因特网发展简史(英文版)

I n t e r n e t的发展历史中英文文件编码（TTU-UITID-GGBKT-POIU-WUUI-0089）THE HISTORY OF THE INTERNETThe Beginning - ARPAnetThe Internet started as a project by the US government. The object of the project was to create a means of communications between long distance points, in the event of a nation wide emergency or, more specifically, nuclear war. The project was called ARPAnet, and it is what the Internet started as. Funded specifically for military communication, the engineers responsible for ARPANet had no idea of the possibilities of an "Internet."By definition, an 'Internet' is four or more computers connected by a network.ARPAnet achieved its network by using a protocol called TCP/IP. The basics around this protocol was that if information sent over a network failed to get through on one route, it would find another route to work with, as well as establishing a means for one computer to "talk" to another computer, regardless of whether it was a PC or aMacintosh.By the 80's ARPAnet, just years away from becoming the more well known Internet, had 200 computers. The Defense Department, satisfied with ARPAnets results, decided to fully adopt it into service, and connected many military computers and resources into the network. ARPAnet then had 562 computers on its network. By the year 1984, it had over 1000 computers on its network.In 1986 ARPAnet (supposedly) shut down, but only the organization shutdown, and the existing networks still existed between the more than 1000computers. It shut down due to a failied link up with NSF, who wanted toconnect its 5 countywide super computers into ARPAnet.With the funding of NSF, new high speed lines were successfully installedat line speeds of 56k (a normal modem nowadays) through telephone linesin 1988. By that time, there were 28,174 computers on the (by then decided) Internet. In 1989 there were 80,000 computers on it. By 1989, there were 290,000.Another network was built to support the incredible number of peoplejoining. It was constructed in 1992.Today - The InternetToday, the Internet has become one of the most important technological advancements in the history of humanity. Everyone wants to get 'on line' to experience the wealth of information of the Internet. Millions of people now use the Internet, and it's predicted that by the year 2003 every single person on the planet will have Internet access. The Internet has truly become a way of life in our time and era, and is evolving so quickly its hard to determinewhere it will go next, as computer and network technology improve every day.HOW IT WORKS:It's a standard thing. People using the Internet. Shopping, playing games,conversing in virtual Internet environments.The Internet is not a 'thing' itself. The Internet cannot just "crash." It functions the same way as the telephone system, only there is no Internet company that runs the Internet.The Internet is a collection of millioins of computers that are all connected to each other, or have the means to connect to each other. The Internet is just like an office network, only it has millions of computers connected to it.The main thing about how the Internet works is communication. How does a computer in Houston know how to access data on a computer in Tokyo to view a webpageInternet communication, communication among computers connected to the Internet, is based on a language. This language is called TCP/IP. TCP/IP establishes a language for a computer to access and transmit data over the Internet system.But TCP/IP assumes that there is a physical connecetion between one computer and another. This is not usually the case. There would have to be a network wire that went to every computer connected to the Internet, but that would make the Internet impossible to access.The physical connection that is requireed is established by way of modems,phonelines, and other modem cable connections (like cable modems or DSL). Modems on computers read and transmit data over established lines,which could be phonelines or data lines. The actual hard core connections are established among computers called routers.A router is a computer that serves as a traffic controller for information.To explain this better, let's look at how a standard computer might view a webpage.1. The user's computer dials into an Internet Service Provider (ISP). The ISP might in turn be connected to another ISP, or a straight connection into the Internet backbone.2. The user launches a web browser like Netscape or Internet Explorer and types in an internet location to go to.3. Here's where the tricky part comes in. First, the computer sends data about it's data request to a router. A router is a very high speed powerful computer running special software. The collection of routers in the world make what is called a "backbone," on which all the data on the Internet is transferred. The backbone presently operates at a speed of several gigabytes per-second. Such a speed compared to a normal modem is like comparing the heat of the sun to the heat of an ice-cube.Routers handle data that is going back and forth.A router puts small chunks of data into packages called packets, which function similarly to envelopes. So, when the request for the webpage goes through, it uses TCP/IP protocols to tell the router what to do with the data, where it's going, and overall where the user wants to go.4. The router sends these packets to other routers, eventually leading to the target computer. It's like whisper down the lane (only the information remains intact).5. When the information reaches the target web server, the webserver then begins to send the web page back. A webserver is the computer where the webpage is stored that is running a program that handles requests for the webpage and sends the webpage to whoever wants to see it.6. The webpage is put in packets, sent through routers, and arrive at the users computer where the user can view the webpage once it is assembled.The packets which contain the data also containspecial information that lets routers and other computers know how to reassemble the data in the right order.With millions of web pages, and millions of users, using the Internet is not always easy for a beginning user, especially for someone who is not entirely comfortale with using computers. Below you can find tips tricks and help on how to use main services of the Internet.Before you access webpages, you must have a web browser to actually be able to view the webpages. Most Internet Access Providers provide you with a web browser in the software they usually give to customers; you. The fact that you are viewing this page means that you have a web browser. The top two use browsers are Netscape Communicator and Microsoft Internet Explorer. Netscape can be found at and MSIE can be found atThe fact that you're reading this right now means that you have a web browser.Next you must be familiar with actually using webpages. A webpage is a collection of hyperlinks, images, text, forms, menus, and multimedia. To "navigate" a webpage, simply click the links it provides or follow it's own instructions (like if it has a form you need to use, it will probably instruct you how to use it). Basically, everything about a webpage is made to be self- explanetory. That is the nature of a webpage, to be easily navigatable."Oh no! a 404 error! 