下载文档原格式
Module 8. Accidents一、主题：事故（Accidents）二、必背单词名词：corner拐角；街角r i sk危险；风险a t tent i on 注意力s ide（物体或形状的）侧面f r idge 冰箱pa i n 痛；疼痛medi c ine药；药物动词：appear出现；显露h i t（使）碰撞b i te咬；叮c l imb 爬；攀爬h ide躲；躲藏throw 扔；掷形容词：pa le（肤色）苍白的g l ad 高兴的；欢喜的介词：round 转到（某物的）另一边兼类词：worse adj.更糟的；更坏的adv.更糟；更严重三、常用短语1、a l l r ight身体好的2、cross the road 过马路3、change to变成4、round the corner在拐角处5、m obi le phone 手机6、in t ime 及时7、fa l l o f f…从……跌落8、the r i sk o f………的风险9、pay a t tent ion注意；留心10、s ide by s ide并排地；肩并肩地11、on the corner o f the road 在马路的拐角处12、pick up 捡起；拿起13、hurry to匆匆去（某地）14、get worse变得更糟糕15、in great pa in 处于极大的痛苦之中16、as soon as一……就……17、the next day 第二天18、on one’s way ho me 在某人回家的路上19、in hosp i ta l住院20、as usua l像往常一样21、te l l sb.to do s th.告诉某人做某事22、pro mise to do s th.许诺做某事23、take one’s adv ice接受某人的建议24、take of f起飞25、a nu mber o f许多26、make a dec i s ion做决定四、重点句型1、询问对方身体情况：--Are you all right ?2、表示遗憾或同情：That’s too bad.3、表示过去的两个动作同时发生：（1）W hi le the l i ghts were changing to red, a car s uddenly appeared round the corner.（2）W hen I was wai t ing to c ross the road,the acc i dent happened.（3）W hen the acc ident happened,I was walk ing a long the s t reet.（4）As he was l ying there in great pa in, Henry suddenly re me m bered the photo.五、模块语法过去进行时（ 2）（Las t Saturday whi le Tony was play ing in the park, I was v i s i t ing my grandparents.）M o d ule 8.Acc idents详细笔记1.I was wai t ing to cross the road.我正在等着过马路。
方位介词和指路、问路【考向解读】中考中对方位介词和指路、问路的考查主要集中在：1. 熟练掌握常用方位介词的基本用法2. 理解所学介词的一般用法3. 熟练掌握功能语言——问路和指路中考中题型和大体分值：听力 (1～2分)单选（1分）写句子（1分）写作（1分）阅读理解（1～2分）【重点点拨】一、知识精讲（一）方位介词1. 什么是介词？什么是方位介词？介词又称前置词，它不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语构成介词短语才能充当句子成分。
方位介词是介词中的一种，方位介词是用来表示两个事物之间的方位关系的介词。
它是一种常用的介词。
【例句】My books are on that table. 我的书在那张桌子上。
The cat is under my chair. 那只猫在我的椅子下。
【典例】The broom is ______the door.答案：behind思路分析：判断笤帚在门的什么位置，应该在门的后边2. 常见的方位介词。
（1）基础的方位介词方位介词意思和用法例句on 表示在某物的上面，指与某物体相接触。
The picture is on the wall. 那张图片挂在墙上。
under 表示在某物垂直的正下方，两者之间不接触The book is under the desk. 那本书在桌子下。
behind 表示在某物的后面There is a tree behind thehouse.房子后面有棵树。
in 表示在场所、地点或位置里，意为“在……之内”、“在……里面”Your pencil is in the pencil-box.你的铅笔在铅笔盒里。
In front of 表示“在……的前面”，与 behind恰好相反My brother stands in front of mymother.我弟弟站在我妈妈的前面。
near 表示在某物的附近，意为“接近，靠近”Our school is near the lake. 我们的学校位于湖畔。
第八讲汉语意合英译法（6777）一.英译技巧之一：增加虚词1.增连词2.增介词3.增关联词语二.英译技巧之二：增加实词1.增动词2.增分词3.增名词3.增代词4.增形容词三.英译技巧之三：合译1.让转句合译2.后句是解释合译3叙述合译4.把句子变为词组第八讲汉语意合英译法（6777）汉语以意合为主，意合是整体思维，以语义为主，以隐含为主，以想象为主构画出一个画面。
英语以形合为主，形合是形式逻辑，从词到句，从句到段，从段到篇，都有逻辑上的连接词语。
什么叫形合？英语句法学上叫hypotaxis，hypo在下，taxis分布，布置，hypotaxis就是把一个放在另一个下边，指从属关系，引申指一切用连词连结的关系，《英汉语言学词典》上的解释是：分句靠连词接连起来的做法。
如Will they start soon, or will the project be delayed. They won’t start soon because the project hasn’t been approved yet.什么叫意合？英语是parataxis，para在旁边，taxis安排，布置，parataxis的字面意思是把一个词放到另一词的旁边，意即没有用连词介词等。
《英汉语言学词典》上是：分句不用连词而只用位置并列的办法连接在一起的做法。
如I believe I was late. The man he saw came this morning.每种语言都有形合意合两种形式，只不过是英汉比较，英语形合多，是常态。
汉语意合多，是常态。
所以，英译汉，就是由形合变意合，或者是由显而隐。
英语：Even if you go there, there won’t be any result.直译：即使你去了，也不会有什么好结果。
