2012年牛津英语高二上册寒假作业(有答案)

高二年级英语寒假作业综合训练及答案练习一阅读A篇（一）1.This passage is most probably taken from the writer’s________.A.research.B.diary.C.novel.D.school paper.2.What does the underlined word “haste” in the passage mean?A.Excitement.B.Hope.C.Hurry.D.Disappointment.3.According to the passage, why could the writer and her friends stay out as long as they wanted?A.Because they were leaving the next day.B.Because they had nothing to do at home.C.Because the stores were open until midnight.D.Because it didn’t get dark until about 11:00 pm.（二）The National GalleryDescription:The National Gallery is the British national art museum built on the north side of Trafalgar Square in London. It houses a diverse collection of more than 2,300 examples of European art ranging from 13th century religious paintings to more modern ones by Renoir and Van Gogh. The older collections of the gallery are reached through the main entrance while the more modern works in the East Wing are most easily reached from Trafalgar Square by a ground floor entrance. Layout:The modern Sainsbury Wing on the western side of the building houses 13th to 15th century paintings, and artists include Duccio, Uccello, Van Eyck, Lippi, Mantegna, Botticelli and Memling.The main West Wing houses 16th century paintings, and artists include Leonardo da Vinci, Cranach, Michelangelo, Raphael, Bruegel, Bronzino, Titan and Veronese.The North Wing houses 17th century paintings, and artists include Caravaggio, Rubens, Poussin, Van Dyck, Velazquez, Claude and Vermeer.The East Wing houses 18th to early 20th century paintings, and artists include Canaletto, Goya, Turner, Constable, Renoir and Van Gogh.Opening Hours:The Gallery is open every day from 10 am to 6 pm (Fridays 10 am to 9 pm) and is free, but charges apply to some special exhibitions.Getting There:Nearest underground stations: Charing Cross (2-minute walk), Leicester Square (3-minute walk), Embankment (7-minute walk), and Piccadilly Circus (8-minute walk).1. Where is the National Gallery?A. On the north side of Trafalgar Square in London.B. On the south side of Trafalgar Square in London.C. On the west side of Trafalgar Square in London.D. On the east side of Trafalgar Square in London.2. In which century’s collection can you see religious paintings?A. The 13th.B. The 17th.C. The 18th.D. The 20th.3. Where are Leonardo da Vinci’s works shown?A．In the East Wing. B．In the main West Wing.C．In the Sainsbury Wing. D．In the North Wing.4. Which underground station is closest to the National Gallery?A. Piccadilly CircusB. Leicester SquareC. EmbankmentD. Charing Cross练习二阅读B篇（一）The word “invent” comes from a Latin word which means “to find.” Garrett Morgan, an African-American, was one such inventor. His first job was repairing machines in a factory. Byaccident, he had invented the hair straightener. He sold his products and then continued with his career as an inventor.Every day, Garrett Morgan watched traffic become more dangerous. Cars, bicycles and walkers all competed to cross the street. Police officers made simple “stop / go” signals at busy crossroads, but cars, bicycles and walkers still rushed into the crossroads at different speeds and many crashed into each other. One day he saw a traffic accident between a car and a bicycle at a busy crossroads. He realized ,the problem with the traffic light, was its poor design: the traffic signal lacked a transition (过渡) between “stop” and “go.”Morgan invented a new traffic signal that added a “caution” light that made traffic move more smoothly and safely. His traffic light stood on a T-shaped pole (杆) with arms that flashed a red light to stop traffic in all directions, allowing walkers to cross safely. After walkers crossed, traffic could only go in one direction.Soon, cities everywhere wanted his traffic light. In 1923, a popular electric company paid Morgan $40,000 to make and sell his invention. Traffic lights today work in the same basic way.The traffic light is Morgan’s most famous invention. In 1963, the United States government gave Garrett Morgan an award for his life-saving idea.1. What can we learn about Garrett Morgan from Paragraph 1?A. He worked in a factory all his life.B. He led a hard life in his early years.C. He made money from hair straighteners.D. He dreamed of being an inventor when he was a child.2. What made Morgan invent the traffic light?A. A traffic accident.B. A car driver’s advice.C. Worry about his safety.D. Hard work of police officers.3. According to the text, Garrett Morgan’s traffic light _____.A. made cars move more slowlyB. needed no help from police officersC. was special because it had a “caution” lightD. was very different from the ones we use today（二）Today, after 10 days of medical treatment, for the first time, I went out alone to meet a motherly lady who I had met during my stay in a program. She had been unwell recently and lived alone. Her sons live in foreign countries.After I called her and told about my plan to visit her, she started becoming excited and planning food at once. Nowadays, she has a lady cook coming by to help her but she does part of the work herself with her bandaged (绷带) leg.I reached her home alone after being guided a couple of times by her before. I carried little things (snacks, books etc.) for her. She had been waiting for some time when I arrived. We talked about different things from health to her life and mine, from past to future, from food to travel etc. During the discussion, her care for me became clear when she made warm suggestions or supported me.During the last few months, she had struggled with health and housework. She had got over those difficulties and here she was telling me how all of us must face some problems. She hadseen a few people facing worse problems in the hospital and mentioned about their cases and was grateful for her present condition which was manageable.She wanted to gift me something—she kept thinking of a dress, watch, footwear etc. whatever was new and great in her home. I kept refusing but finally took the footwear out of politeness.She loved the snacks I had brought and wanted to eat them with her tea, I was quite happy to see the childlike interest.While I was spending time with my motherly friend, the following thought kept coming back to me—probably this is why I have lived through the 10 days in this city. The time I spent with her seemed so much needed. I felt the deep peace it could bring to me and that brought such a big joy!1. How did the elderly lady feel when she heard the author’s visit?A. Shocked.B. Pleased.C. NervousD. Embarrassed.2. What can we learn about the lady from her talks with the author?A. She was considerate and very healthy.B. She wished the author lo live with her.C. She showed much concern to her bandaged leg.D. She was grateful compared with those less fortunate.3. Why did the author accept the lady’s g ift?A. It is impolite to turn down the warm-hearted offer.B. She happened to need such shoes to wear.C. It would be a waste to keep shoes unused.D. She wanted to exchange gifts with her.4. How did the time spent with the lady benefit the author?A. It enabled the author to live in the city so long.B. It gave the author a lot of advice on a better life.C. It helped the author to keep a peaceful mind.D. It helped the author stay away from loneliness in life.练习三完形填空（一）Once there was a painter who had just completed his course under the guide of a great painter. This young artist decided to 1 his skills. He spent three days and 2 the beautiful scenery.Suddenly an idea 3 in his mind and he decided to display it on a busy 4 . And below his painting, a board 5 , “Gentlemen, I have painted this piece. 6 I'm new to this profession, I might have committed some 7 . Please put a cross 8 you see it.”While he came back in the evening to 9 his painting，he saw the whole canvass(帆布) was filled with crosses.Disheartened and broken 10 , he ran to his master’s , and told him about what happened and showed his creation which was filled with 11 everywhere.This young artist cried, “ I'm 12 and if this is what I have learnt to paint, I’m not worth becoming a painter. People have 13 me completely.”Master smiled and suggested, “ I will 14 that you are a great artist. ” The young man couldn’t believe it and said, “ I have lost 15 in me.”“Do as I say. It will 16 , ” Master interrupted him. “ Just paint a(n)17 similar painting once again for me and give it to me, ” Master 18Two days later he presented a replica（复制品）of his earlier painting to his master. Master took that happily. “ Come with me, ” Master said.They reached the same street early in the morning and displayed the same painting exactly at the same place. Now Master took out another 19 with the words “Gentlemen, I ha ve painted this piece. Since I’m new, I might have made some mistakes. I have put a box with colors and brushes below. Please do me a favor. If you see a mistake, kindly pick up the brush and correct it. ” They then walked home.They both visited the place several days later. Young painter was 20 to see that actually there was not a single correction done so far.1. A. assess B. show C. practice D. improve2. A. shot B. painted C. discovered D. protected3. A. floated B. hanged C. occupied D. flashed4. A. shop B. school C. room D. street5. A. read B. warned C. declared D. reported6. A. If B. Since C. When D.Until7. A. comments B. changes C. mistakes D. questions8. A. whichever B. whenever C. whatever D. wherever9. A. sell B. collect C. watch D. enjoy10. A. regularly B. clearly C. completely D. simply11. A. crosses B. facts C. words D. noises12. A. nervous B. unusual C. useless D. careless13. A. liked B. ignored C. protested D. rejected14. A. prove B. expect C. suggest D. inform15. A. interest B. faith C. pleasure D. trouble16. A. finish B. continue C. work D. explain17. A. hopefully B. exactly C. hardly D. namely18. A. joked B. argued C. instructed D. agreed19. A. board B. picture C. photo D. view20. A. worried B. moved C. inspired D. surprised（二）Paen Long has had a dream ever since he saw a plane for the first time at the age of six. His dream was to 1 a plane. Last year, the 30-year-old man started building his plane 2 . “I was afraid that people would 3 me, so sometimes I worked at night,” he said. It was a long time 4 he put his dream into practice. Paen Long tried to build his own plane, using the money he had 5 from running his own garage (汽车修理厂). He has spent three years 6 YouTube videos in order to 7 how to make a plane.It took him a year to build his plane, using mostly recycled materials. The plane’s first 8 came at 3 pm on 8th, March. Local villagers gathered excitedly to watch the plane fly. 9 , the plane only got 50 m in the air before crashing (撞击) to the 10 . “When all people were looking at me, I felt very 11 ,” he said.Although the first try 12 . Paen Long remains 13 . His next project is to build a seaplane. Paen Long thinks the plane will cost over $10,000. “I never feel 14 for spending all my money building a plane,” he said.His wife, Hing Muoyheng, 15 about her husband, especially as they have two young sons. However, she has no 16 . “I don’t know how planes work and he doesn’t have any 17 to help him. He can only search for informatio n himself,” she said, “I tried to ask him to 18 a few times because I was afraid, but he said he wouldn’t 19 , so I have to support his 20 .”1.A. repair B. make C. draw D. buy2.A. carefully B. impatiently C. secretly D. suddenly3.A. make use of B. make fun of C. get tired of D. turn to4.A. before B. until C. when D. since5.A. expected B. saved C. stolen D. borrowed6.A. recording B. producing C. showing D. watching7.A. answer B. learn C. control D. guess8.A. design B. flight C. interview D. meeting9.A. Therefore B. Besides C. However D. Otherwise10.A. ground B. crowd C. house D. park11.A. angry B. excited C. proud D. ashamed12.A. appeared B. continued C. changed D. failed13.A. determined B. kind C. nervous D. upset14.A. anxious B. sorry C. hungry D. grateful15.A. hears B. knows C. talks D. worries16.A. chance B. aim C. choice D. reason17.A. experts B. classmates C. volunteers D. workers18.A. fly B. stop C. help D. leave19.A. give up B. give in C. give away D. give out20.A. suggestion B. dream C. conclusion D. research练习四作文（一）随着网络在人们生活中的广泛使用，在生日或其他重大节日时，越来越多的好友或家人喜欢通过发送电子贺卡来表达他们的祝愿。