'Cannot find web page'" is a common remark made by new web-users.Sometimes websites have errors. But an error on a website is not the user's fault, of course.A 404 error means that the page you tried to go to does not exist. This could be because the site is still being constructed and the page hasn't been created yet, or because the site author made a typo in the page. There's nothing much to do about a 404 error except for e-mailing the site administrator (of the page you wanted to go to) an telling him/herabout the error.A Javascript error is the result of a programming error in the Javascript code of a website. Not all websites utilize Javascript, but many do. Javascript is different from Java, and most browsers now support Javascript. If you are using an old version of a web browser (Netscape for example), you might get Javascript errors because sites utilize Javascript versions that your browser does not support. So, you can try getting a newer version of your web browser.E-mail stands for Electronic Mail, and that's what it is. E-mail enables people to send letters, and even files and pictures to each other.To use e-mail, you must have an e-mail client, which is just like a personal post office, since it retrieves and stores e-mail.Secondly, you must have an e-mail account. Most Internet Service Providers provide free e-mail account(s) for free. Some services offer free e-mail,like Hotmail, and Geocities.After configuring your e-mail client with your POP3 and SMTP server address (your e-mail provider will give you that information), you are ready to receive mail.An attachment is a file sent in a letter. If someone sends you an attachment and you don't know who it is, don't run the file, ever. It could be a virus or some other kind of nasty programs. You can't get a virus just by reading e-mail, you'll have to physically execute some form of program for a virus to strike.A signature is a feature of many e-mail programs. A signature is added to the end of every e-mail you send out. You can put a text graphic, your business information, anything you want.Imagine that a computer on the Internet is an island in the sea. The sea is filled with millions of islands. This is the Internet. Imagine an island communicates with other island by sending ships toother islands and receiving ships. The island has ports to accept and send out ships.A computer on the Internet has access nodes called ports. A port is just a symbolic object that allows the computer to operate on a network (or the Internet). This method is similar to the island/ocean symbolism above.Telnet refers to accessing ports on a server directly with a text connection. Almost every kind of Internet function, like accessing web pages,"chatting," and e-mailing is done over a Telnet connection.Telnetting requires a Telnet client. A telnet program comes with the Windows system, so Windows users can access telnet by typing in "telnet" (without the "'s) in the run dialog. Linux has it built into the command line; telnet. A popular telnet program for Macintosh is NCSA telnet.Any server software (web page daemon, chat daemon) can be accessed via telnet, although theyare not usually meant to be accessed in such a manner. For instance, it is possible to connect directly to a mail server and check your mail by interfacing with the e-mail server software, but it's easier to use an e-mail client (of course).There are millions of WebPages that come from all over the world, yet how will you know what the address of a page you want isSearch engines save the day. A search engine is a very large website that allows you to search it's own database of websites. For instance, if you wanted to find a website on dogs, you'd search for "dog" or "dogs" or "dog information." Here are a few search-engines.1. Altavista - Web spider & Indexed2. Yahoo - Web spider & Indexed Collection3. Excite - Web spider & Indexed4. Lycos - Web spider & Indexed5. Metasearch - Multiple searchA web spider is a program used by search engines that goes from page to page, following any link it can possibly find. This means that a search engine can literally map out as much of the Internet as it's own time and speed allows for.An indexed collection uses hand-added links. For instance, on Yahoo's site. You can click on Computers & the Internet. Then you can click on Hardware. Then you can click on Modems, etc., and along the way through sections, there are sites available which relate to what section you're in.Metasearch searches many search engines at the same time, finding the top choices from about 10 search engines, making searching a lot more effective.Once you are able to use search engines, you can effectively find the pages you want.With the arrival of networking and multi usersystems, security has always been on the mind of system developers and system operators. Since the dawn of AT&T and its phone network, hackers have been known by many, hackers who find ways all the time of breaking into systems. It used to not be that big of a problem, since networking was limited to big corporate companies or government computers who could afford the necessary computer security.The biggest problem now-a-days is personal information. Why should you be careful while making purchases via a website Let's look at how the internet works, quickly.The user is transferring credit card information to a webpage. Looks safe, right Not necessarily. As the user submits the information, it is being streamed through a series of computers that make up the Internet backbone. The information is in little chunks, in packages called packets. Here's the problem: While the information is being transferred through this big backbone, what is preventing a "hacker" from intercepting this data stream at one ofthe backbone pointsBig-brother is not watching you if you access a web site, but users should be aware of potential threats while transmitting private information. There are methods of enforcing security, like password protection, an most importantly, encryption.Encryption means scrambling data into a code that can only be unscrambled on the "other end." Browser's like Netscape Communicator and Internet Explorer feature encryption support for making on-line transfers. Some encryptions work better than others. The most advanced encryption system is called DES (Data Encryption Standard), and it was adopted by the US Defense Department because it was deemed so difficult to 'crack' that they considered it a security risk if it would fall into another countries hands.A DES uses a single key of information to unlock an entire document. The problem is, there are 75 trillion possible keys to use, so it is a highlydifficult system to break. One document was cracked and decoded, but it was a combined effort of 14,000 computers networked over the Internet that took a while to do it, so most hackers don't have that many resources available.Internet的历史起源——ARPAnetInternet是被美国政府作为一项工程进行开发的。

