最新人大附真题
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2023-2024学年北京市中国人民大学附属中学高一下学期统练四数学试题一、单选题:本题共10小题,每小题5分,共50分。
在每小题给出的选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1.已知向量满足,则()A. B.0 C.5 D.72.是圆心为O的单位圆上两个动点,当面积最大时,则下列判断错误的是()A. B.弧AB的长为C.扇形AOB的面积为D.等边三角形3.如图,圆O的半径为1,A是圆上的定点,P是圆上的动点,角x的始边为射线OA,终边为射线OP,过点P作直线OA的垂线,垂足为M,将点M到直线OP的距离表示为x的函数,则在上的图像大致为()A. B.C. D.4.将函数的图象向左平移个单位后得到函数的图象,若函数的最大值为a,则a的值不可能为()A.1B.C.2D.5.“”是“为第一或第三象限角”的()A.充分而不必要条件B.必要而不充分条件C.充分必要条件D.既不充分也不必要条件6.关于函数,给出下列三个命题:①是周期函数;②曲线关于直线对称;③在区间上恰有3个零点.④最小值为其中真命题的个数为()A.1 B.2C.3D.47.在中,,则()A.为直角B.为钝角C.为直角D.为钝角8.在中,是AC 的中点,则的取值范围是A. B. C.D.9.已知,则下列说法错误的是()A.若在内单调,则B.若在内无零点,则 C.若的最小正周期为,则D.若时,直线是函数图象的一条对称轴10.在中,,,点P 在BC 边上,且,则的取值范围是()A.B.C.D.二、填空题:本题共5小题,每小题5分,共25分。
11.若的虚部__________.12.已知中,,则__________.13.在中,,满足此条件有两解,则BC 边长度的取值范围为_________.14.已知,则__________15.设的内角所对边的长分别为①若,则;②若则;③若,则一定为等腰直角三角形;④若,则一定为钝角三角形;⑤若,则一定为锐角三角形.则上述命题中正确的是__________写出所有正确命题的编号三、解答题:本题共3小题,共36分。
人大附中试题及答案一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. 根据题目所给的数学公式,下列哪个选项是正确的?A. \( a^2 + b^2 = c^2 \)B. \( a^2 - b^2 = c^2 \)C. \( a^2 + 2ab + b^2 = c^2 \)D. \( a^2 - 2ab + b^2 = c^2 \)2. 以下哪个历史事件标志着中国近代史的开端?A. 鸦片战争B. 辛亥革命C. 五四运动D. 抗日战争3. 英语中,下列哪个短语的用法是正确的?A. Look up to someoneB. Look down to someoneC. Look over to someoneD. Look through to someone4. 物理学中,下列哪个选项描述的是光的折射现象?A. 光从空气进入水中,速度变慢B. 光从水中进入空气,速度变快C. 光从空气进入水中,光线方向不变D. 光从水中进入空气,光线方向发生偏折5. 化学中,下列哪个元素的原子序数是26?A. 铁(Fe)B. 铜(Cu)C. 锌(Zn)D. 镍(Ni)6. 根据题目所给的地理信息,下列哪个国家位于赤道附近?A. 加拿大B. 俄罗斯C. 巴西D. 挪威7. 在生物分类学中,下列哪个选项属于同一科的生物?A. 狮子和老虎B. 狗和狼C. 马和驴D. 鲸鱼和海豚8. 根据题目所给的文学片段,下列哪个选项是正确的作者?A. 鲁迅B. 巴金C. 老舍D. 郭沫若9. 经济学中,下列哪个选项是通货膨胀的典型特征?A. 货币供应量减少B. 物价水平持续下降C. 货币购买力下降D. 失业率上升10. 计算机科学中,下列哪个选项是操作系统的基本功能?A. 程序编译B. 网络通信C. 内存管理D. 数据加密二、填空题(每题2分,共20分)11. 在数学中,勾股定理的公式是 \( ______ \)。
12. 中国的首都是 ______。
2023-2024学年北京市中国人民大学附属中学分校中考模拟数学试题一、选择题:本题共8小题,每小题3分,共24分。
在每小题给出的选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1.如图,由7个大小相同的小正方体拼成的几何体,其主视图是()A. B. C. D.2.河北张家口每年可向北京地区输送风能、太阳能、生物质能等绿电约22500000000千瓦时,其中数据22500000000用科学记数法表示为()A. B. C. D.3.实数a,b在数轴上的对应点的位置如图所示,下列结论正确的是()A. B. C. D.4.下列运算结果正确的是()A. B. C. D.5.一个不透明的口袋中有四张卡片,上面分别写有数字,除数字外四张卡片无其他区别.随机从这个口袋中同时取出两张卡片,卡片上的数字之和等于5的概率是()A. B. C. D.6.关于x的方程有两个不相等的实数根,则实数a的值可能为()A.2B.C.3D.7.下列说法错误的是()A.圆周长C是半径r的正比例函数B.对角线相等的四边形是矩形C.菱形的对角线互相垂直平分D.方差越大,波动越大8.某校决定从三名男生和两名女生中选出两名同学担任校艺术节文艺演出专场的主持人,则选出的恰为一男一女的概率是()A. B. C. D.二、填空题:本题共8小题,每小题3分,共24分。
9.式子在实数范围内有意义,则x的取值范围是__________.10.方程的解为__________.11.分解因式:__________12.甲、乙两同学近期6次数学单元测试成绩的平均分相同,甲同学成绩的方差分,乙同学成绩的方差分,则他们的数学测试成绩较稳定的是__________填“甲”或“乙”13.在平面直角坐标系xOy中,直线与双曲线交于,两点,则的值为__________.14.如图,在▱中,延长CD至点E,使,连接BE与AC于点F,则的值是__________.15.以下表格为摄氏温度和华氏温度部分计量值对应表摄氏温度值010********华氏温度值32506886104122根据表格信息,当华氏温度的值和摄氏温度的值相等时,这个值是__________.16.图是在浦东陆家嘴明代陆深古墓中发掘出来的宝玉——明白玉幻方.其背面有方框四行十六格,为四阶幻方从1到16,一共十六个数目,它们的纵列、横行与两条对角线上4个数相加之和均为小明探究后发现,这个四阶幻方中的数满足下面规律:在四阶幻方中,当数a,b,c,d有如图1的位置关系时,均有如图2,已知此幻方中的一些数,则x的值为__________.三、解答题:本题共12小题,共96分。
