安全工程中英文翻译资料

Ｕnｉt 1safeｔy manaｇement ｓyｓtemＡcciｄent ｃａｕｓatｉon ｍoｄels ﻩ事故致因理论Ｓafety managemeｎt 安全管理Phｙsｉｃａｌｃonditions ﻩ物质条件Mａcｈinｅguａrdinｇﻩ机械保护装置Ｈouse—keepiｎｇ工作场所管理Ｔｏｐmanagement 高层管理人员Ｈuman ｅｒrorｓ人因失误Aｃcidenｔ-pｒonenｅss ｍｏdels 事故倾向模型Muniｔｉoｎs faｃtｏrｙﻩ军工厂Causal fａctorsﻩ起因Rｉskinｇtakiｎgﻩ冒险行为Coｒpｏraｔｅｃｕlture 企业文化Ｌosｓprevention 损失预防Prｏcess indusｔryﻩ制造工业Haｚard coｎtrol 危险控制Intensｉve ｓtudｙ广泛研究Orgａniｚationaｌperｆｏrmａnce 企业绩效Mｕtual trust 相互信任Sａfｅｔｙoffiｃerﻩ安全官员Ｓafeｔy commｉttee 安全委员会Ｓhop-fｌｏｏrﻩ生产区Unioniｚed company 集团公司Seｎioｒitｙﻩ资历、工龄Local ｃuｌturｅ当地文化Absenｔeｅiｓm rａｔｅﻩ缺勤率Power reｌａtioｎｓﻩ权力关系Stａtus review 状态审查Lower—ｌevel managemenｔ低层管理者Business pｅrformanceﻩ组织绩效Ｍｏst seniｏｒexｅcｕtiｖe 高级主管Superｖisory levｅl监督层Ｓａfety pｒincipｌeﻩ安全规则Waｌl—boarｄﻩ公告栏Imｐlement planﻩ执行计划Ｈazarｄidenｔificａtion 危险辨识Ｓａfeｔy pｅrfｏｒmance 安全性能One comｐrｅｈensｉve definition fｏr an orgaｎｉzatｉonａl cｕｌture ｈas been presentｅdｂｙＳｃhein wｈo has said thｅorganｉｚatiｏnal culturｅiｓ“a patteｒn ｏf baｓic asｓumptionｓ–inveｎｔed, dｉｓcovere ｄ，or deveｌoｐｅｄby ａgiven gｒｏup as iｔlearns to cope with iｔs pｒｏbｌｅms of exｔｅrnal adaｐｔａｔiｏn and inｔernal integratioｎ– that h ａs ｗorked weｌl enouｇｈto be consiｄereｄｖａliｄand,tｈｅrｅｆore, to beｔａught to new memｂeｒｓas the corrｅｃt way to peｒcｅive, thin ｋ,and feel in rｅlatiｏn to ｔhosｅｐrobｌemｓ”译文:Scheｉｎ给出了组织文化的广泛定义，他认为组织文化是由若干基本假设组成的一种模式,这些假设是由某个特定团体在处理外部适应问题与内部整合问题的过程中发明、发现或完善的.由于以这种模式工作的有效性得到了认可,因此将它作为一种正确的方法传授给新成员,让他们以此来认识、思考和解决问题[指适应外部与整合内部的过程中的问题]。

Unit One安全管理safety management 事故致因accident causation 不安全行为unsafe acts不安全状态unsafe conditions企业安全文化corporate safety culture安全政策safety policyUnit Two系统安全工程system safety engineering 危险辩识hazard identification/identified危险控制hazard control 安全评价safety evaluation危险分析hazard analysis安全准则safety criteria Unit Three安全人机工程safety ergonomics 工作效率work efficiency工作压力job stressors伤害率injury rate人机过程ergonomics process职业伤残work injuryUnit Four工伤保险injury insurance 人因失误human error风险评估risk assessment人机系统ergonomics system工业事故industrial system事故类型accident types Unit Five职业安全健康occupational health and safety职业安全健康管理体系occupational health and safety management system危险源分析hazard analysis 事故分析accident analysis风险管理risk management职业伤害occupational injury Unit Six工业卫生industrial hygiene 物理危害physical hazards 化学危害chemical hazards非电离辐射non-ionizing radiation生物危害biological hazards职业病occupational diseaseUnit Seven安全文化safety culture企业文化corporate culture 高危行业high-risk industry事故率accident rate应急预案emergency plan安全评审safety review Unit Eight安全激励safety motivation 自我激励self-motivation个人需求individual demand 社会需求social needs安全氛围safety atmosphere 生理需求physiological needs。

