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2012届高考英语考前半个月玩转高频语法系列非谓语动词一、非谓语动词种类及句法功能（一）概述：在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词有动词不定式（the Infinitive）；动名词（the Gerund）；现在分词（the Present Participle）；过去分词（the Past Participle）。
1、非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有：1）如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用，例如：They built a garden.They suggested building a garden.2）都可以被状语修饰：The suit fits him very well.The suit used to fit him very well.3）都有主动与被动, “体”式（一般式；进行式；完成式）的变化。
例如：He was punished by his parents.（谓语动词被动语态）He avoided being punished by his parents.（动名词的被动式）We have written the composition.（谓语动词的完成时）Having written the composition, we handed it in.（现在分词的完成式）4）都可以有逻辑主语They started the work at once.（谓语动词的逻辑主语）The boss ordered them to start the work.（动词不定式的逻辑主语）We are League members.（谓语动词的主语）We being League member, the work was well done.（现在分词的逻辑主语）2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有：1）非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和动名词），在句中做主语、宾语、表语。
2012年高考全国英语试题语法分类汇编之非谓语动词（精校附解析）【2012江西卷】33．Having finished her project, she was invited by the school to the new students.A．speaking B．having spokenC．to speak D．to have spoken33答案：C考点：非谓语动词。
解析：不定式表目的，又因D选项时态错误，故选C。
【2012江西卷】35．John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter him it.A．offered B．offeringC．to offer D．to be offered35答案：B考点：非谓语动词解析：offer的逻辑主语为空格前名词letter，根据句意，两者语态为主动关系，且表伴随，故选B。
[2012湖南高考真题23]||B||因为本句已有谓语动词is，且没有连词或引导词，故排除谓语形式D；而time与use为被动关系，所以选B。
谓语与非谓语动词过去分词作条件状语或时间状语表被动[2012湖南高考真题]21. We'v e had a g ood start, bu t next, more work needs ____ to achieve the final success.A. being doneB. doC. to be doneD. to do[2012湖南高考真题]21]||C||因为work与d o为被动关系，而need后表被动用-ing的主动形式表被动含义，或用不定式的被动形式，故选C。
谓语与非谓语动词不定式的被动语态作宾语短语need to be done。
【2012重庆卷】31. Before you quit your job, ______how your family would feel abou t your decision.A. considerB. consideringC. to considerD. considered31.【考点】祈使句用法【答案】A【解析】结合选项来分析句子结构，逗号前为时间状语从句，后面实际上是一个祈使句。
2012年高考英语试题分类汇编—非谓语动词1. I remembered the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.A. lockingB. to lockC. having lockedD. to have locked (2012安徽卷)2. When for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.A. askingB. askedC. having askedD. to be asked (2012安徽卷)3. One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ them.A. correctsB. correctC. to correctD. correcting (2012北京卷)4. _______ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.A. UseB. UsingC. UsedD. To use (2012北京卷)5. Birds’ singing is sometimes a warning to other birds _______ away.A. to stayB. stayingC. stayedD. stay (2012北京卷)6. The party will be held in the garden, weather .A. permittingB. to permitC. permittedD. permit (2012全国I卷)7. Film has a much shorter history, especially when_ such art forms as music andpainting. (2012全国I卷)A. having compared toB. comparing toC. compare toD. compared to8. Tony lent me the money, ___ that I’d do as much for him.A. hopingB. to hopeC. hopedD. having hoped (2012全国II卷)9. The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy ___ anything that happened tobe on.A. to watchB. watchingC. watchedD. to have watched (2012全国II卷)10. China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinesefishing