浙大远程作业 语言学概论离线作业 (满分)

浙江大学远程教育学院《语言学概论》课程作业姓名：学号：年级：汉语言文学学习中心：永嘉电大—————————————————————————————第三章~第五章一、名词解释1.词类：词在句法结构中所表现出的特点类型。

2.语法形式：借以表达语法意义的载体或形式，如-s是表示复数的形式。

3.语法范畴：语法意义的类型，如单数、复数构成数范畴。

4.预设：不是由断言表达的句子的背景信息。

5.蕴含：通过句子表达的句子的基本意义更上一个层次的意义。

6.歧义：同一个语言单位可以表达两种以上意义的现象。

7.记号：文字构成形体中不表音义的特殊符号，如汉字中的“工”等。

8.拼音文字：只是记录语言符号的声音成分的文字类型，如英文等。

9.他源文字：以别的文字为基础构造的文字符号系统，如日文等。

二、分析题1．以汉语中的词语“偶然”与“偶尔”为例，说明采用哪一种词类分析标准分析最好。

答：这两个词在意义和形态上难有准确而具体的区别。

只能采用功能或分布分析法判断它们的类别。

它们都能做状语。

但有以下不同：（1）偶然可以受副词“很”、“不”等修饰，偶尔不可以；（2）偶然可以做定语，偶尔不可以；（3）偶然可以做补语，偶尔不可以；结论：偶然是形容词，偶尔是副词。

2．以英语为例，说明“时”范畴的表现。

答：传统语法时态定义为“表示时间区别的动词语法范畴”，认为时态可以用来区分时间，并且它们之间存在着一种一一对应的关系，现在时表示现在时间，过去时表示过去时间。

在有“时”范畴的语言里，以说话人的说话为基点，任何动作必定处于一个相对的时间过程中，并以特定的词形表现出来，这些过程一般分为三种形式：过去，现在，将来。

以英语“to go to school”为例：He went to school.过去时He goes to school.现在时He will go to school.将来时3．请用层次分析法分析下列复杂短语，多义的请多分。

（1）她一直住在热闹非凡的南京路上答： | 主| 谓 || 偏| 正 || 述| 宾 || 偏 | 正 || 偏 |正 |（2）两个学校的老师都参加了植树活动答： | 主 | 谓 |第一： | 偏| 正 | |偏| 正 || 偏| 正 | | 述 | 宾 || 偏 |正 |第二：两个学校的老师都参加了植树活动| 主 | 谓 || 偏| 正 | |偏| 正 || 偏| 正 | | 述| 宾 || 偏 | 正 |4．设有语义场“哥哥、弟弟、姐姐、妹妹”，请提取它们的共同义素和区别义素，并通过矩阵图的形式，用“+”表示具备该义素，用“-”好表示不具备该义素，分析上述四个词的义素特征。

