大学英语创意阅读(三) 1-10单元译文

1待走读生好点克里斯托夫·M·贝利托你也许可以列出往宿家中，每天赫家和学校之间的大学走读生所享受的种森!} l}越之处。

_但在下面的文章中，作者试图揭示事‘清的另一面，认为走读生的生活并不如人}l !}们想像中的那般轻松。

走读生过着一种矛盾的生活，他去学校是为了能体会一种自我探}l l}索的生活，而实际上与父母在一起是绝对无法保持“我独立的。

你也许认为我们这些人住在家中、每天往返学校的日子很惬意。

不用等洗衣机，牙膏用完了橱拒里有新的，更重要的是，冰箱里塞满了食物，也不用自己付款。

不仅如此，通常还有人付电话费，即使再晚，微波炉里也还热着食物。

你会嗤之以弃—那不是大学生活，那只是永远长不大的孩子。

也许表面上看起来我们像被惯坏了的孩子，但事情远没有那么简单。

住在家里的大学生过着一种矛盾的生活。

跟你们一样，我们来到大学探索自我;自我探索和有机化学一样是我们所受教育的一部分。

然而，鉴于父母监督子女的本能不会减弱，我们要保持自我独立可就不容易了。

再者，家庭的责任也在所难免。

比方说，当父母的结婚周年纪念日正好在我们期末考试的前一天，我们该怎么办?事实上，做一个无法脱离家庭约束的学生简直与努力跟一个你不喜欢的室友相处一样困难。

我们的问题很复杂。

在一定程度上，我们是这个社会的二等公民。

由于你不得不开车回家或赶最后一班车，你很难享受俱乐部、大学生联谊会和舞会的乐趣。

同样不幸的是，你意识到你不能参加仅有一次的商法复习课，因为它结束得太晚。

但这还不是问题的关健:毕竟，每个人都可以随时在朋友的宿舍里借宿。

’真正的问题在于，我们错过了那些活动，错过了由此产生的一种友好的情嗦，这种情嗦来自于一同突击恶补工业心理学的漫漫长夜，来自于谁跟谁上了床的瞎扯闲铆，来自于关于“乔治·威尔”和“亲爱的艾比”的热门话题，以及在这之后彼此对于毕业临近的真切感受的交流。

诚然，我们走读生也可以偶尔参与这些活动，但我们跟不上大学学术生活的日夜节奏。

Heroes: Roadside Inferno英雄：路边噩梦The big rig was about to explode and the driver's legs were engulfed in flames. The Coopers came to the rescue.大卡车即将爆炸，司机双腿又被火所伤，千钧一发之时，库帕夫妇挺身相救。

By Jason Kersten作者：约翰.克斯滕Looks like a brush fire, Kim Cooper thought as she spotted an orange glow ahead on Interstate 75. It was near dusk, and she and her husband, Steve, were trucking through northern Kentucky hauling auto parts from Louisville to Detroit for a freight company. Steve, 59, was fast asleep in the truck's living quarters as Kim, 52, drove up to the scene. That's when she saw it was much worse than a brush fire.金.库珀（Kim Cooper）回忆说，当时已近黄昏，她和她的丈夫史蒂夫（Steve）开着一辆牵引货车，从肯塔基州北部的一家货运公司运送汽车零部件到路易斯维尔底特律，正行驶在75号州际公路上，前面有一个橙色发光体，看起来就像是发生了丛林火灾。

59岁的史蒂夫那时正躺在卡车的生活层熟睡着，52岁的金开着车。

她所见到的可是一场比丛林大火更为严重的事件。

"Steve, wake up!" she shouted. "There's a truck on fire!" A big rig had tumbled down an embankment, and flames were crawling across its cab. Kim yanked their truck to the side of the road, and Steve pulled on his clothes. Then he scrambled down the slope.“史蒂夫，快醒醒！”她尖叫道，“有一辆大卡车着火了！”。