高中英语真题:2012-2013学年高二英语寒假作业10一、翻译句中黑体并划线的短语1. What time will you get back from school?2. I’ll never get my lost watch back.3. I’ll get my own back on you one day.4. She finds it hard to get by on her pension.5. All these bills are getting me down.6. I wasn’t able to get down her phone number from the answer phone.7. Stop talking and get down to your work.8. I’ll get in touch with you when I know the exact date.9. How did you get into the stadium without a ticket?10. He’s always getting into rows with his parents.11. Staying out late will only get you into trouble with your paren ts12. I got off at the train station.13. We got off at eight o’clock.14. You need a good education in order to get on (in life).15. --- I get on very badly with my cousin. We don’t get on.--- Really? I get on fine / well with her.16. Saying you were tired won’t get you out of trouble with your teacher for being late.二、单项选择1. The boy was made _______ there for an hour by his father.A. stoodB. standC. to standD. stands2. Would you please pass me the knife _______?A. to cut the fruit withB. to cut the fruitC. cutting the fruitD. cutting the fruit with3. It is better to teach a man fishing than _______ him fish.A. givingB. to giveC. givesD. give4. He raised his voice to make everybody in the room ______ hi m clearly.A. hearB. to hearC. hearingD. heard5._____that it was going to snow, the climbers decided to put off their attempt on the highest mountain.A. Having toldB. Having been toldC. TellD. T elling6. I listened to the wind, ______ that he would not come tonight. A．thinkingB．to think C．thought D．being thinking7. Living near the sea, __________.A．we enjoy healthy air and beautiful sightB．healthy air and beautiful sight is what we enjoyC．it is healthy air and beautiful sight we enjoyD．so we enjoy healthy air and beautiful sight8. __________ since the night before, I felt very hungry. A．Having not eaten anything B．Not eating anything C．I hadn't eaten anything D．Not having eaten anythin g9. ________ it with me and I'll see what I can do.A．When left B．Leaving C．If you leave D．Leave 10. _________ such a chance, why don't you have a try? A．To give B．Having C．Given D．Giving11. Never before_______ in greater need of modern public trans port than it is today.A．Beijing has been B．has Beijing been C．was Beijing D．Beijing was12. They wanted to get home before dark, but it didn’t quite ___ _____ as planned.A．turn out B．make out C．come up D．turn up13. There is very little _______ in _______ him to study hard. It w on’t help much.A．method; persuading B．way; persuade C．means;persuading D．point; persuading14. With car prices _______, I find it difficult to realize my dream of having a car of my own.A．coming up B．rising up C．going up D．holding up15. He will come on time ______ it rains.A．ever since B．now that C．even though D．as if 16. Many people don’t know what to do when ________ with rea l danger.A．facing B．being faced C．to face D．faced 17. The new storybook is written in ____ easy English ____ begi nners can understand it.A. such; thatB. so; thatC. such; asD. too；as18. The manager promised to keep me _______ of how our busi ness was going on.A．to be informed B．to informing C．informed D．on inf orming19. Although she doesn’t earn much money, she tries her best t o ______ a bit of money every month for her parents.A．set about B．set aside C．give back D．give in 20. With his attention _______ the blackboard, he didn’t notice me when I came in.A．fixed with B．fixing in C．fixed on D．fixed to三、阅读理解ADuring the American War of Independence, women played an a ctive part in fighting in three ways. Firstly, some women worked as nurses in the field hospitals, taking care of wounded soldier s; some worked as cooks in the army; many women acted as water carrier s. When necessary, all these women, who had many chances t o see how the men fired guns, could take the place of the woun ded men. The second way that women served in the Army was to fight side by side with their men comrades. Although women were not supposed to fight as soldiers in battles, when the Arm y was badly short of soldiers and when women were really goo d soldiers, who would be against women fighting in battles? Thi rdly, from city streets to country villages, many able women wer e in charge of the work to supply food, clothing and medicine fo r the Army, and when the situation was dangerous, they called on all the women to take up arms to defend their own homes.1. What is probably the main reason that women were permitted to fight in the war?A. Women were braver than men in battles.B. They were badl y needed to act as cooks.C. Women of that time were particularly healthy and strong.D. Soldiers were badly needed to fight in battles.2. A field hospital is a hospital _________.A. that is built in an open fieldB. that is on or near the front of battle and gives the wounded s oldiers quick treatmentC. where wounded soldiers are operated onD. where soldiers can be taken good care of3. What is the main idea in this passage?A. Women played an important part in the field hospitals during the War of Independence.B. The Army was successful in teaching women to fight as soldi ers.C. Victory lay in the services of women.D. Women were active in the struggle against Britain during the War of Independence.BHotlines have become common in China. Some radio broadc asting stations use hotlines to encourage the listeners to take p art in the talk shows.That’s a good idea. Yet, the fact is some people do nothing b ut break the whole programme.Some people know little about the topic under discussion. So metimes they do not even know what the host(主持人) is talking about. So the host has to tell the caller what the sh ow is about. Usually the caller will ask a few questions which ex press his hope and show his ignorance(无知).Then the host has to answer and explain－how silly this is! It wastes a lot of time.It seems that some people phone the hotlines in fun. They ju st want to let the listeners hear them. They don’t care what the t opic is, whether they themselves are interested in or how silly th ey appear to be.I’m totally bored(厌烦) by those people. It’s necessary for radio stations to improve the hotline programmes. In my opinion, if the caller doesn’t kno w what is going on, the operator should not let thecaller take part in it.4. The sentence “some people do nothing but break the whole programme.” may tell us____A. radio stations use hotlines in a wrong wayB. it is a factC. it is a good ideaD. some people have unclear thoughts5. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Some people know little about the topic under discussion.B. Some people do not know what the host is talking about.C. Some people do not know what the show is about.D. The writer tells us that the host is silly.6. The host has to answer and explain,_________.A. for the host works hardB. because of the caller’s ignoranceC. for the host likes talking to the callerD. because of a lot of questions raised by the caller7. The passage doesn’t tell us the idea _______.A. that some listeners phone the hotlines in funB. that some people just want to be heard by othersC. that some people who don’t care what the topic is must have realized that they appear to be sillyD. what the hotline programmes are8. The word “operator” in the last paragraph refers to ________.A. hostB. listenerC. doctorD. both A and B2012-2013学年高二英语寒假作业10一、翻译句中黑体并划线的短语1. What time will you get back from school?2. I’ll never get my lost watch back.3. I’ll get my own back on you one day.4. She finds it hard to get by on her pension.5. All these bills are getting me down.6. I wasn’t able to get down her phone number from the answer phone.7. Stop talking and get down to your work.8. I’ll get in touch with you when I know the exact date.9. How did you get into the stadium without a ticket?10. He’s always getting into rows with his parents.11. Staying out late will only get you into trouble with your parents12. I got off at the train station.13. We got off at eight o’clock.14. You need a good education in order to get on (in life).15. --- I get on very badly with my cousin. We don’t get on.--- Really? I get on fine / well with her.16. Saying you were tired won’t get you out of trouble with your teacher for being late.二、单项选择1. The boy was made _______ there for an hour by his father.A. stoodB. standC. to standD. stands2. Would you please pass me the knife _______?A. to cut the fruit withB. to cut the fruitC. cutting the fruitD. cutting the fruit with3. It is better to teach a man fishing than _______ him fish.A. givingB. to giveC. givesD. give4. He raised his voice to make everybody in the room ______ him clearly.A. hearB. to hearC. hearingD. heard5._____that it was going to snow, the climbers decided to put off their attempt on the highest mo untain.A. Having toldB. Having been toldC. TellD. Telling6. I listened to the wind, ______ that he would not come tonight.A．thinking B．to think C．thought D．being thinking7. Living near the sea, __________.A．we enjoy healthy air and beautiful sightB．healthy air and beautiful sight is what we enjoyC．it is healthy air and beautiful sight we enjoyD．so we enjoy healthy air and beautiful sight8. __________ since the night before, I felt very hungry.A．Having not eaten anything B．Not eating anythingC．I hadn't eaten anything D．Not having eaten anything9. ________ it with me and I'll see what I can do.A．When left B．Leaving C．If you leave D．Leave10. _________ such a chance, why don't you have a try?A．To give B．Having C．Given D．Giving11. Never before_______ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today. A．Beijing has been B．has Beijing been C．was Beijing D．Beijing was12. They wanted to get home before dark, but it didn’t quite ________ as planned.A．turn out B．make out C．come up D．turn up13. There is very little _______ in _______ him to study hard. It won’t help much.A．method; persuading B．way; persuade C．means; persuading D．point; persuading 14. With car prices _______, I find it difficult to realize my dream of having a car of my own. A．coming up B．rising up C．going up D．holding up15. He will come on time ______ it rains.A．ever since B．now that C．even though D．as if16. Many people don’t know what to do when ________ with real danger.A．facing B．being faced C．to face D．faced17. The new storybook is written in ____ easy English ____ beginners can understand it.A. such; thatB. so; thatC. such; asD. too；as18. The manager promised to keep me _______ of how our business was going on.A．to be informed B．to informing C．informed D．on informing19. Although she doesn’t earn much money, she tries her best to ______ a bit of money every m onth for her parents.A．set about B．set aside C．give back D．give in20. With his attention _______ the blackboard, he didn’t notice me when I came in.A．fixed with B．fixing in C．fixed on D．fixed to三、阅读理解ADuring the American War of Independence, women played an active part in fighting in three wa ys. Firstly, some women worked as nurses in the field hospitals, taking care of wounded soldier s; some worked as cooks in the army; many women acted as water carriers. When necessary, all these wo men, who had many chances to see how the men fired guns, could take the place of the wound ed men. The second way that women served in the Army was to fight side by side with their me n comrades. Although women were not supposed to fight as soldiers in battles, when the Army was badly short of soldiers and when women were really good soldiers, who would be against w omen fighting in battles? Thirdly, from city streets to country villages, many able women were in charge of the work to supply food, clothing and medicine for the Army, and when the situation was dangerous, they called on all the women to take up arms to defend their own homes.1. What is probably the main reason that women were permitted to fight in the war?A. Women were braver than men in battles.B. They were badly needed to act as cooks.C. Women of that time were particularly healthy and strong.D. Soldiers were badly needed to fight in battles.2. A field hospital is a hospital _________.A. that is built in an open fieldB. that is on or near the front of battle and gives the wounded soldiers quick treatmentC. where wounded soldiers are operated onD. where soldiers can be taken good care of3. What is the main idea in this passage?A. Women played an important part in the field hospitals during the War of Independence.B. The Army was successful in teaching women to fight as soldiers.C. Victory lay in the services of women.D. Women were active in the struggle against Britain during the War of Independence.BHotlines have become common in China. Some radio broadcasting stations use hotlines to e ncourage the listeners to take part in the talk shows.That’s a good idea. Yet, the fact is some people do nothing but break the whole programme. Some people know little about the topic under discussion. Sometimes they do not even know what the host(主持人) is talking about. So the host has to tell the caller what the show is about. Usually the caller w ill ask a few questions which express his hope and show his ignorance(无知).Then the host has to answer and explain－how silly this is! It wastes a lot of time.It seems that some people phone the hotlines in fun. They just want to let the listeners hear t hem. They don’t care what the topic is, whether they themselves are interested in or how silly th ey appear to be.I’m totally bored(厌烦) by those people. It’s necessary for radio stations to improve the hotline programmes. In my opinion, if the caller doesn’t know what is going on, the operator should not let thecaller take part in it.4. The sentence “some people do nothing but break the whole programme.” may tell us____A. radio stations use hotlines in a wrong wayB. it is a factC. it is a good ideaD. some people have unclear thoughts5. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Some people know little about the topic under discussion.B. Some people do not know what the host is talking about.C. Some people do not know what the show is about.D. The writer tells us that the host is silly.6. The host has to answer and explain,_________.A. for the host works hardB. because of the caller’s ignoranceC. for the host likes talking to the callerD. because of a lot of questions raised by the caller7. The passage doesn’t tell us the idea _______.A. that some listeners phone the hotlines in funB. that some people just want to be heard by othersC. that some people who don’t care what the topic is must have realized that they appear to be sillyD. what the hotline programmes are8. The word “operator” in the last paragraph refers to ________.A. hostB. listenerC. doctorD. both A and B。

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高二英语寒假作业答案单选 1.DACAB 6.CDBBA 11.CABCB 16.BCADC 21.DBDBC36、答案B。

Bob刚刚和妻子Pat签订了一份“母亲合同”——宣称今年夏天七十天里他将接管照料孩子们的工作以及一切家务。

only表示“仅仅”;nearly表示“几乎、密切地”;over表示“结束、越过、从头到尾”的意思。

37、答案D。

take over表示“把...从一地带到另一地、接收、接管”的意思;stick to表示“粘住”;set about表示“开始、着手”的意思;think about表示“考虑、回想”的意思，此处只有D项最符合句意。

38、答案D。

整个句子的逻辑关系为“虽然……，但是他非常自信。

”although引导表示让步的状语从句，符合句意。

if表示“如果”，引导条件状语从句;表示“是否”，引导宾语从句。

as表示“当……时”，引导时间状语从句;表示“由于”时引导原因状语从句;表示“按照”时引导方式状语从句;表示“正如”时，引导定语从句。

since表示“既然”时引导原因状语从句;表示“自从”时引导时间状语从句。

39、答案B。

“七十天里只过了四十天，他就想不干了。

”give up“放弃”;carry on表示“继续开展、坚持、举止失常”的含义;break down表示“毁掉、制服、压倒、停顿、倒塌、中止、垮掉、分解”等意思;find out表示“找出、发现、查明(真相等)、认识到、想出、揭发”等意思。

句中的be ready to表示“主观上乐意去做”，根据下文中他的抱怨态度，只有give up搭配最佳。

40、答案C。

Bob对motherhood有了新的认识：“motherhood不仅很难，而且对任何正常人都是不可能的。

”41、答案D。

work as表示“从事、当”的意思，这里是Pat当秘书，不是她“派(sent)”，也不是她“雇用(employed)”，更不是她“从一个秘书那儿了解到(learned from)”。