浙江大学远程教育学院《普通语言学》课程作业答案Answers to Exercises (1)I. Directions: Fill the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given.1. synchronic2. allophones3. derivational4. transformational5. synonyms6. perlocutionary_7. Conqueror8. speech9. utterance 10. rootII Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and give the correct version.11. T12. F.13. F.14. T15 .F. These two linguistic forms differ in sense but as a matter of fact, they refer to the same star.16. F. The meaning of a sentence is concrete and context - dependent.17. T18.T19.F It is false because linguistic forms with the same reference might differ in sense. A case in point is the two expressions "morning star" and " evening star." They refer to the same star but differ in sense.20. TIII. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration.21. Arbitrariness is one of the desi&1 features which distinguish human language from any animal system of communication. It refers to the fact that there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds. For example, different languages use different sounds to refer to the same object.22. Phonetics is the study of the phonic medium of language. It is concerned with all the speech, sounds used in all human languages.23. Bound morphemes are those that can not be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word.24. The maxim of quality, one of the four maxims under the Cooperative Principle, requires the participants not to say what they believe to be false and not to say that for which they lack adequate evidence when making conversation.25. Synchronic linguistics refers to the study of variation in language in different places _d among different groups at a given point in time.26. Diglossia usually describes a situation in which two very different varieties of language coexist in a speechcommunity, each with a distinct mange of purely social function and appropriate for certain situations.27. The Sapir - Whorf hypothesis is a theory put forward by the American anthropological linguists Sapir and Whorf which states that the way people view the world is determined wholly or partly by the structure of their native language.IV. Directions: Answer the following questions.28.Sentence meaning------refers to a sentence and is a grammatical concept, and the meaning of a sentence is often studied as the abstrac, intrinsic property of the sentence itself in terms of predication.Utterance meaning-----refers to a sentence as what people actually utter in the course of communication. It becomes an utterance and it should be considered in the situation in which it is actually uttered or used. Utterance meaning is based on sentence meaning. Sentence meaning is concrete and context-dependent and utterance meaning is abstract and de-contextualized.For example: the dog is barking; my bag is heavy.If we take it as a grammatical unit and consider it as a self-contained unit in isolation, then we are treating it as a sentence.If we take it as something a speaker utters in a certain situation with a certain purpose, then we are treating it as an utterance.Most utterances are complete sentences in terms of syntax, some utterances are not, and some cannot even be restored to complete sentences. For example, “Good morning!” “Hi!” and “Ouch!” are all utterances, which have meaning in communication. If “Good morning!” can be restored to “I wish you a good morning,” we do not know form which complete sentences “Hi!” “Ouch! "have been derived.Answers to Exercise (2)I. Directions: Fill the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given.1. Phonology'2. allophone3. Bound4. syntax5. situational6. Utterance7. sense8. idiolect9. affixes 10. MorphologyII Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the' brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and give the correct version.11. F. Modem linguistics is mostly descriptive.12. T13. T14. T15. T16. F. Pragmatics analyses utterances in close connection with their contexts of situation.17. F. All living languages change with time. A language, like Latin which is no longer spoken by the general public of a society, does not change. '18. F. In view of language as an effective means of communication, no single dialect, be it standard or nonstandard, is any more correct, any more logical, or any purer than any other dialect of the language. All dialects of a language are equally effective in expressing ideas.19. F. It is the left hemisphere that has "directed" that action.20. F. Because syntactic movement does not occur to all sentences, the D - structure and S structure of some sentences look exactly the same at different levels of representation.III. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration.21. Productivity is unique to human language. It refers to that aspect of language which makes it possible for its users to construct and interpret an infinite number of sentences, including sentences they have never heard before.22 . Voiceless in phonetics refers to the sounds produced when the vocal cords are drawn wide a part to let air go through them without causing vibration.23. Morphology is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.24. Universal Grammar or UG was a theory proposed and developed by Noam Chomsky and other generative linguists since the-early 1980's. Also known as the principle - and - parameters theory, UG is a system of linguistic knowledge which consists of some general principles and Parameters about natural languages.25. Polysemy refers to the lexical phenomenon that the same one word may have more than one meaning.26. Illocutionary act is the act of expressing the speaker's intention; it is the act performed by or resulting from saying something. For example, in the utterance " You have left the 'door wide open" , the illocutionary act performed by the speaker is to ask someone to close the door.27. A speech community is a group of people who form a community, and share the same language or a particular variety of language. A speech community can be as small as a family or as large as a nation.IV. Directions: Answer the following questions.28.Similarities: both Saussure and Chomsky make the distinction between the abstract language system and the actual use of language. Their purpose is to single out the language system for serious study.Differences: Chomsky’s competence-performance distinction is not exactly the same as , though similar to , F. de. Saussure’s langue-parole distinction. Langue is a social product, and a set of conventions for a community, while competence is deemed as a property of the mind of each individual. Saussure looks at language more from a sociological or sociolinguistics point of view than N. Chomsky since the latter deals with his issuers psychologically or psycholinguistically.Answers to Exercise (3)I. Directions: Fill the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given.1. descriptive -2. distinctive3. Morphology4. principles5. sense6. Pragmatics7. affixes8. regional9. sentence 10. hierarchicalII. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and give the correct version.11. T12. T13. F. A root is part of a word, which is not a free morpheme but a bound morpheme. It can never be used independently.14. F. Because syntactic movement does not occur to all sentences, the D - structure and Sstructure of some sentences look exactly the same at different levels of representation.15. F. "Symbol" in this context refers to the linguistic elements like words or phrases.16. T17. T18. T19. T."20. F. Major syntactic category refers to all phrasal syntactic categories such as NP, VP, and PP, and word-level syntactic categories that serve as heads of phrasal syntactic categories such as N and V.III. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration.21. Duality, one of the design features which distinguish human language from any animal system of communication, refers to the two sets of structures or the two levels of the system of language. One is a structure of meaningless sounds at the lower or basic level and the other is the units of meaning at the higher level.22. Phonology is a branch of learning concerned with the system of sounds of a particular language; it aims to discover how speech sounds in a language from patterns and how these sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic communication.23. Free morphemes are those containing only one morpheme, which are independent Units of meaning and can be used freely all by themselves.24. The X - bar theory is a widely recognized and highly abstract schema that collapses all phrase structure rules into a single format: X "-+ ( spec) X (Compl).25. Synonymy refers to the sameness or close similarity of meaning.26. The Maxim of quantity, one of the four maxims under the Cooperative Principle, requires the participants to make their conversational contribution as informative as required; do not make their contribution more informative than is required.27. Sociolects or social dialects are varieties of language used by people belonging to particular social classes.IV. Directions: Answer the following questions.28. (1) Yes, this is an ambiguous sentence. This is a structurally ambiguous sentence, which can be rewritten in two ways as follows:a. The boy saw the man. The man had a telescope.b. Using the telescope, the boy saw the man.(2) Since the sentence is an ambiguous one, which has two ways of interpretation, there are two ways of drawing constituent structure trees for it.SNP VPArt N V NPNArt NThe boy saw the man with the telescope.SNP VPArt N V NP PPArt N P NPArt NThe boy saw the man with the telescope.SNP VPArt N V NPArt N PPP NPArt NThe boy saw the man with the telescope.SNP VPArt N V NP PPArt N P NPArt NThe boy saw the man with the telescope.(3) Tree diagrams are more advantageous and informative than linear structure analysis. In addition to revealing a linear order, a constituent structure tree has a hierarchical structure that groups words into structural constituents and shows the syntactic category of each structural constituent, and consequently, can truthfully illustrate the constituent relationship among linguistic elements.Answers to Exercise ( 4 )I. Directions: Fill the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given.1. parole2. phonetics3. Compounding4. complex5. Behaviorists6. illocutionary7. lexical8. descriptive9. obstruction 10. productivityII. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of the statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and give the correct version.11. F. Language is culturally transmitted. It is passed on from one generation to the next throughteaching and learning.12. T13. F . Prefixes modify the meaning of the original word (stem), but usually do not change thepart of speech.14. F. Move a is a. general rule accounting for the syntactic behavior of any constituent movement. What Move a says is "move any constituent to any place" .15. T16. F. Some utterances like" Hi !" and "Ouch!" are not complete sentences. "Good morning" is an utterance, but it is not a sentence.17. F. The general form of the words has remained the same after the Great Vowel Shift, but the vowel sounds have changed considerably from Middle English to Modem English.18. F. Many Black Americans speak standard English in reality.19. T20. TIII. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration.21. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.22. Tow allophones of the same phoneme, such as /V and / r / and /p/ and /ph/ in English, occurring in different environments, are said to be in complementary distribution.23. Morpheme is a morphological term used to refer to the smallest meaningful component at thelowest level of a word.24. Syntax is a sub - field of linguistics that studies the sentence structure of language.25. Componential analysis defines the meaning of a lexical element in terms of semantic components or semantic features, which makes it possible to show how words are related in meaning.26. The perlocutionary act refers to the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of, or the change brought about by the utterance; it is the act performed by saying something. For example, upon hearing the utterance " You have left the door wide open," the hearer has closed the door; then the perlocutionary act is successfully perlonned.27. Historical linguistics is the sub - field of linguistics that studies language change, including the historical development of languages and the processes involved in language change.IV. Directions: Answer the following questions.28. The conceptualist view holds that there is not direct link between a linguist form and what it refers to (i. e., between language and the real world); rather, in the interpretation of meaning they are linked through the mediation of concepts in the mind.For example, the word" dog" is directly associated with a certain concept in our mind, i. e., what a "dog" is like, but it is not directly linked to that particular dog mentioned in the sentence. "The dog over there looks unfriendly," i. e., the referent in this particular case. Thus, the symbol of a word signifies "things" by virtue of the concept associated with the form of the word in the minds of the speaker of the language; and the concept looked at from this point of view is the meaning of the word.。

