主系表结构(讲义及答案)

系表结构的句子【考向解读】中考中对系表结构的考查主要集中在：1. 掌握系表结构的句子结构和基本用法。

2. 能够运用系表结构的句子。

中考中题型和大体分值：单选（1分）写句子（1分）写作（1-2分）【重点点拨】一、知识精讲（二）简单句的分类简单句的五种基本句型1. 主语+系动词+表语【例句】He is a student.2. 主语+不及物动词【例句】We’ll work all day long.3. 主语+及物动词+宾语【例句】Henry bought a dictionary.4. 主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）【例句】My father bought me a car.5. 主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）【例句】Tom made the baby laugh.（三）系表结构的句子1.系表结构的句子用以表示人或事物的性质、状态、特征等。

所谓系表结构就是英语句子中的主要成分是主语、系动词和表语。

系表结构句子的基本构成是：主语+系动词+表语【例句】Your watch looks very nice.典例The flower _____very sweet.答案：smells思路分析：从sweet可知句意是“这朵花闻起来很香”，故填smells。

2. 句子的主要成分（1）主语主语是句子要说明的人或物，是句子的主体，一般放在句首。

主语可由以下形式构成：名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式、短语或复合结构、从句等。

【例句】Mary is an American girl. Mary是个美国女孩。

I am from England. 我来自于英国。

Feeding the birds is my hobby. 喂鸟是我的爱好。

What she said is right. 她所说的是正确的。

典例游泳对健康有好处。

good for health.答案：Swimming is思路分析：考查系表结构的句子。

主系表结构（讲义及解析）Part 1——主系表结构的分类系动词的分类：状态系动词，感官系动词，变化系动词，保持系动词。

主系表结构根据以上四个系动词也分为相应的四类。

〔七上只涉及到前两类：状态系动词和感官系动词的主系表结构〕【一】主语+状态系动词〔be〕+表语1．主语+ be+表语——含义be 动词和表语一起说明主语的状态和性质等I am a teacher．The students are in the classroom． Our classroom is big．2．主语+ be+表语——句式变换The dress is reD、否定句：The dress isn’t reD、一般疑问句：Is the dress red?肯/否定回答：Yes，it is．/ No，it isn’t．对划线部分提问：What col or is the dress?【二】主语+感官系动词+表语1．感官系动词look 看起来sound 听起来smell 闻起来taste 尝起来feel 摸起来2．感官系动词+形容词eg：That sounds gooD、It looks beautiful． The sweater feels soft．Part 2 ——例题与练习例题部分1．琳达是一个聪明的女孩。

〔翻译〕2．琳达很聪明。

〔翻译〕3．现在她 13 岁了。

〔翻译〕4．她在郑州。

〔翻译〕5．那些花儿非常漂亮。

〔翻译〕6．莉莉的钢笔在书桌上。

〔翻译〕7．约翰来自美国。

〔翻译〕8．那只猫在盒子里。

翻译：否定句：一般疑问句：否定回答：对划线部分提问：9．My name’s Sally．(改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答)10．This is my room．(改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答)11．Is this a dog?〔改为否定句〕12．My parents are very well．〔对划线部分提问〕13．—Shall we go for a picnic in the park this Saturday?—Oh，that gooD、A、feelsB、looksC、tastesD、sounds 14．—Which T-shirt do you prefer?—The red onE、It _ more comfortablE、A、tastesB、smellsC、feelsD、sounds15．—What is mum cooking in the kitchen?—Fish，I guess．How nice it !A、looksB、soundsC、tastesD、smells 16．The food here smel ls good，but it baD、A、tastesB、soundsC、touchesD、feels 17．The idea sounds very．A、badlyB、nicelyC、wellD、good 18．This music sounds．It makes me want to sleep．A、noisyB、wonderfulC、sleepyD、exciting练习部分〔Exercise〕1．这个故事很有趣。

[1]英语语法：英语六大基本句型英文六大基本句型一、主系表1、she is from America -------- where is she from ?2、The teacher is beautiful ------ how is the teahcer?3、The teacher is my mother --- who is the teacher?How are you ? ---- I am fine主系表句型结构：主语+系动词（be）+表语。

主语一般由名词（代词）构成;表语由介词短语、名词、形容词构成。

注意：一系动词be是连接主语和表语的桥梁，写出的句子不能少了be;/二明白主语和表语的词性，随着学习的深入，以后它变出不定式、动名词、分词等。

二、主谓宾1、I love you2、Farmers grow vegetables.3、Children plant trees主谓宾句型的结构：主语+谓语动词（do）+宾语。

