上海市杨浦区2017届高三上学期期末高中等级考质量调研生命科学试题 Word版含答案

杨浦区2016学年度第一学期高中等级考质量调研高三年级生命科学学科试卷2016.12本试卷共8页。

满分100分。

考试时间为60分钟。

请在答题纸上填写学校、姓名、准考证号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。

答案全部涂、写在答題纸上，不要超过答题框，否则不得分。

一． 单选题（共40分。

每小题只有一个正确选项） 1.构成细胞内生命物质的主要有机成分是 A ．蛋白质和核酸 B ．糖类和蛋白质 C ．蛋白质和脂质 D ．糖类和核酸2. 如图是细胞发生的一系列变化过程，有关分析正确的是A ． 过程①表示细胞生长B ． 过程②表示细胞分化C ． 过程②染色体数会减半D ． 过程③表示细胞分裂 3.在电子显微镜下，颤藻和水稻叶肉细胞中都能被观察到的结构是 A ．叶绿体和液泡B ．内质网和核糖体C ．核糖体和细胞膜D ．细胞核和线粒体4.将紫色洋葱表皮细胞置于30%的蔗糖溶液中，光镜下所能看到的现象是 ①区域1扩大 ②区域1缩小 ③区域2紫色变浅 ④区域2紫色加深 ⑤原生质层与细胞壁逐渐分离 ⑥细胞膜、液泡膜结构清晰A ． ①③⑤B ． ①④⑤C ． ②④⑤D ． ①④⑥5.下列关于测量蚕豆叶下表皮保卫细胞长度的实验操作，正确的是 A ．要使视野的右下方物像移到视野中央，须将装片移向左上方 B ．从低倍镜转到高倍镜时，轻轻地转动物镜使高倍镜到位 C ．高倍镜放大了观察视野，增大了放大倍数D ．测量细胞长度时，应尽量使目镜测微尺与被测细胞平行并重叠6. 剧烈运动时人体骨骼肌细胞进行呼吸作用，下列叙述中，错误．．的是 A ．人剧烈运动时骨骼肌能同时产生乳酸和CO 2 B ．该细胞有氧呼吸产物与酵母菌有氧呼吸的产物相同 C ．会使溴代麝香草酚蓝水溶液的颜色发生蓝→绿→黄的变化 D ．该细胞呼吸产物与乳酸菌细胞呼吸的产物相同7. 下列化学反应属于氧化分解反应的是①核酸→核苷酸 ②葡萄糖→丙酮酸 ③麦芽糖→葡萄糖 ④丙酮酸→二碳化合物+水 A ．①②B ．①③C ．②③D ．②④8. 人体蛋白与食物蛋白的氨基酸含量比例不同，保证食物蛋白被合理利用的主要生理作用和当体内糖类物质不足时氨基酸发生的生理作用分别为1 2①脱氨基作用②脱水缩合作用③转氨基作用④不含氮部分的氧化分解A．①④B．③②C．③①D．①③9. 给狗喂食会引起唾液分泌，但铃声刺激不会。

2017年上海市普通高中学业水平等级性考试生命科学答案解析 一、选择题1.【答案】B2.【答案】C3.【答案】B4.【答案】D5.【答案】A6.【答案】C7.【答案】A8.【答案】C9.【答案】A 10.【答案】D 11.【答案】B 12.【答案】C13.【答案】B14.【答案】D15.【答案】A16.【答案】D17.【答案】C18.【答案】D19.【答案】C20.【答案】C二、综合分析题（一）细胞和细胞分裂21.【答案】D22.【答案】磷脂、蛋白质23.【答案】D24.【答案】ABCD25.【答案】DNA 含量差异：X 1的DNA 含量是X 3的1/2________________ ___________细胞核形态差异：X 1有核膜、核仁、染色质，X 3核膜核仁解体消失，染色质螺旋化为染色体意义：X 1有利于DNA 的精确复制和转录，X 3有利于染色体的移动、遗传物质的平均分配（二）生命活动调节26.【答案】A27.【答案】外负内正28.【答案】B29.【答案】ABC30.【答案】AC31.【答案】对照组：电磁波基本不影响对照组的血糖变化实验组：在45min 之前，电磁波使实验组血糖显著上升，而在45min 后趋于稳定（三）人类遗传病32.【答案】隐33.【答案】X 高34.【答案】XY35.【答案】基因检测/基因诊断36.【答案】ACD（四）生物技术及生命科学的应用37.【答案】某分泌型脂肪酶编码基因（或LP ） EcoR138.【答案】沉淀39.【答案】优：固定化酶的活性随温度升高而升高，在45-60℃时酶的固定化活性最高。

劣：在30-40℃时，固定化酶的活性比非固定化酶活性低。

（五）光合作用40.【答案】类囊体 ② 2O 2CO41.【答案】30℃42.【答案】2CO 是光合作用的原料，2CO 浓度为1.2-1.6 olL 时，有利于光合作用，温度为26℃ 时，光合作用的酶活性高，呼吸作用的速率酶活性低，光合速率显著上升43.【答案】方案一合理：图中2CO 浓度为1.4-1.6mol/L ，30℃时，光合速率大且稳定局限：光合作用酶的最适温度比呼吸作用酶低，温度为30℃时，呼吸速率较大，不利于光和产量的提高。