北京海淀区中国人民大学附属中学2024学年高三数学试题下学期第二次质量检测试题考生须知:1.全卷分选择题和非选择题两部分,全部在答题纸上作答。
选择题必须用2B 铅笔填涂;非选择题的答案必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔写在“答题纸”相应位置上。
2.请用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔在“答题纸”上先填写姓名和准考证号。
3.保持卡面清洁,不要折叠,不要弄破、弄皱,在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。
一、选择题:本题共12小题,每小题5分,共60分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1.若()5211x a x ⎛⎫+- ⎪⎝⎭的展开式中的常数项为-12,则实数a 的值为( ) A .-2B .-3C .2D .32.复数z 满足()11i z i +=-,则z =( )A .1i -B .1i +C .2222i - D .2222i + 3.某校为提高新入聘教师的教学水平,实行“老带新”的师徒结对指导形式,要求每位老教师都有徒弟,每位新教师都有一位老教师指导,现选出3位老教师负责指导5位新入聘教师,则不同的师徒结对方式共有( )种. A .360B .240C .150D .1204.己知四棱锥-S ABCD 中,四边形ABCD 为等腰梯形,//AD BC ,120BAD ︒∠=,ΔSAD 是等边三角形,且23SA AB ==;若点P 在四棱锥-S ABCD 的外接球面上运动,记点P 到平面ABCD 的距离为d ,若平面SAD ⊥平面ABCD ,则d 的最大值为( ) A .131+ B .132+ C .151+ D .152+5.已知函数,其中04?,?04b c ≤≤≤≤,记函数满足条件:(2)12{(2)4f f ≤-≤为事件A ,则事件A发生的概率为 A .14B .58C .38D .126.已知随机变量i ξ满足()()221kkk i i i P k C p p ξ-==-,1,2i =,0,1,2k =.若21211p p <<<,则( ) A .()()12E E ξξ<,()()12D D ξξ< B .()()12E E ξξ<,()()12D D ξξ>C .()()12E E ξξ>,()()12D D ξξ< D .()()12E E ξξ>,()()12D D ξξ>7.若21i iz =-+,则z 的虚部是A .3B .3-C .3iD .3i -8.已知集合{}{}2|1,|31x A x x B x ==<,则()RAB =( )A .{|0}x x <B .{|01}x xC .{|10}x x -<D .{|1}x x -9.函数()256f x x x =-+的定义域为( )A .{2x x ≤或}3x ≥B .{3x x ≤-或}2x ≥- C .{}23x x ≤≤D .{}32x x -≤≤-10.圆柱被一平面截去一部分所得几何体的三视图如图所示,则该几何体的体积为( )A .12πB .32π C .2π D .3π11.欧拉公式为cos sin ix e x i x =+,(i 虚数单位)是由瑞士著名数学家欧拉发现的,它将指数函数的定义域扩大到复数,建立了三角函数和指数函数的关系,它在复变函数论里非常重要,被誉为“数学中的天桥”.根据欧拉公式可知,3i e π表示的复数位于复平面中的( ) A .第一象限B .第二象限C .第三象限D .第四象限12.我国数学家陈景润在哥德巴赫猜想的研究中取得了世界领先的成果.哥德巴赫猜想是“每个大于2的偶数可以表示为两个素数(即质数)的和”,如16511=+,30723=+.在不超过20的素数中,随机选取两个不同的数,其和等于20的概率是( ) A .114B .112C .328D .以上都不对二、填空题:本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分。
一、选择题(每题5分,共25分)1. 下列数中,不是有理数的是()A. 0.5B. -3C. √4D. π2. 如果a和b是两个实数,且a < b,那么下列不等式中一定成立的是()A. a + 1 < b + 1B. a - 1 < b - 1C. a × 1 < b × 1D. a ÷ 1 < b ÷ 13. 下列哪个图形的面积可以用公式S = πr² 计算?()A. 正方形B. 矩形C. 三角形D. 圆4. 在直角坐标系中,点A(-2,3)关于原点的对称点是()A. (2,-3)B. (-2,-3)C. (3,-2)D. (-3,2)5. 下列哪个方程的解是x = 2?()A. x + 1 = 3B. 2x - 1 = 3C. 2x + 1 = 3D. x - 2 = 3二、填空题(每题5分,共25分)6. (2/3)×(-4/5)= ______7. (-3)² = ______8. (√9)×(√16)= ______9. 0.8 - 0.2 × 1.5 = ______10. 5 + 3 × 2 - 4 = ______三、解答题(共50分)11. (10分)计算下列各式的值:(1)2³ × 3²(2)(-2)⁴ ÷ (-2)²(3)√(25 - 16)12. (10分)解下列方程:(1)2x - 3 = 7(2)5(x + 2) = 3x + 1013. (10分)判断下列命题的真假,并说明理由:(1)任何两个实数的和都是实数。
(2)任何两个实数的乘积都是实数。
14. (10分)在直角坐标系中,点B(4,-2),点C(-3,-2),求直线BC的解析式。