The development of Internet historyARPAnet, the network in 1969 put into use. In 1968, ARPA ARPAnet network project . In 1972, ARPAnet at the first International Conference on computer background communication for the first time to meet with the public, and validated the feasibility of packet switching technology, the modern computer network, ARPAnet became the symbol of the birth of. In 1980, ARPA investment TCP / IP to UNIX ( BSD4.1 version ) of the kernel, in version BSD4.2, TCP / IP protocol that became UNIX operating system standard communication module. In 1982, Internet by ARPAnet, MILNET and several other computer network merger. In 1983, ARPAnet split into two parts: ARPAnet and pure military MILNET. In 1986, NSF established a six Super Computer Center, in order to make the country 's scientists, engineers were able to share these super computer facilities, NSF established its own based on TCP / IP protocols of computer network NSFnet. The success of the NSFnet in 1990 June completely replaced ARPAnet as a Internet trunk network.Internet Web is the fastest growing application, the user from less than 4000000 in 1994 to 10000000 in 1995. Web number of stations from 1995 to thirty thousand.因特网的发展史ARPAnet，该网于1969年投入使用。

中学英语作文因特网的历史(History of theInternet)nowadays intemet is very popular all over the world, especially in some big cities. do you know when the intemet was first established? built in 1960s, the internet was a crude network of a few computers which shared information. if one of the computers broke down, the whole networks would be unable to work, causing continual problems.at first, just the government had access to the internet, using it for communications among different branches. however, by 1970s the internet had been used in universities, banks, and hospitals. at the beginning of 1990s computers became affordable for common people and this affordability increased the use of the internet by people,it is said that each day tens of millions of people log off, making it the most important part of peoples life.internet was first established in 1960s. at that time, the computer was both large and expensive and the networks were unable to work well. if one of the computers broke down, the whole networks would be unable to work.at first, the intemet was just used by the government. by1970s, it had been used in universities, banks and hospitals. at the beginning of 1990s,computers became both cheaper and easier to operate. now it is very convenient to log on the intemet.it is said that each day tens of millions of people log on the internet. sending e-mails is becoming more and more popular.the intemet has become the most important part of peoples life.。

网络发展简史英文作文英文：The development of the internet has been a rapid and transformative process over the past few decades. It has changed the way we communicate, work, and access information. The history of the internet can be traced back to the 1960s, when the US Department of Defense developed ARPANET, a network that connected computers at universities and research institutions. This was the precursor to the internet as we know it today.In the 1980s, the World Wide Web was created by Tim Berners-Lee, a British computer scientist. This allowed for the creation of websites and the sharing of information on a global scale. The 1990s saw the rise of commercial internet service providers, which made the internet more accessible to the general public. This led to the dot-com boom, where many companies sought to capitalize on the potential of the internet.The 2000s brought about the rise of social media, which allowed for greater connectivity and communication between individuals. Platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have become integral parts of many people's daily lives. The proliferation of smartphones and mobile devices has also made the internet more accessible than ever before.Today, the internet continues to evolve and change at a rapid pace. The rise of artificial intelligence, blockchain technology, and the Internet of Things are just a few examples of how the internet is shaping our world. It is hard to imagine a world without the internet, and it willbe interesting to see how it continues to shape our livesin the future.中文：互联网的发展是一个快速而深刻的过程，过去几十年中它已经改变了我们的交流、工作和获取信息的方式。