杨浦区2017学年度第一学期高三模拟质量调研英语学科试卷2017. 12 本试卷分为第I卷（第1-11页）和第II卷（第12页）两部分。

全卷共12页。

满分140分。

考试时间120分钟。

考生注意：1．答第I卷前，考生务必将条形码粘贴在答题纸的指定区域内。

2. 第I卷（1-20小题，31---70小题）由机器阅卷，答案必须全部涂写在答题卡上。

考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。

注意试题题号和答题卡编号一一对应，不能错位。

答案需要更改时，必须将原选项用橡皮擦去，重新选择。

答案写在试卷上一律不给分。

第I卷中的第21-30小题，IV. Summary Writing部分和第II卷的试题，其答案用钢笔或水笔写在答题纸的规定区域内，如用铅笔答题，或写在试卷上则无效。

第I卷（共100分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a professor's office. B. In a second-hand book shop.C. In a library.D. In a hospital.2. A. 10 yuan. B. 20 yuan.C. 30 yuan.D. 50 yuan.3. A. House agent and customer. B. Shop assistant and customer.C. Car mechanic and car owner.D. Employer and employee.4. A. The man doesn't believe what the woman says.B. The weather report spoils the man's good mood.C. They will cancel the hiking due to the bad weather.D. The man thinks it unnecessary to give up the adventure.5. A. She always talks bad about her colleagues.B. She has a good reputation among her colleagues.C. She is good at handling complicated relationships.D. She has good relations with her colleagues and boss.6. A. Harmony in a community. B. Safety in the neighborhood.C. Preparation for Christmas.D. Ways to save electricity.7. A. Watching advertisements may help ease eyestrain（眼疲劳）.B. It's a great chance to break the habit of watching TV.C. The advertisements are long enough for her to have a nap.D. Focusing eyes on the screen for a long time is harmful to eyes.8. A. The man decides to go home by rail.B. Most people travel by car during the festival.C. Most people arrive beyond the scheduled time.D. The man will have a sound sleep on the bus.9. A. He is not a bit overweight.B. He likes his fitness instructor.C. She has set too many rules for him.D. She should talk with his personal trainer.10. A. Greeks are not allowed to get married before 18.B. Greek kids are not as independent as American kids.C. American parents don’t pay for children's wedding.D. Greek parents will take care of children until they are 18.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. The burn is 20 millimeters across.B. The burn is small but very painful.C. The burn takes away the victim's feeling.D. The burn is small but the skin is damaged.12. A. Use a clean plastic bag to keep warm.B. Bind up the burn with bandage or cloth.C. Treat the burned area with cold running water.D. Flush（冲洗）the burn with ice water for several minutes.13. A. To avoid infection. B. To ease pain.C. To speed recovery.D. To reduce stickiness. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. A cell phone. B. A leather wallet.C. A mini camera.D. An alarm clock.15. A. The wallet will sound an alarm.B. It will track the thief with GPS system.C. It will contact the bank to block balance.D. Its owner will receive a picture of the thief.16. A. It's out-dated in this digital age.B. It can text messages automatically.C. It is a multifunctional wallet.D. It is unique in appearance and function.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. The concert is beyond her curfew(宵禁).B. She can’t go out on school night.C. Her mother is not available.D. She doesn’t like the band.18. A. His parents set a strict rule for him.B. His parents don’t care when he is back.C. He is self-disciplined and trustworthy.D. He envies those who have curfews.19. A. Promoting maturity. B. Giving sense of security.C. Improving sense of responsibility.D. Discouraging independence.20. A. It’s a severe punishment. B. It’s for her good.C. It’s a ridiculous practice.D. It’s an exceptional case.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.It’s interesting when you think about how Japan is a nation (21) ______ appreciates the virtues of silence and good manners, and yet when it comes to eating noodles, Japanese people can be (22) ______ (loud) in the world.According to lifestyle website grapee.jp, slurping (发出"哧溜"声) when eating noodles (23) ______ (encourage) in Japanese culture. It’s believed that taking air into your mouth (24) ______ enhance the flavor of the noodles, and that it helps cool down the noodles. It’s also considered to be a way to show appreciation for the dish. Sometimes, just making the noise alone seems to make the noodles more enjoyable.It wasn’t until a new expression –“noodle harassment（骚扰）”-- came out last year on social media (25) ______ Japanese people started to realize that the slurping noise is making some foreign visitors uncomfortable.(26) ______ a response, Japanese instant noodle maker Nissin introduced a so-called noise-canceling fork last month. The fork, which looks like an electric toothbrush, is connected wirelessly to a smart phone. When the person using the fork starts to slurp, the fork sends asignal to the person’s phone, (27) ______ (make) it play a sound to mask the slurping noise.But is it really necessary? Dining traditions do vary. (28) ______ is considered to be proper table manners in one country is likely to be seen as rude in another. In India, people eat with their hands (29) ______ they think in this way they build a connection with the food. However, people who are used to eating with forks might find it uncomfortable to get their hands (30) ______ (cover) in oil and bits of food. But this eating method is part of Indian's culture, just like Japan's slurping is part of its own.“So, if your are eating noodles, whether that’s ramen, uudon, or soba, please slurp,” wrote reporter Brian Ashcraft on blog Kotaku. “If anyone gets annoyed while you are doing that, pay them no mind because they're missing the point entirely.”Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. tissueB. treatedC. potentialD. engineeringE. environmentF. limitedG. procedure H. commercial I. promising J. expanding K. internalScientists have developed a new surgical glue that could transform emergency treatments by sealing up critical wounds in the skin or the organs, without the need for staples or sutures（钉合或缝合）.It’s called MeTro. It was developed by researchers from both Harvard Medical School and the University of Sydney, led by Nasim Annabi, an assistant professor of chemical __31__. The glue is made from a modified （改良的）human protein that responds to UV light, allowing the application and drying of the gel-like substance in just a minute.According to the international team of researchers behind the glue,it could quite literally be a lifesaver, sealing up wounds in 60 seconds without stopping the natural __32__ and relaxing of the organ or the skin it’s applied to. Wounds __33__ with MeTro can heal up in half the time compared with stitches or staples, the researchers claim, and if surgeryis required then MeTro can simplify that __34__ too. It's also one of several ways researchers are exploring to engineer our body's own natural substances to help repair it when needed.The __35__ applications are powerful – from treating serious __36__ wounds at emergency sites such as following car accidents and in war zones, as well as improving hospital surgeries.MeTro is simple to apply, can be easily stored, and works closely with natural __37__ to heal a wound. What’s more, it degrades without leaving any kind of poisonous leftovers in the body.For now the trials are __38__ to animal models. But human trials are in the works, and the results to date are incredibly __39__. If the MeTro can be further developed into a __40__ product, it could become an essential part of a first responder’s toolkit.