15. (10分)已知等腰三角形ABC中,AB = AC,AD是高,且AD = 4,BC = 6,求三角形ABC的面积。
北京海淀人大附2024届高一数学第二学期期末统考试题注意事项1.考试结束后,请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.2.答题前,请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用0.5毫米黑色墨水的签字笔填写在试卷及答题卡的规定位置. 3.请认真核对监考员在答题卡上所粘贴的条形码上的姓名、准考证号与本人是否相符. 4.作答选择题,必须用2B 铅笔将答题卡上对应选项的方框涂满、涂黑;如需改动,请用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案.作答非选择题,必须用05毫米黑色墨水的签字笔在答题卡上的指定位置作答,在其他位置作答一律无效.5.如需作图,须用2B 铅笔绘、写清楚,线条、符号等须加黑、加粗.一、选择题:本大题共10小题,每小题5分,共50分。
在每个小题给出的四个选项中,恰有一项是符合题目要求的1.设全集U =R ,集合{}13A x x =-<<,{}21B x x x =≤-≥或,则()U A C B =( )A .{}11x x -<< B .{}23x x -<< C .{}23x x -≤<D .{}21x x x ≤->-或2.若α是第四象限角,则πα-是( ) A .第一象限角 B .第二象限角 C .第三象限角D .第四象限角3.已知角α的终边上有一点P (sin23π,cos 23π),则tanα=( )A .BC .D4.在ABC 中,1cos 2A =-,BC =ABC 的外接圆半径为( )A .1B .2C D .5.已知函数()ln(1)f x x =+,()g x kx =(*k N ∈),若对任意的(0,)x t ∈(0t >),恒有2()()f x g x x -<,那么k 的取值集合是( ) A .{1}B .{2}C .{1,2}D .{1,2,3}6.一个钟表的分针长为 10,经过35分钟,分针扫过图形的面积是( ) A .353πB .1753πC .3153πD .1756π7.已知等差数列{}n a 中,若261,5a a =-=-,则7S =( )A .-21B .-15C .-12D .-178.若a b >,则下列不等式成立的是( ) A .11a b< B .22ax bx > C .22a b >D .33x xa b > 9.在边长为(a 2)a >的正方形内有一个半径为1的圆,向正方形中随机扔一粒豆子(忽略大小,视为质点),若它落在该圆内的概率为35,则用随机模拟的方法得到的圆周率π的近似值为( )A .235a B .225a C .25a D .35a10.设0,0a b >>,且4a b +=,则a bab+的最小值为 ( ) A .8 B .4C .2D .1二、填空题:本大题共6小题,每小题5分,共30分。
---人大附中2023年高考数学试卷答案选择题1. 下列函数中,定义域为实数集R的是()A. $y = \sqrt{x^2 - 1}$B. $y = \frac{1}{x}$C. $y = \log_2(x + 1)$D. $y = \sqrt[3]{x}$答案:D解析:A选项中,当$x^2 - 1 < 0$时,函数无定义;B选项中,当$x = 0$时,函数无定义;C选项中,当$x + 1 \leq 0$时,函数无定义。
只有D选项的定义域为实数集R。
2. 若$a, b, c$是等差数列的前三项,且$a + b + c = 9$,$abc = 27$,则该等差数列的公差是()A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 5答案:B解析:由等差数列的性质,有$a + c = 2b$。
结合$a + b + c = 9$,得$3b = 9$,即$b = 3$。
又因为$abc = 27$,代入$b = 3$得$ac = 9$。
又因为$a + c = 6$,解得$a = 1$,$c = 5$。
因此,公差$d = c - b = 2$。
3. 在平面直角坐标系中,点$A(2, 3)$关于直线$x + y = 5$的对称点为$B$,则$|AB|$的长度是()A. 2C. 4D. 5答案:C解析:设点$B$的坐标为$(x, y)$,则根据对称性,有$\frac{x + 2}{2} +\frac{y + 3}{2} = 5$,解得$x + y = 8$。
又因为$A$和$B$关于直线$x + y =5$对称,所以$x + y = 10$。
解得$x = 3$,$y = 5$。
因此,$|AB| = \sqrt{(3 - 2)^2 + (5 - 3)^2} = \sqrt{2 + 4} = \sqrt{6}$。
填空题4. 已知函数$f(x) = x^3 - 3x^2 + 4x - 6$,则$f(2023)$的值是______。
答案:-2312解析:由于$f(x)$是三次多项式,我们可以通过计算$f(1)$、$f(2)$、$f(3)$、$f(4)$来观察函数的增减性。
名校七年级数学分班考试真题一、计算题1.计算:1019211122 217 1322513563-⨯÷+⨯÷2.计算:199419931994199319941994⨯-⨯3.计算:111211150% 145311111 31150%51150%21 33345⎛⎫-+⎪5+⨯⎪⎛⎫⎪++++-⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭4.计算:1313 1112435911⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫-⨯-⨯⋯⨯-⎪ ⎪ ⎪⨯⨯⨯⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭5.计算:121231234122001 223234232001 ++++++++⋯+⨯⨯⨯⋯⨯+++++⋯+6.计算:8.01×1.25+8.02×1.24+8.03×1.23+8.04×1.22+8.05×1.21的整数部分.二、填空题7.小李计算从1开始的若干个连续自然数的和,结果不小心把1当成10来计算,得到错误的结果恰好是100。