主语一般由名词（代词）构成;宾语由名词构成注意一，动词do是连接主语和宾语的桥梁，写出的句子不能少了do二，主语和宾语的词性，随着学习的深入，以后它变出不定式、动名词、分词等。

三、主谓1、Spring comes2、The accident happened3、She apologized to me again4、The teacher listens to the music主谓句型的结构：主语+谓语动词（do）。

这个句子一般没有宾语，因为动词do是不及物动词，不能带宾语。

如果非要带宾语，要在不及物动词的后面加介词，比如第3句，第4句的apologize to, listen to.应注意：动词do是不能带宾语的，这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,常见的有：appear, apologize,arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise,等等，如果要带宾语，必须加介词，英语中的一些动词词组就是这么来的。

主系表结构Part 1——主系表结构的分类系动词的分类：状态系动词，感官系动词，变化系动词，保持系动词。

主系表结构根据以上四个系动词也分为相应的四类。

(七上只涉及到前两类：状态系动词和感官系动词的主系表结构)一、主语+状态系动词(be)+表语1．主语+ be+表语——含义be 动词和表语一起说明主语的状态和性质等I am a teacher．The students are in the classroom．Our classroom is big．2．主语+ be+表语——句式变换The dress is red．否定句：The dress isn’t red．一般疑问句： Is the dress red?肯/否定回答：Yes，it is．/No，it isn’t．对划线部分提问： What color is the dress?二、主语+感官系动词+表语1．感官系动词look 看起来 sound 听起来 smell 闻起来taste 尝起来 feel 摸起来2．感官系动词+形容词eg：That sounds good．It looks beautiful． Thesweater feels soft．Part 2 ——例题与练习例题部分1．琳达是一个聪明的女孩。

(翻译)第 1 页2．琳达很聪明。

(翻译)3．现在她 13 岁了。

(翻译)4．她在郑州。

(翻译)5．那些花儿非常漂亮。

(翻译)6．莉莉的钢笔在书桌上。

(翻译)7．约翰来自美国。

(翻译)8 ．那只猫在盒子里。

翻译：否定句：一般疑问句：否定回答：对划线部分提问：9．My name’s Sally． (改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答 ) 10． This is my room． (改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答 ) 11． Is this a dog? (改为否定句)12． My parents are very well． (对划线部分提问) 13．—Shall we go for a picnic in the park this Saturday?—Oh， that good．A． feels B． looks C． tastes D． sounds 14．—Which T-shirt do you prefer?—The red one． It _ more comfortable．A． tastes B． smells C． feels D． sounds第 2 页15．—What is mum cooking in the kitchen?—Fish， I guess． How nice it !A． looks B． sounds C． tastes D． smells 16．The food here smells good，but it bad．A． tastes B． sounds C． touches D． feels 17． The idea sounds very．A． badly B． nicely C． well D． good 18． This music sounds ． It makes me want to sleep．A． noisy B． wonderful C． sleepy D． exciting 练习部分(Exercise )1 ．这个故事很有趣。

英语句子成分“讲义”英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。

这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。

换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。

这五个基本句式如下：S十V主谓结构S十V十F主系表结构S十V十O主谓宾结构S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构说明：S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾语补足语五个基本句式详细解释如下：1．S十V句式在此句式中，V是不及物动词，又叫自动词(vi．)。

例如：He runs quickly．他跑得快。

They listened carefully．他们听得很仔细。

He suffered from cold and hunger．他挨冻受饿。

China belongs to the third world country．中国属于第三世界国家。

The gas has given out．煤气用完了。

My ink has run out．我的钢笔水用完了。

2．S十V十P句式在此句式中，V是系动词(link v．)，常见的系动词有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，become，turn等。

