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美国中小学“21 世纪技能”计划及启示靳昕蔡敏（辽宁师范大学田家炳教育书院暨教育学院，辽宁大连116029）［摘要］21世纪的经济、科技和社会等方面的发展变化对人才培养提出了新的要求，为此，美国基础教育界开展了“21 世纪技能”计划。
经过近十年来的探索和实践，目前已有14 个州全面实施了该计划。
该计划的技能框架以核心学科为基础，以期发展学生的学习与创新技能，信息、媒体和技术技能，生活和职业技能。
其实施策略包括：制定标准和实施评价；改革课程与教学；促进教师专业发展；创设学习环境。
［关键词］美国；中小学；“21 世纪技能”计划为了能够在未来激烈的国际竞争中持续领跑和应对严重的经济衰退，美国总统奥巴马上任后对国家的很多领域和行业都推行了改革，当然也包括对教育领域的全面改革。
为了征求教育工作者和民众对教育改革的意见，美国质量协会（ASQ）在2008 年8 月至11 月间，对全美700 名教师和教育管理者开展了一项调查。
结果显示，超过一半的教育工作者认为，排在第一位的、政府应重视的且应优先发展的是“21 世纪技能”的培养。
另外一项对公众的调查也显示，96%的公众认为学生应该加强能够在21 世纪生活中取得成功所需要的技能，而目前美国的学校并没有足够重视对“21 世纪技能”的培养。
自此，对于“21 世纪技能”的培养成为美国社会广泛关注的热点问题。
一、“21 世纪技能”的由来早在20世纪90年代，一些国家和国际教育组织就开始讨论21世纪所必需的技能。
进入21世纪，这些技能的重要性更加凸显。
作为教育强国的美国，2002 年在联邦教育部的主持下成立了“21世纪技能合作组织（Partnership For 21st CenturySkills）”（以下简称“合作组织”），该组织将21 世纪应具备的基本技能进行整合，制订了《21 世纪技能框架》（以下简称《框架》），并以合作伙伴的形式将教育界、商业界、社区以及政府领导联合起来，帮助21 世纪技能的培养融入到中小学教育当中。
English Teaching and Learning in Secondary Schools under Network environment AbstractThe 21st century is the information age, it symbolizes that the humanity stride in the epoch. But this time most remarkable characteristic is the network popular and the rapid popularity. The Internet is affecting and is changing people’s study way and the working by the unprecedented speed. With the development of information technology, the Internet is playing a more and more significant role in teaching and learning processes. The traditional Secondary School English teaching course does not provide students with a non-obstruction classroom communication environment. Students’ elaborative facu lty has not been well developed. The Internet in secondary school has not been fully used. This paper focuses on the use of the Internet as an educational tool to instruct English teaching and learning in secondary schools. To show both the benefits and limitations and discussed the significance of the new method.Key word: network teaching network environment secondary school English摘要21世纪是信息时代，它象征着人类的时代跨越。
21世纪技能21世纪技能由21世纪技能协作协会研究确定1学习与创新技能创造和革新技能能在工作中展现创造和发明才能；∙能提出和实施新的思想，并把新思想传播给他人；∙对新的、不同的观点持开放的心态并积极回应；∙能实施有创意的设想，为发生革新的领域做出具体的、有益的贡献批判性思维与问题解决技能∙能运用正确的推理来理解事物；∙能做出复杂的选择和决定；∙能理解系统之间的相互联系；∙能提出并确定有意义的问题，以澄清各种观点，求得更好的解决办法；∙能界定、分析和综合信息，用以解决问题和回答问题。
交流与合作技能∙能够用口头和书面的方式，清楚有效地表达设想和观点；∙能展现与不同团队有效地合作共事的能力；∙有灵活性，为了达到共同的目标愿意做出必要的妥协；∙能协同工作，共同承担责任。
信息、媒体与技术技能信息素养∙能有效地获取有用信息，能批判地评估信息，能准确有创意地使用信息处理面对的问题或事件；∙对信息获取和使用的道德和法律问题有基本的理解。
媒体素养∙了解媒体信息的构成、目的、特点和惯例，以及使用的工具；∙研究如何以不同的方式解读信息，用正确的价值观看待信息而不被媒体的其他因素影响；∙对信息获取和使用的道德或法律问题有基本的理解。
信息技术素养∙合理使用数码技术、通讯工具和用网络来访问、管理、整合、评估及创建信息，以便在知识经济中发挥功能；能将技术作为一种工具用于研究、组织、评估和沟通信息，并且对围绕信息获取和使用的道德或法律问题有基本的理解。
生存与职业技能灵活性与适应性∙能适应不同的角色和职责；∙能在复杂和多变的环境中能有效地工作。
主动性与自我导向∙能监控自己的理解和学习需求；∙不满足于对基本技能和课程的掌握，探索和扩大自己的学习和机会以获得专业知识；∙展现想要提高技能以达到专业水平的主动性；∙在没有直接监督的情况下，能（独立自主地）界定任务、确定其优先顺序，并完成任务；∙能有效利用时间，合理安排学习；∙展现对于终身学习的信奉。
21st Century Student Outcomes and Support SystemsThe Partnership for 21st Century Skills has developed a vision for student success in the new global economy.177 N. Church Avenue, Suite 305 T ucson, AZ 85701 520-623-2466 21S T C E N T U R Y S T U D E N T O U T C O M E ST o help practitioners integrate skills into the teaching of core academic subjects, the Partnership has developed a unifi ed, collective vision for learning known as the Framework for 21st Century Learning. This Framework describes the skills, knowledge and expertise students must master to succeed in work and life; it is a blend of content knowledge, specifi c skills, expertise and literacies. Every 21st century skills implementation requires the development of core academic subjectknowledge and understanding among all students. Those who can think critically and communicate effectively must build on a base of core academic subject knowledge.Within the context of core knowledge instruction, students must also learn the essential skills for success in today’s world, such as