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考研英语二阅读讲义语义理解题（词汇题、指代题、句子理解题）【大纲要求】根据上下文推测生词词义。
【题型界定】语义理解题考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语和句子意思的能力，可细分为词汇题、指代题和句子理解题三类。
词汇题所考查的词汇多为超纲词和熟词僻义词，指代题往往问代词指代对象，句子理解题多考作者表述或引用他人某一句话的用意，有时这句话会以比喻或类比等形式出现。
【题干特征】The word/phrase“…”(Line X,Paragraph X)most probably means____________.Which of the following best defines the word“…”(Line X,Paragraph X)?The sentence“…”(Line X,Paragraph X)shows that____________.“This”refers to(Line X,Paragraph X)____________.【词汇题】【解题思路】逻辑关系法1.反义（转折）关系常见引导词：but yet however on the other hand while not ande.g.He is so homely，not as handsome as his brother【词汇题】【解题思路】逻辑关系法2.同义关系常见引导词：and ore.g.job and occupation3.定义关系常见引导词：that is，callede.g.The food is hard but brittle，that is，it can break easily.例题一【2010-2】例：27.Judging from the context,the phrase“wreaking havoc”(Line2,Para.2)most probably means_______.［A］generating motivation［B］exerting influence［C］causing damage［D］creating pressure原文①This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations,they often talk less at home.②And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.①The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late1970s.②Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book Divorce Talk that most of the women she interviewed—but only a few of the men—gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces.③Given the current divorce rate of nearly50percent,that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year—a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.例题二【2012-4】例：36.By saying“to find silver linings”（Para.2）the author suggests that the jobless try to_________.[A]seek subsidies from the government[B]make profits from the troubled economy[C]explore reasons for the unemployment[D]look on the bright side of the recession原文①No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster.②Many said that unemployment,while extremely painful,had improved them in some ways: they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent;they were more aware of the struggles of others.③In limited respects,perhaps the recession will leave society better off.④At the very least,it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses,and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.例题三【2016-1】例：25.The word“coax”(Para.6)is closest in meaning to____.A.persuadeB.frightenC.misguideD.Challenge原文①Indeed,the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all.②But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes.③These kids are going to be surrounded by computers—in their pockets,in their offices,in their homes—for the rest of their lives.④The younger they learn how computers think,how to coax the machine into producing what they want—the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that—the better.【指代题】【解题思路】(1)返回原文，找到该指代词(2)向上搜索，找最近的名词，名词性短语或句子(3)将找到的词、词组或者句子带入替换该指代词，看其意思是否通顺“向上搜索，进行带入”例题一【2013-2】例：26.“Birds of passage”refers to those who.[A]stay in a foreign country temporarily[B]leave their home countries for good[C]immigrate across the Atlantic[D]find permanent jobs overseas原文①A century ago,the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners.②Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay,and who would make some money and then go home.③Between1908and1915,about7million people arrived while about2million departed.④About a quarter of all Italian immigrants,for example,eventually returned to Italy for good.⑤They even had an affectionate nickname,“uccelli di passaggio,”birds of passage.【句子理解题】【大纲要求】理解句子在文中的含义【句子理解题】【解题思路】返回原文，找到该句，根据上下文的逻辑关系进行推断（即考虑该句所在段落中句与句的逻辑关系），或直接结合文章主旨题解题。
考研英语二阅读讲义篇章结构题（例证题&文章续写题）【例证题】通常情况下，例证题考查例子在文章中的作用。
根据例子在文章中所处的不同位置，将例证题进一步划分为1.开头举例2.细节例证3.全文例证【例证题-开头举例】1.例子的标志：(1)example,case,story(2)人名，数字，话语（直接引语&间接引语）2.题干特征：提问写作意图…is mentioned/noted to suggest that___.The example of…is used to show___.3.解题总则：开头举例目的是为了引出主题。