Unit One4. TranslationDirections: translate each of the following sentences from English to Chinese.1. All things are difficult before they are easy.凡事总是由难而易。

2. Each time history repeats itself, the price goes up.每一次历史重演，代价都会增加。

3. Even young people with little money do not want to buy cheap furniture that they may soon dislike.就连手里没多少钱年轻人也不想买便宜家具，因为对这些便宜家具很快就会厌倦。

4. Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in powerful or moving words伟大的作家不仅拥有伟大的思想，还能用有力、感人的语言表达这些思想。

5. In no other region in the world can you find such rare animals as giant pandas.像大熊猫这样的珍稀动物在世界其他地区你是找不到的。

6. Luckily, the planes appear to be quite safe.幸运的是飞机似乎是非常安全的。

7. Most of the plants like water and sunshine.大多数植物喜欢水和阳光。

8. Semiconductor chips are small in size and light in weight.半导体芯片体积小而且重量轻。

语言学概论一（导言、第一章、第二章）1.历史比较语言学之前的语言研究属于（）C 前语言学正确答案:C2.普通语言学从理论上研究（）B 人类各种语言的一般的共同规律正确答案:B3.下面几种属性，（）是语言符号的最基本属性。

A 任意性正确答案:A4.下面几个判断中，（）是不正确的。

B 人类的语言是上帝或神赐予的正确答案:B5.语音是( )。

D 上述上个方面的总和正确答案:D6.人类发音器官构成的三个部分是（）。

D .呼吸气管、喉头声带、声道正确答案:D7.发乐音时，（）。

D .声门关闭，气流从声带间挤出，使声带颤动而发音正确答案:D8.音高主要决定于（）。

B 发音体振动的频率正确答案:B9.广州话[ka:u]是“教”的意思，[kau]是“救”的意思，这种差异我们称之为（）。

C 时位正确答案:C10.[p、t…、b、k]在发音方法上的共同点是（）。

C .塞音正确答案:C11.英语“instinct”重音在前[′insti？kt]时是“本能”的意思；重音在后[ins′ti？kt]时是“充满”的意思。

这种现象在语音学上被看作（）。

B .重位不同正确答案:B12.根据词的来源特点，我们可以把词分为（）。

B 古语词、方言词、外来词正确答案:B13.白菜、小鞋（指暗中刁难人的行为）、红花（中药名）等都是（）。

A 一个词正确答案:A14.词义与客观事物的关系是（）。

A 反映与被反映的关系正确答案:A15.“老年化”这个词中（）。

C “老年”是词干正确答案:C16.下面列举的语言学家中，（）应属于现代语言学家。

A .马建忠C 乔姆斯基D 吕叔湘正确答案:ACD17.下面辅音字母中都属于浊音的是（）。

C mD lE r正确答案:CDE18.下面音节中都是C+V（辅音+元音）结构的是（）。

A seeD jiēE lay正确答案:ADE19.下列音节中的字母“e”属于同一个音位的是（）。

A jiēD xuēE yē正确答案:ADE20.下面这些词中都属于派生词的是（）。

语言学概论作业第一篇：语言学概论作业新疆广播电视大学开放教育本科汉语言文学专业语言学概论第一次作业（导言、第一章、第二章）一、名词解释（10分，每小题2分）1．语言学2．语言3．符号4．组合关系5．聚合关系二、填空（20分，每空0.5分）1．（）、（）、（）具有悠久的历史文化传统，是语言学的三大发源地。

2．（）是我国古代的书面语，用它写成的文章称为（）。

3．结构主义语言学内部又分（）、（）、（）三大学派，其中（代表人物是布龙菲尔德，其著作（语言论）是这一学派的奠基性著作。

）的4．（）语言学是在19世纪逐步发展和完善的，它是语言学走上独立发展道路的标志。

5．（）被称为现代语言学之父，他的代表性著作是《普通语言学教程》。

6．语言是人类社会的（），而且也是思维的（），这是语言的两大功能。

7．人的大脑分左右两半球，大脑的（）半球控制语言活动，右半球掌管不需要语言的感性（）。

8．汉语的“哥哥”、“弟弟”，英语用（）表示，汉语的“舅舅、姨父、姑父、叔叔、伯伯”，英语（）表示。

9．英语可以直接用数词修饰名词，汉语数词修饰名词一般要加上一个（）。

10．儿童最早的智力活动就是学习（）。

11．任何符号，都是由（）和（）两个方面构成的。

12．一个符号，如果没有（），就失去了存在的必要，如果没有（），我们就无法感知，符号也就失去了存在的物质基础。

13．语言符号是（）和（）的统一体，声音是语言符号的。

14．用什么样的语音形式代表什么样的意义，完全是由使用这种语言的社会成员（）。

15．语言符号具有（）和（）特点。

16．语言的底层是一套（），上层是符号和符号的（），可以分为若干级，第一级是（），第二级是（），第三级是（）。

17．语言系统中的所有符号，既可以同别的符号组合，又可以被别的符号替换，符号之间的这两种关系是（）和（）。

18．（）是指符号与符号相互之间在功能上的联系，（）是指符号在性质上的归类。

19．人类之所以具有语言而动物没有，是因为人类具有（）能力和（）能力。

语言学概论网上形考答案及评分提示第一次考核一、初步阅读教材及有关材料，完成下列任务1．阅读主教材《语言学纲要》，请你按照教材顺序简要介绍各章主要内容，以及你认为难以理解的内容。

（10分）2．阅读《语言学纲要学习指导书》，请你谈谈本书和主教材之间的联系，以及如何利用指导书学习本课程。

（10分）评分：本题可根据情况灵活给分。

二、网上自主学习1．上网进入中央电大电大在线语言学概论课程端，在教学辅导栏目阅读《语言学概论导学：谈谈语言学概论的教与学》一文，写出本课程的内容构成板块，按照这个板块写出学习本课程的基本线索。

同时谈谈该文介绍了哪些学习方法，哪些方法对你有效，你自己打算怎样学习本课程？（10分）2．登录中央电大电大在线浏览本课程课程端，看看设置了哪些栏目，简要谈谈观感，提出你的建议或意见。

（5分）3．熟悉中央电大语言学概论课程网上论坛：（15分）a.浏览论坛置顶的几个专题论坛，看看你喜欢哪些专题论坛？说说理由。

有哪些意见和建议请提出来，可以作为b项任务内容之一完成；（注：置顶的几个帖子目前已经设置为专题论坛）b.在中央电大语言学概论课程论坛发一条帖子，内容自定；到省级电大语言学概论课程论坛发一条帖子，内容自定；帖子发布完毕后打开帖子进行修改并发布，最后删除帖子。