critical thinking, problem solving, communication and collaboration.When a school or district builds on this foundation, combining the entire Framework with the necessary support systems—standards, assessments, curriculum and instruction, professional development and learning environments—students are more engaged in the learning process and graduate better prepared to thrive in today’s global economy.Publication date: 12/09Core Subjects and 21st Century ThemesMastery of core subjects and 21st century themes is essential to student success. Core subjects include English, reading or language arts, world languages, arts, mathematics, economics, science, geography, history, government and civics.In addition, schools must promote an understanding of academic content at much higher levels by weaving 21st century interdisciplinary themes into core subjects:• Global Awareness• Financial, Economic, Business and Entrepreneurial Literacy • Civic Literacy • Health Literacy•Environmental LiteracyLearning and Innovation SkillsLearning and innovation skills are what separate students who are prepared for increasingly complex life and work environments in today’s world and those who are not. They include: • Creativity and Innovation• Critical Thinking and Problem Solving • Communication and CollaborationInformation, Media and Technology SkillsT oday, we live in a technology and media-driven environment, marked by access to an abundance of information, rapid changes in technology tools and the ability to collaborate and make individualcontributions on an unprecedented scale. Effective citizens and workers must be able to exhibit a range of functional and critical thinking skills, such as:• Information Literacy • Media Literacy• ICT (Information, Communications and T echnology) Literacy Life and Career SkillsT oday’s life and work environments require far more than thinking skills and content knowledge. The ability to navigate the complex life and work environments in the globally competitive information age requires students to pay rigorous attention to developing adequate life and career skills, such as:• Flexibility and Adaptability • Initiative and Self-Direction • Social and Cross-Cultural Skills • Productivity and Accountability •Leadership and Responsibility21S T C E N T U R Y S U P P O R T S Y S T E M SDeveloping a comprehensive framework for 21st century learning requires more than identifying specifi c skills, content knowledge, expertise and literacies. An innovative support system must be created to help students master the multi-dimensional abilities that will be required of them. The Partnership has identifi ed fi ve critical support systems to ensure student mastery of 21st century skills:• 21st Century Standards• Assessments of 21st Century Skills• 21st Century Curriculum and Instruction • 21st Century Professional Development • 21st Century Learning EnvironmentsFor more information, visit the Partnership’s website at .MemberOrganizations• Adobe Systems, Inc.• American Association of School Librarians • Apple • ASCD • Blackboard, Inc.• Cable in the Classroom • Crayola• Cisco Systems, Inc.• Corporation for Public Broadcasting • Dell, Inc.• EF Education• Education Networks of America • Educational T esting Service • Gale, Cengage Learning • Hewlett Packard • Houghton Miffl in Harcourt • Intel Corporation • JA Worldwide ®• K12• KnowledgeWorks Foundation • LEGO Group • Lenovo • Learning Point Associates• Leadership and Learning Center • McGraw-Hill • Measured Progress • Microsoft Corporation • National Education Association • National Academy Foundation • Nellie Mae Education Foundation • netT rekker • Oracle Education Foundation • Pearson• Project Management Institute Educational Foundation • Quarasan!• Scholastic Education • Sesame Workshop • Sun Microsystems, Inc. • The Walt Disney Company • Verizon。
“为二十一世纪而教育美国人”