1 Why Do We Need Safety Engineering?我们为什么需要安全工程?It is difficult to open a newspaper or turn on the television and not be reminded how dangerous our world is.Both large-scale natural and man-made disasters seem to occur on an almost daily basis.只要打开报纸或电视,很难不让我们想到（无不在告诉）我们这个世界是多么危险。

大规模的自然灾害和人为灾害几乎每天都在发生。

An accident at a plant in Bhopal，India, killed over 2,500 people。

印度博帕尔市的一家工厂发生的事故造成了2500多人死亡A nuclear power plant in the Ukraine exploded and burned out of control, sending a radioactive cloud to over 20 countries，severely affecting its immediate neighbors’ livestock and farming.乌克兰的一座核电站爆炸，并引发了火灾，形成的放射云覆盖了20多个国家,严重影响了邻国的畜牧业和农业。

Keeping safety is responsibility of safety engineers。

Are you ready to struggle for human safety and happiness in your whole life？做好安全工作是安全工程师的责任，你准备好了为了人类的安全和幸福而奋斗终生吗?A total of 6。

The Safety Standards of Scaffolding1. PURPOSEThis procedure provides guidelines for the safe erection, inspection, use, and dismantling of scaffolding at Air Products Facilities worldwide.2. SCOPEThis procedure applies to all personnel who erect, inspect, use, or dismantle scaffolding. Air Products plant personnel must ensure that all contractors engaged in any scaffolding activities shall comply with the provisions in this procedure.3. SUMMARY3.1 Scaffold design and specification shall as a minimum follows the nationally recognized and approved standards of the country in which the scaffold is erected. Where the requirements of this standard are different to the nationally recognized and approved standards, t he most stringent standard will apply.3.2 Scaffolds shall be inspected by competent qualified and certified personnel prior to use, after inclement weather and any occurrence where the structure has been modified. Any individual that erects or disassembles a scaffold must be certified, and all users of scaffolding must receive the appropriate training. Contract personnel must present proof of the appropriate training and qualifications prior to working on any Air Products site.3.3 Scaffolds shall only be erected and disassembled by competent approved and qualified personnel. Proper provisions must be made for the safe lifting ofscaffold fittings, poles and boards. Lifting equipment must be designed to prevent the possibility of scaffold falling to grade in the event that the load snags or knots slip. Throwing and dropping equipment is strictly prohibited.3.4 Erected scaffolds exceeding 38m (125' feet) in height (or the national limits in the country of use) shall be designed by a registered professional engineer, or the local authority where applicable, and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with such design.3.5 The person(s) in charge of the activity, e.g., plant maintenance, construction, etc., shall ensure that any individual that has the authority and responsibility for the erection, inspection, and disassembly of scaffolding is competent to do so. Theindividual will be deemed competent after receiving suitable training by an approved scaffold training company or in-house expert and shall be documented.3.6 Scaffolds shall have guardrails, mid-rails, and toe boards installed on all open sides and ends of platforms.3.6.1 Guardrails shall be installed no less than 970 mm (38" inches) or not more than 1,140 mm (45" inches) high with a mid-rail, or as required by the National Standard. There must not be a gap between guardrails, or between toe boards and guardrails, greater than 470 mm (18" inches).3.6.2 Toe boards shall be a minimum of 102 mm (4" inches) in height and must be secured to prevent movement. Toe boards are to be of wood construction, aluminum, or steel preformed to match the scaffold.3.6.3 In windy conditions and certain situations, netting must be placed between the toe board and mid-rails (and top rails in some cases) to prevent materials, i.e. paper, rags, small tools; various materials from being blown off the scaffold decking and falling onto the ground exposing people below to fall hazards.3.7 Scaffolds must be erected on sound surfaces and base plates must be used at all times. Footing or anchorage for scaffolds shall be rigid, and capable of carrying the maximum intended load without settling or displacement. Unstable objects such as barrels, boxes, loose brick or concrete blocks shall not be used to support scaffolds. 3.8 All poles, legs, or uprights of scaffolds shall be plumb and rigidly braced to prevent swaying and displacement. Sufficient ties or raking shores shall be provided to ensure that the scaffold cannot fall away from the object being scaffolded.3.9 Scaffold surfaces shall be kept clean and free from sharp edges, burrs, or other safety hazards.3.10 Scaffolds shall not be loaded in excess of the working load for which they are intended. Scaffolds and their components shall be capable of supporting at least four (4) times the maximum intended load. Scaffolds should have their safe working loads posted or visible to those working who will be performing work on the scaffold.3.11 Scaffold work platforms shall be fully planked with wood, aluminum, or steel scaffold planks or 51 mm X 254 mm (2" x 10" inches) lumber that meets Planking Requirements and is rated to support the intended load.3.12 Scaffolds shall be maintained in a safe condition, and shall only be altered by competent approved and qualified personnel. Scaffolds undergoing modification shall be withdrawn from use until the modification work has been completed, and the scaffold inspected and approved for use by a competent approved and qualified person.3.13 Scaffolds (including mobile access towers) shall not be moved while they are in use or occupied.3.14 Scaffolds damaged or part weakened from any cause shall immediately be replaced and shall not be used until repairs have been completed and the scaffoldre-inspected.3.15 The preferred method of access and egress to a work platform is from a ladder which shall be fitted with an access gate panel. Chain gates can only be used where access gate panels are not safely accessible. Access ladders should not exceed9m (30' feet) in length, and shall extend a min. of 1.1m (3.5' feet) past the working platform.3.16 Access ladder(s) shall be provided with each scaffold built. Access ladders must be of an approved construction, fixed on a suitable foundation, and unpainted. The ladders should be fixed at the