本题意在练习学生网上编辑帖子的能力。

c.在课程端教学辅导栏目查看网上教学活动文件夹，看看2004年本课程举行的网上教学活动资料一共有多少种，任选一些打开阅读，了解已往活动情况。

4．随意浏览下列网站，学会通过网络搜集语言学资料的方法，重点介绍中国语文网是什么性质的网站，简要介绍一下有哪些栏目，将介绍文字贴到考核平台。

（10分）a. （中国语文网）b. /dwhy/index.htm（汉语教学网站）c．/index.asp（中国语用学研究会）d．（湘里妹子学术论坛）评分：本帖给分比较灵活，由主持老师自行把握，有些内容需要在教学班由学生操作完成，例如编辑帖子。

Unit OneTranslationDirections: translate each of the following sentences from English to Chinese.1.All things are difficult before they are easy.凡事总是由难而易。

2.Each time history repeats itself, the price goes up.每一次历史重演, 代价都会增长。

3.Even young people with little money do not want to buy cheap furniture that theymay soon dislike.就连手里没多少钱年轻人也不想买廉价家俱, 由于对这些廉价家俱很快就会厌倦。

4.Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in powerful or moving words伟大旳作家不仅拥有伟大旳思想, 还能用有力、感人旳语言体现这些思想。

5.In no other region in the world can you find such rare animals as giant pandas.像大熊猫这样旳珍稀动物在世界其他地区你是找不到旳。

6.Luckily, the planes appear to be quite safe.幸运旳是飞机似乎是非常安全旳。

7.Most of the plants like water and sunshine.大多数植物喜欢水和阳光。

8.Semiconductor chips are small in size and light in weight.半导体芯片体积小并且重量轻。

9.The evolution theory explains the differences in sleep among animals. 进化论解释动物之间旳睡眠差异。

U n i t O n e 4. TranslationDirections: translate each of the following sentences from English to Chinese.1. All things are difficult before they are easy.凡事总是由难而易。

2. Each time history repeats itself, the price goes up.每一次历史重演，代价都会增加。

3. Even young people with little money do not want to buy cheap furniture that they may soon dislike.就连手里没多少钱年轻人也不想买便宜家具，因为对这些便宜家具很快就会厌倦。

4. Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in powerful or moving words伟大的作家不仅拥有伟大的思想，还能用有力、感人的语言表达这些思想。

