2018山东泰安二模) “My wallet is no longer in use.I can buy and eat whatever I want simply with a fingertip on my phone,”said university student,adding that even pancake sellers are using mobile payment.8.They are called latchkey children,who look after (them) while their parents work.9.(2018新疆乌鲁木齐三模)An early use of the word “chickenfeed” appeared in 1930 in an American book about a rich man and son.“Chickenfeed” also has another interesting meaning.10.(2018湖南株洲二模)Temple fairs,originating along with the development of Buddhist and Taoist activities,(be) a kind of mass gatherings that integrate(融合) religious worship,entertainment and commerce.Ⅱ.单句改错1.(2018河北保定二模)They send letters to businesses,go to job interviews,and ask our friends and relations for help.2.(2018山东济南二模)Then we began to play with them.I drew picture with the older kids,and my classmates told stories to the younger ones.3.(2018河北唐山三模)Recite poems not only enriches my knowledges,but also makes my job less boring.4.(2018安徽江南十校二模联考)That’s true.A friend of me,who often does the same thing,is beginning to feel bad too.5.(2018安徽江南十校二模联考)Instead,we should work out to keep healthy,because anything is more important than health.6.(2018重庆三模) We met each other at junior high school.She was shortest in our class at that time.前面加the7.(2018河南洛阳三模) I know someday I’ll have a same feeling as this lovely man.8.(2018陕西西安八校联考) I know a teacher mood may influence his students,especially our attitudes towards study.9.(2018河南郑州三模) Some students cut potatoes into pieces,some dug hole,and the others put the pieces of potatoes into the holes,put the earth back and pushed them down hard.10.The situation is even worse in the least developed countries—only one in 10 people have regular access to the Internet.B级能力提升Ⅲ.完形填空(2018山东泰安二模)These days,upcycling(升级改造) is popular with people.They 1 something unique from existing materials rather than buy more.My granny,Bobo has spent 92 years doing just that out of necessity.Wasting time and resources was 2 an option in the world she grew up in.With seven children to 3 ,she lived a hard and economical life.Bobo has been upcycling 4 the day Great-Granny Annie put a needle in her hand and taught her how to give new 5 to every fabric(织物)in their farmhouse.Just like Bobo,my mother,Cindy, 6 making her clothes.She 7 her homecoming dress and bought the fabric with money she earned 8 at the can factory.One generation passed on to the next the 9 of creating something beautiful and useful by hand.Granny’s and Mom’s sewing skills meant that no matter thebudget,Christmas,birthday,and wedding gifts were 10 .From a baby blanket to abib(围嘴),each treasure 11 a special quality of personalization.In my home I am 12 by upcycling at its best.Thanks to Bobo’s 13 ways,the artistry of handwork lives on in four 14 of crafters.Granny Bobo lived it.Mom carried it on.I am picking it up by listening and15 .Now my daughter,Greta,is also learning to use those 16 .I sit and watch 17 as Bobo’s hands weave needle and thread.In 92 years,her hands have known and 18 life,home and family.Age has brought the 19 of some memories.But if you listen to her stories while she 20 ,you’ll journey back to the old farm with her.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。