Unit 1Part ASummery workPart BInterpretation1. b ) Teachers2.●Opposed Learning strategies (just before paragraph13)●Contrasting Learning styles(just before paragraph 8 )●Effective Language Learning Behaviors (just before paragraph 2 )3.Paragraph 7 and 13Developing your skillsPart APart BPart CPart Davoidant dependent participant competitive collaborative independentExtending your vocabularyPart APart BUnit 2Words to note45132Understanding the text1.c) d)2.d)3.a)4.d)5.receiving full details of imported production processes ,which they use to copy and sell the products of these processes.6.buy the expensive software sold by western companies and because software countries apply international copyright laws with unfair harshness in Asia.Developing your skillsPart AText 1Text 2Part BExtending your vocabulary Part APart BUnit 3Words to note45312Understanding the text Part AFTFTTPart B1. b)2. d)3.a)4.b)Developing your skillPart Ac bde aPart BInsert the paragraph between the present paragraphs 1 and 2Part CParagraph 3 and paragraph 4 need to be reserved.Extending your vocabularyPart Adownload programme interface email ICQ virus games ExcelPart Ba)of b) dance c) spherical d) walk e)holdExpending your creativityUnit 4Words to note58 1 6 10 4 2 7 9 11 3Understanding the textPart A1.d)2. c)Part B1. c)2.d)3.c)4. d) 5 .a)Developing your skillsPart APart BA2. but people who take dietary supplements (especially those which destroy free radical molecules )may feel more energetic .A3. extending the human life span might well lend to serious effects .A4. fighting cancer, because proteins which destroy cancer cells also cause aging.A5 .healthy food, low stress and an outdoor life style are best for long lifePart C1.●Your feelings about yourself are very important ;ninety-year-old people canfeel and act like fifty year olds if they have the right attitude to life .●Somebody might say this to cheer another person up to encourage the personto feel better about himself or herself.●The speaker probably has an optimistic (and young) feeling about life.2.●Forty isn’t “old”, it’s simply a “birth” into a new stage of life.●It might be said to some one approaching his or her forties birthday.●He or she doesn’t fear to be forty, doesn’t think forty is old, and thinks of“middle age” as being the beginning of an interesting stage of life when he or she can do new things.3.●Years aren’t important ; preserving youthful idealism is more important●In a debate about the problem of aging, for example.●Youthful ideals should be kept throughout the whole life; if you keep these ideals, you can stay long in your attitude.4.●Young people anticipate the future with the pleasure; older people reminisce about their youth.●Perhaps in a situation when someone is reflecting seriously about life.●It’s a philosophical, analytical comment about attitudes.5.●Age is not important; your attitude towards your age and life in general is crucial.●In a situation to encourage somebody to be more optimistic towards life.●The speaker is almost certainly optimistic; the suggestion is that there are many ways to be old and some of them are good.6.●Be virtuous when you are young if you want respect later in life.●Perhaps in a context where an older person wants to give friendly advice to a youngster when a younger person is wondering about the course of action.●The speaker sees a direct link between actions in youth and the consequences in later life.7.●Youngsters only have opinions; their elders know the truth through experience.●Perhaps in a social setting where people from different generations are teasing each other●The speaker almost certainly belongs to the older generation and is confident of his or her own superior knowledge.8.●The only alternative is to die ---- because you can not become young again.●As a joke or a humorous comment, perhaps after someone has said something negative about being old.●He or she certainly views aging in a positive light.9.●An old person who is loved has an extra bonus because love brightens their life; old age is like the winter of a person’s life, but winter also has its beautiful or bright aspects, like flowers.●Perhaps it would be said to an older person, to remind him or her of life’s blessing.●It’s a comment reflecting both joy and sadness; it recognizes that some old people enjoy the love of family, friends, neighbors, etc. But some are alone and lonely10.●Young people see forty as “old”, but older people see fifty as “young”.●This is perhaps more likely to be written rather than spoken ------perhaps in an essay. The author seems to have some optimism about being fifty.●It is a reference to different perspectives, different attitudes of various ages to “age”.11.●People may think that being old is a misery, but having the years of experience old people help you to live your life in a better way. An alternative interpretation is that it is not simply the old age which makes old people feel miserable. It is the accumulation of their experiences which make them miserable. The second interpretation of a rather wry joke.●Perhaps either as a joke or as a serious (but pessimistic) comment of life, almost certainly made by an older person.●It could reflect a humorous, philosophical, non-serious view; or the opposite,a mournful cry.12.●Experience (“living long”) teaches us how to live well.●Again, perhaps it is more likely to be written than spoken.●Experience over many years is seen as blessings and benefits.13.●Enjoy your youth and make the most of the opportunities which come your way; then, when you are older, you don’t have any regrets that you wasted it.●An older person -----perhaps a parent ----to a younger people; the comment shows wry humor by suggesting that the main preoccupation older people in that they lament their lost youth.●He /She sees youth as priceless and not to be wasted.14.●The general, meaning is that people change as they grow older .the specific meaning of each stage depends on how people understand the metaphors of the animals (and this varies in different cultures). A likely Spanish interpretation is : at twentypeople are concerned with their appearance ,at thirty they are brave , at forty theycarry heavy burdens ,at fifty they twist and turn and can’t be trusted , at sixty they are loyal ,at seventy they are wise ,at eighty they are nothing .