top, bottom, and sufficient intermediate points to prevent undue sagging or movement. The recommended gradient is to be 1:4(i.e., about 1 unit out for every 4 units in height). A chain gate shall be used on ladder frames when access gate panels are not safely accessible.3.17 Access or working platforms shall be no more than 9m (30' feet) apart vertically. When a scaffold height exceeds 9 m (30' feet) all additional platforms shall be on the inside of the scaffolding. If the working platforms are spaced more than6.1m (20' feet)) apart, the ladders shall then be equipped either self- retracting lifelines or an OSHA or equivalent National approved cage. The lifeline shall be installed to an acceptable anchorage point capable to withstand 2300Kgs or (5000 Lbs) per individual attached for fall protection. Any ladder over7.3m (24' feet) or 9.1m (30' feet) must have an intermediate platform as a means for resting on the way up.3.18 Use of pulleys, hoist arms, or other devices to hoist material is prohibited, unless the scaffold is guyed or braced to a permanent structure to prevent tipping or has been designed to accommodate these lifting devices.3.19 Use of ladders or makeshift devices on top of scaffold to increase its heightor to provide access from above is prohibited.4. PROCEDURE4.1 Safety Considerations4.1.1 Depending on the nature and the area of work, appropriate personal protective equipment must be worn by personnel. A competent person must determine the feasibility and safety, or where National Standards may dictate, of providing fall protection during the erection and dismantling of scaffolding.Note: Fall protection must be worn by workers erecting and dismantling scaffolds when exposed to falls greater than 6 feet.4.1.2 Personnel working on a scaffold platform with full handrail, mid rail, toe boards and gated access are not required to tie off when working inside the platform area. Safety harness shall be used during scaffold erection. Tie off is required above 2m (6' feet).4.1.3 Personal protective equipment must be used which has been identified through the Workplace Risk Assessment/Job Safety Analysis.4.1.4 Scaffolds shall be built or dismantled in a manner to prevent passage from under the scaffold. Caution tape should be used to mark a safe zone around the scaffolds. Personnel access through mid rails and cross bracing is not recommended.4.1.5 If a scaffold erection interferes with the permanent access ladder or permanent fall protection device, alternative fall protection and ladder access must be provided.4.1.6 Special precautions shall be taken to protect scaffold structure including any wire or fiber ropes when using a heat producing process.4.1.7 Falling objects protection must be installed to provide protection from falling hand tools, debris, and other small objects. This can be accomplished by using toe boards, screens or brick guards; guard rails systems, nets, catch platforms, or canopy structure methods. These systems must be capable of containing or deflecting falling objects. Overhead protection shall be provided for individuals working on a scaffold exposed to overhead hazards.4.1.8 Individuals shall not work on scaffolds during a storm or high winds. Every effort should be made to exit the scaffold prior to electrical storms. Scaffolds should only be sheeted in where the scaffold structure (including ties and/or raking shores) has been specifically designed to accommodate the additional wind loads that thisimposes.4.1.9 Individuals shall not work on scaffolding, which is covered with ice or snow, unless all ice or snow is removed and planking is covered with antiskid material to prevent slipping. This is because the deadweight of ice and snow can lead to significant overloading of the scaffold structure.4.1.10 Tools, materials, and debris shall not be allowed to accumulate in quantities to cause a hazard.4.1.11 Partly erected/dismantled scaffold must have suitable warning signs posted in prominent locations, be barricaded off, or policed to prevent unauthorized entry. The use of Scaffold tags is strongly recommended.4.1.12 When scaffold material is stored on-site, it is advisable to store the material under dry conditions.4.1.13 Scaffolds are not to be placed closer than 9m (30' feet) to live power lines, or no closer than the minimum clearance specified by the National Electrical Safety guidelines in the country of jurisdiction. In some countries grounding of the scaffold structure is required.4.1.14 Scaffold accessories shall be used and installed in accordance with manufacturer's recommended procedures. Accessories shall not be altered in the field.4.1.15 Personnel who perform work on scaffolding systems must be trained according to the requirements outlined by Air Products or according to national or local regulations. Retraining is required in at least in the following situations:4.1.15.1 Where changes at the worksite present a hazard about which any employee has not been previously trained.4.1.15.2 Where changes in the types of scaffolds, fall protection, falling object protection, or other equipment present a hazard about which an employee has not been previously trained.4.1.15.3 Where inadequacies in an affected employee's work involving scaffolding indicates that the employee has not retained the requisite proficiency.4.1.15.4 Where changes to the procedure have taken place, which an employee has not been previously trained.Note: The Following Environmental Considerations:Metal scaffold platforms should be used during Lead Abatement Activitieswhenever possible, to eliminate contamination and cleanup of wood walk boards.4.2 Scaffold Inspection4.2.1 Scaffolding shall be inspected by a competent, qualified and certified scaffold inspector prior to use, after any modification, or after any occurrence which could affect the integrity of the scaffold structure. This shall either be the contractor responsible for the provision of the scaffold or an Air Products employee trained in the proper erection, inspection and use of scaffolding. The results and periodic frequency of such inspections shall be recorded and Scaffold Tags posted in a prominent location at each access point to show the inspection status of the scaffold and next inspection period.The periodic frequency shall depend on factors such as the type of scaffold, site and weather