2018届高考英语冠词复习题
2018届高考英语冠词复习题 2018届高考英语冠词复习题冠词
●考点分析
冠词是重要的虚词之一，是高考必考的知识点，通常以单项选择题的形式出现。
涉及的知识点包括过不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词三方面的具体用法。
冠词只有三种形式但是冠词的内涵丰富，用法灵活，最能体现英语独特的形式特征，又极易给中国考生带麻烦。
题目的设置主要考查的是冠词的一些最基本的用法每年单选试题中均有一道关于冠词知识的考查。
●考点核心知识梳理概括（专题知识构建）
冠词的习惯用法
(一)不定冠词的重要用法
1表示身份、职业
不定冠词用于单数可数名词前表示身份、职业，尤其用在作表语或宾语补足语的名词前。
她是一位中学教师，名叫李芳。
怀特夫妇想要他们的女儿成为音乐家。
注意独一无二的职位名词在句中做表语，补语和同位语时，一般不用冠词，但是如果做了句子的主语或是宾语时候，要在前面加冠词。
他是球队队长。
张飞是他们的班长，英语很棒。
2表示“同一”，相当于the same。
即 be + of + a/an+n= be + of + the same+n 如
那两个男孩同岁。
高三第二轮专题知识练习---名词与冠词精练一1、on-going division between English-speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is majorconcern of the country.A、The;/B、The;aC、An;theD、An;/2、Some boys think that Nike basketball shoes,though still must –have item for some students, arebecoming out of date.A、/;theB、a; theC、a;/D、the; A3、teacher of my grandmother’s is coming the day after tomorrow. I’m wondering how oldwomen she should be.A、The; aB、A; aC、A; theD、The; the4、When you finish reading the book, you will have better understanding of life.A、a; theB、the; aC、/;theD、a;/5、The newspaper did not mention the of the damage caused by the fire.A、rangeB、levelC、extentD、quantity6、This book tells life story of John Smith, who left school and worked for a newspaper at the age of16.A、the; theB、a; theC、the;/D、a;/7、How do you turn big White House into home, a sweet home ?That is one of the challenges faced byeach first lady in America.A、the; aB、a; theC、a; aD、the; the8、As is known to all, tiger is in danger of dying out.A、a; aB、the;/C、a;/D、the; the9、Health and______ education are matters that______ most voters feel strongly about.A、the; theB、the;/C、/;/D、a; the10、I often have conversations with Tom over telephone, while keeping in touch with Jim by mail.A、/;theB、/;/C、the; aD、the;/11、Being able to speak another language fluently is a great___ when you are looking for a job.A、chanceB、importanceC、assistantD、advantage12、To qualify, you must have good knowledge of chemistry.A、a;/B、a; theC、the; theD、/;/13、Housewives who do not go out to work often feel they are not working to their full .A、capacityB、strengthC、lengthD、possibility14、The environmentalists said wild goats’___________on the vast grasslands was a good indication of the betterenvironment.A、escapeB、absenceC、attendanceD、appearance15、It is_______world of wonders,__________world where anything can happen.A、a; theB、a; aC、the; aD、/;/1-----5BCBDC 6---10CABCD 11—15DAADB精练二1、For a long time they walked without saying word. Jim was the first to break silence.A、the; aB、a; theC、a;/D、the;/2、A thief is a danger to .A、societyB、the societyC、societiesD、a society3、----who came out first in the London Marathon?----Michael. He’s always first to reach the line.A、the; theB、/;/C、/;theD、the;/4、His honesty is and nobody ever doubts it.A、beyond questionB、out of the questionC、in questionD、beside the question5、The most important thing about cotton in history is________part that it played in _________IndustrialRevolution.A、/;/B、the;/C、the; theD、a; the6、The English Channel, also known as CCTV-9,provides English viewers both in China and restof the world with news and some other special programs 24 hours a day.A、the; theB、the;/C、/;/D、/;the7、Great__________have been taken to finish the work ahead of time.A、painsB、woundsC、troublesD、strengths8、----What do you think of the manager of your company?