2020年4月9日托福听力答案解析

2020年4月9日托福写作真题回忆+参考范文【真题重现】：Getting advice from people who are older than you is more valuable than from people of your age.【波波点睛】：题目大意：从年长的人获得建议要比从同龄人获得建议更有价值。

此题目重复2020年11月8日B卷原题，解题思路和老年人的建议有没有价值是一样的。

波波建议选择同意，对advice 实行拆分，拆分成工作和教育两个角度，分别证明年长人的意见的作用。

【参考范文】：Since any individual, whether young or old, willencounter various problems and troubles throughout the whole life, it is certainly necessary to consult others for suggestions and solutions. Nowadays many young people holdthat advice from their peers is usually more valuable thanthat from people of older age, because people at the same age are more likely to understand their situation. However, asfar as I am concerned, it is a wise move to listen to theolder people’s suggestions, because rich experience and profound knowledge accumulated by older people will offer usa proper guidance in many ways, especially in the aspects of receiving education and hunting for a job.First of all, consider the educational issue. Obviously, students are constantly faced with various upcoming problems and puzzles in the course of furthering their study. As for high school students, the would-be undergraduates, how to successful apply for an ideal university and choose apromosing major usually matters a lot. In order to unravel the above puzzels, they had better consult those people of older age who will give advices such as passing TOEFL with top score and participating various extracurricular activities. In fact, the above experience is exclusive to those who have undergone the whole process of applying for university. Also, as newcomers entering college or universities, the freshmen are usually confronted with various troubles while embarking on the brandnew campus life. To be specific, some students from disadvantaged families may be concerned about how to gain scholarship from school. The sophermores and junior students are likely to provide practical instructions instead of their classmates.Furthermore, the same logic can apply to job-hunting. After leaving schools, graduates will enter the highly competitive job market. Due to the lack of knowledge of the real working environment, they are in great need of instructions and suggestions from senior employees. To be specific, senior employees can hold a interview training, in which students will be informed of how to dress up, how to write a resume and how to respond to the questions from interviewers. Also, the skills of communicating efficiently with the employers and the ability to get along well with co-workers will be imparted to potential employees. On the contrary, people at the same age with us are also still feel confused about how to seek an ideal job, thus reducing the value of the suggestion given by them.Admittedly, the generation gap between us and people of older age may poses an obstruction to communication between them. However, the above claim is far from the truth. Withthe improvement of educational background on the part of the elder, they are able to guide yongsters in a more acceptable way and thus the gap between the younger and the older can be well bridged.In conclusion, the advice from the elder is of greater value than that from the peers, especially when we meet problems in education and career.。

2020年4月9日托福听力真题Conversation 1学生去工作中心询问跟工作相关的问题，说他们这里只提供full timejob,如果学生想要找 part time job,他需要去另外一个地方。

学生说他就是想找fulltime job,他现在在咖啡馆工作,不过一周只能工作15个小时。

他问如果找summer job是不是必须是毕业生(有题) , officer 说不是,每年会有很多公司来找暑假全职工作的学生,也有来招没有毕业的作为实习生,因为绝大部分学生都回家了(有题) 。

然后同他是什么专业的,男生说是biology;officer推荐正好有两个选择, 一个是在zoo(这里有題,男生不想在zoo);另一个是在hospitalwith kids,男生比较倾向这个选择。

男生同可不能够获得学分, officer说不一定，要跟department联系确定。

(有题)男生也觉得比较惊讶。

-TPO部分对应参考找工作场景类TPO18-C1/T17-C2）Lecture 1历史学讲座,关于一个primary source的challenge,老师说有种用作历史研究的资料,但是这个原始资料有很多问题。

比如Vmanuscript,由一个antique dealer发现的。

记载很多料技的东西。

因为语言的困难所以没法破译、还记最了很多植物，所以有人认为是hoax是后面的入 fake的。

于是对它 page 和 cover实行碳元素检査发现他是1400左右的。

老师说虽然对于 page cover是那时候的,但内容也有可能是后面写的。

但无法对ink实行碳素判定年份,因为ink很多不含organism。

后来发现一个J的签名他很喜欢旅游,如果是他的那应该早于xx 年。

-TPO部分对应参考（历史类TPO25-L3/TP17-L3）Lecture 2生物学。

Professor介绍文本背景：spider，本次讨论的重点是蜘蛛丝。

提问学生：蜘蛛丝非常strong。

2020年4月9日托福写作答案解析Sample answer：The reading and listening discuss aboutstrategies to stop the vanishing of gopher tortoises. The reading passage mentionsthree ways to stop the disappearing of gopher tortoises. Whereas, the professortotally refutes the three points presented in the passage.Firstly, the professor rebuts the reading's idea that bypreserving habitats of palm forests, gopher tortoises can have more food supplies.The professor claims that fires frequently happen in their habitats, thus causinga lot of trees and grass cleaned out. As a result, the tortoises do not have enoughgrass to eat.Secondly, the professor contradicts reading's secondmethod of raising the gopher tortoises in research center and then releasingthem. The professor mentions that this way can bring terrible consequences. Thegopher tortoises might suffer certain disease that can only be treated in theresearch center, and also cause negative effect to wild tortoises.At last, the passage states that people can protectthem by migrating gopher tortoises to areas suitable but without othertortoises. However, the professor explains thattortoises havehoming instinct that leads them to return to original habitats. In other cases,gopher tortoises willreturn if they cannot get the places chosen for them. Intheirway back, they may come across dangers like busy roads and even bekilled.独立写作：。

秘密★考试结束前[考试时间：2020年4月3日15:00~17:00]全国大联考2020届高三4月联考英语参考答案第一部分听力（每小题1.5分，满分30分）1~5 ABCBC6~10 ABCBB11~15 AABCC16~20 ACABB第二部分阅读理解（每小题2分，满分40分）21~23 ABD 24~27 CBCA 28~31 DCCB 32~35 CBDA 36~40 CGADE第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（每小题1.5分，满分30分）41~45 ADCAB 46~50 CCABA 51~55 BDBCA 56~60 CDBAD第二节语法填空（每小题1.5分，满分15分）61. why62. longer63. products64. regularly65. eating66. fermented67. in68. and69. since70. said第四部分写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题：每小题1分，满分10分）In an village, a dog often sabotages（搞破坏）by the side of a well. Several tens of family①a ②families in the whole village drew water from the well. They none hated the dog, and wanted to tell his③all ④its master to have it kept under control. But however the people who wanted to lodge a complaint⑤wheneveragainst it came near the gate of its master's house, the dog would pounce upon them, bark and⑥braking biting, which frightened them so much that no one dared to come the house. It seems that people⑦towho are afraid to having their shortcomings revealed were probably like this dog, always trying⑧have ⑨areto block the way so that others dare not to lodge complaints against it.⑩*⑧处也可将are afraid to having的to改为of.第二节书面表达（满分25分）ONE POSSIBLE VERSIONDear sir or madam,I'm sorry to bother you, but I have to ask you for help. The reason why I’m writing to you to complain about a face mask business.Last month, I have bought some face masks from Internet to protect myself from COVID-19. But when I receive the express delivery, I found that the mask they gave me was only one layer,but the standard mask should have three layers. I immediately found out that I had bought a fake. When I realized that I had bought a fake, I contacted customer service right away. But as I thought, I didn't get any response. As a consumer, I think my legitimate rights and interests have been violated. I hope to get the help of your consumer association and let these illegal businesses get severe punishment.It is high time that we put an end to the thing. Only in this way can we crack down on those lawbreakers who sell fake goods. I hope you will pay attention to it as soon as possible. Please contact me if you want to know more details. Best wishes！Yours,Li Hua阅读解析A【语篇解析】本篇文章为BBC推荐的几本书的评分、评论及价格，主要为广告题材。