那么小李计算的这些数中,最大的一个是多少?8.从1开始,按1,2,3,4,5 ,…,的顺序在黑板上写到某数,擦掉的数为止,把其中一个数擦掉后,剩下的数的平均数是59017是多少?9.一个各位数字互不相同的四位数,它的百位数字最大,比十位数字大2 ,比个位数字大1。
还知道这个四位数的4个数字和为27,那么这个四位数十多少?10.有一个等差数列,其中3项a, b, c能构成一个等比数列;还有3项d, e, f 也能构成一个等比数列,如果这6个数互不相同,那么这个等差数列至少有几项?11. 在乘法算式ABCBD ×ABCBD=CCCBCCBBCB 中,相同的字母代表相同的数字,不同的字母代表不同的数字,如果D=9,那么A+B+C 的值是多少?12. 如下图,在方框里填数,使得算式成立,那么所有方框内数的和是多少?1 9 8 8× 口 口——————————口 7 口 口 口口 5 口 口 口 口———————————口 口 口 口 口 口13. 如果1006266222n ⋯6⋯个个能整除,那么自然数n 的最小值是多少?14. 已知:999999999能整除22221n ⋯2 个,那么自然数n 的最小值是多少?15. 22221239+++⋯+除以3的余数是多少?16. 50个互不相同的非零自然数的和为101101,那么它们的最大公约数的最大值是多少?17. 自然数n 是48的倍数,但不是28的倍数,并且n 恰好有48个约数(包括1和它本身),那么n 的最小值是多少?18. 某正整数被63除商为31,余数为42,那么这个正整数所有质因数的和是多少?19. 我们可以找到n 个自然数,用它们的和乘以它们的积,结果恰好等于2001,那么n 的最小值是多少?20.算式1×4×7×10×…×100的计算结果,末尾有多少个连续的0?21.一群林场工人与学生一起在去年冬天挖好的坑中植树,平均1名林场工人1小时可植树15棵,1名学生1小时可植树11颗。
2024年北京市人大附中分校中考数学二模试卷一.选择题(每小题2分,共16分)1.(2分)下列立体图形的主视图、左视图、俯视图都一样的是( )A.B.C.D.2.(2分)2015年9月14日,通过位于美国的两个LIGO探测器,人类第一次探测到了引力波的存在,这次引力波的信号显著性极其大,探测结果只有三百五十万分之一的误差.三百五十万分之一约为0.0000002857.将0.0000002857用科学记数法表示应为( )A.2.857×10﹣7B.2.857×10﹣6C.0.2857×10﹣6D.2.857×10﹣83.(2分)某个几何体的三视图如图所示,该几何体是( )A.B.C.D.4.(2分)实数a,b,c在数轴上对应点的位置如图所示,若|a|=|c|,则下列结论中正确的是( )A.a+c>0B.a﹣b>0C.|a|>b D.ab>05.(2分)如图,直线a∥b,点B在直线a上,AB⊥BC,若∠1=42°,则∠2的度数为( )A.42°B.58°C.48°D.138°6.(2分)盒中有1枚白色棋子和2枚黑色棋子,这三枚棋子除颜色外无其他差别,从中随机摸出一枚棋子,记录其颜色,放回后,再从中随机摸出一枚棋子,记录其颜色,那么两次记录的颜色不同的概率是( )A.B.C.D.7.(2分)已知x+y=4,x﹣y=,则式子(x﹣y+)(x+y﹣)的值是( )A.48B.12C.16D.128.(2分)足球运动员将足球沿与地面成一定角度的方向踢出,足球飞行的路线是一条抛物线,不考虑空气阻力,足球距离地面的高度h(单位:m)与足球被踢出后经过的时间t(单位:s)之间的关系如下表:t01234567…h08141820201814…下列结论:①足球距离地面的最大高度为20m;②足球飞行路线的对称轴是直线t=;③足球被踢出9s时落地;④足球被踢出1.5s时,距离地面的高度是11m.其中正确结论的个数是( )A.1B.2C.3D.4二、填空题:(每题2分,共16分)9.(2分)若代数式有意义,则实数x的取值范围是 .10.(2分)已知整数m满足,则m的最大值是 .11.(2分)因式分解:2x2﹣2= .12.(2分)已知扇形的圆心角为120°,半径6cm,那么扇形的面积为 cm2.13.(2分)如图,在矩形ABCD中,E是边AB的中点,连结DE交对角线AC于点F,若AB=4,AD=3,则AF的长为 .14.(2分)有甲,乙两组数据,如表所示,甲,乙两组数据的方差分别为s 2甲,s 2乙,则s 2甲 s 2乙(选填“>”,“<”或“=”)甲1012131416乙121213141415.(2分)如图,线段AB 的端点B 在直线MN 上,过线段AB 上的一点O 作MN 的平行线,分别交∠ABM 和∠ABN 的平分线于点C ,D ,连接AC ,AD .添加一个适当的条件:当 时,四边形ACBD为矩形.16.(2分)某生产基地有五台机器设备,现有五项工作待完成,每台机器完成每项工作获得的效益值如下表所示.若每台机器只完成一项工作,则完成五项工作的效益值总和的最大值为 .工作效益机器一二三四五甲1517141715乙2223212020丙913141210丁7911911戊1315141511三、解答题(本题共68分,第17-20题,每题5分,第21题6分,第22-23题5分,第24-26题,每题6分,第27-28题,每题7分)17.(5分)计算:.18.(5分)解不等式式:.19.(5分)已知2a2+3a﹣6=0.求代数式3a(2a+1)﹣(2a+1)(2a﹣1)的值.20.(5分)在证明圆周角定理时,某学习小组讨论出圆心与圆周角有三种不同的位置关系(如图1,2,3所示),小敏说:当圆心O在∠ACB的边上时,只要利用三角形内角和定理的推论和等腰三角形的性质即可证明.小亮说:当圆心O在∠ACB的内部或外部时,可以通过添加直径这条辅助线,把问题转化为圆心O在∠ACB的边上时的特殊情形来解决.请选择图2或图3中的一种,完成证明.圆周角定理:一条弧所对的圆周角等于它所对的圆心角的一半.已知:如图,在⊙O中,所对的圆周角是∠ACB,圆心角是∠AOB.求证:∠ACB=∠AOB.21.(5分)我市某学校落实立德树人根本任务,构建“五育并举”教育体系,开设了“厨艺、园艺、电工、木工、编织”五大类劳动课程.