conditions, intensity of use, age of the equipment, and how often sections or components are added, removed or changed, but should never exceed 1 week (7 days). These kinds of factors will determine how quickly or how slowly safety related faults, loose connections, degradation and other defects could be expected to develop, and consequently indicate whether inspections should be conducted more frequently than every 7 days.4.2.1.1 For routine maintenance activities, all scaffolding shall be inspected daily or before each work shift.4.2.1.2 For Construction and Turnaround Activities, all scaffolding shall be inspected at least once before each work shift or more periodic as determined by the scaffold inspector.Note: "Periodic" means frequently enough so that, in light of these factors and the amount of time expected for detrimental effects to occur, there is a good likelihood that problems will be found before they pose a hazard to working individuals.4.3.2 Upon completion of a scaffold, the scaffold inspector shall inspect the scaffold. When a scaffold is approved by the inspector a green 'SCAFFOLD COMPLETED' - 'READY FOR USE' or a yellow 'No Access' tag will be inserted into the danger tag holder. If it is not approved, the inspector will attach a red tag into the danger tag holder indicating that the scaffold is not suitable for use. The red tag must remain in place until the scaffold is repaired and inspected by a competent person4.3.2.1 The Inspector will date and sign the "GREEN" tag when there are no defects in scaffold construction noting total working load on tag.4.3.2.2 The Inspector will date and sign the "YELLOW" caution tag and fill in any restrictions or cautions associated with the scaffold noting the total working loadon tag.4.3.2.3 The Inspector will date and sign a "RED" tag indicating that the scaffold is not to be used because it is being modified or is not suitable for people to be working on it.4.3.3 No unauthorized modifications will be made to any scaffold. Only approved scaffold builders are permitted to modify a scaffold.4.3.4 Scaffolding that is required to support a load must visibly display the maximum load permitted and all persons using the scaffold must be informed of the restrictions of use for the particular arrangement (load capacity, general access, inspection only, etc.). The sign should be legible and written in the native language to ensure full understanding. In some cases, dual language signs may be necessary.4.3.5 Scaffolds shall be rated for total working load at time of inspection. To determine total working load, multiply length times width to find the square feet of the working area. Multiply working area by allowable load per square foot.Example: 1.5m (5' feet) wide by 2.1m (7 feet) long, 1.5m X 2.1m = 3.15 square meters (5'x7' = 35 square feet). Multiply this number 3.15 (35) times the working load per square meters (square foot) from the load chart found in OSHA's 1926 Subpart "L " or equivalent to find the total working load.Note: The Lumber basis for this is "Douglas Fir".Example: Full thickness undressed lumberWorking load 22.7 Kg-per square meter (50 lb-per square foot)Permissible span 2.4m (8' feet).3.15 meter squared X 22.7 Kg per squared meter = 71.5 Kg -Total working load (35 square feet x 50 p.s.f. = 1,750 pounds Total working load).Example: Nominal thickness lumber (dressed)Working load 11.1Kgs per square meter (25Lbs per square foot)3.15 meters squared X 11.1 kgs per squared meter = 35 Kgs -Total working load (35 square feet x 25 p.s.f. = 875 pounds - Total Working Load)NOTE: FOR PERMISSIBLE SPAN - USE THE NEXT HIGHER NUMBER FORLENGTH OF SPAN.4.3.6 The minimum permitted widths for scaffold are as follows (unless specified by national regulations):GeneralFor men and materialsFor supporting another platformFor the side of a sloping roof4.3.7 Scaffold boards are to be supported as follows (unless national regulations are more stringent):Thickness of boardMaximum Spacing51 mm (2 in) 2590 mm (8 ft)4.3.8 Scaffold planking shall be scaffold grade as recognized by grading rules for the species of wood and stamped on the plank.4.3.9 When a scaffold is built around a line or object, the following guidelines are to be followed:4.3.9.1 Toe-board shall be installed around the object.4.3.9.2 Planking shall be covered with plywood 15.87 mm (5/8" inches) or greater and capable of supporting the intended load.4.3.9.3 Scaffolds shall be planked end-to-end on each side of the object. The planking needs to be supported around the object to ensure the decking or planking will sufficiently hold the intended weight of people and tools and materials.4.3.10 All brackets shall be seated correctly with side brackets parallel to frames and end brackets 90° to the frame. Brackets shall not be bent or twisted from normal positions.4.3.11 Scaffolds shall be visually checked by the user prior to use to ensure that no unauthorized changes have been made and that the status tag is still valid. If the tag is not valid, the scaffold shall be removed from service by removing the scaffold tag until repairs are made and the scaffold has been re-inspected. A red tag should be fixed to the scaffolding indicating no one is to use it.4.3.12 Where gin wheels/pulleys (including ropes) or other accessories are fitted to the scaffold, these are to be included into the scope of all inspections mentioned in this procedure.4.3.13 When it is proposed to use a lightweight mobile scaffold platforms for light duty work, the scaffold shall be subject to the following:4.3.13.1 The scaffold is used with all bracing and outriggers in position and wheels locked.4.3.13.2 All scaffold is used on level firm ground only.4.3.13.3 All points of the scaffold are fully supported by the ground.4.3.13.4 The individuals erecting the scaffold have been properly trained in its use.4.3.13.5 The height of the scaffold shall not exceed the smallest base dimension by a factor greater than 3:1, subject to the manufacturer confirming that the scaffold is suitable for this and that the manufacturer instruction and information are available. If no information exists, assume 2:1 as the maximum ratio. Additionally, the smallest base dimension shall not be less than 1200 mm (4' feet).4.3.13.6 Ladders must not be used to extend the height of the scaffold.脚手架安全标准1.目的本程序为全球AOCI工厂安全安装、检查、使用和拆卸脚手架提供了指导原则。