2020年4月9日托福独立写作机经预测2020年4月9日托福写作真题预测：独立写作部分1、【隐藏绝对词】★★★★★Some parents do not agree with the way teachers are teaching their children. Do you think that parents should express their disapproval to the teachers?2、【三选一】★★★★If you need to discuss upsetting or controversial problems with others, will you use e/mail/text messaging or use telephone/voice/messaging.3、【绝对词】★★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement：All high/school students should take basic economic courses.4、【隐藏绝对词】★★★★Many teachers assign homework to students every day. Do you think that daily homework is necessary for students?5、【比较类】★★★★In your opinion, which one is better, to spend money on something that lasts for a long time, such as valuable jewelry, or spend your money on short term pleasure such as vacation?6、【比较类】★★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement：It is more likely for people with more skills to succeed.。

4月9日托福阅读真题及答案解析2016年4月9日托福阅读真题及答案解析以下是小编带来的2016年4月9日托福阅读真题及答案解析，欢迎阅读。

第一篇题材划分：生物类主要内容：蝴蝶第一段说，很多生物都吃蝴蝶，但是这些生物都是通visual，视力来发现蝴蝶。

下面一段讲的是蝴蝶翅膀的颜色，可以帮助他们伪装，使它们很好地融合进去background,不容易被敌人发现。

就像对敌人说Hi, I amnot here。

但是这个有个缺点就是蝴蝶不能动，可是蝴蝶总是要飞的。

所以就有另一种伪装。

下一段主讲另一种伪装，就是有一类蝴蝶色彩特别鲜艳，这种鲜艳的色彩告诉他们的敌人我其实不是那么好吃。

接下一段讲有种蝴蝶翅膀两面是不同的颜色，一面的颜色跟环境很像，可以帮助他们不容易被发现，另一面的颜色很鲜艳。

这种蝴蝶可以唬住他们的敌人，通过开始展示很鲜艳的颜色，然后突然关上他们的翅膀鲜艳的一面，留下颜色和background很像的一面。

这一瞬间，他们的敌人就会发现美食(蝴蝶)突然失踪了? Where is it?最后一段讲蝴蝶被攻击的时候，可以通过什么方法让敌人攻击他们的翅膀，而不是其他部位。

因为翅膀对他们来说不是那么致命的地方。

第二篇题材划分：动物类主要内容：巨石雕像的形成复活节岛，这个岛上有很多巨石。

巨石雕像是怎么来的?这个问题一直困扰着早期探险家。

首先因为人们在一个火山周围发现了很多未完成的巨石，所以巨石的来源解决了。

然后就是怎么雕刻的，人们发现这些巨石外面很硬里面只比粉笔硬一些，早期的'探险家错误的以为这些石头很好雕刻。

中间说一个探险家带着六个人花了一个月还是一年的时间雕刻完了一个16feet的巨像，他推测岛上的人可以用多长时间来完成巨像(这里有道推测题，选的是岛上雕刻巨像的人比这探险家团队的人多)。

然后就是这些石头怎么运输的，因为现在岛上光秃秃的，没有树，所以巨石没法用树塾在地下滚动，但是科学家证明以前这个岛可不是这个样子，以前岛上有超级多的树。

2020年4月9日托福写作机经Sample answer：The reading and listening discuss aboutstrategies to stop the vanishing of gopher tortoises. The reading passage mentionsthree ways to stop the disappearing of gopher tortoises. Whereas, the professortotally refutes the three points presented in the passage.Firstly, the professor rebuts the reading's idea that bypreserving habitats of palm forests, gopher tortoises can have more food supplies.The professor claims that fires frequently happen in their habitats, thus causinga lot of trees and grass cleaned out. As a result, the tortoises do not have enoughgrass to eat.Secondly, the professor contradicts reading's secondmethod of raising the gopher tortoises in research center and then releasingthem. The professor mentions that this way can bring terrible consequences. Thegopher tortoises might suffer certain disease that can only be treated in theresearch center, and also cause negative effect to wild tortoises.At last, the passage states that people can protectthem by migrating gopher tortoises to areas suitable but without othertortoises. However, the professor explains thattortoises havehoming instinct that leads them to return to original habitats. In other cases,gopher tortoises willreturn if they cannot get the places chosen for them. Intheirway back, they may come across dangers like busy roads and even bekilled.独立写作：。