为了解七年级学生对每类课程的选择情况,随机抽取了七年级若干名学生进行调查(每人只选一类最喜欢的课程),将调查结果绘制成如图两幅不完整的统计图:(1)本次随机调查的学生人数为 人;(2)补全条形统计图;(3)若该校七年级共有800名学生,请估计该校七年级学生选择“厨艺”劳动课程的人数;(4)七(1)班计划在“园艺、电工、木工、编织”四大类劳动课程中任选两类参加学校期末展示活动,请用列表或画树状图的方法,求恰好选中“园艺、编织”这两类劳动课程的概率.22.(5分)为落实“双减”政策,某校让学生每天体育锻炼1小时,同时购买了甲、乙两种不同的足球.已知购买甲种足球共花费2500元,购买乙种足球共花费2000元,购买甲种足球的数量是购买乙种足球数量的2倍,且购买一个乙种足球比购买一个甲种足球多花30元.(1)求两种足球的单价;(2)为进一步推进课外活动,学校再次购买甲、乙两种足球共50个,若学校此次购买两种足球总费用不超过3000元,则学校至多购买乙种足球多少个?23.(5分)如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy中,函数y=(x>0)的图象与直线y=kx(k≠0)交于点P(1,p).M是函数y=(x>0)图象上一点,过M作x轴的平行线交直线y=kx(k≠0)于点N.(1)求k和p的值;(2)设点M的横坐标为m.①求点N的坐标;(用含m的代数式表示)②若△OMN的面积大于,结合图象直接写出m的取值范围.24.(6分)如图,△ABC内接于⊙O,AB为直径,作OD⊥AB交AC于点D,延长BC,OD交于点F,过点C作⊙O的切线CE,交OF于点E.(1)求证:EC=ED;(2)如果OA=4,EF=3,求弦AC的长.25.(6分)“城市轨道交通是现代大城市交通的发展方向,发展轨道交通是解决大城市病的有效途径.”如图1,北京地铁(BeijingSubway)是中华人民共和国北京市的城市轨道交通系统,规划于1953年,始建于1965年,运营于1969年,是中国第一个地铁系统.小华了解到列车从慈寿寺站开往花园桥站时,在距离停车线256米处开始减速.他想知道列车从减速开始,经过多少秒停下来,以及最后一秒滑行的距离.为了解决这个问题,小华通过建立函数模型来描述列车离停车线的距离s(米)与滑行时间t(秒)的函数关系,再应用该函数解决相应的问题.(1)建立模型①收集数据r(秒)04812162024…s(米)256196144100643616…②建立平面直角坐标系为了观察s(米)与t(秒)的关系,建立如图2所示的平面直角坐标系.③描点连线请在平面直角坐标系中将表中未描出的点补充完整,并用平滑的曲线依次连接.④选择函数模型观察这条曲线的形状,它可能是 函数的图象.⑤求函数解析式解:设s=at2+bt+c(a≠0),因为t=0时,s=256,所以c=256,则s=at2+bt+256.请根据表格中的数据,求a,b的值.验证:把a,b的值代入s=at2+bt+256中,并将其余几对值代入求出的解析式,发现它们都满足该函数解析式.(2)应用模型列车从减速开始经过 秒,列车停止;最后一秒钟,列车滑行的距离为 米.26.(7分)在平面直角坐标系xOy中,点(x0,m),(a﹣1,n),是抛物线y=ax2﹣2a2x上的点,x0≠a﹣1.(1)当x0=2,m=n时,求a和n的值;(2)若﹣4≤x0≤﹣3时,mn<0,求a的取值范围.27.(7分)已知:Rt△ABC中,∠ACB=90°,AC=BC.(1)如图1,点D是BC边上一点(不与点B,C重合),连接AD,过点B作BE⊥AD,交AD的延长线于点E,连接CE.若∠BAD=α,求∠DBE的大小(用含α的式子表示);(2)如图2,点D在线段BC的延长线上时,连接AD,过点B作BE⊥AD,垂足E在线段AD上,连接CE.①依题意补全图2;②用等式表示线段EA,EB和EC之间的数量关系,并证明.28.(7分)设平面内一点到等边三角形中心的距离为d,等边三角形的内切圆半径为r,外接圆半径为R.对于一个点与等边三角形,给出如下定义:满足r≤d≤R的点叫做等边三角形的中心关联点.在平面直角坐标系xOy中,等边△ABC的三个顶点的坐标分别为A(0,2),B(﹣,﹣1),C(,﹣1).(1)已知点D(2,2),E(,1),F(﹣,﹣1).在D,E,F中,是等边△ABC的中心关联点的是 ;(2)如图1,过点A作直线交x轴正半轴于M,使∠AMO=30°.①若线段AM上存在等边△ABC的中心关联点P(m,n),求m的取值范围;②将直线AM向下平移得到直线y=kx+b,当b满足什么条件时,直线y=kx+b上总存在等边△ABC的中心关联点;(直接写出答案,不需过程)(3)如图2,点Q为直线y=﹣1上一动点,⊙Q的半径为.当Q从点(﹣4,﹣1)出发,以每秒1个单位的速度向右移动,运动时间为t秒.是否存在某一时刻t,使得⊙Q上所有点都是等边△ABC的中心关联点?如果存在,请直接写出所有符合题意的t的值;如果不存在,请说明理由.参考答案与试题解析一.选择题(每小题2分,共16分)1.(2分)下列立体图形的主视图、左视图、俯视图都一样的是( )A.B.C.D.【解答】解:因为球体的三视图都是大小相同的圆形,因此选项C正确;故选:C.2.(2分)2015年9月14日,通过位于美国的两个LIGO探测器,人类第一次探测到了引力波的存在,这次引力波的信号显著性极其大,探测结果只有三百五十万分之一的误差.三百五十万分之一约为0.0000002857.将0.0000002857用科学记数法表示应为( )A.2.857×10﹣7B.2.857×10﹣6C.0.2857×10﹣6D.2.857×10﹣8【解答】解:0.0000002857=2.857×10﹣7.故选:A.3.(2分)某个几何体的三视图如图所示,该几何体是( )A.B.C.D.【解答】解:由三视图可知这个几何体是:故选:A.4.(2分)实数a,b,c在数轴上对应点的位置如图所示,若|a|=|c|,则下列结论中正确的是( )A.a+c>0B.a﹣b>0C.|a|>b D.ab>0【解答】解:∵|a|=|c|,∴原点在a,c的中间,如图:由图可得:|a|>|b|,∴a+c=0,a﹣b<0,|a|>b,ab<0,故选项C正确.故选:C.5.