5. In no other region in the world can you find such rare animals as giant pandas.像大熊猫这样的珍稀动物在世界其他地区你是找不到的。

6. Luckily, the planes appear to be quite safe.幸运的是飞机似乎是非常安全的。

7. Most of the plants like water and sunshine.大多数植物喜欢水和阳光。

8. Semiconductor chips are small in size and light in weight.半导体芯片体积小而且重量轻。

U n i t O n e 4. TranslationDirections: translate each of the following sentences from English to Chinese.1. All things are difficult before they are easy.凡事总是由难而易;2. Each time history repeats itself, the price goes up.每一次历史重演,代价都会增加;3. Even young people with little money do not want to buy cheap furniture that they may soon dislike.就连手里没多少钱年轻人也不想买便宜家具,因为对这些便宜家具很快就会厌倦;4. Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in powerful or moving words伟大的作家不仅拥有伟大的思想,还能用有力、感人的语言表达这些思想;5. In no other region in the world can you find such rare animals as giant pandas.像大熊猫这样的珍稀动物在世界其他地区你是找不到的;6. Luckily, the planes appear to be quite safe.幸运的是飞机似乎是非常安全的;7. Most of the plants like water and sunshine.大多数植物喜欢水和阳光;8. Semiconductor chips are small in size and light in weight.半导体芯片体积小而且重量轻;9. The evolution theory explains the differences in sleep among animals.进化论解释动物之间的睡眠差异;10. T he library is to be closed because it needs redecorating.图书馆预定要关闭,因为它需要重新装修;position:要求在30分钟内,根据下面所给的题目和中文提纲用英语写出一篇不少于80字的作文;Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists1．校园是否应对游客开放,人们看法不同;你的观点；2．阐述你的理由；3．结论,重申观点;With the development of tourism, the campuses of many famous universities in China are open to the tourists. People have different opinions about it. Some people think that the tourists’ visit to the campus will make it harder for students to study. Worse still, it may cause some safety problems. However, others think that it can bring students and the society closer and is good for cultural exchange between people. In my opinion, several factors should be considered before opening the campuses to tourists. First, I suggest we should choose the universities with long history and beautifulcampuses. Second, the campus should only be open to tourists on weekends or during holidays.Unit Two4. Translation1. A characteristic of American culture is to respect the self-made man – the man who has made it through his own efforts.美国文化的一个特点就是尊重自我奋斗者,即通过自身努力成功的人;2. He wanted to help all the wounded people no matter which side they were fighting for.他想帮助所有受伤的人,不管他们是为了哪一方而战;3. I was so bewildered by their conflicting advice that I did not know how to act.我被他们相互矛盾的意见弄糊涂了,不知如何去做才是;4. In many factories, an assembly line is used to speed up the efficiency of the workforce.许多工厂采用装配线来提高生产效率;5. John and his brother differ in personality even if their differences in age are notsignificant.尽管约翰和他哥哥在年纪上相差不大,但他们的个性却不相同;6. Laptop computers are popular all over the world and give people easy access to the Internet.手提电脑在全世界都十分普及,为人们提供便利上网的途径;7. My doctor advised that I write down any worries, thoughts or questions before I go to bed.我的医生建议我上床睡觉前写下所有担忧、想法与问题;8. Soon it was time for my friend to take Jack for walk.过会儿,就是我的朋友带着杰克去散步的时间了;9. The greater amount of time you spent learning English, the greater progress you are likely to make.你投入英语学习的时间越多,可能取得的进步就越大;10. The more experiences we have, the more capable we are likely to be.我们经历的越多,我们的能力就会越强;5. Writing:Instructions: 建议你30分钟内,根据下面所给的题目和提示内容用英语写出一篇不少于80词的作文;Parents Are the Best Teachers1.父母是最好的老师；2.解释其中的原因；3.重申观点;Parents are the best teachers. Firstly, parents stay with children every day. Children will regard them as examples and learn from them. If the parents are polite, the children will be polite. Secondly,parents influence children with their words and behaviors. If parents always are nice to others and say good words about others, their children will also be kind to other children. If parents are good to old people, when the parents are getting older, the children will be good to them too. To sum up, from what has been discussed above we candraw the conclusion that parents are our best parents.Unit Three4. Translation1. The more you read the text, the easier you will find it to understand it.你把课文读的越透,你就会发现越容易理解它;2. The students are encouraged to take part in the national English speaking contest.鼓励学生参加全国英语演讲竞赛;3. There is a large amount of energy wasted due to friction.由于摩擦而损耗了大量的能量;4. This is indeed a most pressing problem.这的确是一个非常棘手的问题;5. Though this question is very difficult, if you keep on trying, you will find the right answer.尽管这个问题很难,但是如果你继续不断尝试,你会得到正确答案的;6. When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people, we are not merely being polite.我们赞美中国领导人和中国人民不仅仅是出于礼貌;7. These people moved from place to place.这些人四处迁徙;8. These two students from our school have been admitted to Beijing University.我们学校这两个学生已经被北京大学录取了;9. Many young people want to be volunteers for Beijing Olympic Games. 许多年轻人想做北京奥运会的志愿者;10. This custom has a long tradition.