●As it’s rather long, it is more likely to be part of a written paper . Now it couldbe said by anybody au any stage but probably originally it was written by an olderperson.●Perhaps it reflects a cynical attitude to the way people develop .perhapsstudents might here be asked to explain what each of the different creatures at thevarious stages of life represents in Chinese or other culture.15.●The tide “ebbs” (i.e. its strength and power is lessened) and human beings getolder and become less strong. The tide returns as strong as ever and other people are young and their tide is rising.●Spoken or read in a poem.●Perhaps said by someone who, though he /she feels sad, can rationalize and seethat there is no reason to be sad.Expanding your vocabularyFurther information●The child is the father of the manChildren grow up to become adults and what happens in childhood is vitally important because adults develop on the basis of their childhood. Just as a child inherits genetics from their parents, the stage of early childhood for an individual is the social “inheritance” of each adult -----this is the basis for the development of the rest of their life (when the childbecomes “the man”). Parents have children who grow up; however, children also grow up to become parents, who have children in their turn who also become parents …●Bad is never good until worse happens.When something bad happens it is difficult to see anything good about it .But when something even worse happens, what we thought was bad before doesn’t look so bad afterall .Of course, what is “worse” may also seem not so bad when something worse still happens! Our perceptions of what are bad or good events are relative to their events.●Everything changes except change itself.Change is in everything .Only the law that everything changes does not change. On the other hand, if everything changes this should include change itself (the nature of particular changes should change or even the very nature of change itself.) If change changes then this must include no change which would be a change from changing .If change does not change, then there is something to which the law of change does not apply ----which means that not everything changes.●All rules have exceptions, including this one.A rule is general statement .It may include everything in its scope or it may have its exceptions .The problem here is that if the rule is that “all rules have exceptions ” ,then there are exceptions to the rule that “all rules have exceptions ”: does this mean that the rule isn’t a rule or that the exception isn’t an exception or that the exception to the rule that “all rules have exceptions” means that there are no exceptions ,including the exceptions to the rulethat “all rules have exceptions ”…?● A sadist is a person who is kind to a masochist.A sadist is someone who gets pleasure from hurting or being cruel to someone else. A masochist is someone who gets pleasure from being hurt. We expect the sadist to be nasty to others, including being nasty to the masochist. But the sadist knows that the masochist wants to be hurt, so being kind to the masochist (who expects to be hurt by the sadist) is a way for the sadist to get pleasure. The problem now is that the sadist is getting pleasure by not hurting someone (which means that the sadist isn’t being a sadist .)A second problem is that the masochist may be getting pleasure by anticipating being hurt (which he enjoys and looks forward to )and may therefore be getting pleasure from the kindness of the sadist (who asthe masochist knows ,wants to hurt the masochist )because he anticipates being hurt by not being hurt yet (which means that the masochist isn’t being a masochist ).●Nothing is enough for the person to whom enough is too little .Some people are greedy .They want more than others .they want more than the amount which would satisfy others (and be enough for them ). So for the greedy person “enough”(for others) is always too little (for the greedy one ). So there is never “enough ”and “nothing is enough ”for the greedy person; this means there is no “enough ”.But the problem is that it may also mean that if greedy person has “nothing”. It is “enough” (because “nothing is enough”), in which case the person is not greedy and is, in fact, satisfied with nothing (since he has “nothing” which is “enough”).●If the rich could hire other people to die for them, the poor could make awonderful living.Everybody die at some time .Rich people may wish to keep on living because they have lots of money to enjoy their life .So if the rich people could pay poor people to die forthem ,then the rich people could keep on living for longer and keep on enjoying their life. The poor would make a living (i.e., earn money to live )by dying instead of the rich .Of course ,paying one poor person to die instead of the rich person who is dying would not be enough because death is always waiting (for everybody, rich or poor),so the rich would have to keep on paying more and more poor people to die for them -----otherwise they can only postpone death for a short time .So now ,many poor people die(paid for by the rich )but the others who are still living get rich (keeping the money which their dead poor relatives received from the rich ). But these new rich people (who were poor before) will die ----unless they pay poor people to die for them. If they do so, the poor relatives of those poor ones who die for the new rich will themselves eventually become rich and will need to pay other poor people to die for them if they wish to keep on living.Unit 5Understanding the text1.d)2.●Exercise●Diet●Self-discipline●Sleep3. a 8b 2c 7d 4e 9Developing your skillPart APart B2. couple (ws: a man and a woman)3. It (pr: the unclear family)4. contrast (c: the nuclear family)5. he or she (pr: someone) Extending your vocabularyExpanding your creativity Solving a logical problemClues and sample sentences of deduction●Aspirin was developed in 1899.This must have been one of the later inventions because I think the other developments are older.