（11）Unit 2 Sports culture一、阅读理解1. Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport's rules require that a race walker's knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. It's this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would bum about 800 calories (卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would bum walking, although fewer than running, which would probably bum about 1,000 or more calories per hour.However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner's knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport's strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.1.Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?A.They must run long distances.B.They are qualified for the marathon.C.They have to follow special rules.D.They are good at swinging their legs.2.What advantage does race walking have over running?A.It's more popular at the Olympics.B.It's less challenging physically.C.It's more effective in body building.D.It's less likely to cause knee injuries.3.What is Dr. Norberg's suggestion for someone trying race walking?A.Getting experts' opinions.B.Having a medical checkup.C.Hiring an experienced coach.D.Doing regular exercises.4.Which word best describes the authors attitude to race walking?A.Skeptical.B.Objective.C.Tolerant.D.Conservative.2. I started playing football when I was 7 or 8 years old after my brothers had agreed to let their little sister join in their games. I am from a very small town and at that time no other girls played football in my town. People said football wasn't for women and that my family shouldn't let me play. They also said I wouldn't make it, and that I wasn't good enough.As a child, I didn't really understand why people were so against me playing when I could play it well! I fought back by showing my talent (天赋) on the streets.My greatest inspiration was my mother. We came from a poor family; my mom raised four children on her own. She worked all day, and had little time to spend with us, but she never gave up. I found my strength from her to keep going.Every win is important for me, from the time when I was playing in amateur teams among the boys to the first win as part of the national team. And now I remember the day when I went back to my town in 2006 after winning the award for the best female player in the world. When I arrived, it was nearly midnight and the whole town was awake, waiting for me. I got into a fireman's truck and people were waving. The achievement could happen because I hadn't given up the first moment I heard a "no".Sport changed my life completely. It gave me the chance to help my family, meet other people, see other countries and experience other cultures. Sport is a tool for girls because it gives you the chance to do what you want and learn to respect the differences between people.For me, it is a great honour to be a UN Women Goodwill Ambassador. Today, I am here to use my story to inspire many more girls and women and to create chances so that next generations don't have to go through what I have experienced.1.What was the author's family's attitude towards her playing football at first?A. They supported it.B. They were uncertain about it.C. They were strongly against it.D. They thought it must be painful.2.What happened to the author when she returned home in 2006?A. She learned to say no for the first time.B. She had little time to spend with her family.C. She got a chance to play for the national team.D. She was warmly welcomed by the whole town.3.Which of the following words can best describe the author?A. Creative.B. Humorous.C. Strong-willed.D. Responsible.4.What does the author call on girls and women to do?A. Play football just like her.B. Try their best to see the outside world.C. Trust themselves and do what they want.D. Value the happy hours with their families.3. Dolphins appear to make a tasty meal for many predators(捕食性动物). And why? With an exceptionally high fat content, dolphins provide great nutrition for predators who track throughout the ocean. However, dolphins are more troublesome than it's worth and most predators generally learn to avoid dolphin groups, including sharks. Like elephants, dolphins will circle protectively around the weak members of the group, and attack anything that approaches in a threatening manner. And they can kill sharks. Most predators take one look, and then just swim away.Dolphins don't worry a lot about being eaten. In general, their only real predator is the shark, and even then only the larger species of sharks dare to attack dolphins. Dolphins have evolved(进化) over a long time to be pretty tough, so in general even the most dangerous sharks stay away from them. Dolphin parts have been found in the bellies of killer whales, who will eat just about anything. In fact, dolphins and killer whales team up sometimes to catch some prey.As with most edible(可以食用的) species today, the most dangerous threat is man. Sometimes, dolphins are killed not because they are a source of food, but because they prey on the same fish species as humans. Therefore, many fishermen have killed dolphins specifically because they think dolphins will min their catch.Even more, there are some countries that eat cetaceans, including dolphins. In Japan, themeat of some dolphin species is seen as a delicacy, and can cost up to $ 25 a pound. In Peru and many other Latin American countries where the ocean has been largely short of fish due to overfishing or environmental conditions such as El Niño, fishermen have turned to catch dolphins and porpoises to sell in fish markets.1.What can we learn from the first paragraph?A.No ocean animals can attack dolphins.B.Dolphins are not easy to deal with.C.Dolphins often kill sharks.D.Dolphins are quite low in fat.2.What does the underlined part in the passage mean?A.People have ever found the evidence of killer whales eating dolphins.B.Dolphins and killer whales have something in common concerning bellies.C.Dolphins and killer whales join hands to hunt and feed.D.Dolphins and killer whales are not similar in bellyparts.3.Which is one of the reasons why dolphins are killed according to Para. 3?A.The number of dolphins is too large.B.Dolphins are more delicious than other species.C.Dolphins compete with humans on the same fish species.D.Dolphins' meat is the main economic source for some fishermen.4.Why do the Japanese kill dolphins?A.Dolphins cause overfishing.B.Dolphins affect their way of living.C.Dolphins are a source of delicious food.D.There are not so many fish in the ocean as before.4. There are many ways to travel within a city. We can walk, cycle, or take a bus. But no matter which way we choose, we have to stick to the route the city planners laid down for us.Parkour enthusiasts (跑酷爱好者), however, see the city in a completely different way. To them, there are no fixed routes. There are no walls and no stairs—since they jump, climb, roll and crawl to move across, through, over and under anything that they find in their path. The city is their playground.The International Gymnastics Federation has noticed that this activity is drawing more and more people to it—there are about 100,000 people taking part in parkour today in the UK alone,according to The Guardian —and how it is helpful for people to be much stronger: It trains coordination and balance. So the organization is thinking about recognizing parkour as a new sport and adding it to the Olympics.But parkour enthusiasts themselves don't seem to be happy with the idea. They see parkour as a lifestyle. In their view, it's a competition against the conditions rather than just a sport.Indeed, many do parkour just to "escape the daily routine and experience the city in different ways", wrote Oli Mould on The Conversation. They see parkour as a way to express themselves through relaxing moves and creative routes while freeing themselves from the pressure.It's great that the International Gymnastics Federation wants to develop a new sport and stay close to a new cultural form. But it would be greater if they knew that not everything in life is a competition.1.How do parkour enthusiasts do parkour?A.They move as they wish.B.They plan the routes of the city.C.They run faster than others.D.They stick to certain routes.2.Why does the International Gymnastics Federation want to add parkour to the Olympics?A.Because it draws their attention.B.Because it helps people to build up their body.C.Because that's what parkour enthusiasts argue for.D.Because they think it needs rules and instructions.3.What is the author's view on parkour?A.It can be recognized as a competition.B.It calls on people to work as a team.C.It's worth adding to the sporting events.D.It is a way of life rather than a competition.4.What is the best title for the passage?A.A new sports competitionB.Parkour enthusiastsC.Training in a different wayD.Making the city their own二、七选五5.阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

（3）Unit 2 The Universal Language第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

ARave-on!How about learning new skills on the guitar, drums and keyboard by video? Follow the touch-screen instructions to find lessons on each instrument, or search for a song to practice playing along to. Try our Professional Selection, with video clips of band members who will explain the techniques that make their recordings so individual.Show-in-a-day!Be a star singer or dancer for the day in a one-time-only special performance! Experts in international music and dance styles will train you, and costumes provided for the performance help create a really special, individual show. Get your friends and family to come and see you perform, as no videoing or photography is allowed.Archived ImagesWant to find out about a new band, or just want more information about an old favourite? Visit our collection to find out facts and figures, or see the actual possessions of famous bands and musicians you are interested in. You can actually get to touch things worn on stage at major rock and pop events, and there are plenty of other concert souvenirs.Rhythm-studioGet your body moving in the studio and learn to move to rhythms and sounds from the past to now, including Soul and Disco. Learn your steps from our professional onscreen dance instructor, then watch your performance and become the star in your own video recording which you can take away!1.James likes collecting information about his favourite bands, which will he choose?A.Rave-on!B.Show-in-a-day!C.Archived Images.D.Rhythm-studio.2.In what way is Rhythm-studio different from Show-in-a-day?A.Rhythm-studio offers free gifts from musicians.B.Rhythm-studio has experts to teach face to face.C.Rhythm-studio allows people to bring videos home.D.Rhythm-studio gets family members to enjoy the shows.3.Where can you most probably read the above information?A.In a travel brochure.B.In a newspaper.C.In a science magazine.D.In a report.BAny foreigner who has tried to learn Chinese can tell how hard it is to master the tones required to speak and understand. And anyone who has tried to learn to play the violin or other instruments can report similar challenges.Now researchers have found that people with musical training have an easier time learning Chinese. Writing in the online edition of Nature Neuroscience, researchers from Northwestern University say that both skills draw on the same parts of the brain that help people discover changes in pitch (音调).One of the study's authors, Nina Kraus, said the findings suggested that studying music "actually tunes our sensory system". This means that schools that want children to do well in languages should hesitate before cutting music programmes, Dr Kraus said. She said music training might also help children with language problems.Mandarin(普通话) speakers have been shown to have a more complex encoding (编码) of pitch patterns in their brains than English speakers do. This is because in Mandarin and other Asian languages, pitch plays a central role. A single-syllable word can have several meanings depending on how it is intoned.For this study, the researchers looked at 20 non-Chinese speaking volunteers, half with no musical background and half who have studied an instrument for at least six years.As they were shown a movie, the volunteers also heard an audio tape of the Mandarin word "mi" in three of its meanings: squint, bewilder and rice. The researchers recorded activities in their brain stems to see how well they were processing the sounds. Those with a music background showed much more brain activities in response to the Chinese sounds.The lead author of the study, Patrick C. M. Wong, said it might work both ways. It appears that native speakers of tonal languages may do better at learning instruments.1.When learning Chinese, a foreigner will find __________.A.it difficult to learn music at the same timeB.it not difficult to learn music at the same timeC.it hard to master the tones required to speak and understandD.it easy to use the brain to help him discover changes in pitch2.Why does Chinese learning have something to do with music training?A.Because there is the same difficulty in learning Chinese and music.B.Because skills to learn the two make use of the same parts of the brain.C.Because music training might help people with language study.D.Because people who do well in Chinese study do well in music.3.The underlined word "intoned" in the fourth paragraph can be replaced by the word "__________".A.createdB.spelledC.seemedD.pronounced4.What would be the best title of this passage?A.Mandarin Speakers Are Smarter than English SpeakersB.Skilled Ear for Music May Help Language StudyC.Pitch Plays a Central Role in Chinese LearningD.Schools Need to Develop Music ProgrammesCIf you're out for a run, what difference does it make if you're able to tough it out for another 50 seconds? If you're less than a minute from the top of the hill, that extra time can make the difference between having reached your goal and snatching defeat from the jaws of victory.How do you get those extra seconds of energy? A research team at the Texas Tech University developed a study to measure what effect listening to music would have on exercise tolerance. The researchers based the study on a stress testing. As part of the testing, they noted any changes in heart rate and blood pressure as participants underwent physically stressful exercise.The tests were done on treadmills (跑步机), which increased in both speed and incline (坡度) through three stages. In the final stage, the treadmills moved at 10 miles per hour at a 14-percent grade. Most of these tests were designed to last up to 40 minutes. The average gym-goers lasted 30 minutes. For this study, they divided 127 participants into two groups. One listened toupbeat(快节奏) music, while the other group had earbuds in but did not listen to music.The group that listened to music was able to outlast the non-music group by an average of 50.6 seconds. Again, being able to go an extra minute may seem like a no-brainer, but "after 30 minutes, you feel like you are running up a mountain, so even being able to go 50 seconds longer means a lot," said the study's lead author, Waseem Shami, MD.The study has confirmed something runners and gym-goers have suspected for years: listening to music during workout can be beneficial to your endurance. "Our findings reinforce the idea that upbeat music can help you exercise longer and stick with a daily exercise routine," said Shami. "When doctors are recommending exercise, they might suggest listening to music, too."1.Why did Shamil team conduct the research?A.To test the effect of music on health.B.To know the cause of failure in sports.C.To improve runners' exercise tolerance.D.To record the body change of participants.2.What did the researchers find about the participants in the stress testing?A.They ran much faster than average runners.B.They created a new record of indoor sports.C.They could run a little longer with music on.D.They all enjoyed extreme physical challenge.3.What do the underlined words "a no-brainer" mean in Paragraph 4?A.A dull activity.B.A foolish action.C.A demanding task.D.An easy practice.4.What did Shami suggest us doing in the last paragraph?A.Developing a daily exercise routine.B.Listening to music while working out.C.Participating in physical stress testing.D.Taking exercise as doctors recommend.DThe famous British writer Charles Dickens, who penned the letter that led the signatures of resistance to street music in 1864, would be pleased to hear that, to be a busker(街头艺人) in London today, one must pass a strict "interview" first. Each busker must go through a shortlist process and then perform live in one of underground stations in front of three judges. Each musician must perform two songs (one prepared by themselves and the other selected by judges from a submitted set list). The judging process reviews the musician's songs, musicality, technique skill and performance. If successful, the musician will receive a 12-month licence to perform in the street. Last year, more than 600 musicians attended the "interview" and only 70 got licence.The method of tipping buskers is changing. London is the first city in the world to introduce the electronic payment system (EPS). London mayor (市长) Sadiq Khan described London as "a powerhouse of music". "For London to keep its status as a global capital of music, it's vitally important that we support the stars of tomorrow," Khan said. "Busking helps them show their talent and gives them the chance to perform in front of huge numbers of people. The new method means more people will now be able to show their support for the capital city's many street performers because it's more convenient for them to do so."Charlotte Campbell is one such busker who's been helping to trial the project. After only two weeks, she said it had "already had a significant effect on the contributions I've received". She's noticed when one person taps the reader to donate, others who witness the act often follow suit, suggesting people are more than willing to adopt the new way of rewarding buskers.1.What was Charles Dickens' attitude towards street music in London?A.Favourable.B.Disapproving.C.Optimistic.D.Cautious.2.What is the first paragraph mainly about?A.The long history of street music.B.The way of playing street music.C.The buskers' competition to get a licence.D.The introduction of buskers in London.3.Why did London mayor promote the new scheme?A.To make more people help the buskers.B.To show London is full of buskers.C.To catch up with modern art trends.D.To reform street music's performance.4.How did London people respond to the EPS according to Charlotte Campbell?A.They were opposed to it.B.They accepted it quickly.C.They paid no attention to it.D.They thought it made no difference.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