例如：He is older than he looks．他比看上去要老。

He seen interested in the book．他似乎对这本书感兴趣。

The story sounds interesting．这个故事听起来有趣。

The desk feels hard．书桌摸起来很硬。

The cake tastes nice．饼尝起来很香。

The flowers smell sweet and nice．花闻起来香甜。

You have grown taller than before．你长得比以前高了。

七年级上册英语主系表结构一、单选题(共10道，每道10分)1.This my pen. It is Lily’s.A.isB.isn’tC.doesD.doesn’t答案：B试题难度：三颗星知识点：主系表结构2. the dogs friendly?A.DoB.DoesC.AreD.Is答案：C试题难度：三颗星知识点：主系表结构3.—Are those your friends?—Yes, .A.those’reB.those areC.they’reD.they are答案：D试题难度：三颗星知识点：主系表结构4.What your father’s job?A.doB.doesC.isD.are答案：C试题难度：三颗星知识点：主系表结构5.I like soft and gentle music. It nice.A.tastesB.looksC.soundsD.feels答案：C试题难度：三颗星知识点：主系表结构6.Rock music may nice to young people, but most old people can’t stand it.A.hearB.soundC.lookD.listen答案：B试题难度：三颗星知识点：主系表结构7.—Do you like this soup?—Yes, it delicious.A.looksB.feelsC.tastesD.sounds答案：C试题难度：三颗星知识点：主系表结构8.—Something terrible. What goes bad in the kitchen?—The meat.A.looksB.tastesC.smellsD.feels答案：C试题难度：三颗星知识点：主系表结构9.The cloth very soft and comfortable.A.smellsB.tastesC.feelsD.sounds答案：C试题难度：三颗星知识点：主系表结构10.The music in the barbershop (理发店)sounds so that I want to leave at once.A.softB.wonderfulC.sleepyD.noisy答案：D试题难度：三颗星知识点：主系表结构。

人教版七年级英语上册讲义主系表结构（作业）1.这些不是我的英语字典。

2.Her hair is brown.(对划线部分提问)3.露西和莉莉是女学生。

翻译：否定句：一般疑问句：对划线部分提问：( )4. This kind of fruit very sweet.A.looksB. feelsC. tastesD. sounds ( )5. —Listen, the music sweet.—It's Yesterday Once More, my favorite.A. soundsB. smellsC. feelsD. tastes ( )6. Song Zuying’s voice is very sweet and her songs very beautiful.A. tasteB. soundC. smellD. feel( )7. The skirt is made of silk. It so soft, I like it.A. washesB. is washedC. is feltD. feels( )8. This kind of paper _ soft.A. feelsB. tastesC. smellsD. sounds ( )9. —You look so in this picture. You usually don’t dress like that.—Oh, I was at a party. I took it just for fun.A.seriouslyB. differentC. worryD. happily( )10. —Let’s play baseball.—That sounds . I can’t play it.A.easyB. easilyC. difficultD. friendly【参考答案】1.These aren’t my dictionaries.2.What color is her hair?3.翻译：Lucy and Lily are girl students.否定句：Lucy and Lily aren’t girl students.一般疑问句：Are Lucy and Lily girl students?对划线部分提问：What are Lucy and Lily?4—10：C A B D A B C。