(2分)如图,直线a∥b,点B在直线a上,AB⊥BC,若∠1=42°,则∠2的度数为( )A.42°B.58°C.48°D.138°【解答】解:如图,∵AB⊥BC,∴∠ABC=90°∴∠1+∠3=90°∵∠1=42°,∴∠3=90°﹣42°=48°,∵a∥b,∴∠2=∠3=48°,故选:C.6.(2分)盒中有1枚白色棋子和2枚黑色棋子,这三枚棋子除颜色外无其他差别,从中随机摸出一枚棋子,记录其颜色,放回后,再从中随机摸出一枚棋子,记录其颜色,那么两次记录的颜色不同的概率是( )A.B.C.D.【解答】解:根据题意画树状图:由图可得所有等可能的情况有9种,其中两次摸出棋子颜色不同的情况有4种,所以.故选:D.7.(2分)已知x+y=4,x﹣y=,则式子(x﹣y+)(x+y﹣)的值是( )A.48B.12C.16D.12【解答】解:(x﹣y+)(x+y﹣)=•=•=(x+y)(x﹣y),当x+y=4,x﹣y=时,原式=4=12,故选:D.8.(2分)足球运动员将足球沿与地面成一定角度的方向踢出,足球飞行的路线是一条抛物线,不考虑空气阻力,足球距离地面的高度h(单位:m)与足球被踢出后经过的时间t(单位:s)之间的关系如下表:t01234567…h08141820201814…下列结论:①足球距离地面的最大高度为20m;②足球飞行路线的对称轴是直线t=;③足球被踢出9s时落地;④足球被踢出1.5s时,距离地面的高度是11m.其中正确结论的个数是( )A.1B.2C.3D.4【解答】解:由题意,抛物线的解析式为h=at(t﹣9),把(1,8)代入可得a=﹣1,∴h=﹣t2+9t=﹣(t﹣4.5)2+20.25,∴足球距离地面的最大高度为20.25m,故①错误,∴抛物线的对称轴为直线t=4.5,故②正确,∵t=9时,h=0,∴足球被踢出9s时落地,故③正确,∵t=1.5时,h=11.25,故④错误.∴正确的有②③,故选:B.二、填空题:(每题2分,共16分)9.(2分)若代数式有意义,则实数x的取值范围是 x≠±2 .【解答】解:∵代数式若有意义,则x2﹣4≠0,x2≠4,x≠±2,故答案为:x≠±2.10.(2分)已知整数m满足,则m的最大值是 3 .【解答】解:∵,即,∴整数m的最大值是3,故答案为:3.11.(2分)因式分解:2x2﹣2= 2(x+1)(x﹣1) .【解答】解:原式=2(x2﹣1)=2(x+1)(x﹣1).故答案为:2(x+1)(x﹣1).12.(2分)已知扇形的圆心角为120°,半径6cm,那么扇形的面积为 12π cm2.【解答】解:扇形的面积为=12π(cm2),故答案为:12π.13.(2分)如图,在矩形ABCD中,E是边AB的中点,连结DE交对角线AC于点F,若AB=4,AD=3,则AF的长为 .【解答】解:∵四边形ABCD为矩形,∴AB=CD,AD=BC,AB∥CD,∴∠FAE=∠FCD,又∵∠AFE=∠CFD,∴△AFE∽△CFD,∴==2.∵AC==5,∴AF=AC=.故答案为:.14.(2分)有甲,乙两组数据,如表所示,甲,乙两组数据的方差分别为s2甲,s2乙,则s2甲 > s2乙(选填“>”,“<”或“=”)甲1012131416乙1212131414【解答】解:由表格可知:甲组数据的平均数为:=13,乙组数据的平均数为:=13,∴甲组数据的方差为:,乙组数据的方差为:,∴乙组数据的方差小,故答案为:>.15.(2分)如图,线段AB的端点B在直线MN上,过线段AB上的一点O作MN的平行线,分别交∠ABM 和∠ABN的平分线于点C,D,连接AC,AD.添加一个适当的条件:当 O是AB的中点 时,四边形ACBD为矩形.【解答】解:添加条件为:O是AB的中点,理由如下:∵CD∥MN,∴∠OCB=∠CBM,∵BC平分∠ABM,∴∠OBC=∠CBM,∴∠OCB=∠OBC,∴OC=OB,同理可证:OB=OD,∴OB=OC=OD,∵O是AB的中点,∴OA=OB,∴四边形ACBD是平行四边形,∵CD=OC+OD,AB=OA+OB,∴AB=CD,∴平行四边形ACBD是矩形,故答案为:O是AB的中点.16.(2分)某生产基地有五台机器设备,现有五项工作待完成,每台机器完成每项工作获得的效益值如下表所示.若每台机器只完成一项工作,则完成五项工作的效益值总和的最大值为 79 .工作效益机器一二三四五甲1517141715乙2223212020丙913141210丁7911911戊1315141511【解答】解:由表知道,五项工作后获得的效益值总和最大为17+23+14+11+15=80,但不能同时取得;要使总和最大,甲可以承担第二或四项工作,得效益值17;丙只能承担第三项工作,得效益值14;丁则不可以承担第三项工作,所以丁承担第五项工作,得效益值11;①乙若承担第二项工作,戊承担第一项工作,甲承担第四项工作,此时效益值总和为17+23+14+11+13=78;②乙若不承担第二项工作,则承担第一项,甲承担第二项工作,则戊承担第四项工作,此时效益值总和为17+22+14+11+15=79,∴甲承担第二项,乙承担第一项,丙承担第三项,丁承担第五项,戊承担第四项工作时,完成五项工作的效益值总和的最大值是79,故答案为:79.三、解答题(本题共68分,第17-20题,每题5分,第21题6分,第22-23题5分,第24-26题,每题6分,第27-28题,每题7分)17.(5分)计算:.【解答】解:原式=2+3﹣2×+﹣1=2+3﹣+﹣1=4.18.(5分)解不等式式:.【解答】解:,解不等式①得:x≤﹣2,解不等式②得:x<3,故不等式组的解集为x≤﹣2.19.(5分)已知2a2+3a﹣6=0.求代数式3a(2a+1)﹣(2a+1)(2a﹣1)的值.【解答】解:∵2a2+3a﹣6=0,即2a2+3a=6,∴原式=6a2+3a﹣4a2+1=2a2+3a+1=6+1=7.20.(5分)在证明圆周角定理时,某学习小组讨论出圆心与圆周角有三种不同的位置关系(如图1,2,3所示),小敏说:当圆心O在∠ACB的边上时,只要利用三角形内角和定理的推论和等腰三角形的性质即可证明.小亮说:当圆心O在∠ACB的内部或外部时,可以通过添加直径这条辅助线,把问题转化为圆心O在∠ACB的边上时的特殊情形来解决.请选择图2或图3中的一种,完成证明.圆周角定理:一条弧所对的圆周角等于它所对的圆心角的一半.已知:如图,在⊙O中,所对的圆周角是∠ACB,圆心角是∠AOB.求证:∠ACB=∠AOB.