B·J·B
【期刊名称】《语文建设》
【年(卷),期】1984(000)004
【摘要】<正> 美国全国科学基金会的一个特别小组于1983年9月13日提出了一个《为二十一世纪而教育美国人》的报告,认为美国当前的教育制度必须彻底改革,重点应放在提高学校科学和数学教学水平,向儿童提供进入二十一世纪所必需的智力工具,否则美国将成为未来的“工业恐龙”。
这个特别小组经过12个月的研究,建议联邦政府成立一个“全国教育委员会”,在今
【总页数】1页(P1-1)
【作者】B·J·B
【作者单位】
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】G6
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美国《21世纪外语学习标准》评析兼谈《全美中小学中文学习目标》的作用与影响一、本文概述本文旨在对美国《21世纪外语学习标准》进行深入评析，并在此基础上探讨《全美中小学中文学习目标》的作用与影响。
文章首先简要介绍《21世纪外语学习标准》的出台背景及其在美国外语教育领域的地位，阐述其核心理念和主要内容。
接着，文章将详细分析该标准的特点和优势，如注重培养学生的跨文化交际能力、强调语言学习的实用性和情境性等。
也会指出其存在的不足和争议，如对外语教师的要求过高、对语言学习评价的片面性等。
在此基础上，文章将转向对《全美中小学中文学习目标》的分析。
文章将介绍该目标的制定背景及其在美国中小学中文教育中的定位，阐述其主要内容和特点。
接着，文章将探讨该目标对美国中小学中文教育产生的积极影响，如提高中文教学的规范性、促进学生中文水平的提高等。
也会分析该目标在实施过程中可能遇到的问题和挑战，如师资力量不足、教学资源匮乏等。
文章将结合两个标准的对比分析，探讨它们在外语教育理念和实施策略上的异同点，以及它们对美国乃至全球外语教育发展的启示和影响。
通过本文的阐述和分析，希望能够为国内外语教育工作者和政策制定者提供有益的参考和借鉴。
二、《21世纪外语学习标准》评析《21世纪外语学习标准》（Standards for Foreign Language Learning in the 21st Century，简称SFLL）是美国教育部于1996年发布的一份重要文件，旨在指导美国的外语教育改革，确保学生在21世纪具备必要的外语能力和跨文化交流技能。
这一标准的出台，反映了美国对外语教育在全球化背景下重要性的深刻认识，也体现了美国对培养具有国际视野和跨文化沟通能力人才的高度重视。
SFLL的核心理念是“5C”，即Communication（沟通）、Cultures （文化）、Connections（关联）、Comparisons（比较）和Communities （社群）。
21世纪学生核心能力的深度探讨英文版In-Depth Exploration of 21st Century Student Core CompetenciesThe 21st century has brought about a significant shift in the skills and competencies required for students to succeed in a rapidly changing world. As technology continues to advance and global challenges become more complex, it is essential for students to develop a diverse set of core competencies to thrive in the modern landscape.One key competency for 21st century students is critical thinking. This involves the ability to analyze information, evaluate arguments, and make informed decisions. By honing their critical thinking skills, students can navigate the vast amount of information available to them and separate fact from opinion.Another crucial competency is creativity. In a world that values innovation and originality, students must be able to think outside the box and come up with unique solutions to problems. By fostering theircreativity, students can unleash their full potential and make a positive impact on the world around them.Collaboration is also an essential competency for 21st century students. In an increasingly interconnected world, the ability to work effectively with others is key to success. By learning how to communicate, compromise, and collaborate, students can build strong relationships and achieve common goals.Communication skills are another vital competency for students in the 21st century. Whether it's conveying ideas effectively, listening actively, or presenting information clearly, strong communication skills are essential in both personal and professional settings. By honing their communication skills, students can build rapport, resolve conflicts, and inspire others.Adaptability is a critical competency for students in a rapidly changing world. With technology evolving at a rapid pace and global challenges constantly shifting, students must be able to adapt to new situations and embrace change. By cultivating their adaptability,students can thrive in any environment and overcome obstacles with resilience.Lastly, emotional intelligence is an important competency for 21st century students. This involves the ability to understand and manage one's own emotions, as well as empathize with others. By developing their emotional intelligence, students can build strong relationships, resolve conflicts, and lead with compassion.In conclusion, the core competencies required for 21st century students are diverse and multifaceted. By focusing on critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, communication, adaptability, and emotional intelligence, students can develop the skills they need to succeed in an ever-changing world.。