2020年托福听力模拟试题及答案（卷七）The mineral particles found in soil range in size from microscopic clay particles to large boulders. The most abundant particles —sand, silt, and clay —are the focus of examination in studies of soil texture. Texture is the term used to describe the composite sizes of particles in a soil sample, typically several representative handfuls.To measure soil texture, the sand, silt, and clay particles are sorted out by size and weight. The weights of each size are then expressed as a percentage of the sample weight. In the field, soil texture can be estimated by extracting a handful of soil and squeezing the damp soil into three basic shapes; (1) cast, a lump formed by squeezing a sample in a clenched fist; (2) thread, a pencil shape formed by rolling soil between the palms; and (3) ribbon, a flatfish shape formed by squeezing a small sample between the thumb and index finger. The behavioral characteristics of the soil when molded into each of these shapes, if they can be formed at all, provide the basis for a general textural classification. The behavior of the soil in the hand test is determined by the amount of clay in the sample. Clay particles are highly cohesive, and when dampened, behave as a plastic. Therefore the higher the clay content in a sample, the more refined and durable the shapes into which it can be molded.Another method of determining soil texture involves the use ofdevices called sediment sieves, screens built with a specified mesh size. When the soil is filtered through a group of sieves, each with a different mesh size, the particles become grouped in corresponding size categories. Each category can be weighed to make a textural determination. Although sieves work well for silt, sand, and larger particles, they are not appropriate for clay particles. Clay is far too small to sieve accurately; therefore, in soils with a high proportion of clay, the fine particles are measured on the basis of their settling velocity when suspended in water. Since clays settle so slowly, they are easily segregated from sand and silt. The water can be drawn off and evaporated, leaving a residue of clay, which can be weighed.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Characteristics of high quality soil(B) Particles typically found in most soils(C) How a high clay content affects the texture of soil(D) Ways to determine the texture of soil2. The author mentions "several representative handfuls" in line 4 in order to show(A) the range of soil samples(B) the process by which soil is weighed(C) the requirements for an adequate soil sample(D) how small soil particles are weighted3. The phrase "sorted out" in line 5 is closest in meaning to(A) mixed(B) replaced(C) carried(D) separated4. It can be inferred that the names of the three basic shapes mentioned in paragraph 2 reflect(A) the way the soil is extracted(B) the results of squeezing the soil(C) the need to check more than one handful(D) the difficulty of forming different shapes5. The word "dampened" in line 14 is closest in meaning to(A) damaged(B) stretched(C) moistened(D) examined6. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about a soil sample with little or no clay in it?(A) It is not very heavy.(B) It may not hold its shape when molded.(C) Its shape is durable(D) Its texture cannot be classified7. The word "they" in line 21 refers to(A) categories(B) sieves 筛子(C) larger particles(D) clay particles 颗粒8. It can be inferred from the passage that the sediment sieve has an advantage over the hand test in determining soil texture because(A) using the sieve takes less time(B) the sieve can measure clay(C) less training is required to use the sieve(D) the sieve allows for a more exact measure9. During the procedure described in paragraph 3, when clay particles are placed into water they(A) stick to the sides of the water container(B) take some time to sink to the bottom(C) separate into different sizes(D) dissolve quickly10. The word "fine" in line 24 is closest in meaning to(A) tiny 颗粒微小的(B) many(C) excellent(D) various11. All of the following words are defined in the passage EXCEPT(A) texture (line 3)(B) ribbon (line 10)(C) sediment sieves (line 18)(D) evaporated (line 25)DADBC BBDBA D词汇补充：ambidextrous 两手都善用的ameliorate 改善amethyst 紫晶amin acid 氨苦酸ammonia 氨an array of 大量的anatomy 解剖anchor 锚ancillary 附属的angiotensin 高血压素annex 并吞apothecary 药剂师appeal 吸引力apply 涂appreciable相当可观的arboreal 栖于树木的arcade 拱形建筑物arduous 艰苦的In July of 1994, an astounding series of events took place. The world anxiously watched as, every few hours, a hurtling chunk of comet plunged into the atmosphere of Jupiter. All of the twenty-odd fragments, collectively called comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 after its discoverers, were once part of the same object, now dismembered and strung out along the same orbit. This cometary train, glistening like a string of pearls, had been first glimpsed only a few months before its fateful impact with Jupiter, and rather quickly scientists had predicted that the fragments were on a collision course with the giant planet. The impact caused an explosion clearly visible from Earth, a bright flaming fire that quickly expanded as each icy mass incinerated itself. When each fragment slammed at 60 kilometers per second into the dense atmosphere, its immense kinetic energy was transformed into heat, producing a superheated fireball that was ejected back through the tunnel the fragment had made a few seconds earlier. The residues from these explosions left huge black marks on the face of Jupiter, some of which have stretched out to form dark ribbons.Although this impact event was of considerable scientific import, it especially piqued public curiosity and interest. Photographs of eachcollision made the evening television newscast and were posted on the Internet. This was possibly the most open scientific endeavor in history. The face of the largest planet in the solar system was changed before our very eyes. And for the very first time, most of humanity came to fully appreciate the fact that we ourselves live on a similar target, a world subject to catastrophe by random assaults from celestial bodies. That realization was a surprise to many, but it should not have been. One of the great truths revealed by the last few decades of planetary exploration is that collisions between bodies of all sizes are relatively commonplace, at least in geologic terms, and were even more frequent in the early solar system.1. The passage mentions which of the following with respect to the fragments of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9?(A) They were once combine in a larger body.(B) Some of them burned up before entering the atmosphere of Jupiter.(C) Some of them are still orbiting Jupiter.(D) They have an unusual orbit.2. The word "collectively" in line 3 is closest in meaning to(A) respectively(B) popularly(C) also(D) together3. The author compares the fragments of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 to all of the following EXCEPT(A) a dismembered body(B) a train(C) a pearl necklace(D) a giant planet4. Before comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 hit Jupiter in July 1994, scientists(A) had been unaware of its existence(B) had been tracking it for only a few months(C) had observed its breakup into twenty-odd fragments(D) had decided it would not collide with the planet5. Before the comet fragments entered the atmosphere of Jupiter, they were most likely(A) invisible(B) black(C) frozen(D) exploding6. Superheated fireballs were produced as soon as the fragments of comet Shoemaker- Levy 9(A) hit the surface of Jupiter(B) were pulled into Jupiter's orbit(C) were ejected back through the tunnel(D) entered the atmosphere of Jupiter7. The phrase "incinerated把。

2020届4月份内部特供卷高三英语（二）注意事项：1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

3.非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

第Ⅰ卷(选择题，共100分)第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。

从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. When do the speakers plan to get to the sports meet? A. At 7:45.B. At 8:00.C. At 8:15.2. What does the woman want from the store? A. Cookies.B. Milk.C. Peanut butter.3. What are the speakers talking about? A. A CD by Johnny.B. A present for Molly.C. A famous musician.4. Why does the man suggest the Fairmont Hotel? A. For its price.B. For its location.C. For its size.5. What is the man doing? A. Waiting for a call.B. Calling his neighbor.C. Opening a window.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

2020届4月份内部特供卷高三英语（四）注意事项：1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

3.非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共100分）第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。

从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt? A. £19.15.B. £ 9.18.C. £ 9.15答案是C 。

1. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a printing shop.B. At a bookstore.C. In a library.2. What is the man allowed to prepare? A. The sauces.B. The salad.C. The drinks.3. When will the man need to be in his seat? A. No later than 7:15pm.B. No later than 7:25pm.C. Anytime before 7:30pm.4. How does the woman feel about her new teacher? A. She feels nervous.B. She admires her.C. She is dissatisfied.5. What are the speakers talking about? A. A novel.B. A newspaper.C. A person.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。

2020年4月9日托福写作真题Sample answer：The reading and listening discuss aboutstrategies to stop the vanishing of gopher tortoises. The reading passage mentionsthree ways to stop the disappearing of gopher tortoises. Whereas, the professortotally refutes the three points presented in the passage.Firstly, the professor rebuts the reading's idea that bypreserving habitats of palm forests, gopher tortoises can have more food supplies.The professor claims that fires frequently happen in their habitats, thus causinga lot of trees and grass cleaned out. As a result, the tortoises do not have enoughgrass to eat.Secondly, the professor contradicts reading's secondmethod of raising the gopher tortoises in research center and then releasingthem. The professor mentions that this way can bring terrible consequences. Thegopher tortoises might suffer certain disease that can only be treated in theresearch center, and also cause negative effect to wild tortoises.At last, the passage states that people can protectthem by migrating gopher tortoises to areas suitable but without othertortoises. However, the professor explains thattortoises havehoming instinct that leads them to return to original habitats. In other cases,gopher tortoises willreturn if they cannot get the places chosen for them. Intheirway back, they may come across dangers like busy roads and even bekilled.独立写作：。