（12）Unit 2 Sports culture一、阅读理解1. Although Kobe Bryant is no longer with us, his strong will on and off the basketball court lives on. It was announced that the lot superstar would be accepted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame."His competitiveness, professional ethics and drive were unmatched," Jeanie Buss, the controlling owner of the Los Angeles Lakers, told ESPN. "Those qualities helped Kobe lead us to five titles — and have now brought him to the Hall of Fame. No one deserves it more."Indeed, it was Kobe's unmatchable determination to be the best that distinguished him from his peers. He named it "mamba mentality", after the black mamba, one of the world's deadliest snakes, and also after the top killer from the movie Kill Bill. The mamba mentality became so popular that Kobe even detailed it in his book The Mamba Mentality: How I Play. In it, he revealed his physical and mental preparations not just to succeed in the game, but to excel himself."Mamba mentality is all about focusing on the process and trusting in the hard work," he said during an interview. " It started when someone described me like that one day, and it's grown into something athletes — and even non-athletes — embrace (欣然接受) as a mindset."Kobe was similar to one of the greatest basketball players, Michael Jordan, not only in playing style, but in competitive nature. " I liked challenging people and making them uncomfortable," Kobe wrote in his book. "That's what leads to introspection(反省) and that's what leads to improvement. You could say I dared people to be their best selves."Though many were shocked and sad when Kobe died in a helicopter crash in January 2020, his legacy will live on. Whether you're a basketball player or not, you can't deny Kobe's power to inspire you to be your best self.1.What can be learnt from the second paragraph?A. Kobe's confidence helped him win five titles.B. Kobe was competitive enough to become a great player.C. Kobe in particular deserved the honor of being a Hall of Famer.D. Kobe was the only qualified player in the Hall of Fame.2.According to Kobe, what is true mamba mentality?A. Being willing to cooperate with teammates.B. The spirit of working hard.C. Reflecting on oneself from time to time.D. A belief that both the process and outcome matter.3.Why did Kobe like challenging people?A. He found it fun to challenge people.B. He wanted to show off his basketball skills.C. He believed it could promote people's improvement.D. He inspired them to develop a passion for basketball.4.What is the text mainly about?A. How Kobe died in a helicopter crash.B. How mamba mentality came into being.C. Why Kobe was inducted into the Hall of Fame.D. Mamba mentality — Kobe's legacy to the world.2. In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some hold an optimistic attitude. They value it highly, believing that it is a natural result of social progress and prosperity(繁荣) and that anyone who wants to be outstanding has to keep up with the pace. Others think otherwise. They say that competition is bad, that it sets one person against another and that it leads to the unfriendly relationship between people.I have taught many children who hold the belief that their self-worth depends on how well they perform at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. In their single-minded pursuit (追求) of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others have an opposite opinion. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most voices are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. They have no choice. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: "I may have lost, but it doesn'tmatter because I really didn't try." What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they really try and lose, that will mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one's self-respect relies on how well one performs compared with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (消除) can we discover a new meaning of competition.1.What does this passage mainly talk about?A. Competition helps to set up self-respect.B. Opinions about competition are different among people.C. Competition is harmful to personal quality development.D. Failure is a necessary experience in competition.2.What does the underlined phrase "the most voices" in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Those who try their best to win.B. Those who value competition most highly.C. Those who are against competition most strongly.D. Those who rely on others most for success.3.What is the similar belief of the true competitors and those with a desire to fail?A. One's worth lies in his performance compared with others.B. One's success in competition needs great efforts.C. One's achievement is determined by his particular skills.D. One's success is based on how hard he has tried.4. Which point of view may the author agree with?A. Every effort should be paid back.B. Competition should be encouraged.C. Winning should be a life-and-death matter.D. Fear of failure should be removed in competition.3. Breakdancing was announced as an Olympic sport at the 2024 Paris Olympics after the organizers proposed four additional sports, including breakdancing, surfing, skateboarding and sport climbing, to the Games in 2024."Breakdancing is a fantastic opportunity to be really in line with the story that Paris 2024wants to tell. We want those Games in connection with creativity, connected with the youth, more urban, more out of the stadiums," Paris 2024 President Tony Estanguet said. "We look forward to working with breakdancing to propose a new experience."Breakdancing is a sport which can be played anytime and anywhere in urban and other environments. It has no previous appearance at the Summer Olympic Games, but was included at the Summer Youth Olympic Games in Buenos Aires in 2018."Right from the beginning, our aim was to offer Games that would have an impact and the element of surprise. This is why we have chosen to present to the IOC (International Olympic Committee) four sports that are creative, appealing to the youth and in line with our vision. We are certain that breakdancing, skateboarding, sport climbing and surfing will contribute to strengthening our project," Estanguet added.The organizers seek to deliver three key principles in hosting the Games: sustainable and socially-responsible Games in accordance with the new norms (准则), Games in keeping with the times and inspiring new audiences and attracting young people, and Games reflecting the identity of Paris 2024, which is spectacular, culturally relevant, engaging, accessible and inclusive.Under the new IOC rules, Olympic host cities can select sports and propose them for inclusion in those Games if they are popular in that country and add to the Games' appeal. After discussion IOC agreed to add these four sports to Paris 2024.1.What can we learn about breakdancing?A.It appeals to people of all ages.B.It is the symbol of Paris.C.It can be played either indoors or outdoors.D.It was once included at the Summer Olympics.2.Why do the Paris organizers propose the inclusion of the four sports?4. Along with soccer, basketball is a global sport. As you read this, young people somewhere in the world are happily passing, dribbling (运球)and shooting. It's enormous fun and a joyful way to spend time with others.Basketball is a game for everyone. Unlike golf or tennis, it doesn't require great wealth or a lot of space to play. After all, not many people have a golf course-sized backyard, and tennis equipment is expensive. Basketball, by contrast, just needs a wall with a hoop and a ball.So after its invention by Canadian-American physical educator James Naismith in 1891, the sport took off within US citizens, who quickly became attracted to the game because it suited their circumstances. Today, 129 years later, basketball remains one of the most popular sports in the US, and the National Basketball Association (NBA) has an increasing appeal for fans around the world.The success of basketball as a global phenomenon is undoubtedly related to the way African-Americans play the game. "The basketball court reflected some of the major cultural shifts in America, such as from forbidding African-Americans to play basketball to allowing them to play it in the NBA," the LIVESTRONG website noted.From the 1950s onwards, segregation rules, which had prohibited African-Americans from playing basketball in NBA games, were no longer used in the US. In 1950, when Earl Lloyd started to play for the Washington Capitols, things began to change. Since then, most of the greats of the game have been African-Americans, like Michael Jordan, Earvin Johnson, Kobe Bryant and LeBron James.It's not difficult to see that there's a strong link between political liberation and basketball. Something of this is expressed in a quote from the US author John Edgar Wideman. He makes a connection between basketball and hope: "When it's played the way it's supposed to be played, basketball happens in the air; flying, floating, raised above the floor, basketball lets the oppressed (受压制的) people of this earth imagine themselves in their dreams."1.What advantage does basketball have over golf or tennis, according to the author?A. It can be played everywhere.B. It doesn't cost much.C. It doesn't require too much skill.D. It interests almost everyone.2.What can we learn about basketball from Paragraph 3?A. The sport was created by a PE teacher.B. The sport was not popular with people at first.C. Its rules have been changed a lot to suit new circumstances.D. The NBA, with a history of 129 years, attracts people worldwide.3.The main purpose of Paragraph 5 is to ______.A. explain the origin and rules of NBA games in the 1950sB. prove the popularity of basketball among African-AmericansC. stress the success of African-Americans in basketballD. show how racial integration took place in basketball4.What do John Edgar Wideman's words mean?A. Basketball is sometimes a useful tool for politicians.B. American people usually have a basketball dream.C. Basketball stands for the freedom and hope of people.D. Political oppression is a serious problem in the US.二、七选五5. The biggest complaint I hear is, "I don't have enough time." Trust me — I get it! So here are five simple tips to keep you consistently working out.1. Schedule it.①_____ I mean it. Open up your calendar and schedule it into your day. This makes sure you do have the time each day.2.Keep your scheduled appointment.Now that your exercise is scheduled, keep your appointment! ②_____ Your health and happiness are just as important as any other appointment. Honour yourself.3.Exercise first in the morning.Most of us don't have business meetings or doctors' appointments at 5:30 a. m. This is prime time to get your workouts done. ③_____ But after two weeks you will get used to it. I promise!4.④_____Day one, do a HIIT workout. Day two, lift heavy weights. Day three, increase joint mobility with yoga. Boredom is one of the biggest reasons why people don't stick with an exercise program. Don't wake up and run every day. You have got to mix them up.5.⑤ _____The more fun you have while exercising, the more likely you are to do it. On weekends go for a long bike ride or hike with your family. Or, do your normal exercise routine with your family. I also do yoga once a week with my husband. We look forward to this date.There you have them — five simple tips to keep workouts consistent. The better you insist ondoing it, the better results you may have!A.Make it fun.B.Work out with your family.C.Mix up your workouts.D.Don't change it or schedule it again.E.Busy people must schedule their workouts.F.You had better force yourself to work out each day.G.I understand morning workouts sound cruel to most people.三、完形填空6. Dowell may never be able to drive a car, but she can sail a boat around the world. Dowell is blind and is one of many athletes with disabilities who compete in the C. Thomas Clagett, Jr. Memorial Clinic and Regatta, a(n) 1 she has competed in since losing her 2 .Each year, dozens of sailors with disabilities participate in the event. The 3 is to provide a platform for them to train and compete at a high level. Athletes with various disabilities — 4 from those who have lost legs to those who are blind —are invited to show their 5 .Dowell is 6 sailing so much. She 7 lives on a sailboat with her guide dog. She says that it is always a 8 to live on a boat and that sailing has given her a new beginning. Being part of a team means much to her.Munden is one of Dowell's closest 9 . Because of an eye disease, Munden went blind. Sailing gives her a whole new world of freedom and self-confidence. Dowell and Munden have 10 many competitions against sighted and non-sighted athletes. They find the sport of sailing fair to all participants 11 physical abilities.Sailing can be adjusted 12 competitors' physical abilities. For example, for Dowell and Munden, they compete with the assistance of a sighted guide whose only job is to 13 them if there is a barrier. For other competitors, equipment can be altered to accommodate athletes' 14 needs.Everyone out on the water has a different ability. It's about 15 your abilities and not worrying about the abilities you don't have. The disability is just an aspect of who we are, but we are sailors out on the water.1. A. journey B. event C. festival D. team2.A. sight B. hearing C. legs D. arms3.A. influence B. solution C. impression D. mission4.A. ranging B. separating C. selecting D. suffering5.A. disabilities B. skills C. characters D. appearances6.A. confused about B. frustrated with C. passionate about D. disappointed with7.A. even B. still C. yet D. just8.A. challenge B. chance C. pity D. dream9.A. coaches B. guides C. teammates D. opponents10.A. cheered for B. turned down C. dreamed about D. participated in11.A. regardless of B. in need of C. in case of D. because of12.A. linked to B. devoted to C. based on D. compared with13.A. ask B. notice C. encourage D. warn14.A. mental B. common C. physical D. social15.A. taking control of B. taking advantage of C. taking care of D. taking the place of四、语法填空7. Rio Olympics gold medalist table tennis player Ding Ning suffered many failures before rising to the peak of her sport. In 2006, Ding's ranking in the national team was last but one. ① _____ within several years of practice, she raised her level point by point to become China's number one player.Things don't always go so ②_____ (smooth). In 2010, when taking part in ③_____ World Team Table Tennis Championships in Moscow, Ding was beaten by a duo (搭档) from Singapore in the women's doubles final, ④_____ made her burst into tears. The experience gave her a heavy blow (打击). Drying her eyes, Ding worked harder ⑤_____ (relieve) herself of the pressure of the failure. In 2011, Ding harvested her first world championship in the women's singles during the World Table Tennis Championships ⑥_____ (hold) in Rotterdam, Netherlands, which helped her step out of the shadow of the Moscow ⑦_____ (lose).However, when she competed during the 2012 London Olympics, one of her playing techniques ⑧_____ (judge) repeatedly as a breach (违犯)of rules. At last she returned ⑨_____ a silver. The setback let her suffer a heavier blow."But all these failures are my most precious resources. They ⑩_____ (give) me a lesson about table tennis, life and healthy growth," said Ding.五、写作8.假定你是李华,你的美国网友Mike的父母希望他加入学校篮球队,但他不喜欢团队运动。

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10. How long can the man keep the books he borrows? A. A month. B. Twenty days. C. Two months. 11. How does the man know when his books will be due? A. The woman will inform him. B. He can check it on the library website. C. The library will send him a notice letter. 12. What can we learn about the man? A. He is applying for a library card. B. He is a freshman. C. He lost a book he borrowed from the library. Conversation 6 13. Where does the man come from? A. San Francisco. B. Ohio. C. Seoul.
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14. How long will the woman stay there? A. For one day. B. For three days. C. For two weeks. 15. What is TRUE about the man? A. Before he leaves， his family will go to Disneyland. B. This is his first time in America. C. His children want to go to Houston on Monday. Section B (7.5 marks) Directions： In this section， youll hear a short passage. Listen carefully and then fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Fill in each blank with NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS. You will hear the short passage TWICE. IntroductionFoundation： in 16 17 Education：

高二年级英语寒假作业（三）答案2012年1月21日--1月22日完成一、单项选择（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）1. 选B。