The major contributors in component technology have been the semi-conductor components．（译为“起主要作用”，不译“主要贡献者”。

）There are three steps which must be taken before we graduate from the integrated circuit technology.（译为“完全掌握”，不译“毕业于”。

）The purpose of a driller is to holes.（译为“钻孔”）A single-point cutting tool is used to cut threads on engine lathes.（译为“车”）The major contributors in component technology have been the semi-conductor components．（译为“起主要作用”，不译“主要贡献者”。

）There are three steps which must be taken before we graduate from the integrated circuit technology.（译为“完全掌握”，不译“毕业于”。

）The iron ore used to make steel comes from open-pit and underground mines.（译为“炼钢”，不译“制造刚”。

）An insulator offers a very high resistance to the passage through which electric current goes.（译为“很大阻力”，不译“高阻力”）Mater can be changed into energy, and energy into mater.物质可以转换为能，能也可以转化为物质。

Unit 1 safety man ageme nt system Accide nt causatio n models 事故致因理论Safety man ageme nt 安全管理Physical conditions 物质条件Machi ne guard机械保护装置ingHouse-keep ing 工作场所管理Top man ageme高层管理人员ntHuma n errors 人因失误Accide nt-pro nen ess models 事故倾向模型Mun iti ons factory 军工厂Causal factors 起因Risk ing tak ing 冒险行为Corporate culture 企业文化Loss preve nti on 损失预防Process industry 制造工业Hazard con trol 危险控制Inten sive study 广泛研究Organi zati onal performa nee 企业绩效Mutual trust 相互信任Safety officer 安全官员Shop-floor 生产区Seni ority资历、工龄Local culture 当地文化Abse nteeism rate 缺勤率Power relatio ns 权力关系Status review 状态审查Lower-level man ageme nt 低层管理者Busin ess performa nee 组织绩效Most senior executive 高级主管Supervisory level 监督层Safety prin eiple 安全规则Wall-board 公告栏Impleme nt pla n 执行计戈UHazard ide ntificati on 危险辨识Safety performa nee 安全性能译文：Schein给出了组织文化的广泛定义，他认为组织文化是由若干基本假设组成的一种模式，这些假设是由某个特定团体在处理外部适应问题与内部整合问题的过程中发明、发现或完善的。