boats from ______in the South China Sea. (2012福建卷)A. attackingB. having attackedC. being attackedD. having been attacked11. Pressed from his parents，and _____that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determinedto stop playing video games.A. realizingB. realizedC. to realizeD. being realized (2012福建卷)12. We’ve had a good start, but next, more work needs ______to achieve the finalsuccess.A. being doneB. doC. to be doneD. to do (2012湖南卷)13. Time, _________ correctly, is money in the bank.A. to useB. usedC. usingD. use (2012湖南卷)14. ____an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.A. BasedB. BasingC. BaseD. To base （2012江苏卷）15. Having finished her project, she was invited by the school to the new students.A. speakingB. having spokenC. to speakD. to have spoken (2012江西卷)16. John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter him it.A. offeredB. offeringC. to offerD. to be offered (2012江西卷)17. The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog them.A. to followB. followingC. followedD. follows （2012辽宁卷）18. This machine is very easy . Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.A. operatingB. to be operatingC. operatedD. to operate （2012辽宁卷）19. George returned after the war, only _______ that his wife had left him.A. to be toldB. tellingC. being toldD. told （2012山东卷）20. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope ________.A. providingB. providedC. having providedD. provide （2012山东卷）21. As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasn't allowed into the sports club.A. goingB. to goC. goD. gone （2012上海卷）22. When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble _ the right things to say.A. thinking ofB. to think ofC. thought ofD. think of （2012上海卷）23. The club, _ _ 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members.A. foundedB. foundingC. being foundedD. to be founded （2012上海卷）24. "Genius" is a complicated concept, _ _ many different factors.A. involvedB. involvingC. to involveD. being involved （2012上海卷）25. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _____ his plane high up in the sky.A. findingB. to findC. being foundD. to have found （2012四川卷）26. I looked up and noticed a snake ______ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.A. to windB. windC. windingD. wound （2012四川卷）27. He got up late and hurried to his office, _________the breakfast untouched.A. leftB. to leaveC. leavingD. having left （2012天津卷）28. No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it's better _________ silent.A. remainB. be remainingC. having remainedD. to remain (2012浙江卷)29. "It's such a nice place," Mother said as she sat at the table________ for customs.A. to be reservedB. Living reservedC. reservingD. reserved (2012浙江卷)30. ______to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.A. Having been askedB. To askC. Having askedD. To be asked （2012重庆卷）31. We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ______at the meeting will influence thefuture of our company. （2012重庆卷）A. to be madeB. being madeC. madeD. having been madeBBDCA ADAAC ACBBC BBDAB BAABB CCDDA A。
非谓语动词非谓语动词包括不定式(to do)、动名词(－ing)、现在分词(－ing)与过去分词(－ed)。