因特网发明作文英语The Invention of the Internet。

The invention of the Internet has revolutionized theway we live, work, and communicate. It has become an essential part of our daily lives, connecting people fromall corners of the world and providing access to an unimaginable amount of information. This essay will explore the history of the Internet, its impact on society, and its potential for the future.The Internet, as we know it today, was not created overnight. Its origins can be traced back to the 1960s when the United States Department of Defense initiated a project called ARPANET. This project aimed to create adecentralized network that could withstand a nuclear attack. The first message was sent over ARPANET in 1969, markingthe birth of the Internet.Initially, the Internet was used primarily byscientists, researchers, and the military. However, it quickly expanded to include educational institutions and eventually reached the general public in the early 1990s. This expansion was driven by the development of the World Wide Web, which made it easier to navigate and access information on the Internet.The impact of the Internet on society has been immense. It has transformed the way we communicate, conduct business, and access information. Communication has become instantaneous and global, with email, instant messaging,and social media platforms connecting people across the world. Businesses have also benefited from the Internet, as it has opened up new markets and allowed for more efficient operations.One of the most significant impacts of the Internet is its role in democratizing information. Prior to its invention, access to information was limited to those who had the means to visit libraries or purchase books. Withthe Internet, anyone with an internet connection can access a vast amount of information on any topic imaginable. Thishas empowered individuals and allowed for the spread of knowledge and ideas on a global scale.However, the Internet also brings with it challenges and concerns. The rise of fake news, cyberbullying, and privacy breaches are just a few examples of the negative aspects associated with the Internet. It is crucial for individuals, governments, and organizations to address these issues and work towards creating a safer and more responsible online environment.Looking towards the future, the Internet has the potential to continue shaping our lives in ways we can't even imagine. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a conceptthat envisions a world where everyday objects are connected to the Internet, allowing for greater automation and efficiency. This could lead to advancements in areas such as healthcare, transportation, and energy management.In conclusion, the invention of the Internet has had a profound impact on society. It has transformed the way we communicate, access information, and conduct business.While it has brought about many positive changes, it also comes with challenges that need to be addressed. As we move forward, it is important to harness the potential of the Internet while ensuring its responsible and ethical use.。

互联网的历史英语作文The History of the InternetThe history of the Internet is a fascinating journey that dates back to the late 1960s. It began as a small-scale experiment conducted by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the United States Department of Defense, with the goal of creating a decentralized network that could withstand failures and continue operating. This early network, known as ARPANET, laid the foundation for the modern Internet.In the 1970s, the development of TCP/IP, a set of communication protocols, enabled different networks to communicate with each other, greatly expanding the reach of the Internet. This standardization process was crucial for the Internet's growth and eventual worldwide adoption.The 1980s saw the emergence of personal computers and the growth of the World Wide Web, which made the Internet accessible to a wider audience. Tim Berners-Lee, a British scientist, invented the concept of the Web and developed the first web browser and web server. This made it possible for anyone with a computer and an Internet connection to access and share information globally. The 1990s marked the beginning of the commercialization of the Internet. As more and more businesses and individuals began to use the Internet, it grew exponentially in size and complexity. The dot-com bubble of the late 1990s, though a period of significant turbulence, also highlighted the potential of the Internet as a platform for economic growth and innovation.The 2000s saw the rise of social media and the further integration of the Internet into people's daily lives. Platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram changed the way people communicate and consume information. The advent of smartphones and mobile internet also made the Internet more accessible and convenient for users around the world.Today, the Internet has become an essential part of modern life, connecting billions of people and enabling unprecedented levels of communication, collaboration, and innovation. As technology continues to advance, the Internet will likely evolve in new and exciting ways, further shaping our world and the way we live in it.。

英语科普文选：互联网发展简史ARPANET started by the US Dept. of Defense for research.It is the original basis for what now forms the Internet.It was opened to non-military users later in the 1970s.The first international connections to ARPANET are established.The TCP/IP Protocol established,and the "Internet" is formed as a connected set of networks using TCP/IP.DNS(Domain Name Server) introduced to the Internet, with then consisted of about 1000 hosts.World Wide Web,invented by Tim Berners-Lee who saw the need for a global information exhcange that would allow physicists to collaborate on research.The Web started as a text-only interface,but NCSA Mosaic later presented a graphical interface for it.Web traffic over the Internet increased by 300,000%.Netscape 1.0 was written as an alternative browser to NCSA Mosaic.December JavaScript development announced by Netscape.Now Internet is still developing faster and faster...美国国防部建立了阿帕网，作研究用。