常用安全工程专业英汉词汇为了便于一些同学使用英文撰写安全领域的论文和阅读安全领域的英文参考资料，下面给出了一些常见的安全领域中英文专业词汇。

安全Safety安全边界Safety limits安全辩证法Safety dialectic安全标志Safety sign安全标准Safety standards安全玻璃Safety glass安全操作规程Safety regulations for operations安全车Security vehicle安全成本Safety cost安全措施Safety measures安全带(飞行器) Safety belts(aircraft)安全带Safety belts安全灯Safety lamps安全等级Safety level安全电气工程Safety electric engineering安全调度(电力系统) Security dispatching(electrical power systems)安全度Degree of safety安全对策Safety countermeasures安全阀Relief valves安全法规Safety laws and regulations安全法学Safety jurisprudence安全防护Safety protection安全防护照明Protective lighting安全风险Safe risk安全工程Safety engineering安全工程技术人员Technical personnel of safety engineering安全工程师Safety engineer安全工作Safety work安全工作体系Safetywork system安全观Safety outlook安全管理Safety management安全管理Safetymanagement安全管理体系Safety administration system安全规程Safety regulation安全航速Safe ship speed安全极限Safety margins安全计量Safety measurements安全计量学Safety metrology安全技术Safety techniques安全监测Safety monitoring安全监察Safety supervision安全监控Safety supervising安全监控系统Safety monitoring system安全检测与监控技术Safety detection & monitoring-controlling technique 安全检查Safety inspection安全检查表Safety check lists安全健康产品Health and safety production安全鉴定Safety appraisal安全教育Safety education安全教育学Safety pedagogy安全经济效益Safety cost effectiveness安全经济学Safety economics安全考核Safety check assessment安全科学Safety science安全科学技术Safety technique安全壳(反应堆) Containments(reactors)安全壳系统Containment systems安全可靠性Safety reliability安全控制技术Safety control technology安全控制论Safety cybernetics安全离合器Overload clutches安全立法Safety legislation安全联锁系统Safety interlocking system安全联轴器Safety couplings安全伦理学Safety ethics安全美学Safety aesthetics安全模拟与安全仿真学Safety simulation & imitation 安全模式Safety pattern安全培训Safety training安全评价Safety assessment安全气囊Safety gasbag安全墙Safety walls安全人机界面Safetyman-machine interface安全人体工程Safety livelihood engineering work安全人体学Safety livelihood science安全人因工程学Safety human factors engineering安全认证Safety approval and certification安全三级教育Three degree safety education安全设备Safety equipment安全设备工程Safety equipment engineering work安全设备机电学Safety equipment electro-mechanics 安全设备卫生学Safety equipment hygienic安全设备学Safety guard science安全设计Safety design安全社会工程Safety social engineering work安全社会学Safety sociology安全审核员Safety auditor安全生产Safety production安全生理学Safety physiology安全生育Safety fertility安全史Safety history安全事故Safe accidents安全事故罪Crime of safety accident安全试验Safety experiment安全疏散Evacuation安全素质Safety disposition安全体系学Science of safety system安全统计Safety statistics安全头罩Hood安全投入Safety investment安全危害因素Hazardous elements安全唯物论Safety materialism安全委员会Safety committee安全文化Safety culture安全系数Safety factor安全系统Safety system安全系统分析Safety system analysis安全系统工程Safety systematic engineering work 安全系统学Safety systematology安全线迹缝纫机Safety stitch sewingmachines安全香料Safety flavoring安全销Shear pin安全心理学Safety psychology安全信号Safety signals安全信息Safety information安全信息工程Security in information technology 安全信息论Safety information theory安全行为Safe behavior安全性Nature of safety安全性理论Safety theory安全性约束Safety restrain安全宣传Safety propaganda安全训练Safety training安全烟Safe cigarettes安全仪表Safety instruments安全意识Safety consciousness安全因素Safety elements安全隐患Safety potential安全用电Electric safety安全阈值Safe threshold value安全员Safety personnel安全运筹学Safety operation research安全运输Safety transportation安全栅栏Safety barrier安全炸药Safety explosives安全哲学Safety philosophy安全执法Safety law enforcement安全质量隐患Safety quality potential安全中介组织Intermediary organization of safety 安全装置Safety devices安全自组织Safety self-organizing安全组织Safety organization靶场安全Range