4.解题技巧开头举例型文章的主题在第一段结尾或第二段开头【典型例题】【2003-1】英一例：42.Donovan's story is mentioned in the text to_.[A]introduce the topic of online spying[B]show how he fought for the US[C]give an episode of the information war[D]honor his unique services to the CIA原文：Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet.The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World WarⅡand later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information....These days the Net,...,is reshaping Donovan‘s vocation as well.【典型例题】【2006-3】英一例：31.The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that_____[A]large animals were vulnerable to the changing environment[B]small species survived as large animals disappeared[C]large sea animals may face the same threat today[D]slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones原文：When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world,something strange happened to the large animals:they suddenly became extinct.Smaller species survived.The large, slow-growing animals were easy game,and were quickly hunted to extinction.Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.例题一【2010-2】例：29.Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?［A］The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists.［B］Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities.［C］Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriage.［D］Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.原文Ⅰ①I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room—a women’s group that had invited men to join them.②Throughout the evening,one man had been particularly talkative,frequently offering ideas and anecdotes,while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch.③Toward the end of the evening,I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don’t talk to them.④This man quickly nodded in agreement.⑤He gestured toward his wife and said,“She’s the talker in our family.”⑥The room burst into laughter;the man looked puzzled and hurt.⑦“It’s true,”he explained.⑧“When I come home from work I have nothing to say.⑨If she didn’t keep the conversation going,we’d spend the whole evening in silence.”Ⅱ①This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations,they often talk less at home.②And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.例题二【2013-1】例：21.The joke in Paragraph1is used to illustrate_____.[A]the impact of technological advances[B]the alleviation of job pressure[C]the shrinkage of textile mills[D]the decline of middle-class incomes原文Ⅰ①In an essay entitled“Making It in America,”the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated:The average mill has only two employees today,“a man and a dog.②The man is there to feed the dog,and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”Ⅱ①Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is largely because of the big drop in demand because of the Great Recession,but it is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign workers.【例证题-细节例证】1.细节例证（小例证）的形式特征：段落中间（至少不在首句）2.解题技巧：返回原文，找到该例证所在位置，搜索该例证周围区域，找到例证支持的观点，通常是该段落首句或小例子的前一句。
2016考研英语基础语法讲义语法专题——长难句分析：不考语法，语法渗透在试题中。
长难句会频繁用在阅读，完型等试题当中。
试卷中明确考察的试题主要有一个，即翻译。
考研的难点：词汇和长难句如何攻克：剖析其结构、推敲其译文、总结其特征如何有效破解——通过一套完整的拆分信号，而这套信号就是我们在这次语法课程当中讲到的考研语法体系。
This trend began during the second World War, when several governments came to this conclusion that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail.看到这句是不是有些稍许的茫然This trend began during the second World War, when several governments came to this conclusion.看到这句心里边升起了光明的一线This trend began during the secondWorldWar.再看这句，人生变的色彩斑斓This trend began.这句一看，所有的疑问便烟消云散。
释义：这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家政府得出这样的结论：具体的要求通常是无法具体地预见到的。
以上的那个句子经过层层的抽丝剥剥茧，达到了以下的最精炼的一个呈现。
达到这样的境界的话，你能第一时间抓住句子的主干，从而提高理解的速度和精度。
•真题再现（2004年翻译第46题）•The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse language could be.•结构分析：正确翻译此句关键在于弄清楚which在句子中所指代的先行词是什么。
2017考研英语一新题型历年所有题型及大纲样题全精讲编讲商志主讲介绍：★直取本质，彻底破解，主讲的考研英语传奇系列课程成为了考研界无人能够企及的巅峰之作；★考研英语辅导史上划时代的传奇名师，其课堂批量制造高分，被称为“高分梦工厂”、“牛人集中营”；★教育部考试中心首席专家，高等教育出版社考研英语高分系列图书主编，“考研路上最不可错过的一位英语老师”★考研英语应试教学法第一人,传奇考研英语写作创始人,考研英语辅导神话的缔造者,全国一线城市考研英语首席主讲拨开考研迷雾打破英语瓶颈揭示致命误区铺就高分坦途阅读理解B部分是在2005年才设置的，之前在考研英语试卷上没有这种题型，所以这种题型被称为新题型。
也就是说，迄今为止，新题型一共只考过12年。
其中英语一共考过12次（2005年到2016年）、英语二共考过7次（2010年到2016年）。
一、大纲对阅读理解B部分的要求本部分1篇500---600词左右的文章，共5题,10分。
主要考察考生对诸如连贯性、一致性、逻辑联系等语篇、语段整体特征的理解，即要求考生在理解全文的基础上弄清文章的总体结构和微观结构。
实际上就是《大纲》对考生提出的阅读理解八项技能要求中的第六项“(考生应能)理解文章的整体结构以及单句之间、段落之间的关系”的具体体现。
本部分有5种备选题型，实际考试时将从中仅选择一种进行命题。
需要注意的是：英语一只考前3种。
而英语二只考其中的后2种。
题型一：试题内容是一篇文章中有5个空白处。
每个空白处本应有一个或一组句子。
文章后面有6-7段文字，要求考生根据文章内容从这6-7段文字中选出能放进文章中每个空白处的一段文字，使上下文连贯、一致。
英语一的12年真题中有7年考了这种题型，分别是05、06、08、09、12、13以及2015年。
题型二：在一篇长度约500-600词的文章中，各段落的原有顺序已被打乱。
要求考生根据文章内容和结构将所列段落(6--7个)重新排序，其中1-2个段落在文章中的位置已给出。