这一风俗历史悠久;5. Writing建议你在30分钟内,根据下面所给的题目和提纲用英语写出一篇不少于80词的短文;The Way to Success1. 每个人都试图在事业上获得成功；2. 获得成功的要索；3. 我坚信…Everyone tries to achieve success in his/her career. But some finally attain their aims while others fail. Why Some continue their causeto the end through long period of hard struggles, but others are easily disappointed and stop halfway.Strong will, perseverance and diligence are the three essentials of success. A man of strong will and perseverance always has an inflexible spirit. He sticks to his cause no matter how tough it might be. Life is short and we have too much to do. Without diligence no one can achieve anything.I believe that where there is a will there is a way, and that success belongs to those who can make constant efforts. Don't be afraid of life. Believe that life is worth living, and your belief will help create the fact.Unit Four4. TranslationDirections: translate each of the following sentences from English to Chinese.1 He has sympathy for all poor people.他对所有穷苦人都付有同情心;2 Talking for a long time makes me tired.长时间的谈话让我感到疲倦;3 The man-made satellite made by China is working very well.中国制造的人造卫星运行良好;4 The earthquake in Sichuan made Chinese people unite as one.四川地震使中国人民团结的像一个人似的;5 Wisdom is much more important than knowledge.智慧比知识更重要;6 We must read as much as possible to enlarge our vocabulary.我们必须尽可能的多阅读以扩大我们的词汇量;7 A friend of mine from high school is working in England now.我高中的一个朋友目前在英格兰工作;8 I've got accustomed to the weather in Shanghai.我已经适应了上海的这种天气;9 Nothing in the world moves faster than light.世界上没有什么比光的速度更快;10 It is known to all that exercises are good for health.众所周知,锻炼对健康有好处;5. Composition要求在30分钟内,根据下面所给的题目和中文提纲用英语写出一篇不少于80词的短文;Where to live1.有人喜欢住在城市；2.有人喜欢住在农村；3.我的看法;Different people have different views on country life and town life. Some people prefer to live in the country while others prefer to livein town. It is true that town life is convenient and entertaining. There are restaurants, supermarkets, shopping malls in your neighborhood. You can easily buy any stuff you need. In contract, living in the country is quite different. It serves fresh air and beautiful scenery and the most important thing is quietness.For me, I like to live in town because of the colorful life and convenience for working.Unit Five4. Translation:1．Does the computer have instructions on it计算机自身有操作说明吗2．I'll have to try using the search engines.我必须试着使用搜索引擎;3．Don't you think smoking is harmful to your health难道你不认为吸烟对你健康有害吗4．I was too excited to say a word in front of him.在他面前我太兴奋了,一句话也说不出来;5．The plan has been over fulfilled by now.目前,已经超额完成计划;6．The doctor said there was nothing wrong with his eyes医生说他的眼睛没有毛病;7．In no other country in the world can you find such plants as thisone.像这种植物在世界上的其他任何一个国家中都找不到;8．Once all the information is completed, you sign here.所有内容都填完之后,你就在这儿签名;9．It's not much different from that heavy metal music you like so much.那跟你很喜欢的重金属音乐并没有什么不同;10．This TV channel has too many commercials.这个电视频道广告太多;:建议你在30分钟内,根据下面所给的题目和提纲用英语写出一篇不少于80词的作文;Travel Arrangement选择一个你想旅游的地点,并安排旅行计划;你应包括下列内容：1.说明你想旅游的地点；2.说明你为什么选择这个地点；3.描述你的旅行计划;I like traveling very much. The holiday is coming. I would like to have a trip to Hong Kong with my family. We would like to take the plane. This will be my first visit to Hong Kong, although my aunt lives in Hong Kong for many years. We plan to stay there for 5 days. During my stay there, I would go to the famous Ocean Park and the Hong KongDisneyland. I hope I can have a good time.Unit Six4. Translation.1)I don't want to spend five dollars on a cup of water.我不想花五美元买杯水;2)I've never heard such good music in a computer game.我从没在电脑游戏中听到如此美妙的音乐;3)Because there was heavy traffic, we were ten minutes late.由于交通拥挤,我们晚了十分钟;4)She likes Mike a lot, but she doesn't want to get married soearly.她很喜欢Mike,但她不想这么早结婚;5)This is the most wonderful day of my life, because I'm here withyou now.今天是我一生中最美好的一天,因为我现在和你在一起;6)When I was young, I'd listen to the radio, waiting for my favoritesongs.年轻时的我喜欢收听广播,等待我最喜欢的歌;7)The moon looks much bigger than any other stars in the sky.月亮看起来比天空中任何其他星星都要大的多;8)Travel broadens the mind.旅行可以开阔眼界;9)People use science knowledge to understand and change nature.人们利用科学知识去了解自然,改造自然;10)A dog is always well-known as a clever and friendly animal.狗因其聪明友善而着称;position要求在30分钟内,根据下面所给的题目和中文提纲用英语写出一篇不少于80词的短文;If you are …作文内容是你未来20年的设想;介绍20年后的你;内容可适当发挥;My name is Li Hua. I have a dream about my future. After 20 years, I wish I could become a police officer. This is my ideal job from my childhood. I would grow up tall and strong with short straight hair.I would settle in Beijing, as it is my hometown. Then I would get married and have two children. During my spare time, I would go swimming and play table tennis with my friends, as these are my favorite sports. This is the life that I dream in 20 years.。