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Competition is good for businesses. In the world of navigation（导航） systems, however, competition is also a necessity --- it may not be wise to rely on foreign systems for positioning and tracking services. Now, ___41___ remarkable accuracy and reliability, China’s BeiDou system has made its presence felt.The BeiDou project was set up in 1994. The first BeiDou satellite was not launched until 2000. Now, ___42___, there are already more than 20 BeiDou satellites in orbit (轨道) . They form a ___43___ network that provides positioning, navigation and timing services for China and several other Asian countries.This “home-grown" system is now ___44___ a major upgrade. Earlier this month, two BeiDou-3 satellites, the first of China’s most powerful ___45___of navigation satellites, were launched into space. The launch marks the beginning of the global ___46___ of the BeiDou navigation system. Over the next three years, China plans to send up 30 more BeiDou-3 satellites; The expanded navigation system will ___47___ create a network that is able to support military and civilian applications around the world.Scientists involved in the project said the new system would give civilian users an accuracy of 2.5 meters to five meters, overtaking that of the ___48___ positioning technologies. BeiDou’s chief designer said the new satellites would be able to __49___ which lane a car is using on a motorway and __50___ the swing of a building in high winds. It will also be able to guide fire trucks to the nearest water hydrant (消防栓).The Chinese military, meanwhile, will be able to use coded signals for millimeter（毫米）___51___ .China is only the third country in the world to develop a navigation system on its own, after the United States (GPS) and Russia (GLONASS). Developing BeiDou is a necessity. The system __52___ national security by ending a reliance on foreign systems. Moreover, it enhances China’s international reputation for technological ___53___.For most of us, the benefits of the new satellite system will be felt in a couple of years when more phones are ___54___ with BeiDou chips (芯片). Many smartphones today still use GPS and GLONASS. That’ll soon change with the development of BeiDou. One product manager ___55___ mostsmartphones to be able to receive BeiDou signals. He says: “In three years’time, people may still say ‘I’m using GPS’, but in fact, their phone is tune in to BeiDou. ”41. A. dominating B. boasting C. shifting D. inputting42. A. however B. afterwards C. moreover D. therefore43. A. continental B. local C. domestic D. regional44. A. enduring B. encountering C. undergoing D. processing45. A. generation B. information C. examination D. revolution46. A. extension B. expansion C. interaction D. invasion47. A. objectively B. eventually C. sufficiently D. essentially48. A. existing B. progressing C. upcoming D. everlasting49. A. explore B. investigate C. spot D. remind50. A. detect B. prevent C. protect D. adjust51. A. privacy B. accuracy C. fluency D.currency52. A. convinces B. insures C. highlights D. strengthens53. A. innovation B. consumption C. emission D. exhibition54. A. decorated B. furnished C. equipped D. connected55. A. respects B. instructs C. inspects D. expectsSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)A Swedish power plant is taking reuse and recycle to the next level by burning unusable clothing instead of coal, Bloomberg reports.Retail giant Hennes & Mauritz, more commonly known as H&M, is helping the utility transition away from coal through its moldy (发霉的) or otherwise unsalable clothing.The multi-fuel power and heating station in Västerås, central Sweden, is planning to be completely fossil-fuel free by 2020. It’s thelargest station of its kind and Sweden claims it’s one of Europe’s cleanest. To kick its coal habit, the station is turning instead to other burnable materials including recycled wood, rubbish and yes, clothes.“Our goal is to use only renewable and recycled fuels,” Jens Neren, head of fuel supplies at the utility company which owns and operates the Västerås plant, told Bloomberg.Johanna Dahl, head of communications for H&M in Sweden, told Bloomberg that the company allows only the burning of clothes which are no longer safe to use.“It is our legal obligation to make sure that clothes that contain mold or do not meet the requirements of our strict restriction on chemicals are destroyed,” she said.The Västerås plant has burned around 15 tons of old H&M clothes so far this year, compared with about 400,000 tons of rubbish, Neren told Bloomberg.Sweden has one of the world’s greener energy generating systems, and has invested in bioenergy, solar power and electric buses. In 2015, the Scandinavian country announced an ambitious aim to become one of the first nations in the world to end its dependence on fossil fuels. According to the Swedish government, the country has already heavily reduced its dependence on oil, which accounted for 75% of the energy supply in 1970, and now makes up a 20% share.56. Which of the following can serve as fuel in the Västerås plant?A. Fashionable coats in H&M chain store.B. Old TV sets deserted as rubbish.C. Wooden furniture in second-hand shop.D. H&M clothes unsuitable for sale.57. The underlined word in the last paragraph “generating” is closestin meaning to ______.A. eliminatingB. adjustingC. producingD. circulating58. What can we learn from the passage?A. The Swedish government discourages the development of bioenergy.B. Clothes only take up a small proportion of the burning material.C. Sweden’s fossil-fuel free plan is almost accomplished by now.D. Sweden has an ambition to be the cleanest country in the world.59. What is the main idea of the passage?A. A Swedish power plant is burning unusable H&M clothes for fuel.B. The Swedish government aims high and is taking effective action.C. H&M is looking for a new way to strengthen its position in fashion.D. Coal and oil are no longer regarded as the primary fuels in Sweden.(B)60. Before an adventure, a trekker should ______.A. tell the park officials his destination and time scheduleB. pack up some jungle fruit juice and pre-cooked mealsC. consult a local guide about the most adventurous routeD. have his fitness level assessed at the tourist center61. Which of the following is NOT suitable for a rainforest trekking?A. Long-sleeved cotton shirts.B. Tight sports shorts.C. Hiking boots.D. A wide brimmed hat.62. If a trekker starts out at dawn, he may ______.A. escape being caught in the rainB. sight scared wildlifeC. enjoy the heat of the tropical sunD. see animals seeking food(C)The largest genetic study of mosquitoes has found their ability to resist insecticides is evolving rapidly and spreading across Africa, putting millions of people at higher risk of contracting malaria（疟疾）.British scientists who led the work said mosquitoes' growing resistance to control tools such as insecticide-treated bed nets and insecticide spraying, which have helped cut malaria cases since 2000, now threatens “to disturb malaria control” in Africa.