2022届大一轮复习小专题训练语法系列9. 主系表结构和词序语序1. Some people eat with their eyes. They prefer to order what _______ nice.A. looksB. smellsC. feelsD. tastes2. My parents have always made me ______ about myself, even when I was twelve.A. feeling wellB. feeling goodC. feel wellD. feel good3. Tom sounds very much ____ in the job, but I'm not sure whether he can manage it.A. interestedB. interestingC. interestinglyD. interestedly4. Although all of the apples ____, none of them____ good.A. have been tasted; tasteB. have been tasted; are tastedC. have tasted; tasteD. have tasted; are tasted5. _______ delicious, the food was soon sold out.A. TastedB. Being tastedC. TastingD. To taste6. The children all looked _______at the broken model plane and looked quite____.A. sad; sadB. sadly; sadlyC. sad; sadlyD. sadly; sad7. We don’t care if a hunting dog smells ____, but we really don’t want him to smell _____.A. well; wellB. bad; badC. well; badlyD. badly; bad8. His wish to become a driver has ____true.A. turnedB. realizedC. comeD. grown9. On hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine, she _____ pale.A. gotB. changedC. wentD. appeared10. Someone who lacks staying power and perseverance is unlikely to _______a good researcher.A. makeB. turnC. getD. grow11. The discussion_____ alive when an interesting topic was brought in.A. was comingB. had comeC. has comeD. came12. Happy birthday, Alice! So you have ____ twenty-one already!A. becomeB. turnedC. grownD. passed13. Why don't you put the meat in the fridge? It will ______ fresh for several days.A. be stayedB. stayC. be stayingD. have stayed14. Emergency line operators must always _______ calm and make sure that they get all the information they need to send help.A. growB. appearC. becomeD. stay15. It remains ____ whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals.A. seenB. to be seenC. seeingD. to see16. --How is your father?--He’s fine. He’s______ to play tennis every Sunday.A. enough active stillB. enough still activeC. still active enoughD. still enough active17. We'll have to finish the job.______.A. long it takes howeverB. it takes however longC. long however it takesD. however long it takes18. This restaurant wasn't_ that other restaurant we went to.A. half as good asB. as half good asC. as good as halfD. good as half as19. Lizzie was _____ to see her friend off at the airport.A. a little more than sadB. more than a little sadC. sad more than a littleD. a little more sad than20. The child dreamed that he had once lived in a _______ house in the forest.A. wooden pretty littleB. little pretty woodenC. pretty little woodenD. wooden little pretty21. The doctor said that there was ______ with her, but she could not help worrying.A. seriously wrong nothingB. nothing serious wrongC. nothing seriously wrongD. serious nothing wrong22. You can't imagine ______ when they received those nice presents.A. how they are excitedB. how excited they wereC. how excited are theyD. they were how excited23. Mum is coming. What present for your birthday?A. you expect she has gotB. you expect has she gotC. do you expect she has gotD. do you expect has she got24. Not only ______polluted but ______crowded.A. was the city; were the streetsB. the city was; were the streetsC. was the city; the streets wereD. the city was; the streets were25. _____ who had caught him three times for stealing bikes.A. Before George stood the policemanB. Before George the policeman stoodC. The policeman stood before GeorgeD. Before the policeman stood George26. that Marci was able to set up new branches elsewhere.A. So successful her business wasB. So successful was her businessC. So her business was successfulD. So was her successful business27. Just in front of our house ________ with a history of 1,000 years.A. does a tall tree standB. stands a tall treeC. a tall tree is standingD. a tall tree stands28.--Maggie had a wonderful time at the party.--______, and so did I.A. So she hadB. So had sheC. So she didD. So did she29. ______, Carolina couldn't get the door open.A. Try as she mightB. As she might tryC. She might as tryD. Might she as try30. I really don’t know for certain____ they discussed this importa nt event very secretly.A. where was it thatB. where it was thatC. it was where thatD. where was that2022届大一轮复习小专题训练语法系列(9)答案及解析1. A。

第二讲主系表结构肯定否定回答主系表结构This is a pen.主语系动词表语I am handsome主语系动词表语He is at school.主语系动词表语表语可以由：名词，形容词，介词短语充当.我用am 你用are, is 连着他、她、它，单数名词用is, 复数名词全用are, 变疑问be前提，句尾问号莫丢弃，变否定，也容易，be后not 就可以，I am 变Are you, some变化成any，如若句中有我的, 变成你的没问题，疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑，疑问回答要简单，主语代词来代替。

学好系表肯、否、疑，努力加油别放弃！把下面的句子变成否定句和一般疑问句，并做肯定和否定回答。

1.I am a man.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.She is a good doctor.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.This is a pen._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.They are good guys___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.That is an eraser.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6.We are at school.________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 7.The dress is nice._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.The desk is big._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9.The book is on the desk.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10.It is a hot day.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________代词代词包括人称代词，物主代词，反称代词，指示代词，疑问代词，不定代词人称代词主格第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数人称代词宾格第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数排列顺序要过关，分清前后and连。

一、英语语句基本结构分析：>> 主谓宾结构：主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），动词不定式，动名词等。

主语一般在句首。

注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。

不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come.宾语：宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’，如：me，him，them等例：The boy needs a pen.主语the boy，谓语needs(need的第三人称单数形式)，宾语a pen.>> 主系表结构：主语：同‘主谓宾’结构。

联系动词（Link verb)：be动词（am,is,are,was,were,have been)；其他联系动词如：become成为，turn变成,go 变。

其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系，表语多为形容词或副词，既，不可能是宾语。

表语：说明主语的状态、性质、等。

可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词。

当联系动词不是be，而其后是名词和代词时，多表达‘转变为’之意，注意与动宾关系的区别。

感官动词多可用作联系动词：look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻例：Tom is a boy.(Tom是个男孩）/主语为Tom,系词为be动词的第三人称单数is，表语为a boy>> There be 结构：There be 表示‘存在有’。

这里的there没有实际意义，不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。

此结构后跟名词，表示‘（存在）有某事物’试比较：There is a boy there.（那儿有一个男孩。

）/前一个there无实意，后一个there为副词‘那里’。

二、定语：定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。