意译：（你）去了也白去。
说明：西化翻译法可以接受，反过来，中国话很难译为英语。
英语：The wind was so strong that he found it difficult to keep on his feet.直译：风是如此之大，以致他发现站住脚是困难的。
第八讲代词和介词母题探究单句语法填空1．(2017·高考北京卷改编)Many people who live along the coast make a living in fishing industry.2．(2017·高考浙江卷改编)“She thought I had hurt myself(I)，”says Pahlsson.3．(2016·高考全国新课标卷Ⅰ改编)On my recent visit，I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by its(it) mother.4．(2016·高考全国新课标卷Ⅱ改编)Most of us are more focused on our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.5．(2016·高考全国新课标卷Ⅲ改编)In India，for example，most people traditionally eat with their hands.6．(2015·高考天津卷改编)The quality of education in this small school is better than that in some larger schools.7．(2015·高考浙江卷改编)How would you like it if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?8．(2015·高考陕西卷改编)To warm himself，the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the other．9．(2015·高考四川卷改编)Niki is always full of ideas，but none is useful to my knowledge.10．(2015·高考浙江卷改编)These comments came in response to specific questions often asked by local newsmen.11．(2015·高考福建卷改编)Human life is regarded as part of nature and，as such，the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.12．(2015·高考湖北卷改编)This meeting room is a non-smoking area.I would like to warn you in advance that if you smoked here you would be fined.13．(2015·高考陕西卷改编)The little pupil took his grandma by the arm and walked heracross the street.14．Sarah made it to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.15．Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him，but neither of them wants to，because they have work to do.16．This shop will be closed for repairs until further notice.17．It was a real race against time to get the project done.Luckily，we made it.18．A serious study of physics is impossible without some knowledge of mathematics.点石成金1．巧记代词选择的三个原则(1)填写it的情况：作形式主语和形式宾语一定用it；指代前面提到的同一个物体；固定搭配，如make it(成功)；(2)语境中给出两个选择的情况：二者选其一用either，二者都不选用neither，二者都选用both；(3)表示其他或另外的情况：若表示“另外一个”，即暗指除这个之外的另一个，用another；other和others均表示不确定意义，其中other可以修饰名词，而others后不能接名词，两者的关系可描述为：others＝other＋复数名词。
第八讲(系动词和方位介词用法)I.学习目标复习语法表示感觉和知觉的系动词和方位介词用法。
II. 重点、难点分析一、系动词1.定义：系动词亦称连系动词(Link Verb)，作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语(亦称补语)，构成系表结构，说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
2.说明:有些系动词又是实义动词，有词义，可单独作谓语。
如:He felt ill yesterday.他昨天病了。
(feel是系动词，后跟补足语，说明主语的情况。
)He fell off the ladder他从梯子上摔了下来。
( fell是实义动词，单独作谓语。
)(1)be 动词We are good friends. The earth is as round as a ball.(2)感官系动词 feel, smell, sound,Your idea sounds great.The flowers smell sweet and nice.The pizza made by Lucy tastes delicious. Ice always feels cold to us.(3)变化系动词: become, grow, turn, fall, get, goThe days become longer and longer in summer.Her face turned red when the teacher called her name.The child fell asleep while he doing his homework.Everything will come all right in the end.(4)表像系动词: seem, appear, look, “看起来、显得”seem/ appear+(to be ) adj/ nShe seemed (to be) an honest woman.He seemed (to be) interested in the book .He looked(看起来)angry/ sad/ happy.He appeared (to be) disappointed.(5) 持续系动词:keep, hold, remain, stay, 表示状态、情况等的继续或保持。