2020年托福听力模拟试题及答案（卷九）Xerography1 One more familiar use of electrochemistry that has made its way into the mainstream is xerography, a process for replicating documents that is dependent on photoconductive materials. A photoconductive material is an insulator in the dark but becomes a conductor when exposed to bright light. When a photocopy is being made, an image of a document is projected onto the surface of a rotating drum, and bright light causes the photoconductive material on the surface of the drum to become conductive.2 As a result of the conductivity, the drum loses its charge in the lighted areas, and toner (small grains to which dry ink adheres) attaches itself only to the darker parts of the image. The grains are then carried to a sheet of paper and fused with heat. When a laser printer is used, the image is projected by means of a laser beam, which creates a brighter light and a greater contrast between lighter and darker areas and therefore results in sharper printed images.1. The author begins the first paragraph with One more familiar use of electrochemistry in order to(A) explain that xerography is one of the less familiar uses of electrochemistry(B) make it clear that electrochemistry requires photoconductivematerials(C) show that xerography is the only known use for electrochemistry(D) indicate that other less familiar uses have already been discussed2. Why does the author explain that A photoconductive material is an insulator in the dark but becomes a conductor when exposed to bright light?(A) It gives an explanation of a property that is necessary for xerography.(B) It indicates that bright light is required for insulation to take place.(C) It gives one example of a successful xerographic process.(D) It explains the role of insulation in xerography.3. The author places the phrase small grains to which dry ink adheres in parentheses in order to(A) provide information that contradicts the previous statement(B) provide another example of conductivity(C) provide further detail information about toner(D) provide an alternate explanation for the effectiveness of toner4. Why is a laser printer mentioned?(A) It is an alternative to xerography.(B) It is a way of duplicating without using electrochemistry.(C) It is a second example of xerography.(D) It is a less effective type of xerography than is a photocopier.正确答案：D_A_C_CThe Filibuster1 The term filibuster has been in use since the mid-nineteenth century to describe the tactic of delaying legislative action in order to prevent the passage of a bill. The word comes from the Dutch freebooter, or pirate, and most likely developed from the idea that someone conducting a filibuster is trying to steal away the opportunity that proponents of a bill have to make it successful.2 In the earlier history of the U.S. Congress, filibusters were used in both the House of Representatives and in the Senate, but they are now much more a part of the culture of the Senate than of the House. Because the House is a much larger body than is the Senate, the House now has rules which greatly limit the amount of time that each member may speak, which effectively serves to eliminate the filibuster as a mechanism for delaying legislation in the House.3 In the Senate, the smaller of the two bodies, there are now rules that can constrain but not totally eliminate filibusters. The Senate adopted its first cloture rule in 1917, a rule which requires a vote of two-thirds of the Senate to limit debate to one hour on each side. The rule was changed in 1975 and now requires a vote of three-fifths of themembers to invoke cloture in most situations.4 The longest filibuster on record occurred in 1957, when Senator Strom Thurmond of South Carolina wanted to delay voting on civil rights legislation. The filibuster was conducted for twenty-four hours and 18 minutes on August 28 and 29, when Thurmond held the floor of the Senate by lecturing on the law and reading from court decisions and newspaper columns. It was his hope that this filibuster would rally opponents of civil rights legislation; however, two weeks after the filibuster, the Civil Rights Act of 1957 passed.14. It can be inferred from the information in paragraph 1 that around 1800(A) the first filibuster took place(B) legislative action was never delayed(C) the term filibuster was not in use in the U.S. Congress(D) the Dutch introduced the term freebooter15. It can be determined from paragraph 1 that a freebooter was most likely someone who(A) served in the Senate(B) robbed passing ships(C) enacted legislation(D) served in the Dutch government16. It is implied in paragraph 2 that, in its early years, the House(A) had no rules against filibusters(B) had few filibusters(C) had fewer filibusters than the Senate(D) had the longest filibuster on record17. Based on the information in paragraph 3, a vote of cloture would most likely be used to(A) initiate filibusters(B) break filibusters(C) extend filibusters(D) encourage filibusters18. It can be inferred from the information in paragraph 3 that the 1975 rule change(A) increased the number of people needed to vote for cloture(B) made it easier to limit a filibuster(C) covered all types of Senate votes(D) decreased the number of people in the Senate19. It is implied in paragraph 4 that Senator Thurmond was opposed to(A) filibusters(B) lecturing on the law(C) speaking in the Senate(D) the Civil Rights Act of 1957参考答案：14-19：A、B、A、B、DTiger MothsOne of the most beautiful of the more than 100,000 known species in the order Lepidoptera are the tiger moths, moths known for the striking appeal of their distinctive coloration. This type of moth is covered with highly conspicuous orange-and-black or yellow-and-black patterns of spots and stripes. Such boldly patterned color combinations are commonplace in the animal world, serving the function of forewarning potential predators of unpleasant tastes and smells. This is unquestionably the function served by the striking coloration of the garden tiger moth, which is quite visually attractive but is also poisonous to predators. Certain glands in the garden tiger moth produce strong toxins that circulate throughout the insect's bloodstream, while other glands secrete bubbles that produce a noxious warning smell. The tiger moth, indeed, is a clear example of a concept that many predators intuitively understand, that creatures with the brightest coloration are often the least suitable to eat.1. It is implied in the passage about the order Lepidoptera that(A) all members of the order are moths(B) there may be more than 100,000 species in this order(C) all members of the order are brightly colored(D) there are most likely fewer than 100,000 species in this order2. It can be inferred from the passage that the tiger moth was so named because(A) its coloration resembles that of a tiger(B) it is ferocious predator, like the tiger(C) its habitat is the same as the tiger's(D) it is a member of the same scientific classification as the tiger3. What would most likely happen to a predator that wanted to eata tiger moth?(A) The predator would be unable to catch it(B) The predator would capture it by poisoning it.(C) The predator would be unable to find it.(D) The predator would back away from it.4. Which of the following would a predator be most likely to attack successfully?(A) A purple and orange moth(B) A green and blue moth(C) A brown and grey moth(D) A red and yellow moth参考答案：1-4：B、A、D、CIsland Plant LifeIslands are geographical formations that are completely surrounded by water, yet many islands are covered with a rich assortment of plant life. It may seem surprising that so much plant life exists on many islands, yet there are surprisingly simple explanations as to how the vegetation has been able to establish itself there. Some islands were formerly attached to larger bodies of land, while others were created on their own. Islands that were created when flooding or rising water levels cut them off from their neighbors often still have the plant life that they had before they were cut off. In cases where islands formed out of the ocean, they may have plant life from neighboring lands even though they were never actually attached to the neighboring lands. Winds carry many seeds to islands; some plants produce extremely light seeds that can float thousands of feet above the Earth and then drift down to islands where they can sprout and develop. Birds also carry seeds to islands; as birds move over open stretches of water, they can serve as the transportation system to spread seeds from place to place.Answer Choices (choose 3 to complete the chart):(1) Some seeds are able to float great distances in the air.(2) Some plant life existed before islands were cut off from larger bodies of land.(3) Some islands have many different varieties of plants.(4) Birds sometimes carry seeds to islands.(5) Some islands were created when rising water cut them off from larger bodies of land.(6) Some plant seeds are carried to islands by the wind.参考答案：（2）、（4）、（6）Ben and Jerry1 All successful businesses are not established and run in the same way, with formal business plans, traditional organizational structures, and a strong focus on profits. Ben Cohen and Jerry Greenfield, the entrepreneurs responsible for the highly successful ice cream business that bears their names, were businessmen with a rather unconventional approach.2 They were rather unconventional from the start, not choosing to begin their careers by attending one of the elite business schools but instead choosing to take a five-dollar correspondence course from Pennsylvania State University. They had little financial backing to start their business, so they had to cut corners wherever they could; the onlylocation they could afford for the startup of their business was a gas station that they converted to ice cream production. Though this start-up was rather unconventional, they were strongly committed to creating the best ice cream possible, and this commitment to the quality of their product eventually led to considerable success.3 Even though they became extremely successful, they did not convert to a more conventional style of doing business. In an era where companies were measured on every penny of profit that they managed to squeeze out, Ben and Jerry had a strong belief that business should give back to the community; thus, they donated 7.5 percent of their pretax profit to social causes that they believed in. They also lacked the emphasis on executive salary and benefits packages that so preoccupy other corporations, opting instead for a five-to-one policy in which the salary of the employee receiving the highest pay could never be more than five times the salary of the employee receiving the lowest pay.Answer Choices (choose 3 to complete the chart):(1) They each had a personal commitment to social causes.(2) They began their business with little background andinvestment.(3) They believed strongly in producing a very high-quality product.(4) They had a salary structure that limits the salaries of high-level executives.(5) They set aside a noteworthy portion of their profits for social causes.(6) They borrowed several thousand dollars from friends to start their business.参考答案：(2)、(4)、(5)paragraph The Bald Eagle1 When the bald eagle became the national symbol of the United States in 1782, soon after the country was born, it is estimated that there were as many as 75,000 nesting pairs in North America. By the early 1960s, however, the number of nesting pairs had been reduced to only around 450.2 The demise of the bald eagle is generally attributed to the effects of the pesticide DDT (dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane). This pesticide was used to kill insects harmful to agriculture, thereby increasing agricultural production. One unintended negative result of the use of DDT was that, while it did get rid of the undesirable insects, it also made its way along the food chain into fish, a favorite food source of the bald eagle.3 The bald eagle is now protected by federal laws. It was originally protected by the Bald Eagle Act of 1940 and later by the Endangered Species Act of 1973. However, it is not just the laws directly related to endangered species that aided in the resurgence of the bald eagle; its resurgence has also been widely attributed to the banning of DDT in 1972. Today there are more than 5,000 pairs of bald eagles, a tenfold increase over the low point of 450, and the bird was removed from the list of endangered species in july, 1999.Answer Choices (choose 4 to complete the chart):(1) the numbers of bald eagles were greatly reduced, at least in part due to the effects of a pesticide.(2) The legislation has had a positive effect on the number of bald eagles.(3) The bald eagle was named as the national symbol of the United States in the late eighteenth century.