“Our study highlights the severe challenges facing public efforts to control mosquitoes and to manage and limit insecticide resistance,” said Martin Donnelly of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, who worked on the study with a team from Britain’s Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.Latest World Health Organization (WHO) data show that 216 million people were infected last year with the malaria parasite(寄生虫), which is transmitted by blood-sucking Anopheles mosquitoes.The disease killed 445,000 people in 2016, and the majority of them were children in sub-Saharan Africa.To understand how mosquitoes are evolving, the researchers sequenced the DNA of 765 wild Anopheles mosquitoes taken from 15 locations across eight African countries. Their work, published in the journal Nature on Wednesday, created the largest data resource on natural genetic variation for any species of insect.Analyzing the data, the scientists found that the Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes（冈比亚疟蚊）were extremely genetically diverse （多样化的）compared with most other animal species. This high genetic diversity enables rapid evolution, they said, and helps to explain how mosquitoes develop insecticide resistance so quickly.The data also showed the rapid evolution of insecticide resistance appeared to be due to many previously unknown genetic variants（变体）within certain genes. The scientists said these genetic variants for insecticide resistance were not only emerging independently in different parts of Africa, but were also being spread across the continent by mosquito migration.Michael Chew, an expert at Britain’s Wellcome Trust global health charity which helped fund the research, said the finds underlined the importance of pushing scientific research ahead to control malaria.Global efforts to control malaria through effective vaccine, insecticides and the best drug combinations require urgent, united action by scientists, drug companies, governments and the WHO.63. Which of the following is scientists’ headache?A. The number of mosquitoes in Africa is growing rapidly.B. Some genetic variants of mosquitoes are still unknown.C. The existing insecticides aren’t as effective as they used to be.D. Millions of African people have resistance to medicines for malaria.64. Malaria cases can be cut by ______.A. threatening drug companiesB. spraying insecticidesC. limiting blood donationD. transmitting data65. What CANNOT be concluded from the passage?A. Children are more likely to be bit by mosquitoes.B. Many previously unknown variants are found in the study.C. The mosquito migration contributes to the spread of variants.D. Anopheles mosquitoes have great genetic diversity.66. Which is FALSE about the genetic study of mosquitoes?A. It created the largest data on natural genetic variation for any insect species.B. It found the possible causes for the rapid evolution of insecticide resistance.C. It discovered where the genetic variants emerged and how they were spread.D. It highlighted the public efforts and appealed to limit the use of insecticides.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Imagine you're standing in line to buy an afterschool snack at a store. You step up to the counter and the cashier scans your food. Next, you have to pay. But instead of scanning a QR code with your smartphone, you just hold out your hand so the cashier can scan your fingerprint. Or, a camera scans your face, your eyes or even your ear.__________67__________ As technology companies move away from traditional password, biometric（生物识别） security, which includes fingerprint, face and voice ID, is becoming increasingly popular.In 2013, Apple introduced the iPhone 5s, one of the first smartphones with a fingerprint scanner. Since then, using one’s fingerprint to unlock a phone and make mobile payments has become commonplace, bringing convenience to our lives. And since last year, Samsung has featured eye-scanning technology in its top smartphones, while Apple’s new iPhone X can even scan a user’s face.__________68__________ “Biometrics, ideally, are good,”John Michener, a biometric expert, told tech website Inverse. “In practice, not so much.”When introducing the new iPhone’s Face ID feature at Apple’s Keynote Event in September, Phil Schiller, Apple’s senior vice president, said, “__________69__________”But it’s already been done. In a video posted on community website Reddit on Nov 3, two brothers showed how they were each able to unlock the same iPhone X using their own face, Quartz reported. And they aren’t even twins.“We may expect too much from biometrics,” Anil Jain, a computer science professor at Michigan State University, told CBS news. “No security systems are perfect.”Earlier this year, Jain found a way to trick biometric security. Using a printed copy of a thumbprint, she was able to unlock a dead person's smartphone for police.“It’s good to see biometrics being used more,” Jain told CBS News, “because it adds another factor for security. __________70__________”IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.It’s a common sight to see food delivery workers riding electric bikes through big cities in China. Most of them seem to be in a hurry, as they run red lights to deliver their meals in time. However, such reckless （鲁莽的）behavior often causes serious problems.In the first half of this year, food delivery drivers had 76 traffic accidents in Shanghai alone, according to the Shanghai Public Security Bureau. This means that on average, there is a food delivery worker that gets hurt or even dies on the road in Shanghai every 2.5 days.Other cities also share similar problems. In Nanjing, three people died and 2,473 were injured in road accidents related to food delivery workers in the same period, according to the Ministry of Public Security.The rise of reckless behavior among food delivery workers is closely related to the growing demand for their service, reported People’s Daily. About 150 million people in China use food delivery services, according to China Radio International (CRI). Such a big market has led to a large demand for food delivery workers, with some companies offering high salaries to attract new workers.However, food delivery workers are often under high pressure from their employers. They face company fines of 20 yuan for delivering food late and upwards of 200 yuan for receiving complaints, reported CRI. Moreover, the more orders they take, the more commission（佣金）they can earn, leading to some workers checking their mobile phones for new orders while they're riding their bikes.While most companies have measures requiring delivery workers to follow traffic rules, “there remains a problem of whether these requirements and rules for delivery workers are truly entering their ears, brains and hearts,” Wang Liang, deputy head of the Traffic Police Security Bureau, told news website The Paper.To solve the problem, some cities have taken action. Shanghai has asked companies to train their workers on traffic rules and safety. Now in Shenzhen, if a delivery worker gets caught breaking traffic rules more than twice, he or she will be banned from driving food delivery vehicles for a whole year.第II卷（共40分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.这个比赛旨在鼓励年轻人继承中国文化的传统。