●Italians developed two items, one as long ago as 700 B.C.This must have been one of the earliest developments because it was a long time ago.●Herman dresser was German but Willem Einthoven was Dutch.They can’t have developed anything ancient because Germany and Holland didn’t exist as countries back then.●The EEC was developed four years after a German developed aspirin.----The EEC was obviously developed in 1933 because aspirin was developed in 1899 and it was 4 years after that.----Herman dresser probably developed aspirin because he was German and it was developed in Germany which would also mean he did this in 1899.●Ambroise pare was a French surgeon who worked with injured soldiers in the16th century.Pare must have developed the artificial limbs because he worked with injured soldiers 500 years ago.●We don’t know the names of whoever developed the three oldest items.The three top left boxes must be empty because the names of the developers are unknown.●Artificial limbs we developed three centuries after glasses, which in turn weredeveloped three centuries after vaccinations, but we don’t know the exact dates.Glasses must have developed in the 13th century. Therefore, vaccinations must have been developed in the 10th century.●False teeth were developed by unknown Etruscans(ancient Italians)This is obviously one of the two developments and they probably did this in 700 B.C. because the Etruscans were an ancient civilization.●Vaccinations were developed by a Chinese.The Chinese developed vaccinations in the 10th century and therefore the developer isone of the three unknowns.With your partner discuss:●----Aspirin might be the most widely used because it is available in thesupermarket; it is inexpensive and is used in many common less serious medicalconditions.-----Glasses are also very widely used .however, not all of population suffers from visual problems. Vaccinations are also widely used but require a specialist to administer them. What’s more, many vaccines only need administering once in a lifetime.-----The EEC would also be widely used in western countries where technology is readily available and heart disease more prevalent but it would be mainly used with older parties.-----False limbs might be the least frequently used as their application is very specific to amputees and those with congenital deformities .These days doctors try to avoid amputation if possible and birth defects are less frequent as well .However, they are very important in those countries where there are wars , especially where there are landmines .●Perhaps vaccinations because they prevent simple disease from becomingfatal epidemic. We tend to take them for granted.●Before the age of the printing press, there were fewer historical records andliteracy was not as common. Much information about ancient civilizations still remainsa mystery.●“necessity is the mother of invention.” The developers must have been incritical need of the medical breakthroughs. Endurance, determination, resistance to criticism and the belief in oneself are essential to discover or invent something new.Unit 6Understanding the text1. c)2. Paragraph 113. c)4. b)Developing your skillsPart A1.background2.data-gathering procedure3.the changing concept of health4.factors affecting health5.recommendations to improve young people’s healthPart BPart Cbelieve that weight-control products are safe. About 25% of respondents works out regularly but never work out. About 21% of respondents take vitamin supplement, while 15% smoke regularly or occasionally.Extending your vocabularyPart APart BExtending your creativity●Much corn, much care.If you have a lot of money, your problem often increase instead of decrease.●The best doctors are Dr. Diet, Dr Quiet and Dr Merryman.You will be happier if you have nutritious food, peace and quiet and happiness (or fun).●If you want to be happy~~~Honesty in life brings lifelong, not just temporary, happiness.Some related sayings are:●Money can’t buy happiness.●Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.●If mama ain’t happy, ain’t no body happy.●The first step to health is to know that we are sick.●No sleep, no health.● A sound mind in a sound body.●Out of sight out of mind.●All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.●An apple a day keeps the doctor away.● A sound mind in a healthy body.Unit 7Understanding the text1.Voice inflection, gestures and eye contact.2.●Putting special words in brackets followed by an exclamation mark●Capitalizing all letters of words communicating feelings3. Because in speech most meaning is communicated through body language and voice tone., but these features are not present in emails.4. Because most people prefer to keep their email addresses private.5. Because readers may form a poor impression of you if your emails are poorly organized and lacking accurate spelling, grammar and punctuation.6.↓↓↓Developing your skillsPart A1.To give warnings and advice on how to write effective emails with appropriatestyle and tone.2.The intended audience is probably university students—most of the examples given in the text are drawn from university life.3.a) Incorrect: Only paragraph 2 and paragraph 3 deal with this.b) Incorrect: There are not enough general operating instructions.c) Correct: Each paragraph contains Dos and Don’ts.Part B(2) (3) (1) (4) (6) (5)Extending your vocabularyPart APart BUnit 8Understanding the text1. c)2. b)3. a)4. Very few people put enough of their money into investments and so do not get rich. Consequently, they remain dangerously dependent on earning a salary.Developing your skills Part AExtending your vocabularyUnit 9Understanding the text Part A1. T2. F3. T4. F5. T6. F7. T8. F9. F10. TPart B1.d)2.c)3.Because the companies insist that farmers buy all their seeds from the company ensure that a crop is 100% GM, poor farmers have to pay high prices for their seeds and in cases of failure, they will have no crops and no money.Developing your skillsPart A↓↓↓Part BExtending your vocabularyPart APart B1.take2.develop3.createe5.doing6.makeUnit 10Understanding the text1.2.the introduction of the Euro has not led to an increasein prices.3.4.The introduction of the European Convention on Human Rights has already had an impact on British laws and there is now a European arrest warrant which can be used in all member countries.Developing your skillsPart A1.b)●The author uses positive emotive languageand images when describing the launchof the Euro: impressive, optimistic, happy, a great success, gone smoothly, softy falling snow.