safety搬运安全Carrying safety保安矿柱Safety pillars保护装置Protection devices保险机构(引信) Safety and arming devices保险装置Physical protection devices报警设备Warning equipment报警系统Warning systems爆破安全Shotfiring safety爆破安全仪表Safety blasting instruments爆炸安全工程Explosion safety engineering本质安全Intrinsic safety本质安全电路Intrinsically safety circuit部门安全工程Industrial safety engineering产品安全性能Safety functions充气安全装备Inflatable devices船舶安全Ship safety导弹安全Guided missile safety低压安全阀Low-pressure safety valve地下生保系统Underground life support systems 电力安全Power system safety电气安全Electrical safety电子防盗器Electron theft proof instrument短路事故Short circuit accidents堆安全研究所Institute for reactor safety反应堆安全Reactor safety反应堆安全保险装置Reactor safety fuses防爆Explosion-proofing防爆试验Explosion-proof tests防尘工程Dust control engineering防毒Anti-toxin防毒工程Industrial poisoning control engineering防高温High temprature prevention防护设备Safeguard防火Fire safety防火堤Fire bank防冷To be protected from cold防热Solar heat protection防暑Heat stroke prevention防尾旋系统Anti-spin systems放射性Radioactivity放映安全技术Safety techniques of film projection飞机安全装备Air emergency apparatus飞机防火Aircraft fire protection飞行安全Air safety飞行安全装备Flight safety devices风险评价与失效分析Risk assessment and failure analysis 辐射防护Radiation protection辐射分解Radiolysis辐射屏蔽Radiation shielding辐射危害Radiation hazards妇女劳动保护Protection of women labour force高低温防护High and low temperature protection高温作业Hotwork个人飞行安全装备Personal flight safety fitting个体保护用品Individual protection articles个体防护装备Personal protection equipments工厂安全Factory safety工程事故Engineering accidents工伤事故Industrial accident工业安全Industrial safety工业防尘Industrial dust suppression工业防毒Industrial gas defense工业通风Industrial ventilation工业灾害控制Control of industrial disaster工业照明Industrial lighting公共安全Public safety共同安全署(美国) Mutual Security Agency (U. S. )故障保险Fail safe锅炉安全Boiler safety锅炉爆炸事故Boiler explosion accidents锅炉事故Boiler breakdowns国际海上人命安全公约International convention for safety of life at sea 国家安全法National security law过卷保护装置Over winding safety gears航空安全Aviation safety航天安全Aerospace safety航天救生Space security航天器屏蔽Spacecraft shielding航行安全Voyage safety核安全Nuclear safety核安全保障Nuclear safeguard核安全保障规章Nuclear safeguard regulations核防护Nuclear protection厚板焊接式高压容器Thick platewelded high pressure vessels化工安全Chemical engineering safety火灾事故Fire accident激光安全Laser safety激光安全标准Laser safety standard激光危害Laserhazard激光眼睛防护Laser eye protection集体安全体系Collective security system计算机安全Computer safety家庭安全Family safety监测保护系统Surveillance protection system降温Falling temperature交通安全教育Traffic safety education交通运输安全Traffic safety结构安全度Structure safety金融安全区Financial safety zone井下安全阀Subsurface safety valve警报Alarm静态安全分析(电力系统安全分析)Electrostatic safety analysis救护Medical aid救生设备Rescue equipment救生装置Survival devices矿山安全Mine safety矿山安全仪器Coalmine safety apparatus矿业安全配备公司(美国)Mine Safety Appliances Company矿用安全型Mine permissible type劳保服装Safety and industrial costume劳保条例Labour insurance regulations劳动安全Labour safety劳动保护Labour protection劳动合同Labour contract劳动条件Labour conditions联合国安全理事会United Nations Security Council流星防护Meteoroid protection漏风Air leakage旅游安全Tourist safety美国公路安全研究所Highway Safety Research Institute (U. S. )美国国家安全委员会The National Security Council (U. S. )美国劳动部职业安全与卫生局Occupational Safety and Health Administration (Department of Labor, U. S. A. )美国全国公路交通安全管理局National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 逆电晕Corona quenching欧安会(1975) European Security Conference (1975)欧洲集体安全体系European collective security system欧洲青年安全会议European Youth Security Conference匹兹堡采矿安全研究中心Pittsburgh