2017 年上海市普通高中学业水平等级性考试生命科学 试卷考生注意：1. 试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟。

2. 本考试分设试卷和答题纸。

试卷包括两部分，第一部分为选择题，第二部分为综合分析题，所有试题均为简答题。

3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写姓名、报名号、考场号和座位号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。

作答必须涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。

第一部分的作答必须涂在答题纸上相应的区域，第二部分的作答必须写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置。

一、选择题（共40分，每小题2分。

每小题只有一个正确答案） 1. 图 1 所示生物不具有细胞结构，该生物属于所示生物不具有细胞结构，该生物属于 A. 动物动物 B. RNA 病毒病毒病毒 C. 植物植物D. DNA病毒病毒病毒2. 食物中的蛋白质需要消化为氨基酸才能被吸收，该消化过程中断开的化学键是食物中的蛋白质需要消化为氨基酸才能被吸收，该消化过程中断开的化学键是A. ①B. ②C. ③D. ④3. 在“观察蚕豆叶下表皮”实验中，低倍镜视野下观测到保卫细胞位于视野右下角，欲在高倍镜视野下进一步清晰观察该细胞，下列操作中错．误．的是的是 A. 移动载玻片移动载玻片B. 换为低倍镜换为低倍镜C. 换为高倍镜换为高倍镜D. 调节细调节器调节细调节器4. 为了解某食品样液中的营养成分，对其做出三种规范的鉴定操作，得到相应现象如表为了解某食品样液中的营养成分，对其做出三种规范的鉴定操作，得到相应现象如表 1 1 1。