情景对话，with pleasure非常乐意。

2. 选A 。

can’t help doing情不自禁干某事,by 表示被动。

3. 选B。

fix one’s eyes on盯着什么看。

4．选C。

感官动词没有被动语态。

5. 选C。

surprised感到惊讶suggested暗示了hadn’t expected表示为事先没有想到。

6. 选B。

while引导让步状语从句，表示虽然。

7. 选A。

make use of表示充分利用。

to study表目的。

8. 选B。

have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难。

9. 选B。

cut back on削减。

10.选B。

the way to do sth.做某事的方法thought of的宾语是the way。

11.选D。

12.选C。

listed被列在。

13.选D。

符合前面有do后面省to的原则。

14.选C。

句子缺少主语，be exposed to sunlight暴晒在阳光下。

15.选A。

回答原因，to表示目的。

二、完型填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）整篇文章讲述的是颜色对心情的影响。

16.选B。

文章后面有提到。

17.选D。

用排除法。

18.选A。

19.选C。

前文提到喜欢黄色等颜色的人肯定是个领导者，那么喜欢灰色的人很有可能是追随者。

20.选C。

do influence表示强调，的确影响了。

21.选D。

22.选A。

23.选D。

On the other hand表示“另一方面”。

24.选B。

over表示“在桥的上方”。

25.选B。

any other表示“任何其他的桥”。

26.选D。

27.选A。

虚拟语气，要是那座桥漆成粉红色的话，那自杀的事件就会更少了。

28.选C。

29.选B。

30.选D。

后面有but, not only…but also的结构。

高二英语寒假作业（一）一．根据根据所给汉语提示写出单词，并使句意完整正确。

anization2. poisonous3. relationships4. hesitation5. preseveration6. prohibited7.management 8. effective 9. responding 10. determined二．选用所给短语的适当形式填空，使句意完整正确。

11.get along well with 12. kept his word 13. in public 14. are discouraged from 15.get through16. is based on 17. was determined to 18. stayed up 19. in advance 20.in trouble三、根据所给汉语意思，完成下列句子。

21.admitted having stolen 22. stand /put up with; shouting; crying 23. apoligized to; for 24. share with each other 25. strict with ; get into trouble26. It is difficult to get along with the narrow-minded persons.27. Jack used to be sheerful and easygoing. But since his fater’s death, he has been quiet.28.It’s not as good as his last book, but it’s definitely worth reading.29. He would rather die than betray his county to the enemy.30. We were determined that we should never allow such things to happen again.寒假作业（二）Reading Comprehension 1-3 ADD. 4-6 ABA The Bystander effect: ABCATeeth Grinding: Not Merely a Habit: 5.medical 6. dental 7. Stress 8. can be disrupted 9. unconsciously 10 The abnormal alignment 11. an abnormal structure 12. make contact 13. depend on/ are dependent upon 14. results from 15. teeth protection寒假作业（三）一、单项选择1-10 BCDCAABCDC 11-20. CDCBBDCBBD 21-25.BDDCB二、根据所给汉语意思完成句子。

得夺市安庆阳光实验学校重庆市铜梁县高二英语上学期寒假作业（一）第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。

APhillip Island PenguinsThe Little Penguin has called Phillip Island home for untold generations. Get to Phillip Island in plenty of time to watch a summer sunset at Summerland Beach－the stage is attractively set to see the Little Penguin leave water and step onto land.·Leave Melbourne at 5:30 pm. for a direct journey to Phillip Island ·See the Gippsland area－Guinness Book of Records place for the world’s longest earthworm·Journey along the coastal highway around the Bay with French Island and Churchill Island in the distance·Cross the bridge at San Remo to enter Phillip Island－natural home for Little Penguins and many animals·Take your place in special viewing stands to watch the daily evening performance of the wild Little penguinsUltimate Penguins (+U)Join a group of up to 15. This guided tour goes to an attractive,quiet beach to see Little Penguins. You can see penguins at night by wearing a special pair of glasses.Adult $ 60.00 Child $ 30.00Viewing Platform Penguin Plus (+V)More personalized wildlife viewing limited to 130 people providing closer viewing of the penguin arrival than the main viewing stands.Adult $ 25.00 Child $ 12.50Penguin Skybox (+S)Join a group of only 5 in the comfort of a special, higher-up viewing tower. Gain an excellent overview of Summerland Beach.Adult 16 yrs + $ 50.0021．What kind of people is the text mainly written for?A．Scientists. B．Students. C．Tourists. D．Artists.22．What can we learn from the text about Little Penguins?A．They have been on Phillip Island for years.B．They keep a Guinness record for their size.C．They are trained to practice diving for visitors.D．They live in large groups to protect themselves.23．How much would a couple with one child pay for a closer viewing tour?A．$ 37.50. B．$ 62.50. C．$ 180.00. D．$ 150.00.BThe Come-back CoffeehouseThe sign in the window read "Carl's Coffee Shoppe," spelled the old-fashioned way. Hallie shook her head and wondered how many times she had suggested an alternative. She entered the shop and saw only one person."I could help with the books, Dad"，Hallie offered, "There's not much you could do." Her father signed. "How about if you clean the counters instead?" His statement made her feel like a little girl instead of a senior in high school. Hallie sprayed some cleanser and ran a cloth over the worn countertops. After she had washed a few of the oldeggshell-colored cups, she began her homework. At closing time, Hallie's parents sat beside her. "You know the shop has not been profitable lately," Mr. Rhodes began. "We need to decide if it is even worth keeping it open." "We're going to visit Uncle Harold over spring vacation." Mrs. Rhodes continued. "He can look over the books and tell us what our options are. You and Aunt Tess will run the shop for the week."By spring vacation Hallie was ready for an adventure. Hllie's parents gave some instructions, and said good-bye. Hallie stared absently out the window at the passersby: young people on their way to work, and kids on their school vacation. They were not the same people that her grandpa Carl had served. Suddenly Hallie had an idea. She confided in Aunt Tess, who approved. The two eagerly set to work. At the end of the week, Hallie was coming out from the kitchen when she saw her parents standing in the shop, confused. She smiled as her parents stared at the teens around the counter and the young families seated at the tables."Welcome back!" Hallie swept her arms to present the restaurant's cheerful new decoration. Bright, attractive coverings spread over the tables, and modern posters hung on the walls, while, colorful mismatched dishes contributed to the pleasant atmosphere."I brought board games from home," Hallie added excitedly, "and the bookstore down the street donated the posters. When we talked to our friends about what we were doing, they were happy to give us some dishes." Hallie held her breath as she waited for her parents' reaction."Everyone certainly seems to like the changes," noted Mrs. Rhodes. "Speaking of changes," Mr. Rhodes said, "I see our name has changed, too.""Do you mind? I changed our name to 'Come-Back Coffeehouse' to make the shop sound welcoming, as in 'Please come back again'..."A smile spread across her father's face. “The new name is fitting.” Thanks to you, this place certainly has made a comeback!"24. What can we infer from the first two paragraphs?A. Hallie trusted Aunt Tess very much.B. Hallie took charge of the books for her parents.C. Hallie's parents didn't take her opinions seriously.D. Hallie's parents didn't count on the shop for a living.25. What do we learn about "Carl's Coffee Shoppe"?A. It is behind the times.B. It has regular customers.C. It is located on a quiet street.D. It follows family traditions well.26. What did Hallie do after her parents left?A. She advertised for the shop.B. She made the shop more attractive.C. She invited her friends to the shop.D. She turned the shop into an activity center.27. What kind of girl is Hallie?A. Smart and helpful.B. Modest and out-going.C. Optimistic and generous.D. Faithful and hardworking.CThe death of languages is not a new phenomenon. Languages usually have a relatively short life span as well as a very high death rate. Only a few, including Egyptian, Chinese, Greek, Latin, have lasted more than 2,000 years.What is new, however, is the speed at which they are dying out. Europe’s colonial conquests caused a sharp decline in linguistic diversity, eliminating at least 15 percent of all languages spoken at the time. Over the last 300 years, Europe has lost a dozen, and Australia has only 20 left of the 250 spoken at the end of the 18th century. The rise of nation-states has also been decisive in selecting and consolidating national languages and sidelining others. By making great efforts to establish an official language in education, the media and the civil service, national governments have deliberately tried to eliminate minority languages.This process of linguistic standardization has been boosted by industrialization and scientific progress, which have imposed new methods of communication that are swift, straightforward and practical. Language diversity came to be seen as an obstacle to trade and the spread of knowledge. Monolingualism became an ideal.More recently, the internationalization of financial markets, the spread of information by electronic media and other aspects of globalization have intensified the threat to “small” languages. A language not on the Internet is a language that “no longer exists” in the modern world. It is out of the game.The serious effects of the death of languages are evident. First of all, it is possible that if we all ended up speaking the same language, our brains would lose some of their natural capacity for linguistic inventiveness. We would never be able to figure out the origins of human language or resolve the mystery of “the first language”. As each language dies, a chapter of human history closes.Multilingualism is the most accurate reflection of multiculturalism. The destruction of the first will inevitably lead to the loss of the second. Imposing a language without any links to a people’s culture and way of life stifles the expression of their collective genius. A language is not only used for the main instrument of human communication. It also expresses the world vision of those who speak it, their ways of using knowledge. To safeguard languages is an urgent matter.28. Which of the following does not contribute to the death of languages?A. Colonial conquests ofEuropeB. The boom of human populationC. Advances in science and industrializationD. The rise of nation-states29. The underlined word “ stifles” in the last paragraph probably means “_____”.A. boostsB.fuels C. imposes D. kills30. The serious effects of the death of languages include all except that_______.A. People would fail to understand how languages originatedB. Language diversity would become an obstacle to globalizationC. Monolingualism would lead to the loss of multiculturalismD. Human brains would become less creative linguistically31. What is the author’s purpose of writing this passage?A. To explain the reasons why languages are dying out.B. To warn people of the negative aspects of globalization.C. To call people’s attention to the urgency of language preservation.D. To argue how important it is for people to speak more languages.DOne in 20 people have been reprimanded (训斥) at work for sending an ill-advised email, according to a survey.Inappropriate jokes, angry messages sent in the heat of the moment, and scathing email replies forwarded to the wrong people are among some of the email gaffes that have landed office workers in hot water with their employers or clients.One in five of those questioned said they had sent an inappropriate email in the heat of the moment, while almost a third said they had accidentally hit “reply all” instead of “reply”.More than one in 10 of the 2,000 people surveyed admitted they hadmistakenly sent an email criticizing a colleague to the person they were insulting.According to the research, carried out to mark the DVD release of Going Postal, the television adaptati on of Terry Pratchett’s novel, men were more likely to make an email gaffe than women, with 28 per cent admitting to sending an ill-judged message, compared to 17 per cent of women.There have been a number of well-documented email gaffes. Last year, a worker at Deloitte had to resign after emailing colleagues asking them to name the best-looking man in the office, while in 2000, nine members of the Financial Services Authority were suspended after forwarding copies of explicit emails.32. Which takes up the highest percentage of the mistaken-sending?A. Sending an unwise email.B. Sending to a wrong person.C. Sending an unsuitable email.D. Sending to all instead of a particular one.33. Compared with women, men, in dealing with emails, are .A. more carelessB. more consciousC. more unreasonableD. more critical34. The underlined word “well-documented” in the last paragraph probably means “”.A. causing preventable problemsB. being copied without exceptionC. having been frequently recordedD. existing unexpectedly in people’s daily life35. What may be the best title for the text?A. Think before you sendB. Reduce email mistakesC. Be aware of the result of a surveyD. Make good use of modern technology第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

高二上期英语寒假习题卷2及答案(考试时间:120分钟总分:120分)注意事项：1、本试卷共分两部分，第Ⅰ卷为选择题，第Ⅱ卷为非选择题。

2、所有试题的答案均填写在答题纸上（选择题部分使用答题卡的学校请将选择题的答案直接填涂到答题卡上），答案写在试卷上的无效。

第I卷选择题（共85分）第一部分：听力理解(共两节，满分20分)第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. How will Betty go to work today?A. By bus.B. By bike.C. On foot.2. What’s the man interested in doing during his free time?A. Collecting stamps.B. Playing chess.C. Nothing but play.3. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. At a hospital.B. In a shop.C. At home.4. What is the possible relationship between the two speakers?A. Husband and wife.B. Mother and son.C. Friends.5. When will the next bus leave for Taizhou?A. In 25 minutes.B. In 30 minutes.C. In 15 minutes.第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

高二英语寒假作业（一）一．根据根据所给汉语提示写出单词，并使句意完整正确。

anization2. poisonous3. relationships4. hesitation5. preseveration6. prohibited7.management 8. effective 9. responding 10. determined二．选用所给短语的适当形式填空，使句意完整正确。

11.get along well with 12. kept his word 13. in public 14. are discouraged from 15.get through16. is based on 17. was determined to 18. stayed up 19. in advance 20.in trouble三、根据所给汉语意思，完成下列句子。

21.admitted having stolen 22. stand /put up with; shouting; crying 23. apoligized to; for 24. share with each other 25. strict with ; get into trouble26. It is difficult to get along with the narrow-minded persons.27. Jack used to be sheerful and easygoing. But since his fater’s death, he has been quiet.28.It’s not as good as his last book, but it’s definitely worth reading.29. He would rather die than betray his county to the enemy.30. We were determined that we should never allow such things to happen again.寒假作业（二）Reading Comprehension 1-3 ADD. 4-6 ABA The Bystander effect: ABCATeeth Grinding: Not Merely a Habit: 5.medical 6. dental 7. Stress 8. can be disrupted 9. unconsciously 10 The abnormal alignment 11. an abnormal structure 12. make contact 13. depend on/ are dependent upon 14. results from 15. teeth protection寒假作业（三）一、单项选择1-10 BCDCAABCDC 11-20. CDCBBDCBBD 21-25.BDDCB二、根据所给汉语意思完成句子。

（4）Unit 2 The Universal Language第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