它们不受主语人称和数的限制，动词不定式定义：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，一、不定式的意义1. 不定式的一般式：一般式表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或之后。
当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动式(to be done).eg: He seemed to be tired. The building to be finished next month is for our teachers.2. 不定式的进行式：进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语的动作同时发生。
e.g. When I went to his home, he happened to be traveling around the world.3. 不定式的完成式：如果不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前，就用完成式；若是在此基础上的被动含义，就用完成被动式( to have been done).e.g. He is said to have written a novel about the Long March.He is said to have been taught French when he was a child.4. 不定式的完成进行式：如果不定式的动作是在谓语所表示的时间之前一直在进行或有可能继续进行的动作，就要用完成进行式.eg: We’re happy to have been working with the experts all the month.二、不定式的用法：1. 不定式做主语：不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。
而动名词doing 表示习惯的，经常的动作。
![2012届高考英语语法精讲精练-非谓语动词[学生版]](https://img.taocdn.com/s1/m/3fb7228771fe910ef12df8e0.png)
2012届新课标高三第二轮专题讲解非谓语动词是高考的重点和热点，也是我们英语学习中所碰到的难点之一。
非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式，V-ing分词（又分为现在分词和动名词）和过去分词。
注：常见作独立成分的非谓语动词to tell you the truth(实话说)，needless to say(不用说)，to be honest/frank(老实说，坦白说)，to be more exact(更确切地说)，to make things worse (更糟的是)，not to mention…(更不用说)，Generally / Frankly / Roughly speaking (一般说来 / 坦白说 / 粗略地说)（一）辨别谓语与非谓语特别注意分析句子的结构才能辨别谓语与非谓语。
①The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and __ less than 40 poundsmust be in a child safety seat.A. being weighedB. weighsC. weighedD. weighing【解析】容易误选B或C，将其当成谓语看待。
under the age of four and ____ less than40 pounds用作children的定语。
动词weigh与名词children是主动关系，所以选择weighing。
②______ blood if you can and many lives will be saved.A. GivingB. GiveC. GivenD. To give【解析】如果不注意分析句子结构，会误选A或C项。
这是祈使句+and+陈述句的句型。
答案B。
（二）非谓语作主语、宾语的重点1.it充当动词不定式的形式主语或形式宾语①It is important for us to learn English very well.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。
高考语法填空抢分热点之非谓语动词养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
一、考点精讲非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动词-ing形式（现在分词和动名词）和过去分词，是高考热点。
但学生分不清现在分词和进行时态，过去分词和被动语态，对动词不定式的运用也是模棱两可。
归根结底，学生不会分辨“谓语动词”和“非谓语动词”。
这还要从根上解决，首先要弄清楚句子种类。
句子按结构分，分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
1.简单句。
由一个谓语动词或并列的谓语动词构成的句子是简单句。
也就是说，一个简单句中只能有一个谓语动词或并列的谓语动词（省略句除外）。
谓语动词指的就是动词的时态（一般现在时、一般过去时......）和语态（一般现在时的被动语态、一般过去时的被动语态......）。
例如：（1）He leaves home for school at 6 every morning.（leaves是谓语动词）每天早上他六点钟离开家去上学。
（2）The plane takes off at 11:40 and arrives in Shanghai at 1:30.（takes off和arrives是并列的谓语动词）飞机十一点四十起飞，一点半抵达上海。
（3）The company was set up in 2012.（was set up一般过去时的被动语态，是句子的谓语动词）这家公司是2012年成立的。
2.并列句。
并列句是指由并列连词and、but、or等把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。
即：简单句+并列连词+简单句。
常见的并连连词：and（和）、but（但是）、or（或者；否定句中的“和”；否则）、so（所以）。
落堕市安心阳光实验学校专项语法突破(三) 非谓语动词考纲解读规律分析非谓语动词是高考语法中最重要的语法项目之一，也是难点之一。
全国各省市的高考英语试卷中，考查非谓语动词的题目有26道。
高考英语试题一般会在四个选项中设置不同形式的非谓语动词，这四个选项可能是动词ing形式、过去分词、不定式和某种非谓语动词的完成式，也有的将非谓语动词与动词形式放在一起辨析。
高考考查重点为：(1)不定式和动词ing形式作主语的区别；(2)不定式、动词ing形式和过去分词作表语的区别；(3)不定式和动词ing形式作宾语的区别；(4)不定式、动词ing形式和过去分词作定语的区别；(5)现在分词不定式和过去分词作状语的区别等。
高考在语法填空中设置语境以让考生选择合适的非谓语动词形式。
知识归纳·方法点拨一、考点知识归纳非谓语动词的句法功能归纳考点一动词不定式、分词作状语1．动词不定式作状语不定式作状语时相当于一个状语从句，往往用来作目的状语、结果状语或原因状语。