考研基础班网络课堂写作讲义北京新东方学校王江涛第一节考研写作总论一、课程安排：1、考研写作总论：评卷实例、复习计划、学习方法、大纲解读2、应用文：书信类、告示类3、段落写作：真题透视、框架结构、启承转合4、两图写作（00、03、06、07）5、一图写作（98、01、02、04、05）6、图表作文二、评卷实例：2001年真题Directions:Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest, but everyone had his/her own understanding of it.There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper to1) show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below,2) give a specific example, and3) give your suggestion as to the best way to show love.1、20分范文：Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest. It is of the utmost importance to the human beings. Everybody not only needs love, but also should give love.As is described in the picture, “love is a lamp which is brighter in darker places.” This is indeed true. People in darker places need more light than ordinary people. Maybe even a dim lightcan give them much hope for a better life and progress. Maybe even a dim light can give them much hope for a better life and progress. Maybe just a thread of light will call forth their strength and courage to step out of their difficulties.For instance when someone is starving to death, just a little food and water from you may save his life. Or when a little girl in a poor rural area drops out of school because of poverty, just a small sum of money from you may support her to finish her schooling and change her life, you have given love which is like a lamp in a dark place where light is most needed.So to sum up, we should offer our help to all who are in need. We expect to get love from others and we also give love to others so when you see someone in difficulty or in distress and in need of help, don’t hesitate to give your love to him. I believe then the relationship between people will be harmonious and our society will be a better place for us to live in.2、18分范文It is generally believed that love is a hot topic which is most talked about. This is true not only in China but also in other countries. We live in different countries, speak different languages, but love is something common to us all. But how to show love may be different with different people in different countries. This is something we should give more thought to.As is shown in the picture, love is like a lamp which shines brightest in dark places. This tells us a simple truth: Love is like a lamp. It is most valuable when it is most needed. For example, once I saw a foreign lady get lost in the street. She could not speak Chinese and nobody seemed to be able to help her. Though my English is not very good and I am a shy person, I thought she needed help very much. I asked her what she wanted. She told me she lost her way, so I showed her the way to her hotel. It was a small thing but she thanked me very much because my help was needed very much. My help was like a lamp in dark places.I think we all should be like a lamp in a dark place, showing our love, giving our help to others, even to strangers. In this way, we can make this world a harmonious and peaceful world.三、复习计划：1、考前复习：1）攻克词汇：2）精研真题：词汇、句子结构、选项设置、英译汉、背诵3）适当模考：2、写作练习：3、时间分配：1）14：00－14：15 写作A节2）14：15－14：50 写作B节3）14：50－16：00 阅读A节4）16：00－16：20 完型填空5）16：20－16：40 阅读B节6）16：40－17：00 阅读C节第二节应用文一、学习方法：（一）提高实力：1、十遍精读：1）精彩词汇2）精彩词组3）精彩句型4）句子结构：简单句（主干＋修饰成分）、从句、时态、冠词、主谓一致5）段落结构：总分总，主题句＋论证（＋小结）6）关联词：小作文3－5个，大作文5－7个7）同义替换：词汇＋句型8）代词替换：it, that, they9）精彩观点：10）原因建议：2、背诵：滚瓜烂熟、脱口而出、多多益善3、默写：发现写作弱点4、中译英：提高写作实力5、写作：模仿（二）掌握技巧：万能框架二、大纲解读：（一）评价目标：考生应能写不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等，还应能写一般描述性、叙述性和说明或议论性的文章。
第三节插入语插入语指插在句子中间，对句子起补充或附加的说明的成分。
通常与句中其它成分没有语法上的关系，若将其去掉，句子结构仍然完整。
例如：You,indeed,is a good friend.副词可以充当插入语。
例1：Facebook,therefore,is a self-enhancer’s paradise.(英二2014T2）因此，Facebook就成为了自我拉抬者的乐园。
例2：The French measures,however,rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture..... (英一2016T1）然而，法国的措施过于依赖严厉惩罚来改变一种文化。
介词短语可以充当插入语。
例3：Guilt,in other words,can help hold a cooperative species together.（英二2019T1）换言之，内疚感有助于将一个合作性物种凝聚在一起。
例4：The Olympic bidders,by contrast,wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes.（英二2017T1）相比之下，奥运会申办者则希望让更多人参与运动且产生更多的精英运动员。
例5：The reason,in fact,may be just the opposite:there is too much happiness in the world today.（英一2006T4）事实上，原因可能正好相反，如今的世界上有太多的快乐。
例6：Many people talked of the288,000new jobs the Labor Department reported for June,along with the drop in the unemployment rate to6.1percent,as good news.（英二2015T4）许多人将劳工部六月所公布的“就业岗位新增28.8万，且失业率降至6.1%”视为福音大加谈论。