AThe first Europeans came to America in 1492 with Christopher Columbus. Since that time people have come to America from all over the world, from Europe, Africa, and Asia, and they have brought their music with them. This mixing of people and music has created American music.Music is a very important part of our lives. Music is for dancing, drinking, eating, loving and thinking. Some songs remind us of our childhood or youth. Others remind of the people we love. Many important occasions, like weddings and funerals have special music. Every nation has a national song like the American The Star-Spangled Banner. In the US, high schools and colleges have school songs too.Music is a part of the history of America. It expresses the problems and feelings of its people.As the years pass, the music grows and changes.Modern science has also changed music. Inventions like records, radios, movies, electric instruments, tape recorders, and videos have changed the way we play and listen to music. They have helped to make music an important form of international communication.American music, from the earliest folk songs to modern "pop", is known around the world. Music is one of America's most important exports. It brings the people of the world together. Even when people cannot understand the same language, they can share the same music. Many people learn and practice English by singing songs, and understanding American music can help you understand American people. "Put a dime(10 cents) in the juke box(自动点唱机), baby." Let's listen to the music!1.The article mainly tells us about __________.A.how American music developedB.when American music developedC.what American music isD.why American music is so popular2.From the text we know that __________.A.American music is known all over the worldB.American music began in the 1550sC.American music is specialD.American music has changed modern science in the US3.American music is __________.A.for dancing, drinking, eating, loving and shoppingB.a mixture of people and music from all over the worldC.America's most important exportD.a part of the history of the worldBBarcelona's opera house has celebrated its reopening to the public since the coronavirus pandemic (新冠疫情) put the world into a huge horror, but their opening night had an unusual audience. For its first concert, the theatre refused the usual crowd of people and instead packed the house with plants. Yes, that's correct. All 2,292 seats at the Gran Teatre Liceu were occupied by green plants.The idea was conceived by artist Eugenio Ampudia and was broadcast live on the theatre's website. These lucky ficus trees, palms, and Swiss cheese plants—which were brought in by local nurseries(苗圃)—got the pleasure of hearing Puccini's Crisantemi performed by the UceLi Quartet string musical group.Ampudia hopes that his idea and the work will inspire people to think more deeply about their relationship with nature and the idea of sustainability(可持续性). "We are at the end of an era and that means that we have to change certain patterns," he shares. "We don't live in the same world as 90 days ago, and this means we have to reflect on everything that we do."As plants can respond to different vibrations(振动) caused by music, they certainly weren't a passive audience—even if they weren't able to give applause. Now that the concert is over, each plant will be given to a different frontline healthcare worker who helped guide the country through its battle with the coronavirus.The moving concert is a continuation of the Liceu's mission to create a dialogue between music and the visual arts. Pictures and a video of the performance taken by Ampudia will now become part of La Caixacon contemporary art collection.1.What was the special part of the concert?A.It had only 2,292 seats.B.It made the world fall in horror.C.It welcomed audience with plants to come.D.It gave plants opportunities to enjoy music.2.What does the underlined word "conceived" mean in the second paragraph?A.Hated.B.Enjoyed.C.Put forward.D.Turned down.3.Which statement may Eugenio Ampudia agree with?A.We didn't do very well in dealing with nature.B.The healthcare workers were more important.C.The plants should have the equal rights.D.We did everything in a wrong way.4.In which column(专栏) of a magazine can this text be read?A.Daily Hero.B.Teens' Life.C.New Technology.D.Art Around the World.CI like music. I think maybe most people like it as much as I do. I believe other people would have the same feeling towards music. For me, music can always make me feel happy and relaxed. Sometimes when I feel very depressed, or suffer setbacks, music can do its magic which helps me through the unpleasant mood. Music makes me feel quiet and peaceful. Furthermore, it has the power to revive my spirit. So I can imagine if there's no music in the world, how boring and colourless our world might be.There are so many different styles of music, such as pop, classical, rock, heavy metal and so on. Maybe we all have different tastes and like different styles. Even though music gives us different effects in different conditions, one thing can be ensured for us that music can help us release the pressure when we feel nervous or reduce pressures on our shoulders. And it can depurate(净化) our heart. When we feel happy, we can listen to some music which makes us happier; if we feel sad and frustrated, we can choose the music which gives us power and makes us refreshed. If we are introverted people, we can listen to the music which makes us more outgoing.Above all, I've stated so many effects of music. We have so many beautiful melodies in the world which could make our life more and more pleasant. So I think we should thank the people who create music, who use rhythms to express various feelings and things as we use articles and languages to express our thinking. So nice! They create the great music, while music makes our world even better. I love music forever!1.What is not the reason for the author's love for music?A.Music can always make the author feel happy and relaxed.B.Music helps the author go through the unpleasant mood.C.Music gives the author great imagination.D.Music makes the author feel quiet and peaceful.2.What can be ensured for us about different types of music?A.Everyone has the same taste and likes the same style.B.Music gives us a similar effect in many conditions.C.Music can help us to reduce our pressure.D.Music can sometimes hurt our heart.3.How can we understand the underlined word "introverted" in the second paragraph?A.Depressed.B.Delighted.C.Confused.D.Quiet and shy.4.What does the passage mainly talk about?A.Music can help us to be healthy.B.We can't live without music.C.There are many kinds of music in the world.D.Music makes our life pleasant.DDogs are our best friends. That's especially true after a disaster, such as an earthquake. When buildings fall down, search-and-rescue dogs help find trapped people. Dogs' amazing noses can pick up the smell of survivors. Now scientists have developed an electronic tool that does the same thing. It's taking smell detection(探测) to a whole new level.The new invention is a sort of electronic nose, which can detect extremely low levels of many compounds(化合物) from people's skin. This isn't the first time engineers have developed such an object. Earlier models, however, have been bulky and expensive. They could not detect low levels of target compounds either. The new one is inexpensive and small enough to fit inside hand-held equipment.The electronic nose can detect extremely slight smell of more than one compound at the same time. "Being able to do this, in such a small object, is the significant discovery," says Sotiris E. Pratsinis, Professor of Process Engineering and Materials Science at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich. His team tested it in special spaces. They were like the small spaces where people might be trapped. Chemicals given off by the volunteers built up inside. The electronicequipment detected those compounds at unbelievably low levels.The results were good news for the research team. But they may be not for our four-legged friends, who could soon be out of a job. "Ideally, this technology could replace search-and-rescue dogs," Pratsinis says.Stephen Taylor, an electrical engineer, agrees that the new technology has some benefits over dogs. Still, he thinks it may be too soon to have our trusty friends retire. He suspects, "I foresee that such an object could add to the fine work done by the dogs." Taylor also points out some potential limitations of the new invention. "E-noses are useful, but can be very likely to be affected by unstable readings and interruption," he says.1.Why does the author talk about dogs at the beginning?A.To catch the readers' attention.B.To introduce the topic about e-noses.C.To show what search-and-rescue dogs do.D.To add background information for discussion.2.Which of the following best explains "bulky" underlined in Paragraph 2?plex.B.Fragile.C.Handy.rge.3.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?A.What e-noses' working principle is.B.How e-noses are made.C.What differences between dogs and e-noses are.D.How powerful e-noses are.4.What does Stephen Taylor mean?A.Dogs and e-noses could work together.B.Search-and-rescue dogs will retire soon.C.E-noses are more reliable than noses of dogs.D.Dogs are better at finding out trapped people. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