(4) Early in the history of the United States, there were hugenumbers of bald eagles.(5) Two different pieces of legislation that affected the bald eagle were enacted 33 years apart.(6) The federal government enacted legislation specifically designed to protect the bald eagle as well as to outlaw the pesticide DDT.参考答案：(1)、(2)、(4)、(6)Sand Dunes1 Sandy deserts contain enormous volumes of sand eroded from mountains and carried to the deserts by wind or water. The huge quantities of sand that make up sandy deserts are blow about into dunes of various shapes.2 Ridge dunes form where there are large amounts of sand, generally in the interiors of deserts, and winds blow in one direction. Under there conditions, parallel ridges of sand, known as transverse dunes, form at right angles to the wind.3 When the direction of the wind changes so that it comes from different directions, star-shaped dunes form from the massive amounts of sand in desert interiors. Star-shaped dunes are relatively stable dunes that reach incredible heights, up to 80 meters high in some deserts, and are quite common in massive deserts such as the Sahara.4 Crescent dunes form on the edges of deserts where there is less sand and where the winds blow mainly in one direction. These dunes,which are also known as barchan dunes are less stable than star-shaped dunes and can shift as much as 20 meters per year as winds blow over the outer curves of the crescent in the direction of the pointed ends.Answer Choices (choose 4 to complete the chart):(1) Ridge and crescent dunes form where the winds blow from one direction.(2) Crescent dunes are also known as barchan dunes.(3) Star-shaped dunes form where the winds blow from different directions.(4) Transverse dunes are created parallel to the wind.(5) Ridge and star dunes form where there is a lot of sand.(6) Star-shaped dunes are more stable than crescent dunes.(7) Crescent dunes form where there is less sand.参考答案：第一栏：（5）、（7）第二栏：（1）、（3）William Faulkner1 Author William Faulkner is today recognized as one of America's greatest writers on the basis of a body of novels that so convincingly portray the culture of the South in the years following the Civil War, with its citizens overcome by grief and defeat and trying to cling to old values while struggling to take their place in a changing world. The acclaim that today is Faulkner's, however, was slow in coming.2 Though Faulkner was praised by some critics and reviewers during the first part of his career, is novels did not sell well and he was considered a fairly marginal author. For the first few decades of his career, he made his living writing magazine articles and working as a screenwriter rather than as a novelist. Throughout this period, he continued to write, though his novels, sometimes noted for the stirring portrait that they presented of life in the post-Civil War South, were generally relegated to the category of strictly regional writing and were not widely appreciated.3 Beginning in 1946, Faulkner's career took an unexpected anddramatic turn as Faulkner came to be recognized as considerably more than a regional writer. The Portable Faulkner was published in that year by Viking Press; two years later he was elected to the prestigious National Academy of Arts and Letters; he was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1949. Over the next decade, his work was recognized in various ways, including a National Book Award and two Pulitzer Prizes, and he became a novelist in residence at the University of Virginia. His success led to a degree of affluence that enabled him to take up the life of a southern gentleman, including horseback riding and fox hunting. Ironically, he died as a result of an accident related to these gentlemanly pursuits, succumbing as a result of injuries suffered during a fall from a horse.Answer Choices (choose 6 to complete the chart):(1) Was considered one of America's greatest writers(2) Received a small amount of critical acclaim(3) Died as a result of a horseback-riding incident(4) Received numerous awards and acclaim(5) Was considered merely a regional writer(6) Wrote novels about various American regions(7) Made his living as a novelist(8) Made his living with writing other than novels参考答案：第一栏：（2）、（5）、（8）第二栏：（1）、（4）、（7）The Clovis Culture1 Archeologists have found sites all over North America that contain similar tools dating from a period about 12,000 years ago. The culture that developed these tools has been named Clovis after the site near Clovis, New Mexico, where the first tools of this sort were discovered in 1932. The tools are quite sophisticated and are unlike any tools that have been found in the Old World.2 In the years since the first tools of this sort were discovered inNew Mexico, archeologists have discovered Clovis tools in areas ranging from Mexico to Montana in the United States and Nova Scotia in Canada. All of the Clovis finds date from approximately the same period, a fact which suggests that the Clovis spread rapidly throughout the North American continent.3 From the evidence that has been discovered, archeologists have concluded that the Clovis were a mobile culture. They traveled in groups of 40 to 50 individuals, migrating seasonally and returning to the same hunting camps each year. Their population increased rapidly as they spread out over the continent, and they were quite possibly motivated to develop their sophisticated hunting tools to feed their rapidly expanding populace.11. What is stated in paragraph 1 about Clovis tools?(A) They date from around 10,000 B.C.(B) They have been in use for 12,000 years.(C) They have been found at only one location.(D) They were discovered by archeologists hundreds of years ago.12. According to paragraph 1, the town of Clovis(A) is in Mexico(B) was founded in 1932(C) is where all members of the Clovis culture lived(D) is where the first remnants of an ancient culture were found13. It is indicated in paragraph 1 that the tools found near Clovis, New Mexico, were(A) very rudimentary(B) similar to others found prior to 1932(C) rather advanced(D) similar to some found in Africa and Europe14. According to paragraph 2, what conclusion have archeologists drawn from the Clovis finds?(A) That the Clovis tended to remain in one place(B) That the Clovis expanded relatively quickly(C) That the Clovis lived throughout the world(D) That the Clovis were a seafaring culture15. It is mentioned in paragraph 3 that it is believed that the Clovis(A) lived in familial groups of four or five people(B) had a relatively stable population(C) lived only in New Mexico(D) spent summers and winters in different places参考答案：11-15：A、D、C、B、DThe Postage Stamp1 The postage stamp has been around for only a relatively short period of time. The use of stamps for postage was first proposed in England in 1837, when Sir Rowland Hill published a pamphlet entitled"Post Office Reform: Its Importance and Practicability" to put forth the ideas that postal rates should not be based on the distance that a letter or package travels but should instead be based on the weight of the letter or package and that fees for postal services should be collected in advance of the delivery, rather than after, through the use of postage stamps.2 The ideas proposed by Hill went into effect in England almost immediately, and other countries soon followed suit. The first English stamp, which featured a portrait of then Queen Victoria, was printed in 1840. This stamp, the "penny black," came in sheets that needed to be separated with scissors and provided enough postage for a letter weighing 14 grams or less to any destination. In 1843, Brazil was the next nation to produce national postage stamps, and various areas in what is today Switzerland also produced postage stamps later in the same year. Postage stamps in five-and ten-cent denominations were first approved by the U.S. Congress in 1847, and by 1860 postage stamps were being issued in more than 90 governmental jurisdictions worldwide.6. According to paragraph 1, postage stamps were first suggested(A) in the first half of the eighteenth century(B) in the second half of the eighteenth century(C) in the first half of the nineteenth century(D) in the second half of the nineteenth century7. It is indicated in paragraph 1 that Sir Rowland Hill believed that postage fees(A) should be paid by the sender(B) should be related to distance(C) should have nothing to do with how heavy a package is(D) should be collected after the package is delivered8. What is stated in paragraph 2 about the first English postage stamp?(A) It was designed by Queen Victoria.(B) It contained a drawing of a black penny.(C) It was produced in sheets of 14 stamps.(D) It could be used to send a lightweight letter.9. According to paragraph 2, Brazil introduced postage stamps(A) before England(B) before Switzerland(C) after the United States(D) after Switzerland10. It is mentioned in paragraph 2 that in 1847(A) postage stamps were in use in 90 different countries(B) it cost fifteen cents to mail a letter in the United States(C) two different denominations of postage stamps were introduced in the United States(D) the U.S. Congress introduced the "penny black" stamp参考答案：6-10：A、A、D、B、CLake Baikal1 Crescent-shaped Lake Baikal, in Siberia, is only the ninth largest lake in area at 385 miles (650 km) in length and 46 miles (74 km) in width, yet it is easily the largest body of fresh water in the world. It holds one-fifth of the world's total fresh water, which is more than the total of all the water in the five Great Lakes; it holds so much fresh water in spite of its less-than-impressive area because it is by far the world's deepest lake. The average depth of the lake is 1,312 feet (400 meters) below sea level, and the Olkhon Crevice, the lowest known point, is more than 5,250 feet (1,600 meters) deep.2 Lake Baikal, which today is located near the center of the Asian peninsula, is most likely the world's oldest lake. It began forming 25 million years ago as Asia started splitting apart in a series of great faults. The Baikal Valley dropped away, eventually filling with water and creating the deepest of the world's lakes.1. What is stated in paragraph 1 about the shape of Lake Baikal?(A) It is wider than it is long.(B) It is circular in shape.(C) Its width is one-half of its length.(D) It is shaped like a new moon.2. It is indicated in paragraph 1 that the area of Lake Baikal(A) is less than the area of eight other lakes(B) is one-ninth the area of Siberia(C) is greater than the area of any other freshwater lake(D) is equal to the area of the five Great Lakes3. According to paragraph 1, Lake Baikal(A) holds one-fifth of the world's water(B) holds five times the water of the Great Lakes(C) holds one-ninth of the world's water(D) holds 20 percent of the world's fresh water4. According to paragraph 1, the Olkhon Crevice is(A) outside of Lake Baikal(B) 400 meters below sea level(C) the deepest part of Lake Baikal(D) 5,000 meters deep5. It is mentioned in paragraph 2 that Lake Baikal(A) is not as old as some other lakes(B) formed when sections of the Earth were moving away from each other(C) was fully formed 25 million years ago(D) is today located on the edge of the Asian peninsula参考答案：1-5：D、A、D、C、BNew World EpidemicsA huge loss of life resulted from the introduction of Old World diseases into the Americas in the early sixteenth century. The inhabitants of the Americas were separated from Asia, Africa, and Europe by rising oceans following the Ice Ages, and, as a result, they were isolated by means of this watery barrier from numerous virulent epidemic diseases that had developed across the ocean, such as measles, smallpox, pneumonia, and malaria. Pre-Columbian Americans had a relatively disease-free environment but also lacked the antibodies needed to protect them from bacteria and viruses brought to America by European explorers and colonists. A devastating outbreak of disease the strikes for the first time against a completely unprotected population is known as a virgin soil epidemic. Virgin soil epidemics contributed to an unbelievable decline in the population of native inhabitants of the Americas, one that has been estimated at as much as an 80 percent decrease of the native population in the centuries following the arrival of Europeans in the Americas.10. The word they in the passage refers to(A) the inhabitants(B) epidemic diseases(C) rising oceans(D) the Ice Ages11. The word that in the passage refers to(A) a disease-free environment(B) this watery barrier(C) virulent epidemic diseases(D) the ocean12. The world them in the passage refers to(A) pre-Columbian Americans(B) the antibodies(C) bacteria and viruses(D) European explorers and colonists13. The word one in the passage refers to(A) a virgin soil epidemic(B) an unbelievable decline(C) the population of native inhabitants(D) the arrival of Europeans参考答案：10-13：A、C、A、B。