THE HISTORY OF THE INTERNETThe Beginning - ARPAnetThe Internet started as a project by the US government. The object of the project was to create a means of communications between long distance points, in the event of a nation wide emergency or, more specifically, nuclear war. The project was called ARPAnet, and it is what the Internet started as. Funded specifically for military communication, the engineers responsible for ARPANet had no idea of the possibilities of an "Internet."By definition, an 'Internet' is four or more computers connected by a network.ARPAnet achieved its network by using a protocol called TCP/IP. The basics around this protocol was that if information sent over a network failed to get through on one route, it would find another route to work with, as well as establishing a means for one computer to "talk" to another computer, regardless of whether it was a PC or a Macintosh.By the 80's ARPAnet, just years away from becoming the more well known Internet, had 200 computers. The Defense Department, satisfied with ARPAnets results, decided to fully adopt it into service, and connected many military computers and resources into the network. ARPAnet then had 562 computers on its network. By the year 1984, it had over 1000 computers on its network.In 1986 ARPAnet (supposedly) shut down, but only the organization shutdown, and the existing networks still existed between the more than 1000 computers. It shut down due to a failied link up with NSF, who wanted to connect its 5 countywide super computers into ARPAnet.With the funding of NSF, new high speed lines were successfully installed at line speeds of 56k (a normal modem nowadays) through telephone lines in 1988. By that time, there were 28,174 computers on the (by then decided) Internet. In 1989 there were 80,000 computers on it. By 1989, there were 290,000.Another network was built to support the incredible number of peoplejoining. It was constructed in 1992.Today - The InternetToday, the Internet has become one of the most important technological advancements in the history of humanity. Everyone wants to get 'on line' to experience the wealth of information of the Internet. Millions of people now use the Internet, and it's predicted that by the year 2003 every single person on the planet will have Internet access. The Internet has truly become a way of life in our time and era, and is evolving so quickly its hard to determine where it will go next, as computer and network technology improve every day.HOW IT WORKS:It's a standard thing. People using the Internet. Shopping, playing games,conversing in virtual Internet environments.The Internet is not a 'thing' itself. The Internet cannot just "crash." It functions the same way as the telephone system, only there is no Internet companythat runs the Internet.The Internet is a collection of millioins of computers that are all connected to each other, or have the means to connect to each other. The Internet is just like an office network, only it has millions of computers connected to it.The main thing about how the Internet works is communication. How does a computer in Houston know how to access data on a computer in Tokyo to view a webpage?Internet communication, communication among computers connected to the Internet, is based on a language. This language is called TCP/IP. TCP/IP establishes a language for a computer to access and transmit data over the Internet system.But TCP/IP assumes that there is a physical connecetion between one computer and another. This is not usually the case. There would have to be a network wire that went to every computer connected to the Internet, but that would make the Internet impossible to access.The physical connection that is requireed is established by way of modems,phonelines, and other modem cable connections (like cable modems or DSL). Modems on computers read and transmit data over established lines,which could be phonelines or data lines. The actual hard core connections are established among computers called routers.A router is a computer that serves as a traffic controller for information.To explain this better, let's look at how a standard computer might view a webpage.1. The user's computer dials into an Internet Service Provider (ISP). The ISP might in turn be connected to another ISP, or a straight connection into the Internet backbone.2. The user launches a web browser like Netscape or Internet Explorer and types in an internet location to go to.3. Here's where the tricky part comes in. First, the computer sends data about it's data request to a router. A router is a very high speed powerful computer running special software. The collection of routers in the world make what is called a "backbone," on which all the data on the Internet is transferred. The backbone presently operates at a speed of several gigabytes per-second. Such a speed compared to a normal modem is like comparing the heat of the sun to the heat of an ice-cube.Routers handle data that is going back and forth. A router puts small chunks of data into packages called packets, which function similarly to envelopes. So, when the request for the webpage goes through, it uses TCP/IP protocols to tell the router what to do with the data, where it's going, and overall where the user wants to go.4. The router sends these packets to other routers, eventually leading to the target computer. It's like whisper down the lane (only the information remains intact).5. When the information reaches the target web server, the webserver then begins to send the web page back. A webserver is the computer where the webpage is stored that is running a program that handles requests for the webpage and sendsthe webpage to whoever wants to see it.6. The webpage is put in packets, sent through routers, and arrive at the users computer where the user can view the webpage once it is assembled.The packets which contain the data also contain special information that lets routers and other computers know how to reassemble the data in the right order.With millions of web pages, and millions of users, using the Internet is not always easy for a beginning user, especially for someone who is not entirely comfortale with using computers. Below you can find tips tricks and help on how to use main services of the Internet.Before you access webpages, you must have a web browser to actually be able to view the webpages. Most Internet Access Providers provide you with a web browser in the software they usually give to customers; you. The fact that you are viewing this page means that you have a web browser. The top two use browsers are Netscape Communicator and Microsoft Internet Explorer. Netscape can be found at and MSIE can be found atThe fact that you're reading this right now means that you have a web browser.Next you must be familiar with actually using webpages. A webpage is a collection of hyperlinks, images, text, forms, menus, and multimedia. To "navigate" a webpage, simply click the links it provides or follow it's own instructions (like if it has a form you need to use, it will probably instruct you how to use it). Basically, everything about a webpage is made to be self- explanetory. That is the nature of a webpage, to be easily navigatable."Oh no! a 404 error! 