----Oh, he is manager who’s pleasant to work with. It’s pleasure to work with him.A、the; aB、a; aC、a; theD、/;a9、If we want to reach our goal and truly make ,we must know what we can do try our best to do well.A、a differenceB、an offerC、a constructionD、a result10、----Officer I want to report loss of package.----What has happened to it?A、/;aB、/;theC、the; aD、a; the11、Giving small children some money as a gift during the Spring Festival is a common in China, whichmay seem strange to foreigners?A、senseB、practiceC、groundD、habit12、Mark, can you make of this sentence? I don’t understand it.A、useB、senseC、meaningD、difference13、Look at the lift, It’s out off.Can’t you get someone to fix it?A、conditionB、orderC、dangerD、work14、----Have you read English novel?----Yes, I have. But I really want to read it second time since it’s so interesting.A、an; aB、an; theC、the; aD、the; the15、If you buy more than ten, they knock 20 pence off .A、a priceB、priceC、the priceD、prices1-----5BACAC 6---10DABAC 11---15BBBCC。
2018高考英语语法专题练习冠词（含答案和解析）冠词是高考英语中的必考知识点，体现在语法填空和单项选择这两大题型中。
正确掌握冠词的用法非常重要，今天，我们讲练结合，说一说冠词的用法。
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空1．(2016·汉中市二模)Have__a__good time!解析：考查冠词。
have a good time玩得开心。
2．(2014·天津，8改编)Life is like __an__ ocean: Only __the__strong－willed can reach the other shore.解析：第一个空表示泛指，且ocean以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an；形容词前用定冠词表示一类人，thestrong－willed意为“意志坚强的人”。
3．(2014·重庆，6改编)I can't tell you __the__ way to the Wilson's because we don't have __a__ Wilson here in the village.解析：way后有介词短语作定语，表特指，所以第一空填定冠词the；泛指“一个名叫Wilson的人”，第二空填不定冠词a。
4．(2014·陕西，19改编)__The__ village where I was born has grown into __a__ town.解析：village后有定语从句修饰，是特指，故第一空填定冠词；泛指“一座城镇”，故第二空填不定冠词a。
5．(2016·大庆市一模)Every time therewas__an__outbreak，a great number of terrified people died.解析：there was＋可数名词单数，且“outbreak”以元音音素开头，故用an。
6．__The__ news of the mayor's coming to our school for a visit was given out on the radio yesterday.解析：句意为：市长来我们学校参观的新闻昨天通过收音机发布了。
考点一名词和冠词考向研究语法填空对名词的考查主要包括名词的单复数和所有格，以及给出动词、形容词等提示词要求正确写出其对应的名词形式。
短文改错重点考查名词的单复数、不可数名词、名词与其他词类的词性转换等。
对冠词的考查主要是不定冠词a，an和定冠词the的基本用法及固定搭配。
短文改错中的冠词类题目，除了判断是表示特指还是泛指外，还需要注意单数可数名词前必须有冠词，同时对常见的固定搭配中的冠词也要熟练掌握。
技法点击(一)名词复数变化规则有些名词的复数形式不是以加-s或-es构成的，它们的不规则构成形式如下：1．单复数同形的名词。
例如：sheep绵羊；deer鹿；aircraft飞行器；Chinese中国人；Japanese日本人；means手段；works 工厂；series系列2．自身有特殊变化的名词。
例如：child孩子→children；man男人→men；woman女人→women；tooth牙→teeth；foot脚；英尺→feet；mouse老鼠→mice；criterion标准→criteria；medium传播媒介→media；phenomenon 现象→phenomena3．需要注意的两个问题：(1)one of 后接可数名词的复数形式；(2)在做题时可从名词前的限定词及谓语动词的形式确定是否用名词的复数形式。
(二)转换为名词的判断方法1．根据名词的功能来判断是否需要填名词。
名词在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语、宾补等。
做题时可以根据提示词在句中所作的成分判断空格处是否需要填名词。
2．根据语境来判断是否需要填名词。
名词通常出现在及物动词、形容词、介词、冠词及其他限定词后。
过关检测Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．When the deadly poison was finally brought to Socrates，his friends were in tears(tear)，but Socrates seemed to be the bravest man in the room.(2018·广东东莞三调)[解析]in tears 表示“眼含泪水”，固定搭配，故填tears。