2020年4月9日托福听力答案解析Conversation 1学生去工作中心询问跟工作相关的问题，说他们这里只提供full timejob,如果学生想要找 part time job,他需要去另外一个地方。

学生说他就是想找fulltime job,他现在在咖啡馆工作,不过一周只能工作15个小时。

他问如果找summer job是不是必须是毕业生(有题) , officer 说不是,每年会有很多公司来找暑假全职工作的学生,也有来招没有毕业的作为实习生,因为绝大部分学生都回家了(有题) 。

然后同他是什么专业的,男生说是biology;officer推荐正好有两个选择, 一个是在zoo(这里有題,男生不想在zoo);另一个是在hospitalwith kids,男生比较倾向这个选择。

男生同可不能够获得学分, officer说不一定，要跟department联系确定。

(有题)男生也觉得比较惊讶。

-TPO部分对应参考找工作场景类TPO18-C1/T17-C2）Lecture 1历史学讲座,关于一个primary source的challenge,老师说有种用作历史研究的资料,但是这个原始资料有很多问题。

比如Vmanuscript,由一个antique dealer发现的。

记载很多料技的东西。

因为语言的困难所以没法破译、还记最了很多植物，所以有人认为是hoax是后面的入 fake的。

于是对它 page 和 cover实行碳元素检査发现他是1400左右的。

老师说虽然对于 page cover是那时候的,但内容也有可能是后面写的。

但无法对ink实行碳素判定年份,因为ink很多不含organism。

后来发现一个J的签名他很喜欢旅游,如果是他的那应该早于xx 年。

-TPO部分对应参考（历史类TPO25-L3/TP17-L3）Lecture 2生物学。

Professor介绍文本背景：spider，本次讨论的重点是蜘蛛丝。

2020届4月份内部特供卷高三英语（一）注意事项：1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

3.非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共100分）第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。