●The author highlights how quickly Europeansembraced the new currency. (paragraph 2)●The author is slightly critical towards those whothreaten the currency (criminals and the UK)●The author uses negative emotive language to describethe UK’s resistance to the euro, e.g. dampening, refuses, stubborn, illogical.●The author uses more of the text to explain theadvantages and potential as opposed to highlight problems the Euro may present.2.The author is critical and makes unfavorable comparisons between the environmental awareness of Europe and that of America and the UK.●European countries tend also to be moreenvironmentally aware than either Great Britain or the United States.●European politicians want to introduce an energy ta x…to find alternatives to coal and oil Europeans want a tax which favors renewable energy sources and reduces the use of fossil fuels.●It may be the case that mainland Europe will find itselfarguing with America and the UK on major issues in the future: the formerpromoting progressive, people-friendly policies, while the latter attempt to retainexisting means of production and social systems.Part B↓↓↓Extending your vocabularyPart APart B1.b)2.b)3.a)4.a)5.b)Unit 11Understanding the textPart APart B1.there are at least eight ways of expressing negation using prefixes..2.two different word forms may mean the same thing,e.g. flammable and inflammable.3.for priceless.4.four uses of the suffix-dous.5.form verbs from adjectives.Developing your skillsPart A【】↓【German 】↙↘【Dutch 】【】【Sino-Tibetan Family 】↓【】↙↘【Putonghua】【】Part Cluxurious elegant pleasantExtending your vocabularyPart Aexpensive effective exhaustible elegant efficient Part BExpanding your creativityUnit 12Understanding the textsPart Ac)Part BText 1Text 2Text 3Developing your skills Part APart BPart CExtending your vocabulary Part APart BUnit 13Understanding the texts Part BDeveloping your skills Part APart BExtending your vocabularyUnit 14Before you readPart APart BUnderstanding the text1. c)2. a)3. a)4. b)5. b) they encourage memorisation rather than understandingc)they offer a truer reflection of candidate’s ability than continuous assessment.↓they encourage selective coverage of the syllabus.6.They also provide a standardised method for assessing learning. While it has been argued that examinations encourage memorisation rather than understanding on the part of students and selective conerage of the syllabus by teachers, they do offer a more accurate idea of a person’s ability than continuous assessment by coursework.Developing your skillsExtending your vocabulary1. ( ) ( ) ( b ) ( a ) ( b )( a ) ( b ) ( b ) ( a ) ( b )2.suggest report argue claimstate point out indicate Expanding your creativityUnit 15Understanding the textPart APart B1. a new computer operating system called Linus.2.because he allows anyone to use the system free.3.Linus Pauling, the famous American chemist and double Nobel Prize winner.4.he could not afford a personal version of the popular Unix system.5.the ideas become worthless.Developing your skillsPart APart B1.b)2. a)3.b)4. a)5.a)Extending your vocabularyPart APart Binstalling systems hardware software compatible computers programmes simulations modelspart Cemotion: guilt doubtvirtue: honesty opennessUnit 16Before you readPart AUnderstanding the text1.c)2.a) before paragraph 1b) before paragraph 2c) before paragraph 10d) before paragraph 133. b)＝The Pentathlon combined the five events of jumping, running, javelin, discus and wrestling .c)＝The main qualities for success in the Pentathlon were speed,strength,skills and endurance.d)＝Ancient champions received rewards such as living free in a special hall and exemption from paying taxes for an Olympiad.e)＝Although the first modern Games were open to all, the majority of athletes were Greek.Extending your vocabularyPart APart BUnit 17Understanding the text2.b)3.d)4.Developing your skillsExtending your vocabularyPart APart Bstroll walkrun jog stumblestagger hobble Part CExpanding your creativityUnit 18 Understanding the text Part APart BDeveloping your skillsPart APart BExtending your vocabularyExpanding your creativity●It is better to fail in something that you are doing than to give up and spoil all your changes of ever finding out the answer or the truth to something.●It is thought by some that advancement is not always good because with progress advancement we will meet with even more problems that we have never thought of before.●This means that there is nothing wrong with the actual process is trying to achieve something, but we must know when to stop and assimilate what we have achieved.●When we look at all the high technology that is possible now, it feels like it isunreal and impossible to be true in the first place.●This means that the study of science is looking at things that do not work or are not of any use.●This means that the machine is not really our friend because it will stifle our desire to create and achieve greater heihgts.●It means that if we do not use whatever knowledge we have then it will be useless and go out of date very soon.Unit 19Before you readUnderstanding the textPart A1.c)2. d)3. b)4. c)5. b)6. a)Part BPart C1.audience and feedback.2.feedback either does not occur or is delayed for a long time.3.writers need to make sure that their writing is clear and understandable.4.it is a form of writing but has the informality of speech.5.we can’t argue that one is superior to the other.Developing your skillsPart Abefore individual instruction developed literate tangible transmitted vague facilitatespart Binterpret the global distribution of Coca Cola as evidence of the world economic dominacne of the United States of America. The historian’s approach, however, would be clearer and involve researching and writing about the development of the company which manufactrues the drink.Extending your vocabularyPart APart BUnit 20Understanding the textPart A1.a)2.c)3.d)Part BDeveloping your skills Part APart BPart C。