课时1 课标词汇(1)与名词、冠词和主谓一致【课标词汇演练】Ⅰ.完成句子1．Two bullet trains __________ by Chinese engineers passed ________________ at 420 km/h on Friday, in an experiment ________ by China Railway Corporation that set a world record.在由中国铁路总公司实施的创造世界纪录的实验中，中国工程师设计的两列子弹头火车在周五以每小时420公里的速度以相反的方向从彼此旁边经过。
2．Owing to ________ performances at the world championships last year, China's swimming and track and field teams ________ win medals in multiple events, including men's 400m freestyle swimming, men's long jump and women's race walking, ________________ experienced foreign trainers.由于在去年的世界锦标赛上的突破性的表现，借助经验丰富的外国教练，中国游泳和田径项目团队的目标是在多个项目上赢得奖牌，包括男子400米自由式游泳，男子跳远和女子竞走。
3．______________________，the furniture shop confirms that the regular customers will gain 15 percent discount and have the chance to ________ the classical Europeanstyle furniture.为了提高服务标准，家具店确认常客将享受15%的折扣，还有机会欣赏欧式古典家具。
2018全国高考汇编之代词+名词+冠词一（2018安徽卷）24．You can ask anyone for help. here is willing to lend you a hand.A. OneB. No oneC. EveryoneD. Someone【考点】观察代词词义辨析【答案】C【分析】本题查察的是代词的词义辨析。
One某一个人/物（指代可数名词单数，表示泛指）；no one=nobody没有人；everyone每一个人（重申全体）；someone 某个人。
句义：你能够向任何一个人求援，这里的每一个人都愿意帮助你。
依据句义可知本句中的everyone重申所有人都愿意帮助你。
故C正确。
【贯通融会】I have no camera to lend to you, but my brother has _____. He bought ___ only a few days ago.A. it; oneB. one; itC. it; itD. one; one【答案】B试题剖析：句意：我没有照相机借给你，但我哥哥有一部。
就在几日前他买的。
one系泛指同种物；it 则是特指同一物。
有上下文可简单看出选B。
二（2018安徽卷）29．— Why not buy a second-hand car first if you don't have enough money for a new one?— That's a good .A. sayingB. questionC. suggestionD. account【考点】观察名词词义辨析【答案】C【分析】本题中名词saying谚语；question问题；suggestion建议；account账户，描绘；句义：—假如你没有足够的钱买新的汽车，为何不先买一辆二手的汽车呢？—这是一个很好的建议。
依据第一句话中的Why not….?可知是在提出建议。
2018高考英语二轮备考练习1--名词与冠词2017年高考真题【2017·全国卷Ⅰ】As ________ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.【解析】考查冠词。
根据固定短语as a result “结果”，可知答案填a。
【2017·全国卷Ⅰ】 This trend, ... , has had some unintended side62_________(effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.【解析】effects表示“一些意料外的副作用”，故用复数。
【2017·全国卷Ⅱ】 It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 61__________(crowd) on the roads...【解析】crowds避免拥挤的人群。
【2017·全国卷Ⅲ】 She has turned down several 67__________(invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.【解析】invitations由前面的several可知，要用复数形式。
【2017·江苏卷】24.The publication of Great Expectations, which _______ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.A. isB. areC. wasD. were【答案】C【解析】考查主谓一致。
先行词是Great Expectations, “Great Expectation”是书名，看做单数，所以定语从句的谓语也要使用单数形式；根据“strengthened”可知，说的是过去，故选C。
句意：《远大前程》的出版获得了广泛的认可和高度的赞扬，这坐实了狄更斯作为前沿小说家的地位。
【名师点睛】一、主语从句的主谓一致单个从句作主语时看做单数，多个从句并列作主语时看做复数。
e. g. What we lack today steel and concrete.what从句作主语，如果主句的表语是复数，主句谓语动词用复数，否则用单数。
e. g. What he wants to get are some books.二、定语从句的主谓一致1. 一般情况下，关系代词作从句主语时，从句谓语动词应和先行词在数上保持一致。
2. 集体名词作先行词，被视作一个整体时，关系代词用which，从句谓语用单数；被视作若干个体的组合时，用who作关系代词，谓语动词用复数；常见的集体名词有：family, audience, class, club, government, union, staff, team, couple, committee, crow, firm, public, orchestra, company等。
3. 先行词是“one of十复数名词”时，从句谓语动词用复数。