2014年浙大远程英语离线作业作文（共5篇）第一篇：2014年浙大远程英语离线作业作文1.My Favorite Sporta)你喜欢什么运动b)你如何喜欢上这项运动c)运动对你有什么好处（工作、学习和生活）2.Choosing a Job1.别人选择工作时的考虑；2.自己在选择工作时考虑的因素；3.为什么自己是这样考虑的。

3.The Computer1.计算机的用途；2.计算机给人们生活带来的变化。

4.My Family 我的家庭1.介绍家庭主要成员；2.描述令你难忘的家庭活动。

5.Which is more important, Health or Wealth?1.介绍你对健康与财富之间关系的看法；2.简述你持有以上看法的理由。

6.Which Means of Transportation do You Prefer?内容需包括以下方面：1.哪一种是你最喜欢的交通方式；2.阐述你的理由。

In all means of transport, I like the most is the bicycle.It's very cheap but also very popular.Riding a bicycle has a lot of advantages.First of all, riding a bike makes me feel independent.The bicycle I can go anywhere.Especially during rush hours, I can still move freely.Secondly, using bicycle contributes to environmental protection, because it does not emit any exhaust.In addition, riding a bicycle is a goodexercise.Riding a bicycle, is very healthy for me, I can exercise their own.In my spare time, I often ride a bike around the city or country, as is the self relaxation.I think it is really a good outdoor activities.7.My favorite means of getting information1.列举现代社会获取信息的方式2.你最喜欢的获取信息的方式8.你应邀到一位好友家吃晚饭。

最新在线作业试卷及总分值答案2021 秋浙江大学?语言学概论?在线作业及答案1.“语言迁移现象〞指的是〔〕。

A在外语学习过程中产生的母语对目口号的影响现象B将一种语言转变为另一种语言的过程C随着人口迁移而带来的语言变化现象D学习母语过程中语言水平提高或降低的过程正确答案 :A单项选择题2.语音是〔〕。

A可感知的物质外壳B人的发音器官发出的声音C能传达必然意义的、能为人们所理解的声音D上述上个方面的总和正确答案 :D单项选择题3. 以下各组词形变化的语法手段中，属于屈折的是〔〕。

A he-himB look-lookedC goose-geeseD tree-trees正确答案 :C单项选择题4. 在以下四种古老的自源文字中，到此刻仍在使用的一种是〔〕。