The graduation advice I never got but wish I had 全国的大学毕业生们都为春天令人最难以忍受的仪式做好准备：毕业典礼致辞。

大家都知道这个程序，一个小有名气的人会趾高气昂地走上主席台，滔滔不绝地讲些陈词滥调：“世界正在等待着……你们是特别的一代……去拯救这个星球吧”等等等等废话。

一个好机会被白白地浪费了。

如果这些毕业典礼的演讲者能够讲一些实际有用的东西该有多好！就像这样说：毕业生们，大家好，祝贺你们。

今天你们将离开培育你们的学术环境，直面真实的世界。

在未来的好几年里每个月你都会想起你的学校，比如当你接到一个又一个的来电，希望你为校友基金捐款时，甚至当你开出大额的支票去偿还助学贷款时。

但是我们来看看光明的一面。

你们即将离开学校，终于可以开始接受教育了。

为了帮助你开始毕业后生活，这里有一些建议：花时间与跟你不一样的人在一起。

从你进校的第一天起，你就听到了太多关于学校为创建“多样性”所付出的努力。

所以当你发现你的校园几乎是全美国最隔离的环境之一时你很能会惊讶不已。

校园里不同种族的人有不同的学习方向，参加不同的毕业典礼上，甚至在餐厅不同的区域用餐。

你有可能会被有些教授华丽的辞藻弄糊涂。

那些教授一边会说种族之间根本没有差别，同时又说，应该不惜一切保留种族之间的差别。

面对事实吧。

真正的多样性简直是无处可寻。

而且我并不只是指种族方面。

当课堂活动都是按照群体思维设计的练习时，哪里还有思维上的多样性呢？想找到一位保守的教授，那比要找到一个雪人还难。

若想挑战一些有关政治正确性的正统观点，那你将会被冠以一些难听的名号。

只有现在从大学毕业之后，你才能真正从多样性中获益。

先从了解与你肤色不同的人开始。

接触一群与你持有不同的政治立场的朋友，恭敬地听他们阐述他们的观点。

随后去认识从事其他职业的人。

往往人们在选择某一个职业之后，专业性会加强但是却不再关心其他方面的知识，因此知识面会变窄。

大英三创意阅读课文翻译UNIT ONE好的语言学习者要成为一名好的语言学习者需要多方面的因素。

这里说的“好的”并非指品行端正或彬彬有礼。

而是指“效率高”和“有效果”。

长期以来．语言学习方面自勺专家都认为教授语言的教师可以通过观察和分析好的语言学习者如何学习而得到许多收获。

教师们则认为如果他们能够将使一位好的语言学习者学习效率高的行为表现归纳出来，那么他们就能够将其告知那些不太成功的语言学习者?从而改进他们的学习。

那么。

好的语言学习者和一般的或者比较差的语言学习者在行为表现上有什么不同呢?顺便说一下。

你也许会觉得我们将要进行的讨论不仅可以用来区分好的和差的语言学习者。

而且也可以用来区分其他任何专业或技能的好学生与差学生。

首先，最值得注意的一个重要表现是好的语言学习者都具有创新精神，他们爱拿语言做实验。

他们的态度似乎是“我要试一试，看这种方法是否奏效，如果不行——也没关系——我总是可以重新试一试的”。

好的语言学习者试着把他们在课堂上学到的语言“碎片”(结构和一些词汇)融合在一起。

好的语言学习者对他们所学的语言和他们自己都显示出一种开放而且宽容的态度。

这样的学习者也乐于冒险。

如果要求他们在同学们面前讲新学的语言，他们会尽最大的努力去控制紧张情绪。

如果老师用了生词和新句型。

他们就会试着将以前所学的语言和这些新的内容联系起来。

换句话说，好的语言学习者能够在不太确定的条件下学习。

另一点和好的语言学习者的创造性和冒险精神息息相关的是他们能够意识到哪种具体的学习方法和技巧对自己行之有效。

例如，一些学习者喜欢用押韵和词语联想等技巧来记住所学内容，而另一些人则使用词汇笔记或写日记的办法．这些并不是老师要求他们做的，而是他们自己发现这些是行之有效的学习方法。