【解答】证明:如图2:∵OA=OC,∴∠A=∠ACO,∵∠AOD=∠A+∠ACO,∴∠AOD=2∠ACO,同理可得:∠BOD=2∠BCO,∴∠AOB=∠AOD+∠BOD=2∠ACO+2∠BCO=2∠ACB,∴∠ACB=∠AOB;如图3:∵OA=OC,∴∠A=∠ACO,∵∠AOD=∠A+∠ACO,∴∠AOD=2∠ACO,同理可得:∠BOD=2∠BCO,∴∠AOB=∠BOD﹣∠AOD=2∠BCO﹣2∠ACO=2∠ACB,∴∠ACB=∠AOB.21.(5分)我市某学校落实立德树人根本任务,构建“五育并举”教育体系,开设了“厨艺、园艺、电工、木工、编织”五大类劳动课程.为了解七年级学生对每类课程的选择情况,随机抽取了七年级若干名学生进行调查(每人只选一类最喜欢的课程),将调查结果绘制成如图两幅不完整的统计图:(1)本次随机调查的学生人数为 60 人;(2)补全条形统计图;(3)若该校七年级共有800名学生,请估计该校七年级学生选择“厨艺”劳动课程的人数;(4)七(1)班计划在“园艺、电工、木工、编织”四大类劳动课程中任选两类参加学校期末展示活动,请用列表或画树状图的方法,求恰好选中“园艺、编织”这两类劳动课程的概率.【解答】解:(1)18÷30%=60(人),故答案为:60;(2)60﹣15﹣18﹣9﹣6=12(人),补全条形统计图如图所示:(3)800×=200(人),答:该校七年级800名学生中选择“厨艺”劳动课程的大约有200人;(4)用列表法表示所有可能出现的结果如下:共有12种可能出现的结果,其中选中“园艺、编织”的有2种,∴P(园艺、编织)==.22.(5分)为落实“双减”政策,某校让学生每天体育锻炼1小时,同时购买了甲、乙两种不同的足球.已知购买甲种足球共花费2500元,购买乙种足球共花费2000元,购买甲种足球的数量是购买乙种足球数量的2倍,且购买一个乙种足球比购买一个甲种足球多花30元.(1)求两种足球的单价;(2)为进一步推进课外活动,学校再次购买甲、乙两种足球共50个,若学校此次购买两种足球总费用不超过3000元,则学校至多购买乙种足球多少个?【解答】解:(1)设甲种足球的单价是x元,则乙种足球的单价是(x+30)元,根据题意得:=×2,解得:x=50,经检验,x=50是所列方程的解,且符合题意,∴x+30=50+30=80.答:甲种足球的单价是50元,乙种足球的单价是80元;(2)设学校购买乙种足球y个,则购买甲种足球(50﹣y)个,根据题意得:50(50﹣y)+80y≤3000,解得:y≤,又∵y为正整数,∴y的最大值为16.答:学校至多购买乙种足球16个.23.(5分)如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy中,函数y=(x>0)的图象与直线y=kx(k≠0)交于点P(1,p).M是函数y=(x>0)图象上一点,过M作x轴的平行线交直线y=kx(k≠0)于点N.(1)求k和p的值;(2)设点M的横坐标为m.①求点N的坐标;(用含m的代数式表示)②若△OMN的面积大于,结合图象直接写出m的取值范围.【解答】解:(1)将点P的坐标代入y=(x>0)得:2=1×p,解得:p=2,故点P(1,2);将点P的坐标代入y=kx得:2=k×1,解得:k=2;(2)①点M的横坐标为m,则点M(m,),∵MN∥x轴,故点N的纵坐标为,将点N的纵坐标代入直线y=2x得:=2x,解得:x=,故点N的坐标为(,);②△OMN的面积=×MN×y M=×|(﹣m)|×>(m>0),解得:m<或m,故0<m或m>.24.(6分)如图,△ABC内接于⊙O,AB为直径,作OD⊥AB交AC于点D,延长BC,OD交于点F,过点C作⊙O的切线CE,交OF于点E.(1)求证:EC=ED;(2)如果OA=4,EF=3,求弦AC的长.【解答】(1)证明:连接OC,∵CE与⊙O相切,为C是⊙O的半径,∴OC⊥CE,∴∠OCA+∠ACE=90°,∵OA=OC,∴∠A=∠OCA,∴∠ACE+∠A=90°,∵OD⊥AB,∴∠ODA+∠A=90°,∵∠ODA=∠CDE,∴∠CDE+∠A=90°,∴∠CDE=∠ACE,∴EC=ED;(2)解:∵AB为⊙O的直径,∴∠ACB=90°,在Rt△DCF中,∠DCE+∠ECF=90°,∠DCE=∠CDE,∴∠CDE+∠ECF=90°,∵∠CDE+∠F=90°,∴∠ECF=∠F,∴EC=EF,∵EF=3,∴EC=DE=3,∴OE==5,∴OD=OE﹣DE=2,在Rt△OAD中,AD==2,在Rt△AOD和Rt△ACB中,∵∠A=∠A,∠ACB=∠AOD,∴Rt△AOD∽Rt△ACB,∴,即,∴AC=.25.(6分)“城市轨道交通是现代大城市交通的发展方向,发展轨道交通是解决大城市病的有效途径.”如图1,北京地铁(BeijingSubway)是中华人民共和国北京市的城市轨道交通系统,规划于1953年,始建于1965年,运营于1969年,是中国第一个地铁系统.小华了解到列车从慈寿寺站开往花园桥站时,在距离停车线256米处开始减速.他想知道列车从减速开始,经过多少秒停下来,以及最后一秒滑行的距离.为了解决这个问题,小华通过建立函数模型来描述列车离停车线的距离s(米)与滑行时间t(秒)的函数关系,再应用该函数解决相应的问题.(1)建立模型①收集数据r(秒)04812162024…s(米)256196144100643616…②建立平面直角坐标系为了观察s(米)与t(秒)的关系,建立如图2所示的平面直角坐标系.③描点连线请在平面直角坐标系中将表中未描出的点补充完整,并用平滑的曲线依次连接.④选择函数模型观察这条曲线的形状,它可能是 二次 函数的图象.⑤求函数解析式解:设s=at2+bt+c(a≠0),因为t=0时,s=256,所以c=256,则s=at2+bt+256.请根据表格中的数据,求a,b的值.验证:把a,b的值代入s=at2+bt+256中,并将其余几对值代入求出的解析式,发现它们都满足该函数解析式.(2)应用模型列车从减速开始经过 32 秒,列车停止;最后一秒钟,列车滑行的距离为 米.【解答】解:(1)③如图,④可能是二次函数图象,故答案为:二次;⑤设s=at2+bt+c(a≠0),因为t=0时,s=256,所以c=256,则s=at2+bt+256.