Mining and Safety Research Center (PMSRC)破损安全设计方法Fail-safe designmethods企业安全Enterprise safety起重安全Lifting safety汽轮机事故Steam turbine accidents潜在危险Potential hazards驱进速度Migration velocity全球海上遇险与安全系统Global maritime distress and safety system缺水事故Water deficiency emergence (or accident)绕带式高压容器Band wrapped high pressure vessels热曝露Heat exposure热套式高压容器Multiwall high pressure vessels人为失误Man-made faults日美安全条约(1951)SecurityTreaty between the U. S. and Japan (1951)日美共同合作和安全和约(1960)Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the U. S. and Japan伤亡率Rate of casualty伤亡事故Casualty accidents烧毁事故Burn up accidents设备安全Equipment safety设备事故Equipment accident社区安全Community safety渗毒Toxin leaching生产噪声与振动控制Control of occupational noise & vibration生活安全Living safety生态安全Ecological safety失速警告系统Stall-warning systems食品安全Food safety事故Accident事故处理Accident handling事故分析Accident analysis事故类别Accident type事故模型Accident model事故频率Accident frequency事故树分析Accident tree analysis事故损失Accident loss事故统计Accident statistics事故预防Accidentprevention事故致因理论Accident-causing theory适航性Air worthiness适毁性Crashworthiness水雷保险器Mine safety seitchs苏必利尔湖矿山安全委员会Mines Safety Council Lake Superior 太平洋安全银行Security Pacific Bank提升安全装置Lifting safety features天然放射性Natural radioactivity听力保护Hearing protection通风与空调工程Ventilation engineering & air conditioning通信安全Communication safety头部保护Head protection危害公共安全罪Offences againstpublic security危急保安器Emergency protector危险辨识Hazard identific危险等级Danger level危险评估Risk assessment危险性Risk危险源Dangerous source危险源控制Dangerous source control微流星屏蔽Micrometeoroid shielding违章作业Operation against rules未成年工保护Protection of underage employee温度报警器Temperature alarm系统安全分析System safety analysis系统安全工程System safety engineering系统安全性System safety系统安全学System safety science消防工程Fire-fighting engineering消费安全Consumption safety信息安全Information safety行车安全Driving safety压力容器安全Pressure vessel safety压力释放Pressure relief亚洲集体安全体系Asian collective security system烟温Fume temperature眼部保护Eye protection异常气压防护Protection of anomalous barometric pressure易燃物品Inflammable article应急对策Emergency countermeasures英国矿山安全研究所Safety in Mines Research Establishment有害作业Harmful work再入屏蔽Reentry shielding职业安全卫生Occupational health and safety职业安全卫生标准Occupational health and safety standards职业安全卫生体系Occupational health and safety management system职业危害Occupational hazard重大危险源Major hazard sources主动安全性Active safety自动保护停机Automatic safety stop作业环境卫生Work environment hygiene座椅背带Seat harness上述词汇选自以下来源，部分词汇做了一些修改。

Unit 1Safety Management Systems安全管理体系1.Accident Causation Models1.事故致因理论The most important aim of safety management is to maintain and promote workers' health and safety at work. Understanding why and how accidents and other unwanted events develop is important when preventive activities are planned. Accident theories aim to clarify the accident phenomena，and to explain the mechanisms that lead to accidents. All modem theories are based on accident causation models which try to explain the sequence of events that finally produce the loss. In ancient times, accidents were seen as an act of God and very little could be done to prevent them. In the beginning of the 20th century，it was believed that the poor physical conditions are the root causes of accidents. Safety practitioners concentrated on improving machine guarding, housekeeping and inspections. In most cases an accident is the result of two things ：The human act, and the condition of the physical or social environment.安全管理系统最重要的目的是维护和促进工人们在工作时的健康和安全。