由此判断该食品样液中至少含有由此判断该食品样液中至少含有 A. 还原性糖和脂肪还原性糖和脂肪 鉴定标本鉴定用试剂 现象 B. 蛋白质和还原性糖蛋白质和还原性糖 1 双缩脲试剂双缩脲试剂 紫色紫色 C. 还原性糖、蛋白质、脂肪还原性糖、蛋白质、脂肪 2 苏丹Ⅲ染液苏丹Ⅲ染液 橘红色橘红色 D. 蛋白质和脂肪蛋白质和脂肪 3班氏试剂班氏试剂 颜色不变颜色不变表 1 15. 在“探究细胞外界溶液浓度与质壁分离程度的关系”实验中，采用原生质层长度（B ）与细胞长度(A)的比值（B/A ）表示质壁分离程度，表）表示质壁分离程度，表 2 是某同学对是某同学对 4 个洋葱表皮细胞个洋葱表皮细胞 A 、B 值测量后的处理结果，其中错误．．的是的是细胞 细胞Ⅰ 细胞Ⅱ 细胞Ⅲ 细胞ⅣB/A 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.7 表 2 A. 细胞Ⅰ细胞ⅠB. 细胞Ⅱ细胞ⅡC. 细胞Ⅲ细胞ⅢD. 细胞Ⅳ 6. 视网膜色素变性患者，某基因得测序结果显示，与正常人相比，患者模板链的互补碱基序列发生了改变（图序列发生了改变（图 3），据此可推断患者模板链上发生得碱基改变是，据此可推断患者模板链上发生得碱基改变是图 3 A. G→CB. U→TC. G→AD. C→T7. 病原微生物的表面抗原是疫苗制备的主要来源，下列构成病原微生物的组分中，最适用来制备疫苗的是来制备疫苗的是 A. 病毒衣壳蛋白病毒衣壳蛋白B. 病毒病毒A TP C. 病毒逆转录酶病毒逆转录酶D. 病毒 mRNA 8. 皮肤和黏膜能阻挡多种病菌和病毒入侵机体，因此这两者属于机体的皮肤和黏膜能阻挡多种病菌和病毒入侵机体，因此这两者属于机体的①特异性免疫①特异性免疫 ②先天性免疫②先天性免疫 ③非特异性免疫③非特异性免疫 ④获得性免疫④获得性免疫 A. ①③①③B. ①④①④C. ②③②③D. ②④②④9. 用“×”表示“没有”，“√”表示“有”，下列对原核细胞和真核细胞的描述正确的是用“×”表示“没有”，“√”表示“有”，下列对原核细胞和真核细胞的描述正确的是A B C D10. Turner 综合征患者的性染色体组成和正常女性的性染色体组成如图综合征患者的性染色体组成和正常女性的性染色体组成如图 4，据图判断造成Turner 综合征患者的染色体畸变类型是综合征患者的染色体畸变类型是图 4A. 染色体易位染色体易位B. 染色体数目增加染色体数目增加C. 染色体片段缺失染色体片段缺失D. 整条染色体缺失整条染色体缺失11.图 5 为人类精子形成过程示意图，Ⅰ为人类精子形成过程示意图，Ⅰ-Ⅳ表示该过程中的不同阶段。

杨浦区2017学年度第二学期高中等级考模拟质量调研高三年级 生命科学学科试卷2018.3考生注意： 1．本试卷满分l00分，考试时间60分钟。

2．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求；所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（综合题）在答题纸上；做在试卷上一律不得分。

3．答题前，考生务必在答题纸上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。

4．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。

一、选择题（本题共40分，每小题2分，只有一个正确选项）1. 糖类是维持生命活动所需能量的主要来源。

双糖水解为单糖才能氧化分解供能。

下列各种糖类中属于双糖的是A. 糖原B. 核糖C. 麦芽糖D. 葡萄糖2. 人类流感主要由甲型和乙型流感病毒引起。

流感病毒属于包膜病毒，其结构如图1所示。

其中，编号①表示的化合物是 A. RNA B. 多糖 C. 磷脂 D. 蛋白质3. 某研究小组欲测定砀山梨中所含的营养成分，下列步骤正确的是A. 研磨→切碎→过滤→检测B. 切碎→过滤→研磨→检测C. 研磨→过滤→切碎→检测D. 切碎→研磨→过滤→检测4. 图2为人体内葡萄糖氧化分解的某一途径，其中过程②进行的场所位于A. 细胞质基质B. 线粒体内膜C. 线粒体基质D. 线粒体外膜 5. 从1995年起，我国开始全面推广加碘盐，与之密切相关的激素是A. 肾上腺素B. 胰岛素C. 甲状腺素D. 肾上腺皮质激素6. 控制传染源是预防微生物传染病的重要措施，其前提是寻找传染源并对其进行隔离。