(1)不定式用来作目的状语：作目的状语时，不定式的逻辑主语通常也是全句的主语，这里往往译作“为了，想要”。
[典题示例]________ this cake, you'll need 2 eggs, 175g sugar and 175g flour.(make)剖析：To make 从句意看此句中要用不定式作目的状语，表示“为了，想要”之意。
特别提示：强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to/so as to＋动词原形，但so as to不用于句首。
如：He got up early in order to/so as to catch the first bus.In order to catch the first bus，he got up early.为了赶上第一班车，他起床很早。
2012年高考英语分类解析—非谓语动词非谓语动词在高考中的考查重点：1.不定式的时态和语态；2.不定式的语法功能：不定式的形容词性功能、不定式的副词性功能、不定式的名词性功能；3.不定式的省略；4.不定式的否定形式；5.不定式的搭配形式；6.with复合结构和独立主格结构；7.v-ing分词名词性功能；8.v-ing分词形容词性功能；9.v-ing分词副词性功能；10.过去分词与现在分词一般式的区别；11.过去分词与现在分词主动完成式的区别；12.过去分词与现在分词一般被动式的区别。
解题的方法：第一步：辨别谓语与非谓语第二步：判断语态找非谓语的逻辑主语：作定语时，被修饰的词是其逻辑主语；作状语时，句子的主语是其逻辑主语；作补语时，句子的宾语或主语是其逻辑主语。
在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语之间是主谓还是动宾关系。
第三步：分析时态根据非谓语自带的时间状语确定时间或根据上下文的语境确定时间。
1.(2012课标卷)28.The party will be held in the garden, weather .A. permittingB. to permitC. permittedD. permit2.(2012课标卷卷)32.Film has a much shorter history, especially when_ such art forms as music andpainting.A. having compared toB. comparing toC. compare toD. compared to3.(2012大纲卷)10.Tony lent me the money, __________that I’ d do as much for him .A. hopingB. to hopeC. hopedD. having hoped【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。
全国通用2012届高考英语考前冲刺押题语法专题系列非谓语动词名师押题：【押题1】Something________the tap should be removed so that the water can come through quickly.A.blockingB.blockedC.be blockedD.having blocked【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。
blocking现在分词作状语，句意为：堵住水龙头的东西应该【押题指数】★★★★【选题理由】现在分词与过去分词的区别,近三年全国各地区考查现在分词与过去分词的区别的题目多达19道。
【得分锦囊】现在分词与过去分词的一个重要区别就是：现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。
在解答相关题目时，应从以下方面分析：分词作定语时，分析被修饰词同非谓语动词的关系；作宾补／主补时，分析宾语／主语同宾补／主补的关系；作状语时，分析句子主语同非谓语动词的关系。
从以上几个方面来判断是用现在分词还是过去分词。
【押题3】The old women spoke to the girl again，raising her voice a bit，but still no answer·A．receired B．receiring C．had received D．to receiveA。
句中连词but是解题的关键，but后的内容与谓语动词spoke并列，故空白处应是一个谓语动词(一般过去时)，因此答案为A。
【押题指数】★★★★【选题理由】谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别,三年全国各地区考查谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别的题目有13道。
【得分锦囊】注意掌握谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别。
者作定语都表示被动意义，但表示的时间不同：done表示已经发生的动作；to be done表示将要发生的动作；being done表示正在进行的动作。
【押题5】The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent at the end of last March.A．has been launched B．having been launchedC．being launched D．to be launchedB,考生容易误选A项，认为这里应该用现在完成时的被动语态，忽略了连接两个句子要用连词的规则。
而本句没有连词，所以只能把后句当作独立主格结构对待。
the most recent 指最近发射的载人飞船，是后面分词的逻辑主语，表示被动，所以要用动词-ing形式的完成被动式。
独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词(副词)、或介词短语构成的一种独立成分，在句子中作状语。
【押题指数】★★★★【选题理由】独立主格结构, 三年全国各地区考查的题目有6道。
【得分锦囊】独立主格结构不是句子，也不是从句，所以它内部的动词不能考虑其人称和数的变化，它与其主句之间既不能用并列连词连接也不能用从句引导词引导，常用逗号与其主句隔开。
独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从句或其他状语形式，但很多时候不能转化为分词形式，因为．它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。
注意下列独立主格结构中的不同形式：(1)含有不定式的“独立主格结构”表示即将发生的动作。
如：The plan was that the two parties should first reach an agreement on the basic principie，the details to be worked out later．计划是双方应先就基本原则达成协议，细节问题以后拟订。
(2)含有现在分词的“独立主格结构”表示正在进行的动作，且主语与现在分词之间为主动关系。