'Cannot find web page?'" is a common remark made by new web-users.Sometimes websites have errors. But an error on a website is not the user's fault, of course.A 404 error means that the page you tried to go to does not exist. This could be because the site is still being constructed and the page hasn't been created yet, or because the site author made a typo in the page. There's nothing much to do about a 404 error except for e-mailing the site administrator (of the page you wanted to go to) an telling him/her about the error.A Javascript error is the result of a programming error in the Javascript code of a website. Not all websites utilize Javascript, but many do. Javascript is different from Java, and most browsers now support Javascript. If you are using an old version of a web browser (Netscape 3.0 for example), you might get Javascript errors because sites utilize Javascript versions that your browser does not support. So, you can try getting a newer version of your web browser.E-mail stands for Electronic Mail, and that's what it is. E-mail enables people to send letters, and even files and pictures to each other.To use e-mail, you must have an e-mail client, which is just like a personal post office, since it retrieves and stores e-mail.Secondly, you must have an e-mail account. Most Internet Service Providers provide free e-mail account(s) for free. Some services offer free e-mail, like Hotmail, and Geocities.After configuring your e-mail client with your POP3 and SMTP server address(your e-mail provider will give you that information), you are ready to receive mail.An attachment is a file sent in a letter. If someone sends you an attachment and you don't know who it is, don't run the file, ever. It could be a virus or some other kind of nasty programs. You can't get a virus just by reading e-mail, you'll have to physically execute some form of program for a virus to strike.A signature is a feature of many e-mail programs. A signature is added to the end of every e-mail you send out. You can put a text graphic, your business information, anything you want.Imagine that a computer on the Internet is an island in the sea. The sea is filled with millions of islands. This is the Internet. Imagine an island communicates with other island by sending ships to other islands and receiving ships. The island has ports to accept and send out ships.A computer on the Internet has access nodes called ports. A port is just a symbolic object that allows the computer to operate on a network (or the Internet). This method is similar to the island/ocean symbolism above.Telnet refers to accessing ports on a server directly with a text connection. Almost every kind of Internet function, like accessing web pages,"chatting," and e-mailing is done over a Telnet connection.Telnetting requires a Telnet client. A telnet program comes with the Windows system, so Windows users can access telnet by typing in "telnet" (without the "'s) in the run dialog. Linux has it built into the command line; telnet. A popular telnet program for Macintosh is NCSA telnet.Any server software (web page daemon, chat daemon) can be accessed via telnet, although they are not usually meant to be accessed in such a manner. For instance, it is possible to connect directly to a mail server and check your mail by interfacing with the e-mail server software, but it's easier to use an e-mail client (of course).There are millions of WebPages that come from all over the world, yet how will you know what the address of a page you want is?Search engines save the day. A search engine is a very large website that allows you to search it's own database of websites. For instance, if you wanted to find a website on dogs, you'd search for "dog" or "dogs" or "dog information." Here are a few search-engines.A web spider is a program used by search engines that goes from page to page, following any link it can possibly find. This means that a search engine can literally map out as much of the Internet as it's own time and speed allows for.An indexed collection uses hand-added links. For instance, on Yahoo's site. You can click on Computers & the Internet. Then you can click on Hardware. Then you can click on Modems, etc., and along the way through sections, there are sites available which relate to what section you're in.Metasearch searches many search engines at the same time, finding the top choices from about 10 search engines, making searching a lot more effective.Once you are able to use search engines, you can effectively find the pages you want.With the arrival of networking and multi user systems, security has always been on the mind of system developers and system operators. Since the dawn of AT&T and its phone network, hackers have been known by many, hackers who find ways all the time of breaking into systems. It used to not be that big of a problem, since networking was limited to big corporate companies or government computers who could afford the necessary computer security.The biggest problem now-a-days is personal information. Why should you be careful while making purchases via a website? Let's look at how the internet works, quickly.The user is transferring credit card information to a webpage. Looks safe, right? Not necessarily. As the user submits the information, it is being streamed through a series of computers that make up the Internet backbone. The information is in little chunks, in packages called packets. Here's the problem: While the information is being transferred through this big backbone, what is preventing a "hacker" from intercepting this data stream at one of the backbone points?Big-brother is not watching you if you access a web site, but users should be aware of potential threats while transmitting private information. There are methods of enforcing security, like password protection, an most importantly, encryption.Encryption means scrambling data into a code that can only be unscrambled on the "other end." Browser's like Netscape Communicator and Internet Explorer feature encryption support for making on-line transfers. Some encryptions work better than others. The most advanced encryption system is called DES (Data Encryption Standard), and it was adopted by the US Defense Department because it was deemed so difficult to 'crack' that they considered it a security risk if it would fall into another countries hands.A DES uses a single key of information to unlock an entire document. The problem is, there are 75 trillion possible keys to use, so it is a highly difficult system to break. One document was cracked and decoded, but it was a combined effort of 14,000 computers networked over the Internet that took a while to do it, so most hackers don't have that many resources available.Internet的历史起源——ARPAnetInternet是被美国政府作为一项工程进行开发的。