高二上学期英语寒假作业姓名：__________________ Refer to English-English dictionary and write down the English explanation(s) of the following words or phrases.abolish vt. to officially get rid of a law, system, practice etcadvantage n. something that makes one person or thing more likely to succeed than others; benefit analyse vt. to examine something to understand or explain itanalyst n. one whose job is to examine a situation event etc to provide others with information application n. a formal request for permission to do or have somethingapply vt. to make a formal request for permission to do or have somethingattempt v. to make an effort or try to do somethingn. an effort or a try to do somethingavailable adj. able to be attained, taken or usedbackground n. the type of family, social position, or culture that someone comes fromcelebrate v. to do something enjoyable in order to show that an occasion or event is specialcombine v. to bring or put something togethercompare v. 1) to consider how people are different and how they are similar2) to say that one thing or person is similar to anothercondition n. the physical state of somethingconfiscate vt. to officially remove someone’s possessions for legal reasons or as a punishment confusing adj. difficult to understandcontract n. a written legal agreement between two people or businesses that says what each must do for the other or give to the othercrawl vi. to move slowly on the hands and knees along the groundcreate vt. to make something new or original that did not exist beforecriticize vt. to say what you think is wrong or bad about somethingcurious adj. wanting to know about something; inquisitivedeclare v. to make known formally or officiallydemand n. a firm statement that you want somethingv. to say in a very firm way that you want somethingdetermined adj. not willing to let anything prevent you from doing what you have decided to do disturb vt. to interrupt and stop them from continuing what they were doing; to upset and worry someone a lotdouble vi. to make twice as big, much or as manyearn vt. to receive money from work you doelegant adj. graceful and attractiveencounter n. a meeting, especially one that is unplanned, unexpectedv. to meet, especially unexpectedlyendanger vt. to expose to harm or dangerestablish vt. to set up; foundexception n. someone or something that is different from other people or things and so can’t be included in a groupextend vt. to continue fro a particular distance or in a particular direction; to increase the size or length of somethingextinct adj. no longer existing or livingforce vt. to make somebody do something that they do not want to do, especially by threatening themP1freedom n. the right to do what you want, make your own decisions and express your own opinionsfreeze vi. to become ice from coldfright n. sudden, intense fear, scareguarantee vt. to make it certain that something will certainly happen or be donehabitat n. the natural home of a plant or animalideal adj. of the best or suitable type; as good as you can imagineimport vt. to bring or carry in from a foreign country for trade or sale.intellectual adj. relating to the ability to think in an intelligent way to understand things; well educated and interested in art, science, literature etc at an advanced levelinvolve vt. to contain as a part; includelay vt. 1) to put something or someone down in a careful way2) to produces the egg by pushing it from its body3) to prepare a table for a meal by putting forks, knives, spoons, dishes etc on itlinguist n. someone who studies and speaks a lot of languages; someone who teaches or studies linguisticslie vi. to be in a position in which your body is flat on a surface; to deliberately say something that is not truemake a difference: to have an effect onmake up 1）to invent an explanation for something to avoid being punished or embarrassed 2）to invent a story, poem etc3）to put powder, lipstick, etc. on sb.’s face to make it more attractivememory n. something that you remembermission n. an aim that is very important to a person or organizationmonitor vt. to regularly check something or watch somebody to find out what is happeningmurderer n. a person who has killed sb. deliberately or illegallyoffer vi. to let someone know that you will give them something if they want it; to provide something omit vt. to fail to include someone or somethingorigin n. the place or moment where something begins to existoutline n. an explanation that includes the general points about something, but not the detailspanic vt. to have a sudden, strong feeling of fear or worry that makes you unable to think clearly or calmlyn. a sudden, strong feeling of fear or worry that makes you unable to think clearly or calmlyparade n. a public celebration in which a large group of people move throug an areaperform vi. to complete an action or activity ;to play a role or show a skill before an audience permanent adj. Happening or existing for a long time or for all time in the futurepoacher n. one who illegally catches or kills animals, birds, or fish on the property of anotherpour vi. to rain hard or heavilypresent vt. 1）to give something to someone officially2）to show or display in a particular way so that people have a particular opinion about them3）to offer something for people to consider or judgeadj. existing or happening nowpretend vi. to behave in a particular way to let someone believe that something is true when it is not true protect vt. to keep from harm, injury, damage or lossprotest vi. to disagree stronglypurchase vt. buy.P2qualified adj.able to do something because you have the knowledge, skill, or experience that is needed queue vi. to wait in a queue/ a lineraid n.a sudden surprise attackvt.to use force to enter a place in order to search for somethingremark n. a few words that give the facts or your opinion about somethingrequire vt. to need someone or somethingresemble vt. to be similar to someone or something, especially in appearance [never passive]reserve n. an area of land where wild animal or plants are officially protectedvt. to keep something for future use; to keep something for a particular person; to make an arrangement for a room in a hotel or a seat in a theatrerespect vt. to feel admiration for someone because of their personalities, achievements, or statusn. an feeling of admiration for someone because of their personalities, achievements, or statussalary n. a fixed amount of money that you earn each month or year for your jobscore v to get a point in a game or sport; to achieve a particular amount, level in a testsheer adj. very steepshelter n. something that provides cover or protectionsign vt. to write your name on something to show your agreementsimplify vt. to make less complicated or easiersolve vt. to find a solution/ way to somethingspecific adj. exact and detailedstaff n. the people who work for a particular company, organization or situationstandard adj. made or done according to accepted or approved principles of quality or good behavioursteadily adv. Gradually developing, not changing, reliable/ sensible; lasting a long timestruggle n. an attempt to do something that takes a lot of effort over a period of timevi. to try hard to do something that you find very difficultsuffer vi. to feel pain; to experience something very unpleasant or painful; to become worse or less successful take…for granted: to expect something always to happen or exist or someone to do something naturallywithout feeling gratefultransport vt. to move people or things from one place to another, usually in a vehicleultimate adj. happening at the end of a process: eventual; as good or as bad as possibleunite vt. to join and work together to achieve a particular goalvariety n. a collection or number of people, things, ideas etc that are all different from one another; a type of plant vertical adj. upright, straight upvolunteer n. someone who is not paid for the work that they dowander vi. to move or travel about without purpose or destinationwhistle n. to make a tune or musical notes by forcing air through your mouthwildlife n. [U] animals, birds and plants that live in natural conditionsworth adj. valuable in money; good enough to do somethingP3Book 6abandon v. leave behindabsence n. the state of being awayabsorb vt. to take in a gas, a liquid or other substance; to learn and understand new factsaccompany vt. to go with someone to a place or eventaccumulate v. to get more and more of something over a period of timeacute adj. very serious or severeadjust v. to change something slightly to make it better, more accurate, or more effectiveadvance adj. done, obtained or announced before a particular time or eventalarm n. fear or alarm that something unpleasant or dangerous might happenalien adj. completely different from what you usually do; from a different country, race or cultureambition n. strong desire for success, or achievementanniversary n. the date when you celebrate something that happens in some previous year that is important for you apologise v. to tell someone that you are sorry for doing something wrong or causing a problemapology n. a statement to tell someone that you are sorry for doing something wrong or causing a problem appeal n. a quality that something has that makes people like it or want itattain v. to achieve or accomplish (a task, goal, aim, etc)awake adj. not sleepingawkward adj. difficult to deal with and embarrassing; not comfortable, relaxed or confidentbehave v. to do something in a particular way; to be polite and not be rude or cause troublebelong to to be owned by someone; to be a member of an organization or clubbend v. to be curved or folded and not straightbeneficial adj. causing a good result or having a good effect; advantageousbetray v. to aid an enemy of (one's nation, friend, etc);be allergic to: to be sick or your skin becomes red or swollen because you eat something or touch somethingbe ashamed of: to feel guilty, disappointed, upset or embarrassed because you have done something wrongbe aware of: to know about or notice a situation or a fact;be blessed with: to be lucky withbe identical to: to be exactly the samebe nervous about:to feel excited and worried, slightly afraidbe nostalgic for: to feel a little sad about the good old daysbe on good terms with: get along well withbe restricted to: limited or controledbite v. to use teech to cut or break somethingbreak down 1) to stop working;2) to stop being successful3) to lose control of one’s feeling especially in publicbreathe v. to take air into your lungs through your nose or mouth and let it out againbrunch n. a meal eaten late in the morning, combining breakfast with lunchcautious adj. careful to avoid danger or problemschaos n. a situation in which everything is confused and in a messP4characteristic n.particular quality or feature that is typical of someone or somethingcharm v. to give someone pleasure or enjoyment; to deliberately make someone like youchase v. to quickly follow someone or something in order to catch them: pursuecheer up: to make someone feel happier or less sadcircumstance n.[C usually plural]: the facts or conditions that affects a situationcivilian n. anyone who is not a member of the army, navy, air force, or policecoincidence n.a surprising and unexpected situation in which separate things happen at the same time combine v. put or add togethercompulsory adj. required by a rule or lawcondemn v.to say publicly that you think someone or something is wrongconfidential adj. being kept secretconfront v. to deal with a difficult situationconsiderate adj. thinking about the needs and feelings of other peoplecontrast v. to compare two things in order to show how they are differentcontroversial adj. causing a lot of disagreement or disapprovalcourage n.the ability that enables you to face danger or pain without showing fearcure v.t o provide a cure for, make healthy againcurriculum n. the subjects that students study at a particular school or collegedefine v. to describe clearly and exactly what something isdeposit n. an amount of money that is paid into a bank accountdepress v. to make someone feel unhappy and disappointed and want to stop trying to achieve thingsdespite prep. used for saying that something happens even though something might have prevented it; in spite of disgust v. to make you feel angry and upset or physically illdistribute v. t o give something such as food, clothes, or money to a group of peopledivorce n. t he legal way of ending of a marriagev.to take legal action to end a marriagedoubt n.a feeling of not being certain of somethingv. to think that something is probably not true or does not existdrown v. to sink under water and dieeccentric adj. behaving in slightly strange or unusual waysecho v. if a noise echoes, it is repeated because the sound hits a surface and returnsembassy n. the building where the officials who represent their government in a foreign country encourage v. to give someone courage, confidence and hope to do somethingentice v. to persuade someone to do something by offering them an advantage or rewardexclaim v. to say something suddenly and loudly, especially because you are surprised, impressed or in pain exhaustion n. a feeling of being extremely tired and without energyfiancée n. the woman you are engaged to and are going to get married toflee v. to run away or escape from a dangerous situation or place quicklyflesh n. the soft part of the body of a person or animal that is between the skin and bonesflexible adj. able to make changes or deal with a situation that is changingforgive v. to decide that you will not be angry with someone who has done something wrongfunction n.the purpose that something is made for, or the job that someone doesfundamental adj. essential to the existence, development or success of somethingP5function n. the purpose that something is made for, or the job that someone doesfundamental adj. very necessary and important as a part of somethinggenetic adj. of or relating to or produced by or being a genegenuine adj. not fake, real; sincerehandy adj. easy to useheritage n. important qualities, customs and traditions that have been in a society for a long timehesitate v. pause before saying or doing somethinghospitable adj. friendly, welcoming and generous to visitorsindentical adj. exactly alikeimagine n. to form a picture or idea in the mind about what something could be likeimmigration n. the process of entering another country in order to live thereincredible adj. too strange to be believed or very difficult to believeinformal adj. relaxed and friendly without being restricted by rules of correct behaviourinquisitive adj. asking too many questions; interested in a lot of different things and wanting to find out more insert v. put something into or inside something elseinterpersonal adj. involving relations between peopleinterpret v. to change words spoken in one language into another language; to explain the meaning of something interval n. the period of time between two events, activities etcinvade v. to enter a country, town or area using military force in order to take control of itinvisible adj. impossible to be seenlack v. to not have something that you need, or not have enough of itleave out to not includemagical adj. possessing or using magic, supernatural powers; very enjoyable exciting or romanticmarry v. to become someone’s husband or wifemature adj. grown up or fully developedmemorable adj. worth rememberingmention v. to talk about; make reference tomess n. a state of confusion and disorderlinessmodest adj. unwilling to talk proudly about one’s abilities and achievementsmoody adj. easily becoming annoyed or unhappynationality n. the legal right of belonging to a particular countrynonsense n. stupid or untrue ideas, opinions or statementsobligation n. [+to] a moral or legal duty to do somethingoccupy v. to enter and keep control of a place; to live or stay in a placeopportunity n. a chance to do something or an occasion when it is easy for you to do somethingoptional adj. possible but not necessary; left to personal choiceoutspoken adj. expressing yourself freely or honestlyovercome v. win a victory over; to controlperfect adj. of the very best possible kind or standardperfume n. a liquid that has a strong pleasant smellpersonnel n. the people who work in a company or organization, or in the armyP6possess v. to own, havepredict v. to say that something will happenpregnant adj. having an unborn baby growing inside one’s bodyprivilege n. a special advantage that is only given to a person or group of peoplepsychologist n. a scientist trained in psychologypsychology n. the study of the mind and how it workspunish v. to make someone suffer because they have done something wrong or broken the lawpurpose n. the thing that an event, process or activity is supposed to achievequarrel v& n. an angry argument; to have an argumentraise v. 1）to move or lift something to a higher position2）to increase an amount, number; to improve3）to look after and bring uprefuse v. to say or to show that you will not do something that someone has asked you to doregret v. feel sad about something that has happenedregulate v. to control an activity, process or industry officially by using rules; to control the way your body works relax v. become calmrelay v. to put something back in its correct positionrelief n. relax happy feeling; reduction of pain etcrely on to trust somebody; to depend onreproduce v. make a copy of something; to have babies or produce young animals or plantsrescue v. to save someone from a dangerous or unpleasant situationresist v. to stop yourself from doing something that you would very much like to do; to oppose or fight against; to not be affected or harmed by somethingretreat v. to avoid a dangerous, unpleasant, or embarrassing situation, especially by moving away from itreunite v. to bring people together again after they have no seen each other for a period of timerevenge v. to hurt or punish someone because thy have hurt you or someone elserewind v. to make a tape go backwards to the beginning or to an earlier placeripen v. to become ripesacrifice n. the act of giving up something important or valuablev. to give up something important or valuablescold v. to criticize someone severely and usually angrily for something they have done wrongscramble v. to climb with difficultyscratch v. to rub with your nails; damage surfacesecretive adj. deliberately not telling people thingssenseless adj. happening or done for no purpose; unconscioussharpen v. to make sharp or sharpershow off to behave to attract people’s attention and make them admire yousigh v. to breathe out slowly making a long soft sound, especially because you are disappointed, tired, annoyed or relaxedsignify v. to be a sign or symbol of something; to do something to communicate a message or meaningsniff v. to smell somethingsow v. place (seeds) in or on the ground for future growthspit v. to force saliva out from the mouthspotted adj. decorated or covered with a pattern of spots; covered with dirty marksP7status n. someone’s position in a profession or society, especially compared to other peoplestiffly adv. In a way that you can’t move your body easilystony adj. covered with stones or containing stonesstubborn adj. not willing to change your opinion or attitudesubtle adj. not obvious and therefore difficult to noticesurrender v. to say officially that you have been defeated and will stop fightingsurvivor n. 1. someone or something that still exists after an event that could have destroyed or killed themsuspect n. someone who the police believe may have committed a crimeswell v. to become larger than normal, usually because of liquid collecting insideswing v. move backwards and forwards or from side to sidesystematic adj. done according to a careful plan and in a thorough waytake the lead: to start firsttarget n. an object that you have to hit in a game or sport; something that you try to achievetease v. to make jokes and laugh at someone in order to have fun by embarrassing themterrify v. to make someone very frightenedtheft n. the crime of stealingtread v. to walk or step on something carefullytwisting adj. turning or bendingunload v. to take goods off a vehicleunzip v. to open the zipper ofupbringing n. the care and training that parents give their children when they are growing uputterly adv. completely, often used for emphasizing how bad someone or something isvacant adj. empty or available for someone to usevalid adj. legally accepted; reasonable and generally acceptedvanish v. to disappear suddenly and mysteriouslyvice n. extremely bad and immoral behaviourviolate v. to do something against a low, agreement, principle etcviolence n. violent behaviour; extreme natural force, often causing great damagevirtue n. a good quality or habit that a person has, especially a moral one such as honesty or loyalty voluntary adj. of your own free will; not forced or have towariness n. the act of being cautious and watchfulweary v. physically and mentally tiredwicked adj. morally wrong and deliberately intending to hurt peopleworthwhile adj. being worth the time, effort, or money you spend on itwrinkled adj. having wrinkles on the skinyawn v. to open your moth wide and breathe in deeply, usually because you are tired or boredyell v. to say something in a loud voice, or to make a loud noise because you are angry, excited, afraid, or in pain。