Lesson 8 The best and the worst 最好的和最差的【课文讲解】1、nearly和almost 意义相似，表示“几乎”、“差不多”、“差点儿”的意思。
I have nearly forgotten his name. 我差点把他的名字忘了。
I’m nearly/almost ready. 我快准备好了。
enter for 报名参加（各种竞赛，考试等活动）win（won，won）v. 赢①vi. 赢I win. I lose. (输了)②vt. 赢得……win something 后面往往是奖品,不能接对手I win the book. I win the gold cup. win a prize 赢得了一个奖win a prize for…因为……而获奖defeat [dɪ'fit]战胜,击败+对手I defeat you.4、make 和build在这里是同义词，“修建，建造”。
make 的词义比较笼统、广泛，可解释为“做、作出、制造”等，而build主要限于建筑业，指“建造，建设，盖房子，修筑（桥梁）等”Have you made the skirt by yourself?They have made a road along the river.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级比较级相当于汉语中“比……更……”这种句型，最高级则表示在某个范围“最……”的概念。
最高级在使用时前面通常要加定冠词the，并有一个短语或从句限定其范围。
1、比较级和最高级的构成：①单音节词和少数双音节词在词尾加-er，-est，以辅音加-y结尾的词变-y为-i，再加-er，-est.②以-e 结尾的词加-r，-st.③以一个辅音字母结尾的单音节词要双写最后一个字母，再加-er，-est.④三个或者是三个音节以上（多音节）,比较级的构成: more+原级;最高级的构成: the most+原级.有一些双音节词既可在单词结尾加-er，-est，也可与more/less 和most/least 连用，如narrow['næro]狭窄的，clever，common ['kɑmən]普通的;常见的，pleasant等。
(内部资料) 2018.1目录第一讲名词第二讲冠词第三讲代词第四讲数词第五讲介词第六讲形容词和副词第七讲连词第八讲情态动词第九讲非谓语动词第十讲时态第十一讲被动语态第十二讲祈使句、倒装句、反意疑问句和感叹句第十三讲宾语从句第十四讲定语从句第十五讲状语从句第十六讲主谓一致第十七讲情景交际第十八讲词义辨析附录I 重点短语概述一、概述语法是研究词形变化和句子结构的科学，研究词形变化的部分成为词法(名词的数、格，动词的时态、语态)，研究句子结构的部分称为句法(句子成分、语序，句子种类)。
二、英语词类词类英语作用在句中成分例词1名词n.表示人或物的名称主、宾、表、定、同位mother, son 2形容词adj.表示人或物的特征定、表、补、状big, small 3数词num.表示数目或顺序主、宾、nine, first 4代词pron.代替名词,数词主语宾语定语he, him, his 5动词v.表示动作或状态谓come, write 6副词adv.表示动作特征或性状特征状、表very, slowly 7冠词art.用在名词前说明其意义不做成分a, an, the8介词prep.用在名代前说明它与别的词之间的关系不做成分for, from, to 9连词conj.用来连接词与词或句与句不做成分and, but, if 10感叹词interj.表示说话时的感情或口气不做成分oh, ow三、句子成分句子中有两个最重要最基本的成分，主语和谓语。
除了主语和谓语，句子有时还有其他成分，宾语、定语、状语、表语等。
主语：一般位于句首，说明所要讲述的对象或主体，表示要说的“谁”或“什么”，一般由名词、代词或名词性的词类、短语或从句充当。
We often practise speaking English after class.Your father’s car is new.Watching English films is a good way to learn English.谓语：位于主语之后，说明主语的情况（动作或状态）---“做什么”“是什么”“怎么样”。
介词的用法总结介词（Preposition）是英语中常用的词类之一，用于连接并表达名词、代词、动词或词组之间的关系。
介词在句子中起着连接、修饰或限定的作用，对句子的结构起到重要的作用。
本文将对介词的用法进行总结和归纳，以便大家更好地理解和正确使用介词。
一、介词的基本概念和作用介词的基本概念是指一种用来连接名词、代词或者词组的词类，用来表示时间、地点、方向、原因、目的、手段、方式等关系。
介词通常放在名词、代词或者词组之前，用来修饰或限定它们，从而使整个句子更准确、更具体。
二、介词的常见用法1. 表示时间：- at: 表示具体的时间点，如at 6 o'clock（在6点钟）；- in: 表示较长的时间段，如in the morning（在早上）；- on: 表示某一天或具体的日期，如on Monday（在星期一）、on September 1st（在9月1日）。
2. 表示地点：- in: 表示在一个大范围的地点内，如in the park（在公园里）；- at: 表示在一个小范围或精确的地点，如at the cinema（在电影院）；- on: 表示在某个平面上或者与表面接触，如on the table（在桌子上）。
3. 表示方向：- to: 表示朝向某个地点或目的地，如go to school（去学校）；- from: 表示起始地点，如come from China（来自中国）；- towards: 表示朝向某个方向，如walk towards the park（走向公园）。
4. 表示原因：- because of: 表示由于某个原因，如because of the rain（因为下雨）；- due to: 表示由于某个原因，如due to the bad weather（由于天气恶劣）。
5. 表示目的：- for: 表示为了某个目的，如study for the exam（为了考试而学习）；- to: 表示某个行动的目的，如go to the park（去公园）。
CLASS: NAME: MARKS:初中英语语法练习题
第八讲介词
1. 将下列句中的直接引语改为间接引语:
1) She said, "I have to say goodbye now. "
2) "I'll come to see you next Sunday." he said to her.