A古埃及文字B苏美尔文字C汉字D马雅文字正确答案 :C单项选择题5. 此刻一般认为，人学习语言的最迟临界点是在〔〕左右，就是说在这个年龄从前若是不接触语言，此后就几乎无法学习语言了。

A一岁B三岁C十二岁D十八岁正确答案 :C单项选择题6.下面几个句子中，〔〕是有歧义的。

A她明天要去学校B校长给她安排好的工作C她只吃了一碗饭D小狗累了正确答案 :B单项选择题7.[p 、t ‘、 b、k] 在发音方法上的共同点是〔〕。

A清音B不送气音C塞音D擦音正确答案 :C单项选择题8. 下面对话说显示出的会话含义是违反〔〕原那么而产生的。

问：你看，经理太太的衣服真漂亮啊。

答：今天的酒味道不错。

A质的准那么B量的准那么C关系准那么D方式准那么正确答案 :C单项选择题9.英语“instinct 〞重音在前[ ′insti ？kt] 时是“本能〞的意思；重音在后 [ins ′ti ？kt] 时是“充满〞的意思。

这种现象在语音学上被看作〔〕。

A调位不同样B重位不同样C时位不同样D重音法不同样正确答案 :B单项选择题10.词义与客观事物的关系是〔〕。

A反响与被反响的关系B表达与被表达的关系C标志与被标志的关系D纪录与被纪录的关系正确答案 :A单项选择题11. 在以下四种行为中，与文字起源直接有关的是〔〕。

浙大远程教育英语离线作业3第一篇：浙大远程教育英语离线作业3Unit Three4.Translation1.The more you read the text, the easier you will find it to understand it.你把课文读的越透，你就会发现越容易理解它。

2.The students are encouraged to take part in the national English speaking contest.鼓励学生参加全国英语演讲竞赛。

3.There is a large amount of energy wasted due to friction.由于摩擦而损耗了大量的能量。

4.This is indeed a most pressing problem.这的确是一个非常棘手的问题。

5.Though this question is very difficult, if you keep on trying, you will find the right answer.尽管这个问题很难，但是如果你继续不断尝试，你会得到正确答案的。

6.When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people, we are not merely being polite.我们赞美中国领导人和中国人民不仅仅是出于礼貌。

7.These people moved from place to place.这些人四处迁徙。

8.These two students from our school have been admitted to Beijing University.我们学校这两个学生已经被北京大学录取了。

9.Many young people want to be volunteers for Beijing Olympic Games.许多年轻人想做北京奥运会的志愿者。

浙江大学远程教育学院考查课《大学语文（C）》离线作业姓名：黄凤丹学号：712015312014 年级：2012秋学习中心：乐清学习中心—————————————————————————————心中理想的浙大——我上浙大浙大的校训是，求是，创新。

所谓求是，不仅限为埋头读书或是实验室做实验。

求是的路径，就是‘博学之、审问之、慎思之、明辨之、笃行之。

’在一年多的浙大远程教育学习生涯中，虽然未曾目睹母校容颜，未曾感受母校浓郁氛围，但我心中理想的浙大是瓶老酒，愈陈愈香，百年文脉代代相传。

学校的大门——不须那么宏伟，但要别具一格；这里的建筑，不必那么现代，也许某一角落静静地坐落着中国古代大屋顶式的文庙，也许还有一排中西合璧的“红楼”供人流连。

这里的校园应该是草如茵，松如盖，风为裳，水为佩——一草一木都蕴藏着人文内涵和历史底蕴，一砖一瓦都显现出无形的感染力和传承力，令我们沉思之际能发“思古之幽情”，昂首阔步之时又可“追今之潮流”，把时代精神和历史积淀融为一体。

我心中理想的浙大有许多大师。

有三个弟子追随其后的孔子，时刻能聆听“子曰：‘学而时习之’”；有能日夜行走在科学大道的居里夫人，猛然间又有一个新的科学发现；更有蓬乱着一头长发,竖起一双失聪的耳朵的贝多芬面对他的音乐世界，大吼一声：“要扼住命运的喉咙！”那一瞬间，为我们年轻的学子塑造了一个与坎坷搏斗的不朽的终生样板……学术泰斗，业界翘楚，或学着他们沉吟湖畔，或随着他们高声吟哦，我们执笔在前，大师指点在后；我们跌倒在地，大师扶持在即，谆谆的教诲不绝于耳，切切的嘱托心领神会。

师恩如海，我们一辈子也受用不了。

我心中理想的浙大要有“大爱”，以人为本。

打造“以人为本”的教学理念，以学生全面发展为教学的中心任务，充分发挥我们的个性，尽可能提升我们的才华。

为使我们有创意，更能有创造，这里可为我们提供一个既宽松而又不失严谨的环境；为使我们会生存，有发展，更能走向风雨世界，这里是我们学习、了解、熟悉不同文化，和最新科技的博物馆。