下列属于传染源的是A. 艾滋病毒B. 艾滋病毒携带者C. 艾滋病人的血液D. 带有艾滋病毒的针筒图2图1①②③葡萄糖丙酮酸二碳化合物X7. 为探究酵母呼吸作用方式，搭设如图3所示的实验装置。

1号试管内BTB 的变色情况是A. 蓝色→绿色→黄色B. 绿色→黄色→蓝色C. 蓝色→黄色→绿色D. 绿色→蓝色→黄色8. 牛痘和天花分别由牛痘病毒和天花病毒感染所致，但接种牛痘疫苗可以预防天花。

上海市杨浦区2016届高三第一学期期末“3+1”质量调研生命科学试题1.20世纪以前的生物学，从研究待点上看，主要是（）A.实验性生物学B.描述性生物学C.现代生物学D.分子生物学【答案】B【解析】试题分析：（1）从总体上看，在19世纪以前，生物学主要是研究生物的形态、结构和分类，积累了大量的事实资料。

进入19世纪以后，科学技术水准不断提高，显微镜制造更加精良，促进生物学全面的发展，并且对积累起来的事实数据做出理论的概括，在细胞学、古生物学、比较解剖学、比较胚胎学等方面都取得新的进展。

（2） 19世纪30年代，德国植物学家施莱登和动物学家施旺提出了细胞学说，指出细胞是一切动植物结构的基本单位，为研究生物的结构、生理、生殖和发育等奠定了基础。

（3）1859,英国生物学家达尔文出版了《物种起源》一书，科学的阐述了以自然选择学说为中心的生物进化的了理论，这是人类对生物界认识的伟大成就，给神创论和物种不变论以沉重的打击，在推动现代生物科学的发展方面起了巨大作用。

（4）纵观20世纪以前的生物科学发展可以看出，在这一漫长的历史岁月中，生物课科学的研究是以描述为主的，因而可以称为描述性生物学阶段。

考点：本题主要考查细胞的发现、细胞学说的建立、内容和发展相关知识，意在考查考生能理解所学知识的要点，把握知识间的内在联系的能力。

2.下面是有关某种淀粉酶E的实验，处理方式及结果见下表和右下图。

根据结果判断，下列叙述正确的是（）①E较适合在40°C的环境下作用②E较适合在60°C的环境下作用③E的适合pH值是8 ④E的适合pH值是7⑤E在作用40min后便会失去活性A.①③B.①④C.②③D.④⑤【答案】B【解析】试题分析：试管I加酶后淀粉含量不变，说明此时酶活性丧失；试管III淀粉消失的最快，因此酶活性最强，与试管I相比，试管I的60°C时淀粉酶己失活，E较适合在40°C的环境下作用；比较试管II和试管III可以看出，PH为7更适宜。

杨浦区2015学年度第一学期期末高三年级“3+1”质量调研生命科学试卷2016.1本试卷共13页。

满分150分。

考试时间为120分钟。

请在答题纸上填写学校、姓名、准考证号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。

答案全部涂、写在答題纸上，不要超过答题框，否则不得分。

一． 单选题（共60分。

每小题只有一个正确选项） 1.20世纪以前的生物学，从研究特点上看，主要是 A ．实验性生物学 B ．描述性生物学 C ．现代生物学 D. 分子生物学2. 下面是有关某种淀粉酶E 的实验，处理方式及结果见下表和右下图。

根据结果判断，下列叙述正确的是①E 较适合在40℃的环境下作用 ②E 较适合在60℃的环境下作用 ③E 的适合pH 值是8 ④E 的适合pH 值是7 ⑤E 在作用40min 后便会失去活性 A ． ①③B ．①④C ．②③D ．④⑤3.鲜牛奶中有两种物质，分子式分别为C 12H 22O 11和C 1864H 3012O 576N 468S 21，它们最可能是 A ．蔗糖和蛋白质B ．脂肪和蛋白质C ．乳糖和蛋白质D ．乳糖和核酸4.下面关于ATP 的叙述，错误．．的是 A ．合成ATP 所需的能量由高能磷酸键提供 B ．细胞质和细胞核中都有ATP 的分布C ．ATP 可以水解为1个核苷酸和2个磷酸D ．正常细胞中ATP 与ADP 的比值相对稳定 5.对光合作用的研究发现，叶绿体受光照后，类囊体腔内的pH 值明显下降，其原因是 A ．该现象与H 2O 的光解有关 B ．大量的CO 2进入叶绿体导致pH 明显下降 C ．ATP 水解产生磷酸，导致pH 明显下降 D ．NADPH 水解释放H +6. 以下有关实验的叙述，错误．．的是 A ．用碘液对水绵和颤藻染色，可见水绵细胞内有染色较深，形状固定的结构 B ．做牛蛙脊髓反射实验时，剪去蛙的头背部是为了消除脑对脊髓反射的控制 C ．叶绿体色素在纸层析过程中扩散速度最快的是胡萝卜素 D ．动物物种多样性调查常用的方法是样方法 7. 关于血压的叙述，正确的是① 收缩压和舒张压分别发生在心房的收缩期与心室的舒张期试管Ⅰ 试管Ⅱ 试管Ⅲ pH 8 8 7 温度℃ 60 40 40 淀粉酶 1mL 1mL 1mL 淀粉1mL1mL1mL②血压的调节包含神经和激素两种调节方式 ③ 副交感神经兴奋会升高血压④ 血管的管腔大小和血液粘滞度都影响血压 A ．②④B ．①③C ．②③D ．①②④8. 鸡的正常体温是41℃左右，将鸡肝片在适宜条件下研碎，制得酶液。