因特网的起源英文作文英文：The origin of the Internet can be traced back to the 1960s, when the United States Department of Defense created the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET). The purpose of ARPANET was to create a communication system that could survive a nuclear attack, by allowing information to be transmitted through multiple routes.In the 1970s, the development of TCP/IP protocols allowed different computer networks to communicate with each other, laying the foundation for what we now know as the Internet. The first email was sent in 1971, and thefirst domain name was registered in 1985.The Internet as we know it today really took off in the 1990s, with the introduction of the World Wide Web and the first web browser, Mosaic. This made it much easier for people to access and share information online, and openedup a whole new world of possibilities.Overall, the Internet has had a huge impact on the way we communicate, work, and live our lives. It has revolutionized everything from shopping and entertainmentto education and politics.中文：互联网的起源可以追溯到20世纪60年代，当时美国国防部创建了高级研究计划局网络（ARPANET）。

因特网发明作文英语The internet, a global network that connects billions of devices, has revolutionized the way we communicate, work, and learn. Its invention is one of the most significant technological achievements in human history. This essay will explore the origins of the internet, its development over the years, and its impact on society.The concept of a network that could connect multiplecomputers was first proposed in the 1960s by J.C.R. Licklider, an American computer scientist. However, it was not until the 1970s that the internet began to take shape with the development of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) andthe Internet Protocol (IP) by Vint Cerf and Robert Kahn.These protocols allowed data to be sent and received over a network, forming the backbone of the internet as we know it today.The 1980s saw the internet transition from a military and academic tool to a public resource. The creation of the World Wide Web by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989 was a pivotal moment. The web provided a user-friendly interface for accessing information on the internet, which led to its rapid growthand widespread adoption.The 1990s were marked by the commercialization of theinternet. The introduction of web browsers like Mosaic and Netscape Navigator made the internet more accessible to thegeneral public. The dot-com boom of the late 1990s saw therise of e-commerce and online advertising, which furtherfueled the expansion of the internet.The internet has had a profound impact on various aspects of life. It has democratized access to information, allowing people from all walks of life to access vast resources of knowledge. It has also transformed the way businesses operate, enabling global communication and e-commerce. Social media platforms have changed how we interact with one another, creating new opportunities for connection but also presenting challenges related to privacy and the spread of misinformation.In conclusion, the invention of the internet has been a transformative force in the modern world. From its humble beginnings as a military project to its current status as a global utility, the internet has reshaped communication, business, and social interaction. As we continue to innovate and develop new technologies, it is crucial to consider the ethical implications and strive for a future where theinternet serves as a tool for positive global change.。

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History of the Internet（因特网的历史）Nowadays Intemet is very popular all over the world, especially in some big cities. Do you know when the Intemet was first established? Built in 1960s, the Internet was a crude network of a few computers which shared information. If one of the computers broke down, the whole networks would be unable to work, causing continual problems. At first, just the government had access to the Internet, using it for communications among different branches. However, by 1970s the Internet had been used in universities, banks, and hospitals. At the beginning of 1990s computers became affordable for common people and this affordability increased the use of the Internet by people,It is said that each day tens of millions of people log off, making it the most important part of people's life.现在因特网在世界范围内非常流行，特，别是一些大城市更是如此。

写一篇关于互联网发展历史的英语作文The History of Internet DevelopmentIntroductionThe internet has become an integral part of our daily lives, revolutionizing the way we communicate, work, and access information. In this essay, we will explore the history of internet development, from its inception to the present day.Early BeginningsThe concept of a global network of interconnected computers was first proposed in the 1960s by American computer scientist J.C.R. Licklider. His vision was to create a "galactic network" where information could be shared and accessed from anywhere in the world. This idea eventually led to the creation of ARPANET, the precursor to the modern internet. ARPANET was launched in 1969 and initially connected four computers at research institutions in the United States.Expansion and CommercializationIn the 1980s, the internet began to expand rapidly as more and more universities, research institutions, and government agencies connected to the network. The development of TCP/IP(Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) allowed computers to communicate with one another across different networks, leading to the rise of the World Wide Web. Tim Berners-Lee, a British computer scientist, invented the World Wide Web in 1989 as a way to share information among researchers at CERN, a European particle physics laboratory.The 1990s saw the commercialization of the internet, with the launch of popular websites such as Yahoo!, Amazon, and eBay. The introduction of web browsers like Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer made it easier for users to navigate the web and access information. E-commerce began to thrive, and online banking, shopping, and entertainment became common practices.The Dot-Com Bubble and BeyondThe late 1990s saw the rapid growth of internet companies, with many startups achieving high valuations in the stock market. However, this period also saw the burst of the dot-com bubble in 2000, leading to the collapse of many internet companies. Despite the setback, the internet continued to evolve, with the introduction of social media platforms like MySpace, LinkedIn, and later Facebook and Twitter.Today, the internet has become an indispensable tool for communication, education, and business. Advances in technology have enabled faster internet speeds, mobile connectivity, and the rise of cloud computing. Online services like Google, Netflix, and Airbnb have transformed industries and changed the way we live and work.Challenges and OpportunitiesWhile the internet has brought about many benefits, it also poses new challenges in terms of privacy, security, and digital divide. Issues like cybercrime, data breaches, and fake news have become major concerns for users and policymakers. Governments around the world are grappling with how to regulate the internet and protect users from online threats.Looking ahead, the future of the internet remains uncertain, with new technologies like artificial intelligence, blockchain, and the Internet of Things poised to reshape the digital landscape. As we navigate the complexities of the digital age, it is essential to prioritize innovation, inclusivity, and ethical practices to ensure a safe and sustainable internet for all.ConclusionIn conclusion, the history of internet development is a testament to human ingenuity and creativity. From humble beginnings as a research project to a global phenomenon, the internet has transformed the way we live and interact with the world. As we embark on the next chapter of digital evolution, let us continue to harness the power of technology for the greater good and strive for a more connected and inclusive society.。