从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. What does the man want a robot for? A. Looking after his younger brother. B. Helping his mother with housework. C. Playing with him in his free time.2. Who has a robot? A. The man.B. The man’s sister.C. The woman’s sister.3. What does the man think of the woman? A. She is careless with money. B. She has good taste in clothing. C. She is able to make money.4. What does the man wish the robot could do? A. Sing.B. Dance.C. Play chess5. What are the speakers talking about? A. The man’s mistake.B. The man’s behavior.C. The man’s job interview.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

2024年托福英语考试时间安排2024年托福英语考试时间安排1月：06日 13日 20日 27日2月：03日3月：02日 06日 10日 16日 23日4月：06日 13日 17日 21日 27日5月：11日 15日 18日 26日6月：02日 08日 12日 16日 22日 26日 30日7月：06日 10日 13日 20日 21日 24日8月：17日 21日 24日9月：01日 04日 07日 08日 14日 15日 18日 21日 22日10月：12日 16日 19日 26日 27日 30日11月：02日 03日 09日 13日 17日 24日12月：01日 08日 14日 18日 28日托福考试内容和题型有什么托福考试包括托福听力、托福阅读、托福写作及托福口语。

托福听力有八大题型，主旨题、细节题、结构题、态度题、预测题、是非判断题、重听题、推理题。

托福听力考试总时长为36分钟，3篇讲座+2篇对话，每篇讲座6道题，每篇对话5道题，共计28道题。

托福阅读变更为2篇*，取消了不计分的随机加试。

2篇*共有20道题，算分题量只有之前考试算分题量的2/3。

托福阅读考试总时长为35分钟。

同时因为算分题量的减少，每道题目的平均分值占比会更高，所以容错率会变低，对于做题总是粗心马虎的同学会更不友好。

但不同难度题目分值是否不同，目前还没有相应消息，具体的算分方式还要等ETS官方公布。

托福写作取消了独立写作，被新的短篇写作题型Academic Discussion替代，综合写作部分保持不变，写作总时长由50分钟变为29分钟。

托福口语共4道试题。

预估答题时长16分钟。

托福各题型分值是多少1、托福听力托福听力共有34道题，一道题一分，共计34分，例如考生在这个部分得分25分，那么按30%的比例就应该是30÷34×25=22分。

2、托福阅读通过之前的托福考试来看，阅读部分有39题，与听力部分一样也是1题1分，总结题目最多是2分，多选题若有有5个选项值一般算成3分，多选题若是有7个选项的算成是4分。