如：We redoubled our efforts，each man working like two．我们加倍努力，每一个人就像干两个人的活。
(3)含有过去分词的“独立主格结构”表示已发生的动作，主语与过去分词之间为被动关系。
如：This done，we went home．做完此事，我们就回家。
(4)含有形容词、副词或介词短语的“独立主格结构”表示伴随、状态等。
如：He put on his socks，wrong side out．他穿上袜子，反面朝上。
The boy followed the nobleman here，sword in hand．这个男孩跟着这位绅士来到这里，手里握着剑。
【押题6】Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are pe ople happy with the decisions ?A. takingB. takeC. taken D .to takeC, 考生容易误选A项，忽视了with复合结构中宾语补足语与宾语的关系。
这里的decisions 是take的逻辑宾语，因此用take的过去分词形式作后置定语。
句意是“既然我们已经讨论了我们的问题，人们对做出的决定满意吗?”。
【押题指数】★★★★【选题理由】with的复合结构, 三年全国各地区考查的题目有6道。
【得分锦囊】with的复合结构是指“with+宾语(名词或代词)+非谓语动词(分词、不定式)、介词短语、形容词或副词等”所构成的一种独立结构。
该结构内部若有动词，则其非谓语形式的选用要注意三点：若内部动词表示将来(无论主动还是被动)，则用不定式；若内部动词表示被动且属过去，则用过去分词；若内部动词表示持续的主动动作，则用现在分词。
如：With the good teacher teaching us English，we had no trouble passing the test．(宾语补足语用现在分词表示主动)有这位好老师教我们英语，我们通过考试没有困难。
With all the work done，we went to play basketball．我们的工作都做完了，我们就去打篮球了。
(宾语补足语用过去分词表示被动)With a lot of work t o do，she doesn’t have time to go to thecinema．有那么多工作要做，她没有时间去看电影。
(宾语补足语用动词不定式表示将来的动作)She left the office with tears in her eyes．她眼含泪花离开了办公室。
(介词短语作宾补)考前热身：1、（2012年郑州市高中毕业年级第一次质量预测英语）When ______ about what she thought of the movie, she just said it was worth seeing a second time.A．asked B．askingC．being asked D．to be asked【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。
解题方法为还原法，即将从句中省略的与主句相同的3、（北京市重点高中2012届高三尖子生综合素质展示英语）In Bangkok severe flooding, many major roads ______ north, towards the areas worst affected by the flooding, were largely impassable.A．to lead B．leadingC．led D．to be led【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意：在曼谷的大洪水中，许多通往北方、朝向受洪水影响最严重地区的道路，大部分都无法通行。
此处是-ing 分词短语作后置定语，修把东西撞倒。
根据语意此处应用动词的现在分词形式作结果状语。
6、Microblogs experienced rapid growth in 2010 in China，with the number of microblogoperators,users and visitors several times.A. to increaseB. increasingC. increasedD. increase【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。
后半句是介词with的复合结构，意在表明微博的经营者、使用者和访问者的数量增加了好几倍。
这些人与increase之间是主谓关系，表示状态的持续，故用动词的现在分词形式。
7、Mrs．White found her husband surrounded by letters and papers and_________ very worried．A．look B．looks C．looking D．to look【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意：怀特夫人发现她的丈夫被信件和文件包围着，看起来非常担心。
surrounded by letters and papers和looking very worried都是分词短语作补语，前者表示被动，后者表示主动。
8、The bathroom looks lovely. Did you decorate it yourself or get someone________it?A. be doingB. doneC. doD. to do【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。
该句get sb.to do sth.结构，表示“让某人做某事”，所11、____ with a gradual rise of seawater, some nations in the Pacific are considering moving in the near future.A．Facing B．To, face C．Faced D．Being faced【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。
空处表示“面对海水不断上涨（的情况）”，本题中Faced with 相当于Facing。
12、A terrible air crash happened over the Atlantic Ocean, ___ 150 passengers.A．killing B．having killedC．killed D．to kill【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意：一场可怕的飞机坠毁事故在大西洋上空发生了，150名乘客遇难。
根据句意，此处要用现在分词短语作结果状语。
13、________the danger of drunk driving，many drivers promised never to drive after drinking.A. Real izingB. To have realizedC. RealizedD. Having realized【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。