介绍因特网发展英语作文Title: The Evolution of the Internet: A Journey of Connectivity。

The Internet, often hailed as one of the most transformative inventions of the 20th century, has evolved from its humble beginnings into a global network that revolutionizes how we communicate, work, and interact with the world. This essay will delve into the development of the Internet, exploring its origins, key milestones, andits profound impact on society.The Internet traces its roots back to the 1960s with the concept of ARPANET, a project funded by the United States Department of Defense. Initially designed as a decentralized network to facilitate communication among research institutions, ARPANET laid the groundwork for what would become the modern Internet. In 1969, the first message was sent over ARPANET between computers at UCLA and Stanford University, marking the birth of networkedcommunication.Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, the Internet continuedto grow as more institutions and universities joined the network. The development of TCP/IP protocols in the 1980s standardized communication between different networks, leading to the formation of the Internet as we know it today. This period also saw the emergence of email as a popular means of communication, further fueling the expansion of the Internet.The 1990s marked a significant turning point in the history of the Internet with the advent of the World Wide Web. Tim Berners-Lee's creation of the first web browserand web server in 1990 laid the foundation for a multimedia, hyperlinked information system that revolutionized how information was accessed and shared. The introduction of graphical web browsers such as Mosaic and NetscapeNavigator made the Internet more user-friendly and accessible to the general public, leading to an explosionof online activity.The early 2000s witnessed the rise of social media platforms such as Friendster, MySpace, and eventually Facebook, which transformed the Internet into a social space where people could connect, share, and interact with one another on a global scale. The proliferation of broadband internet further accelerated the growth of online services, enabling faster access to multimedia content and driving the development of streaming services like YouTube and Netflix.In recent years, the Internet has continued to evolve with the advent of mobile technology, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things (IoT). Mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets have become ubiquitous, allowing people to access the Internet anytime, anywhere. Cloud computing has revolutionized how data is stored and processed, enabling seamless collaboration and access to resources on a global scale. The Internet of Things has connected everyday objects to the Internet, creating smart homes, cities, and industries that are more efficient and interconnected than ever before.Today, the Internet plays a central role in almostevery aspect of our lives, from communication and commerceto entertainment and education. It has democratized accessto information, empowered individuals to connect and collaborate across borders, and transformed industries ranging from healthcare to finance. However, the Internet also poses new challenges such as cybersecurity threats, digital divide, and privacy concerns that require ongoing attention and innovation to address.In conclusion, the development of the Internet has been a remarkable journey of connectivity that has transformedthe way we live, work, and interact with the world. Fromits humble beginnings as a research project to its current status as a global network that connects billions of people, the Internet continues to evolve and shape our society in profound ways. As we look to the future, it is essential to ensure that the Internet remains open, inclusive, andsecure for generations to come.。

互联网的历史英语作文The History of the InternetThe internet, a revolutionary invention that has profoundly transformed our world, has a fascinating history that dates back to the 1960s.In 1969, the United States Department of Defense's Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) established ARPANET, a pioneering computer network that aimed to connect different computers and enable data exchange. This marked the initial form of the internet and laid the foundation for its distributed network structure. As the decades progressed, the internet gradually evolved and expanded. In the 1970s, it was primarily used by government and academic institutions. However, by the 1990s, the internet began to emerge into the commercial realm, transforming businesses and industries. This period also witnessed the emergence of the dot-com bubble, a period of excessive speculation and investment in internet-related companies that ultimately burst, bringing a period of realism and stability to the internet industry.The 2000s marked the rise of the mobile internet, as smartphones and mobile network technologies flourished. This allowed people to access the internet anytime, anywhere, further revolutionizing the way we communicate and consume information.More recently, the emergence of social media has profoundly changed our social interactions and information dissemination. Platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have allowed individuals to connect and share content with a global audience, shaping public opinion and influencing societal trends. Looking ahead, the internet continues to evolve and expand, driving innovation and progress in various fields. From artificial intelligence and big data to the internet of things and blockchain technology, the internet is poised to transform our world in even more profound ways in the future.。

History of the Internet（因特网的历史）Nowadays Intemet is very popular all over the world, especially in some big cities. Do you know when the Intemet was first established? Built in 1960s, the Internet was a crude network of a few computers which shared information. If one of the computers broke down, the whole networks would be unable to work, causing continual problems. At first, just the government had access to the Internet, using it for communications among different branches. However, by 1970s the Internet had been used in universities, banks, and hospitals. At the beginning of 1990s computers became affordable for common people and this affordability increased the use of the Internet by people,It is said that each day tens of millions of people log off, making it the most important part of people’s life.现在因特网在世界范围内非常流行，特，别是一些大城市更是如此。