2017年上海市普通高中学业水平考试生命科学试卷考生注意：1、试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟。

2、本考试分设试卷和答题纸。

试卷包括两部分，第一部分全部为选择题，第二部分为综合分析题，包括填空题和简答题等题型。

3、答题前，务必在答题纸上填写姓名、报名号、考场号和座位号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。

作答必须涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。

第一部分的作答必须涂在答题纸上相应的区域，第二部分的作答必须写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置。

一、选择题（共80分，每小题2分。

每小题只有一个正确答案）1.某同学从花鸟市场买了一盆幸福树，养了一段时间后发现老叶的叶脉缺绿。

他上网查阅资料得知这是因为叶绿素合成受影响导致的，如果要解决这个问题，给幸福树施加的营养液中应富含A. Na+B. Mg2+C. Ca2+D. Cl-2.原核细胞和真核细胞都有的细胞结构是A. 核膜B. 核糖体C. 线粒体D. 内质网3.下列化合物中，与葡萄糖的元素组成完全相同的是A. 纤维素B. 蛋白质C. 核酸D. 磷脂4.安装于目镜（16X）中的测微尺在低倍物镜（10X）和高倍物镜（40X）视野中每小格代表的长度分别为6.71 μm和1.68 μm。

在高倍物镜下测量到某细胞长度为10小格，则该细胞实际长度为A. 67.1 μmB. 16.8 μmC. 0.671 μmD. 0.168 μm5.图1是烟草花叶病毒的示意图，该病毒的遗传物质是A. DNAB. RNAC. 蛋白质D. 氨基酸6.科学家在西伯利亚冻土层发现保存完好的猛犸象肌肉组织，为―复活‖猛犸象，科学家构想将其肌肉细胞的细胞核注入亚洲象的无核卵细胞中，在体外培养成胚胎后植入代孕母象，这一构想所使用的技术属于A. 诱变育种技术B. 克隆技术C. 单倍体育种技术D. 杂交育种技术7.图2为氨基酸的结构通式。

组成人体蛋白质的氨基酸有20种，这些氨基酸的差异主要体现在A. ①B. ②C. ③D. ④8.图3为细胞膜的结构模式图，图中序号与其所示化合物正确对对应的是A. ①脂肪酸B. ②蛋白质C. ③糖链D. ④磷脂9.用―×‖表示―不需要‖，―√‖表示―需要‖。

杨浦区2018 学年度第一学期高中等级考模拟质量调研高三年级生命科学学科试卷2018.12考生注意:1．本试卷满分l00 分，考试时间60 分钟。

2．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求；所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（综合题）在答题纸上；做在试卷上一律不得分。

3．答题前，考生务必在答题纸上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上.4．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的,答题时应特别注意,不能错位。

一、选择题(本题共40 分，每小题 2 分,只有一个正确选项）1．某多肽化合物水解后可得到下列三种氨基酸，下列描述正确的是A. 该多肽含三个肽键B。

甘氨酸的R 基是－COOHC。

该多肽是三肽化合物 D. 赖氨酸的R 基中含有－NH22．临床上可利用噬菌体来抑制绿脓杆菌感染, 帮助严重烧伤病人度过感染关。

这是因为噬菌体是A。

动物病毒 B. 植物病毒C。

细菌病毒 D. RNA 病毒3．过度浇水容易引起发财树烂根。

随着根在水中浸泡的时间延长，根尖细胞中逐渐累积的物质可能是A。

C3H6O3 B. CO2 和H2O C。

C2H5OH 和CO2 D。

O24．图1 是食物中部分营养物质在人体内代谢过程的示意图，下列表述正确的是A. A 是乳酸B. B 是多肽C。

②过程释放O2 D. ③为脱氨基作用5．人和高等动物的感受器可将内外刺激转换为神经信号。

下列关于感受器及其功能的表述, 正确的是A. 不同的感受器对不同感觉信息表现出高度的选择性B。

视网膜中视锥细胞获取光亮信息并转换成神经冲动C。

人耳中耳蜗、前庭是声音感受器，把声波转换成神经冲动D。

感受器的功能是将各种不同的感觉信息转换为神经冲动并产生感觉6．图2 是连接两个神经细胞的突触结构模式图，下列有关该结构的描述，正确的是A。

①属于神经元的树突B。

⑥结合神经递质导致⑤打开C。

④以协助扩散的方式进入细胞 D. ②充满组织液、淋巴、血浆等体液7．图3 表示借助于生物技术实现生殖性克隆和治疗性克隆的过程，该过程中没有涉及到的生物技术是A. 细胞核移植技术B. 干细胞技术C。