许多学习者讨厌犯错误。

他们觉得难堪，而且经常认为他们永远也学不会正确地使用这门语言。

好的语言学习者则不同。

他们不会因为犯错误而沮丧，相反地，他们会利用错误。

在学语言，甚至任何技术的过程中，犯错是很自然的，好的学习者将犯错视为学习过程中一个建设性的部分。

蛙的故事最近发生了几桩怪事儿。

我在北威斯康星州的树林中有一座小木屋。

是我亲手搭建的，前面还有一间花房。

住在里面相当惬意。

实际上我是在户外做音频制作和环境方面的工作——作为干这一行的工具，我还装备了一间带电脑的工作室。

还有一只树蛙也在我的工作室中住了下来。

去年十一月，我第一次惊讶地发现他（只是这样称呼罢了，事实上我并不知道该称“他”还是“她”）坐在电脑的音箱上。

我把他放到花房里去，认为他待在那儿会更舒服一些。

可他又跑回来待在原地。

很快我就习惯了有他做伴，清晨我上网查收邮件和阅读新闻的时候，他也在一旁关注这个世界。

可上周，我突然对这个爬上爬下的“小绿人或小灰人”产生了好奇心。

于是有一天，我正在工作室里干活，电脑嗡嗡作响。

当树蛙从我面前爬过时，我不得不停止工作。

他停下了并转过身来，坐在那儿看着我。

好吧，我也干脆停下来望着他。

五个月了，他一直这样陪着我。

我突然有一股强烈的欲望想了解他：为什么他要待在这儿而不乐意待在花房里？我认为对树蛙来说，花房显然要舒适得多。

“你为什么待在这儿？”我情不自禁地问他。

我目不转睛地盯着他，他也直视着我。

然后我听到一种叮咚声。

这种声音似乎一下子就进入了我的大脑中枢，因为它和电脑里发出来的声音十分接近。

在那个声音里我听到树蛙对我“说”：“因为我想让你明白”。

唷，太不可思议了。

“明白什么？”我脑海中突然跳出了这个问题。

然后经过短暂的体验这种交流之后，我觉得我已经理解了树蛙待在这儿的原因。

我开始理解树蛙只是想听到其他同类的叫声并与之交流。

或许他误以为计算机发出的声音就是其他树蛙在呼唤他。

真是有趣。

我继续工作。

我正在写一个关于全球气候变化的故事。

有个朋友刚好发过来一份传真，说地球的温度正以每十年1.9度的速度上升。

我知道，照这种速度下去，每年春天我都爱去提取树浆的这片枫林，到我孩子的那一代就将不复存在。

我的故乡美丽的威斯康星州也会在下一代变成一片草原。

此刻，树蛙从我脚背跳过去站在电脑前的地板上。

UNIT ONE 好的语言学习者要成为一名好的语言学习者需要多方面的因素。

这里说的“好的”并非指品行端正或彬彬有礼。

而是指“效率高”和“有效果”。

长期以来．语言学习方面自勺专家都认为教授语言的教师可以通过观察和分析好的语言学习者如何学习而得到许多收获。

教师们则认为如果他们能够将使一位好的语言学习者学习效率高的行为表现归纳出来，那么他们就能够将其告知那些不太成功的语言学习者?从而改进他们的学习。

那么。

好的语言学习者和一般的或者比较差的语言学习者在行为表现上有什么不同呢?顺便说一下。

你也许会觉得我们将要进行的讨论不仅可以用来区分好的和差的语言学习者。

而且也可以用来区分其他任何专业或技能的好学生与差学生。

首先，最值得注意的一个重要表现是好的语言学习者都具有创新精神，他们爱拿语言做实验。

他们的态度似乎是“我要试一试，看这种方法是否奏效，如果不行——也没关系——我总是可以重新试一试的”。

好的语言学习者试着把他们在课堂上学到的语言“碎片”(结构和一些词汇)融合在一起。

好的语言学习者对他们所学的语言和他们自己都显示出一种开放而且宽容的态度。

这样的学习者也乐于冒险。

如果要求他们在同学们面前讲新学的语言，他们会尽最大的努力去控制紧张情绪。

如果老师用了生词和新句型。

他们就会试着将以前所学的语言和这些新的内容联系起来。

换句话说，好的语言学习者能够在不太确定的条件下学习。

另一点和好的语言学习者的创造性和冒险精神息息相关的是他们能够意识到哪种具体的学习方法和技巧对自己行之有效。

例如，一些学习者喜欢用押韵和词语联想等技巧来记住所学内容，而另一些人则使用词汇笔记或写日记的办法．这些并不是老师要求他们做的，而是他们自己发现这些是行之有效的学习方法。