2017年托福听力考前训练试题及答案2By 1776 the fine art of painting as it had developed in western Europe up to this time had been introduced into the American colonies through books and prints, European visitors and immigrants, and traveling colonists who brought back copies (and a few original) of old master paintings and acquaintance with European art institutions.By the outbreak of the Revolution against British rule in 1776, the status of the artists had already undergone change. In the mid-eighteenth century, painters had been willing to assume such artisan-related tasks as varnishing, gilding teaching, keeping shops, and painting wheel carriages, houses, and signs. The terminology by which artists were described at the time suggests their status: "limner" was usually applied to the anonymous portrait painter up to the 1760's; "painter" characterized anyone who could paint a flat surface. By the second half of the century, colonial artists who were trained in England or educated in the classics rejected the status of laborer and thought of themselves as artists. Some colonial urban portraitists, such as John Singleton Copley, Benjamin West, and Charles Wilson Peale, consorted with affluent patrons. Although subject to fluctuations in their economic status, all three enjoyed sufficient patronage to allow them to maintain an image of themselves as professional artists, an image indicated by their custom of signing their paintings. A few art collectors James Bowdoin III of Boston, William Byrd of Virginian, and the Aliensand Hamiltons of Philadelphia introduced European art traditions to those colonists privileged to visit their galleries, especially aspiring artists, and established in their respective communities the idea of the value of art and the need for institutions devoted to its encouragement.Although the colonists tended to favor portraits, they also accepted landscapes, historical works, and political engravings as appropriate artistic subjects. With the coming of independence from the British Crown, a sufficient number of artists and their works were available to serve nationalistic purposes. The achievements of the colonial artists, particularly those of Copley, West, and Peale, lent credence to the boast that the new nation was capable of encouraging genius and that political liberty was congenial to the development of taste —a necessary step before art could assume an important role in the new republic.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) European influence on colonial American painting(B) The importance of patronage to artist(C) The changing status of artists in the American colonies in the eighteenth century(D) Subjects preferred by artists in the American colonies in the eighteenth century.2. The word "outbreak" in line 5 is closest in meaning to(A) cause(B) beginning(C) position(D) explanation3. The word "undergone undergo 经历" in line 6 is closest in meaning to(A) led to(B) transformed(C) preferred(D) experienced4. According to the passage , before the American Revolution the main task of limners was to(A) paint wheel carriages(B) paint portraits(C) varnish furniture(D) paint flat surfaces5. It can be inferred from the passage that artists who were trained in England(A) considered artists to be superior to painters(B) barely painted portraitists(C) were often very wealthy(D) imitated English painters6. The word "consorted 结交" in line 14 is closest in meaning to(A) made decisions(B) studies(C) agreed(D) associated7. The word "sufficient充足的，充分的" in line 16 is closest in meaning to(A) adequate(B) temporary(C) friendly(D) expensive8. According to the passage , artists such as Copley, West and Peal signed their paintings(A) increased the monetary value of the paintings(B) made it more difficult for other artists to copy the paintings(C) supported the artists' image of professionalism(D) distinguished colonial American artists from European artists9. The author mentions James Bowdoin III and William Byrd in line 17 as examples of which of the following?(A) Art gallery owners who displayed only European art(B) Art collectors who had a profound influence on American attitudes toward art(C) Artists who gave financial support to other artists(D) Patrons whose helped to encourage artisans to become artists10. With which of the following would the author be most likely to agree?(A) Countries that have not had a political revolution are unlikely to develop great art.(B) The most successful art collectors are usually artists themselves.(C) The value of colonial American paintings decreased after the Revolution.(D) Colonial artists made an important contribution to the evolving culture of the new nation.CBDBA DACBD语法补充倒装句的主谓一致，后决定前①there be 句型There + be + n.表係主由主決定係eg:(There are) no (known) society (in which) (left-handed) people predominate.答案: A there arethere is②between , among 等介词位于句首引起的倒装Between/ Among ...+ be + n.表係主由主決定係eg:65.Between the foothills of (the) Andes and (the) Pacific Ocean (are) a dry coastal strip带averaging about 30 miles (in width).答案: C areis66. (Among) the (favorite) attractions (at the) National Air and Space Museum in Washington D.C. are the (film) presented on the five-story-tall screen.答案: D filmfilms2017年托福听力考前训练试题及答案3Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise wayand then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.Since most important problems are multifaceted, there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college students is the question "What will I do after graduation?" A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating studentmight revise the question above to "What will I do after graduation that will lead to successful career?"1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) A tool to assist in making complex decisions.(B) A comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisions(C) Research on how people make decisions(D) Differences between long-range and short-range decision making2. The word "essential" in line 7 is closest in meaning to(A) introductory(B) changeable(C) beneficial(D) fundamental3. The word "pertinent有关的，相关的" in line 9 is closest in meaning to(A) relevant(B) preceding 在先的，前面的，在前的(C) insightful 富有洞察力的(D) responsive4. Of the following steps, which occurs before the others in making a decision worksheet?(A) Listing the consequences of each solution(B) Calculating a numerical summary of each solution(C) Deciding which consequences are most important(D) Writing down all possible solutions5. According to decision-worksheet theory, an optimal decision is defined as one that(A) has the fewest variables to consider(B) uses the most decision worksheets(C) has the most points assigned to it(D) is agreed to by the greatest number of people6. The author develops the discussion in paragraph 1 by means of(A) describing a process(B) classifying types of worksheets(C) providing historical background(D) explaining a theory7. The author states that "On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once (lines 17-18) to explain that(A) most decisions involve seven steps(B) human mental capacity has limitations(C) some people have difficulty making minor as well as major decisions(D) people can learn to keep more than seven ideas in their minds with practice8. The word "succinct简洁的"in line 24 is closest in meaning to(A) creative(B) satisfactory(C) personal(D) concise9. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?(A) Proponents (line 5)(B) Optimal (line 5)(C) Variables (line 17)(D) Long-range goals (line 25)10. The word "it" in line 24 refers to(A) worksheet(B) problem(C) distinction(D) decision11. The word "revise修订，修改，修正" in line 26 is closest in meaning to(A) ask(B) explain(C) change(D) predictADADC ABDBB C语法补充百分比结构most/ half/ rest/ majority/ some/ one percent/ one-third/ three-quarters + of + Noun. + V (V單複數由Noun.定)n1+of+n2+v 谓语由n1决定eg:Approximately fifty percent of the (package) (utilized) in the United States are for (foods) and (beverages)答案: A packagepackages2017年托福听力考前训练试题及答案4Matching the influx of foreign immigrants into the larger cities of the United States during the late nineteenth century was a domestic migration, from town and farm to city, within the United States. The country had been overwhelmingly rural at the beginning of the century, with less than 5 percent of Americans living in large towns or cities. The proportion of urban population began to grow remarkably after 1840, increasing from 11 percent that year to 28 percent by 1880 and to 46 percent by 1900. A country with only 6 cities boasting a population of more than 8,000 in 1800 had become one with 545 such cities in 1900. Of these, 26 had a population of more than 100,000 including 3 that held more than a million people. Much of the migration producing an urban society came from smaller towns within the United States, but the combination of newimmigrants and old American "settlers" on America's "urban frontier" in the late nineteenth century proved extraordinary.The growth of cities and the process of industrialization fed on each other. The agricultural revolution stimulated many in the countryside to seek a new life in the city and made it possible for fewer farmers to feed the large concentrations of people needed to provide a workforce for growing numbers of factories. Cities also provided ready and convenient markets for the products of industry, and huge contracts in transportation and construction —as well as the expanded market in consumer goods —allowed continued growth of the urban sector of the overall economy of the Untied States.Technological developments further stimulated the process of urbanization. One example is the Bessemer converter (an industrial process for manufacturing steel), which provided steel girders for the construction of skyscrapers. The refining of crude oil into kerosene, and later the development of electric lighting as well as of the telephone, brought additional comforts to urban areas that were unavailable to rural Americans and helped attract many of them from the farms into the cities. In every era the lure of the city included a major psychological element for country people: the bustle and social interaction of urban life seemed particularly intriguing to those raised in rural isolation.1. What aspects of the United States in the nineteenth century does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Technological developments(B) The impact of foreign immigrants on cities(C) Standards of living(D) The relationship between industrialization and urbanization2. The word "influx注入，涌入" in line 1 is closest in meaning to(A) working(B) processing 调整，加工，处理，冲洗，理赔，工艺设计…(C) arrival(D) attraction3. The paragraph preceding the passage most probably discuss(A) foreign immigration(B) rural life(C) the agricultural revolution(D) famous cities of the twentieth century4. What proportion of population of the United States was urban in 1900?(A) Five percent(B) Eleven percent(C) Twenty-eight percent(D) Forty-six percent5. The word "extraordinary不平常的，特别的" in line 12 is closet in meaning to(A) expensive(B) exceptional(C) supreme(D) necessary6. The phrase "each other" in line 13 refers to(A) foreign immigrants and domestic migrants(B) farms and small towns(C) growth of cities and industrialization(D) industry and transportation7. The word "stimulated" in line 14 is closest in meaning to(A) forced(B) prepared(C) limited(D) motivated8. Why does the author mention "electric lighting" and "the telephone" in line 23?(A) They contributed to the agricultural revolution(B) They are examples of the conveniences of city life(C) They were developed by the same individual.(D) They were products of the Bessemer converter.9. The word "them" in line 25 refers to(A) urban areas(B) rural Americans(C) farms(D) cities10. The word "era" in line 25 is closest in meaning to(A) period of time(B) location(C) action(D) unique situation11. The word "intriguing有吸引的" in line 27 is closest in meaning to(A) profitable(B) attractive(C) comfortable(D) challengingDCADB CDBBA B。

2024年全年托福考试时间（具体）安排2024年全年托福考试时间安排1月：06日 13日 20日 27日2月：03日3月：02日 06日 10日 16日 23日4月：06日 13日 17日 21日 27日5月：11日 15日 18日 26日6月：02日 08日 12日 16日 22日 26日 30日7月：06日 10日 13日 20日 21日 24日8月：17日 21日 24日9月：01日 04日 07日 08日 14日 15日 18日 21日 22日10月：12日 16日 19日 26日 27日 30日11月：02日 03日 09日 13日 17日 24日12月：01日 08日 14日 18日 28日托福考试的题型1、托福口语。

在改革之前，新托福口语考试考两种题型，总共6道题，独立题部分是2道，综合题部分是4道，托福考试时长是20分钟，其中，15分钟时答题时间，5分钟是准备时间。

在改革之后，新托福口语考试会从6道题变成4道题，随机减少一道独立题和一道综合题，答题时间变成12分钟。

2、托福阅读。

阅读*涵盖各种不同科目的内容，可划分为三种基本类型：解释说明型(exposition)、立论型(argumentation)、历史题材型(historical)，一篇*会对关于主题的信息从不同的角度或观点进行阐述。

3、托福听力。

听力包含2-3个对话和3-4个lecture，每个对话包含5个问题，每个lecture包含6个问题;总分30;考试时长41-57分钟。

托福听力材料包括讲座、课堂讨论以及对话，真实反映了课堂上的听说情景，主要测试考生在学术环境中理解口语的能力。

4、托福写作。

写作题分为综合写作和独立写作，其中一篇类似于老托福的写作，要求考生在30分钟内就某一话题阐述自己的观点，字数要求为300字以上;另一篇则要求考生首先阅读一篇*，五分钟以后，*隐去，播放一段与*有关的课堂演讲。

托福综合写作要求考生能够将课堂、讲座内容与阅读教材和其他材料相结合。