高二上学期寒假作业答案全高二上学期英语寒假作业姓名：__________________Refer to English-English dictionary and write down the English explanation(s) of the following words or phrases.abolish vt. to officially get rid of a law, system, practice etcadvantage n. something that makes one person or thing more likely to succeed than others; benefit analyse vt. to examine something to understand or explain itanalyst n. one whose job is to examine a situation event etc to provide others with information application n. a formal request for permission to do or have something apply vt. to make a formal request for permission to do or have somethingattempt v. to make an effort or try to do something n. an effort or a try to do somethingavailable adj. able to be attained, taken or used background n. the type of family, social position, or culture that someone comes fromcelebrate v. to do something enjoyable in order to show that an occasion or event is specialcombine v. to bring or put something together compare v. 1) to consider how people are different and how they are similar2) to say that one thing or person is similar to another condition n. the physical state of something confiscate vt. to officially remove someone’s possessions for legal reasons or as a punishment confusing adj. difficult to understandcontract n. a written legal agreement between two people or businesses that says what each must do for the other or give to the othercrawl vi. to move slowly on the hands and knees along the groundcreate vt. to make something new or original that did not exist beforecriticize vt. to say what you think is wrong or bad about somethingcurious adj. wanting to know about something; inquisitivedeclare v. to make known formally or officiallydemand n. a firm statement that you want something v. to say in a very firm way that you want something determined adj. not willing to let anything prevent you from doing what you have decided to do disturb vt. to interrupt and stop them from continuing what they were doing; to upset and worry someone a lot double vi. to make twice as big, much or as many earn vt. to receive money from work you doelegant adj. graceful and attractiveencounter n. a meeting, especially one that is unplanned, unexpectedv. to meet, especially unexpectedlyendanger vt. to expose to harm or dangerestablish vt. to set up; foundexception n. someone or something that is different from other people or things and so can’t be included in a groupextend vt. to continue fro a particular distance or in a particular direction; to increase the size or length of somethingextinct adj. no longer existing or livingforce vt. to make somebody do something that they donot want to do, especially by threatening themP1freedom n. the right to do what you want, make your own decisions and express your own opinionsfreeze vi. to become ice from coldfright n. sudden, intense fear, scareguarantee vt. to make it certain that something will certainly happen or be donehabitat n. the natural home of a plant or animalideal adj. of the best or suitable type; as good as you can imagineimport vt. to bring or carry in from a foreign country for trade or sale.intellectual adj. relating to the ability to think in an intelligent way to understand things; well educated and interested in art, science, literature etc at an advanced levelinvolve vt. to contain as a part; includelay vt. 1) to put something or someone down in a careful way2) to produces the egg by pushing it from its body3) to prepare a table for a meal by putting forks, knives,spoons, dishes etc on itlinguist n. someone who studies and speaks a lot of languages; someone who teaches or studies linguistics lie vi. to be in a position in which your body is flat on a surface; to deliberately say something that is not true make a difference: to have an effect onmake up 1）to invent an explanation for something to avoid being punished or embarrassed 2）to invent a story, poem etc3）to put powder, lipstick, etc. on sb.’s face to make it more attractivememory n. something that you remembermission n. an aim that is very important to a person or organizationmonitor vt. to regularly check something or watch somebody to find out what is happeningmurderer n. a person who has killed sb. deliberately or illegallyoffer vi. to let someone know that you will give them something if they want it; to provide something omit vt. to fail to include someone or somethingorigin n. the place or moment where something beginsto existoutline n. an explanation that includes the general points about something, but not the detailspanic vt. to have a sudden, strong feeling of fear or worry that makes you unable to think clearly or calmly n. a sudden, strong feeling of fear or worry that makes you unable to think clearly or calmlyparade n. a public celebration in which a large group of people move throug an areaperform vi. to complete an action or activity ;to play a role or show a skill before an audience permanent adj. Happening or existing for a long time or for all time in the futurepoacher n. one who illegally catches or kills animals, birds, or fish on the property of anotherpour vi. to rain hard or heavilypresent vt. 1）to give something to someone officially 2）to show or display in a particular way so that people have a particular opinion about them3）to offer something for people to consider or judge adj. existing or happening nowpretend vi. to behave in a particular way to let someonebelieve that something is true when it is not true protect vt. to keep from harm, injury, damage or loss protest vi. to disagree stronglypurchase vt. buy.P2qualified adj.able to do something because you have the knowledge, skill, or experience that is needed queue vi. to wait in a queue/ a lineraid n.a sudden surprise attackuse force to enter a place in order to search for somethingremark n. a few words that give the facts or your opinion about somethingrequire vt. to need someone or somethingresemble vt. to be similar to someone or something, especially in appearance [never passive]reserve n. an area of land where wild animal or plants are officially protectedvt. to keep something for future use; to keep something for a particular person; to make an arrangement for a room in a hotel or a seat in a theatre respect vt. to feel admiration for someone because oftheir personalities, achievements, or statusn. an feeling of admiration for someone because of their personalities, achievements, or statussalary n. a fixed amount of money that you earn each month or year for your jobscore v to get a point in a game or sport; to achieve a particular amount, level in a testsheer adj. very steepshelter n. something that provides cover or protection sign vt. to write your name on something to show your agreementsimplify vt. to make less complicated or easiersolve vt. to find a solution/ way to something specific adj. exact and detailedstaff n. the people who work for a particular company, organization or situationstandard adj. made or done according to accepted or approved principles of quality or good behaviour steadily adv. Gradually developing, not changing, reliable/ sensible; lasting a long timestruggle n. an attempt to do something that takes a lot of effort over a period of timevi. to try hard to do something that you find very difficultsuffer vi. to feel pain; to experience something very unpleasant or painful; to become worse or less successful take…for granted: to expect something always to happen or exist or someone to do something naturally without feeling gratefultransport vt. to move people or things from one place to another, usually in a vehicleultimate adj. happening at the end of a process: eventual; as good or as bad as possibleunite vt. to join and work together to achieve a particular goalvariety n. a collection or number of people, things, ideas etc that are all different from one another; a type of plant vertical adj. upright, straight upvolunteer n. someone who is not paid for the work that they dowander vi. to move or travel about without purpose or destinationwhistle n. to make a tune or musical notes by forcing air through your mouthwildlife n. [U] animals, birds and plants that live innatural conditionsworth adj. valuable in money; good enough to do somethingP3Book 6abandon v. leave behindabsence n. the state of being awayabsorb vt. to take in a gas, a liquid or other substance; to learn and understand new factsaccompany vt. to go with someone to a place or event accumulate v. to get more and more of something over a period of timeacute adj. very serious or severeadjust v. to change something slightly to make it better, more accurate, or more effectiveadvance adj. done, obtained or announced before a particular time or eventalarm n. fear or alarm that something unpleasant or dangerous might happenalien adj. completely different from what you usually do; from a different country, race or cultureambition n. strong desire for success, or achievementanniversary n. the date when you celebrate something that happens in some previous year that is important for you apologise v. to tell someone that you are sorry for doing something wrong or causing a problem apology n. a statement to tell someone that you are sorry for doing something wrong or causing a problem appeal n. a quality that something has that makes people like it or want itattain v. to achieve or accomplish (a task, goal, aim, etc) awake adj. not sleepingawkward adj. difficult to deal with and embarrassing; not comfortable, relaxed or confidentbehave v. to do something in a particular way; to be polite and not be rude or cause troublebelong to to be owned by someone; to be a member of an organization or clubbend v. to be curved or folded and not straight beneficial adj. causing a good result or having a good effect; advantageousbetray v. to aid an enemy of (one's nation, friend, etc); be allergic to: to be sick or your skin becomes red or swollen because you eat something or touchsomething4be ashamed of: to feel guilty, disappointed, upset or embarrassed because you have done something wrong be aware of: to know about or notice a situation or a fact;be blessed with: to be lucky withbe identical to: to be exactly the samebe nervous about:to feel excited and worried, slightly afraidbe nostalgic for: to feel a little sad about the good old daysbe on good terms with: get along well withbe restricted to: limited or controledbite v. to use teech to cut or break somethingbreak down 1) to stop working;2) to stop being successful3) to lose control of one’s feeling especially in public breathe v. to take air into your lungs through your nose or mouth and let it out againbrunch n. a meal eaten late in the morning, combining breakfast with lunchcautious adj. careful to avoid danger or problemschaos n. a situation in which everything is confused and in a messP4characteristic n.particular quality or feature that is typical of someone or somethingcharm v. to give someone pleasure or enjoyment; to deliberately make someone like youchase v. to quickly follow someone or something in order to catch them: pursuecheer up: to make someone feel happier or less sad circumstance n.[C usually plural]: the facts or conditions that affects a situationcivilian n. anyone who is not a member of the army, navy, air force, or policecoincidence n.a surprising and unexpected situation in which separate things happen at the same time combine v. put or add togethercompulsory adj. required by a rule or lawcondemn v.to say publicly that you think someone or something is wrongconfidential adj. being kept secretconfront v. to deal with a difficult situationconsiderate adj. thinking about the needs and feelings of other peoplecontrast v. to compare two things in order to show how they are differentcontroversial adj. causing a lot of disagreement or disapprovalcourage n.the ability that enables you to face danger or pain without showing fearcure v.t o provide a cure for, make healthy again curriculum n. the subjects that students study at a particular school or collegedefine v. to describe clearly and exactly what something isdeposit n. an amount of money that is paid into a bank accountdepress v. to make someone feel unhappy and disappointed and want to stop trying to achieve things despite prep. used for saying that something happens even though something might have prevented it; in spite of disgust v. to make you feel angry and upset or physically illdistribute v. t o give something such as food, clothes,or money to a group of peopledivorce n. t he legal way of ending of a marriagev.to take legal action to end a marriagedoubt n.a feeling of not being certain of something v. to think that something is probably not true or does not existdrown v. to sink under water and dieeccentric adj. behaving in slightly strange or unusual waysecho v. if a noise echoes, it is repeated because the sound hits a surface and returnsembassy n. the building where the officials who represent their government in a foreign country encourage v. to give someone courage, confidence and hope to do somethingentice v. to persuade someone to do something by offering them an advantage or rewardexclaim v. to say something suddenly and loudly, especially because you are surprised, impressed or in pain exhaustion n. a feeling of being extremely tired and without energyfiancée n. the woman you are engaged to and aregoing to get married toflee v. to run away or escape from a dangerous situation or place quicklyflesh n. the soft part of the body of a person or animal that is between the skin and bonesflexible adj. able to make changes or deal with a situation that is changingforgive v. to decide that you will not be angry with someone who has done something wrongfunction n.the purpose that something is made for, or the job that someone doesfundamental adj. essential to the existence, development or success of somethingP5function n. the purpose that something is made for, or the job that someone doesfundamental adj. very necessary and important as a part of somethinggenetic adj. of or relating to or produced by or being a genegenuine adj. not fake, real; sincerehandy adj. easy to useheritage n. important qualities, customs and traditions that have been in a society for a long timehesitate v. pause before saying or doing something hospitable adj. friendly, welcoming and generous to visitorsindentical adj. exactly alikeimagine n. to form a picture or idea in the mind about what something could be likeimmigration n. the process of entering another country in order to live thereincredible adj. too strange to be believed or very difficult to believeinformal adj. relaxed and friendly without being restricted by rules of correct behaviourinquisitive adj. asking too many questions; interested in a lot of different things and wanting to find out more insert v. put something into or inside something elseinterpersonal adj. involving relations between people interpret v. to change words spoken in one language into another language; to explain the meaning of something interval n. the period of time between twoevents, activities etcinvade v. to enter a country, town or area using military force in order to take control of itinvisible adj. impossible to be seenlack v. to not have something that you need, or not have enough of itleave out to not includemagical adj. possessing or using magic, supernatural powers; very enjoyable exciting or romanticmarry v. to become someone’s husband or wife mature adj. grown up or fully developed memorable adj. worth rememberingmention v. to talk about; make reference tomess n. a state of confusion and disorderliness modest adj. unwilling to talk proudly about one’s abilities and achievementsmoody adj. easily becoming annoyed or unhappy nationality n. the legal right of belonging to a particular countrynonsense n. stupid or untrue ideas, opinions or statementsobligation n. [+to] a moral or legal duty to do somethingoccupy v. to enter and keep control of a place; to live or stay in a placeopportunity n. a chance to do something or an occasion when it is easy for you to do something optional adj. possible but not necessary; left to personal choiceoutspoken adj. expressing yourself freely or honestly overcome v. win a victory over; to controlperfect adj. of the very best possible kind or standard perfume n. a liquid that has a strong pleasant smell personnel n. the people who work in a company or organization, or in the armyP6possess v. to own, havepredict v. to say that something will happen pregnant adj. having an unborn baby growing inside one’s bodyprivilege n. a special advantage that is only given to a person or group of peoplepsychologist n. a scientist trained in psychology psychology n. the study of the mind and how it works punish v. to make someone suffer because they havedone something wrong or broken the lawpurpose n. the thing that an event, process or activity is supposed to achievequarrel v& n. an angry argument; to have an argument raise v. 1）to move or lift something to a higher position 2）to increase an amount, number; to improve3）to look after and bring uprefuse v. to say or to show that you will not do something that someone has asked you to doregret v. feel sad about something that has happened regulate v. to control an activity, process or industry officially by using rules; to control the way your body works relax v. become calmrelay v. to put something back in its correct position relief n. relax happy feeling; reduction of pain etcrely on to trust somebody; to depend onreproduce v. make a copy of something; to have babies or produce young animals or plantsrescue v. to save someone from a dangerous or unpleasant situationresist v. to stop yourself from doing something that you would very much like to do; to oppose or fightagainst; to not be affected or harmed by something retreat v. to avoid a dangerous, unpleasant, or embarrassing situation, especially by moving away from itreunite v. to bring people together again after they have no seen each other for a period of time revenge v. to hurt or punish someone because thy have hurt you or someone elserewind v. to make a tape go backwards to the beginning or to an earlier placeripen v. to become ripesacrifice n. the act of giving up something important or valuablev. to give up something important or valuablescold v. to criticize someone severely and usually angrily for something they have done wrong scramble v. to climb with difficultyscratch v. to rub with your nails; damage surface secretive adj. deliberately not telling people things senseless adj. happening or done for no purpose; unconscioussharpen v. to make sharp or sharpershow off to behave to attract people’s attention and make them admire yousigh v. to breathe out slowly making a long soft sound, especially because you are disappointed, tired, annoyed or relaxedsignify v. to be a sign or symbol of something; to do something to communicate a message or meaning sniff v. to smell somethingsow v. place (seeds) in or on the ground for future growthspit v. to force saliva out from the mouthspotted adj. decorated or covered with a pattern of spots; covered with dirty marksP7status n. someone’s position in a profession or society, especially compared to other peoplestiffly adv. In a way that you can’t move your body easilystony adj. covered with stones or containing stones stubborn adj. not willing to change your opinion or attitudesubtle adj. not obvious and therefore difficult to noticesurrender v. to say officially that you have been defeated and will stop fightingsurvivor n. 1. someone or something that still exists after an event that could have destroyed or killed them suspect n. someone who the police believe may have committed a crimeswell v. to become larger than normal, usually because of liquid collecting insideswing v. move backwards and forwards or from side to sidesystematic adj. done according to a careful plan and in a thorough waytake the lead: to start firsttarget n. an object that you have to hit in a game or sport; something that you try to achievetease v. to make jokes and laugh at someone in order to have fun by embarrassing themterrify v. to make someone very frightenedtheft n. the crime of stealingtread v. to walk or step on something carefully twisting adj. turning or bendingunload v. to take goods off a vehicleunzip v. to open the zipper ofupbringing n. the care and training that parents give their children when they are growing uputterly adv. completely, often used for emphasizing how bad someone or something isvacant adj. empty or available for someone to use valid adj. legally accepted; reasonable and generally acceptedvanish v. to disappear suddenly and mysteriouslyvice n. extremely bad and immoral behaviourviolate v. to do something against a low, agreement, principle etcviolence n. violent behaviour; extreme natural force, often causing great damagevirtue n. a good quality or habit that a person has, especially a moral one such as honesty or loyalty voluntary adj. of your own free will; not forced or have towariness n. the act of being cautious and watchful weary v. physically and mentally tiredwicked adj. morally wrong and deliberately intending to hurt peopleworthwhile adj. being worth the time, effort, or money you spend on itwrinkled adj. having wrinkles on the skinyawn v. to open your moth wide and breathe in deeply, usually because you are tired or boredyell v. to say something in a loud voice, or to make a loud noise because you are angry, excited, afraid, or in pain。