许多学习者讨厌犯错误。

他们觉得难堪，而且经常认为他们永远也学不会正确地使用这门语言。

好的语言学习者则不同。

他们不会因为犯错误而沮丧，相反地，他们会利用错误。

在学语言，甚至任何技术的过程中，犯错是很自然的，好的学习者将犯错视为学习过程中一个建设性的部分。

Unit 1-1Catching crabs1 In the fall of our final year, our mood changed. The relaxed atmosphere of the preceding summer semester, the impromptu ball games, the boating on the Charles River, the late-night parties had disappeared, and we all started to get our heads down, studying late, and attendance at classes rose steeply again. We all sensed we were coming to the end of our stay here, that we would never get a chance like this again, and we became determined not to waste it. Most important of course were the final exams in April and May in the following year. No one wanted the humiliation of finishing last in class, so the peer group pressure to work hard was strong. Libraries which were once empty after five o'clock in the afternoon were standing room only until the early hours of the morning, and guys wore the bags under their eyes and their pale, sleepy faces with pride, like medals proving their diligence.2 But there was something else. At the back of everyone's mind was what we would do next, when we left university in a few months' time. It wasn't always the high flyers with the top grades who knew what they were going to do. Quite often it was the quieter, less impressive students who had the next stages of their life mapped out. One had landed a job in his brother's advertising firm in Madison Avenue, another had got a script under provisional acceptance in Hollywood. The most ambitious student among us was going to work as a party activist at a local level. We all saw him ending up in the Senate or in Congress one day. But most people were either looking to continue their studies, or to make a living with a white-collar job in a bank, local government, or anything which would pay them enough to have a comfortable time in their early twenties, and then settle down with a family, a mortgage and some hope of promotion.3 I went home at Thanksgiving, and inevitably, my brothers and sisters kept asking me what I was planning to do. I didn't know what to say. Actually, I did know what to say, but I thought they'd probably criticize me, so I told them what everyone else was thinking of doing.4 My father was watching me but saying nothing. Late in the evening, he invited me to his study. We sat down and he poured 抓螃蟹1.大学最后一年的秋天，我们的心情变了。

2 The American Man (1)4 The Civil Rights Movement: What Good Was It? (2)15 The Valentine Vogue (4)11.superhumans (5)17 Mr. Andrews (7)18 A Find (9)7 It’s time to ban handguns (11)24 Man of Wisdom (13)5 The Middle-Class Black's Burden (14)9 The Killion (16)2 The American Man我们不厌其烦地谈论“美国男人”，似乎他们身上存在着某种几十年或者十年恒常不变的品质。

当今的美国男人不再是1630年来到新英格兰的快乐的农民了。

他们不再是老脑筋，他们不再以内向的性格为荣，他们不会坐在没有取暖设备的教堂里连做三遍祷告。

在南方，富裕的受母亲制约的种植园主也发展壮大了，但这两种“美国男人”都不像之后东北部发达起来的贪婪的铁路承包商。

而不计后果、为所欲为的西部文明移民也不像他们。

即使在我们自己的年代，公认的模范也发生了戏剧性的变化。

举个例子说，在20世纪50年代，这样一种美国人越来越凸显出来，成为大多数人认可的模范。

这就是50年代的男人。

上班起早贪黑，干活尽职尽责，养家糊口，遵规守纪。

里根就是这类人的典型——固执而坚忍不拔。

这类人弄不懂女人的心，却颇为赏识女人的身体；他们的文化观和文化观的美国部分幼稚而乐观。

他们大都有坚忍不拔、信心十足的品质，但在他们魅力十足、虚张声势的外表下，还有另外的三个特征：孤立、清贫、被动。

他们需要通过自己的敌人来证明自己还活着。

50年代的男人喜欢橄榄球，好斗，他们维护美国，从不流泪，只是默默奉献。

但在这些男人的身上，善于接纳和对人友善的品质消失了。

他们的个性缺乏洋溢感。

他们还缺乏同情心，正是这点怂恿了他们对越战的狂热；就像后来的里根，他的头脑中缺乏那种我们称之为“和平之心”的东西，这使得他对萨尔瓦多那些手无寸铁的人，对这里的老人、失业者、上学的孩子，乃至对穷人都铁石心肠、残暴野蛮。

大学英语Book3 Unit1~Unit10翻译答案Unit1 翻译1) 发言人（spokesman）明确表示总统在任何情况下都不会取消（cancel）这次旅行。

The spokesman made it clear that the President would not cancelthe trip under any circumstances.2) 杰克对书架上那些书一本也不了解，所以他的选择是很随意的。

Jack didn't know anything about any of the books on thebookshelf, so his choice was quite arbitrary.3) 随后发生的那些事件再次证明了我的猜疑（suspicions）是对的。

(confirm)The subsequent events confirmed my suspicions once again.4) 我认为我们应该鼓励中学生在暑假找临时工作。

I think we should encourage high school students to findtemporary jobs / employment during their summer holidays.5) 令我们吃惊的是，这位常被赞为十分正直的州长（governor）竟然是个贪官（corrupt official）。

To our surprise, the governor who had often been praised for hishonesty turned out to be a corrupt official.6) 少数工人得到提升（be promoted），与此同时却有数百名工人被解雇。

A few workers were promoted, but meanwhile hundreds of workerswere dismissed.7) 如果有机会，约翰也许已成为一位杰出的画家了。