如果先行词是“the right/ just the/ the only/ the very/ exactly the+one of+复数名词”时，谓语动词用单数。
4. 强调句型中，形式主语it后总是接单数is/ was；强调主语时，从句谓语动词与被强调主语部分的数保持一致。
考点：考查主谓一致【2017·天津卷】6. Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _______ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.A. regardB. is regardedC. are regardedD. regards【答案】B【解析】句意：现在骑自行车，慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一。
根据动词短语regard…as…把……看做……和句意确定应该用被动语态排除A和D，再根据主语部分是由介词短语along with连接的三个动名词做主语，应该谓语动词就前一致，即用单数，排除C，故选B.考点：考查动词语态和主谓一致考查交际用语。
【名师点睛】本题考查方向涉及到动词的语态和主谓一致，首先要把握句意，判断主谓之间是主动还是被动关系，再者就是考查学生的考虑是否全面，即加之判断谓语动词的单复数，考查了学生对主谓一致中就前一致的把握。
2016年高考真题1.【2016·浙江卷】4. It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late payments may affect your ______.A. conditionB. incomeC. creditD. status 【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：准时付电费很重要，因为付晚了会影响你的信用。
Condition条件；income收入；credit学分，信用（卡）。
根据句意故选C。
考点：考查名词辨析。
【名师点睛】名词最常考的命题形式是名词词义辨析，对于同义词辨析，我们一定要平时注意积累。
由做题经验可知，同义词辨析大多是在具体语境中，由关键固定短语来判断的。
真正的词义辨析题很少。
常考的名词词义辨析词有: custom风俗习惯；habit个人习惯；tradition传统；scene场景；scenery自然风景（总称）；view 特定位置的景观；sight人文或历史景观；skill技能；ability能力；talent才华；strength优势，长处等等。
这题中的credit属于一词多义，有时也会考查熟词生义。
2.【2016·天津卷】10. The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _____ of rain later tonight.A. effectB. senseC. changeD. chance【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：天气预报说今天会是多云，后半夜可能有雨。
A.影响；B.感觉；C.改变；D.机会，可能性。
故选D。
考点：考查名词辨析。
【名师点睛】词汇辨析是每次试卷中必然出现的题型，所以平时一定要把词汇放在句中进行记忆。
在复习词汇的时候，要依据语言的横向组合和纵向聚合，按照点-线-面顺序，构建知识网络环境，对知识内容进行巩固、深化和提升，这样才能提高复习知识点的效率。
这样，再做单项填空题时，就会觉得游刃有余。
对于英语中的词汇用法，平时要多归纳总结，词汇用法的特殊语法规则更要特别记忆。
最好把词汇放在句子中，连同句子一起记忆，这样能够加强记忆。
3.【2016·江苏卷】24. —Can you tell us your for happiness and a long life?—Living every day to the full, definitely.A. recipeB. recordC. rangeD. receipt【答案】A【解析】试题分析：考查名词词义辨析。
名词recipe秘诀，食谱，药方；record记录；range 范围；receipt收据，收条；句意：—你能告诉我你对幸福长寿的秘密吗？—当然是尽情享受每一天。
根据句意可知A项意为“秘诀”，与上下文相符。
考点：考查名词辨析4．【2016·全国卷Ⅱ】48.Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for________while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.【答案】a【解析】考查不定冠词的用法。
让你的身体和思想休息一会。
固定表达for a while 一会儿。
5．【2016·全国卷Ⅱ】短文改错In that case, we will learn little about world.________【解析】world前加the [考查定冠词的用法。
此处特指我们所生活的这个世界。
] 6. 【2016·全国卷Ⅱ】阅读 D. A new collection of photos brings ________unsuccessfulAntarctic voyage back to life.【解析】an [unsuccessful前面用an修饰。
]2015年高考真题1.【2015·湖北卷】21.When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his ___ and had a bad fall.A. balanceB. chanceC.memoryD.place【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：男孩在追他哥哥时，失去了平衡，重重地摔了一跤。
A项“平衡”；B项“机会”；C项“记忆”；D项“地方”。
lose one’s balance“失去平衡”。
故选A项。
【考点定位】名词词义辨析【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。
四个选项都可以跟前面的动词lose搭配。
考生应抓住题干中关键信息“had a bad fall（重重地摔了一跤）”，不禁会产生疑问：怎么会摔了一跤呢？然后根据搭配lose one’s balance“失去平衡”锁定正确答案。
2.【2015·安徽卷】30.There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some ______ and then let me know.A. thoughtB. supportC. protectionD. authority【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：现在没必要告诉我答案，你再思考一下，之后告诉我。
A思考；B 支持；C保护；D权威，当局。
这里指让对方再好好想想，故选A。
【考点定位】考查名词辨析【名师点睛】本题考查名词辨析。
该种题型要求学生积累一定的词汇量，四个词的意思分别是“思考”；“支持”；“保护”和“权威”；其次，做题时需要结合句意进行综合考虑。