3) "It may snow tonight. " she said to us.
4) "lorn was here a few minutes ago. " he told the policeman.
5) Ann said to her sister, "I'm leaving for New York tomorrow. "
6) "My brother will stay in this city for 10 days. " the girl said.
7) "I saw the film yesterday." said Paul.
8) "We must bring water and food for them today." the officer said to Tom.
2. 将下列句中的直接引语改为间接引语:.
1) She asked the boy, "Is it raining?"
2) "Is your mother a driver?" she asked Lily.
3) "Do you want me to give you a helping hand?" Bob asked me. 4) "Can I do the work here?" she asked.
5) "Did you sec my teacher two hours ago?" he asked the student.
6) Peter said to me, "Will you go with me?"
7) "Don't you want to say something for yourself?" Mom asked Tom.
3. 将下列句中的直接引语改为间接引语:
1) Little Tom asked, "What comes in without knocking every day?"
2) She asked her teacher, "When will the right eye see the left eye?"
3)"Who are the two biggest women in the world?" Billy asked.
4) "Which is the laziest mountain in America?" the boy asked his father.
5) "Where do the sick ships go to?" the boy asked the doctor.
6) "How many beautiful girls without hair are there in this town?" Paul asked.
7) "Whose brother can become a monkey?" He asked me.
8)"Why did the doctor give me this terrible-looking medicine?" Ann asked the nurse.
4. 将下列句中的直接引语改为间接引语:
1)The mother said to her sons, "Get up quickly."
2)"Don't cry." the policeman said to the little girl.
3)"Please don't eat too fast. " the doctor said to the old man.
4)"Use your head, my son!" shouted the father.
5)"Be careful not to make the same mistake again. " said the teacher to his son.
6)"Put up your hands, everybody. " I said.
7)She said to me, "Let me finish the job, please."
8)Take out your knife, man!" ordered the American officer.
5. 将下列句中的间接引语改为直接引语:
1)My father asked me where I had been.
2)The guard ordered the young man not to move.
3)He asked which two ones I liked best.
4)Mr. Smith told us he had given the note to Tom the day before.
5)The boy asked the girl it it snowed in winter in that city,
6)The boss asked the worker to do the work again. 7)She asked the teacher if there had been any mistakes in her test paper the day before.
8)He asked us what we wanted to eat that day.
9)The doctor asked me how I felt.
10)The old man told us not to forget the terrible old days.
6. 选择填空:
( )1) "What is that little thing?" "1 really don't know what ____”.
A. it is
B. is it
C. is that little thing
D. was that little thing ( )2) "What does he want?" "We don't know what____."
A. he wanted
B. he wants
C. does he want
D. did he want ( )3) "When do those shops open?" "I'm not sure when ____."
A. those shops open
B. are those shops open
C. those shops opening
D. do those shop open
( )4) "Why is he moving it?" "I want to find out why ____ too."
A. he was moving it
B. he is moving it
C. is he moving it
D. was he moving it ( )5) "Where did they meet?" "I can't be sure where ____. "
A. they met
B. they meet
C. did they meet
D. they had met ( )6) "How did you answer her?" "I don't remember how _____.”
A. I answered her
B. did I answer her
C. I had answered her
D. I answer her。