把(4,196)和(8,144)代入可得,,解得:a=,b=﹣16,∴s=t2﹣16t+256,当t=12时,s=×144﹣16×12+256=100,当t=16时,s=×256﹣16×16+256=64,当t=20时,s=×400﹣16×20+256=36,当t=24时,s=×576﹣16×24+256=16,∴其余几组数值都在函数图象上,减速阶段列车离停车线的距离s(米)与减速时间t(秒)的函数关系式为s=t2﹣16t+256;(2)应用模型:∵S=t2﹣16t+256=,∴当s=0时,=0,解得t=32,当t=31时,s=,当t=32时,s=0,∴﹣0=(m).故答案为:32,.26.(7分)在平面直角坐标系xOy中,点(x0,m),(a﹣1,n),是抛物线y=ax2﹣2a2x上的点,x0≠a﹣1.(1)当x0=2,m=n时,求a和n的值;(2)若﹣4≤x0≤﹣3时,mn<0,求a的取值范围.【解答】解:(1)∵抛物线y=ax2﹣2a2x,∴抛物线的对称轴为直线x=﹣=a,∵x0=2,m=n,∴点(2,m),(a﹣1,n)关于抛物线的对称轴对称,∴抛物线的对称轴为直线x==a,∴a=1,∴抛物线为y=x2﹣2x,把点(0,n)代入得n=0.(2)∵抛物线y=ax2﹣2a2x,∴抛物线的对称轴为直线x=﹣=a,当x=0时,y=0,∴抛物线经过原点,∴抛物线过点(2a,0),当抛物线开口向下时,则a<0,∵﹣4≤x0≤﹣3时,mn<0,∴m>0,n<0,∴,解得﹣<a<﹣1;当抛物线开口向上时,则a>0,∵﹣4≤x0≤﹣3时,mn<0,∴m>0,n<0,∴a﹣1>0,解得a>1;故a的取值范围是或a>1.27.(7分)已知:Rt△ABC中,∠ACB=90°,AC=BC.(1)如图1,点D是BC边上一点(不与点B,C重合),连接AD,过点B作BE⊥AD,交AD的延长线于点E,连接CE.若∠BAD=α,求∠DBE的大小(用含α的式子表示);(2)如图2,点D在线段BC的延长线上时,连接AD,过点B作BE⊥AD,垂足E在线段AD上,连接CE.①依题意补全图2;②用等式表示线段EA,EB和EC之间的数量关系,并证明.【解答】解:(1)∵∠ACB=90°,AC=BC,∴∠CAB=45°,∵∠BAD=α,∴∠CAD=45°﹣α.∵∠ACB=90°,BE⊥AD,∠ADC=∠BDE,∴∠DBE=∠CAD=45°﹣α;(2)①补全图形,如图2所示:②猜想:当D在BC边的延长线上时,EB﹣EA=EC;理由如下:过点C作CF⊥CE,交AD的延长线于点F,如图3所示:则∠ECF=90°,∵∠ACB=90°,∴∠ACD=90°,∴∠ECF+∠ACE=∠ACB+∠ACE,即∠ACF=∠BCE,∵∠CAF+∠ADB=90°,∠CBE+∠ADB=90°,∴∠CAF=∠CBE,在△ACF和△BCE中,,∴△ACF≌△BCE(ASA),∴AF=BE,CF=CE.∵∠ECF=90°,∴△CEF是等腰直角三角形,∴EF=EC,即AF﹣EA=EC.∴EB﹣EA=EC.28.(7分)设平面内一点到等边三角形中心的距离为d,等边三角形的内切圆半径为r,外接圆半径为R .对于一个点与等边三角形,给出如下定义:满足r≤d≤R的点叫做等边三角形的中心关联点.在平面直角坐标系xOy中,等边△ABC的三个顶点的坐标分别为A(0,2),B(﹣,﹣1),C(,﹣1).(1)已知点D(2,2),E(,1),F(﹣,﹣1).在D,E,F中,是等边△ABC的中心关联点的是 E、F ;(2)如图1,过点A作直线交x轴正半轴于M,使∠AMO=30°.①若线段AM上存在等边△ABC的中心关联点P(m,n),求m的取值范围;②将直线AM向下平移得到直线y=kx+b,当b满足什么条件时,直线y=kx+b上总存在等边△ABC的中心关联点;(直接写出答案,不需过程)(3)如图2,点Q为直线y=﹣1上一动点,⊙Q的半径为.当Q从点(﹣4,﹣1)出发,以每秒1个单位的速度向右移动,运动时间为t秒.是否存在某一时刻t,使得⊙Q上所有点都是等边△ABC的中心关联点?如果存在,请直接写出所有符合题意的t的值;如果不存在,请说明理由.【解答】解:(1)由题意R=2,r=1,点O是△ABC的中心,∵OD=2,OE=2,OF=,∴点E、F是△ABC的中心关联点故答案为E,F;(2)①解:如图1中,由题意A(0,2),M(,0).可求得直线AM的解析式为y=﹣x+2,经验证E在直线AM上.因为OE=OA=2,∠MAO=60°,所以△OAE为等边三角形,所以AE边上的高长为.当点P在AE上时,≤OP≤2.所以当点P在AE上时,点P都是等边△ABC的中心关联点.所以0≤m≤;②如图1﹣1中,设平移后的直线交y轴于G,作这条直线的垂线垂足为H.当OH=2时,在Rt△OHG中,∵OH=2,∠HOG=30°,∴cos30°=,∴OG=,∴满足条件的b的值为﹣≤b≤2;(3)存在.理由:如图2中,设Q(m,﹣1).由题意当OQ=时,⊙Q上所有点都是等边△ABC的中心关联点,=,解得m=,∴t=.。
高二数学期末复习题(1)2022.12.18一、选择题1.已知复数2i i1i z =++,则z =()A.3B.C.2D.12.向量(),0,1a x = ,()4,,2b y = ,若//a b ,则x y +的值为()A.0B.1C.2D.33.若直线l 的一个方向向量为()2,2,4v =--- ,平面α的一个法向量为()1,1,2n =,则直线l 与平面α的位置关系是()A.垂直B.平行C.相交但不垂直D.平行或线在面内4.空间,,,A B C D 四点共面,但任意三点不共线,若P 为该平面外一点且5133=--PA PB xPC PD ,则实数x 的值为()A.43- B.13-C.13 D.435.()2,2M 是抛物线()220y px p =>上一点,F 是抛物线的焦点,则MF =()A.52B.3C.72D.46.已知直线l :()()2110m x m y m ++++=经过定点P ,直线l '经过点P ,且l '的方向向量()3,2a =,则直线l '的方程为()A.2350x y -+=B.2350x y --=C .3250x y -+= D.3250x y --=7.在正方体1111ABCD A B C D -中,E 为1CC 中点,112,,,BM MC B N B B x y λ==∃∈R,使得1A N x AM y AE =+,则λ=()A.12B.23C.1D.438.若双曲线()222:104y x C a a -=>的一条渐近线被圆()2224x y -+=所截得的弦长为165,则双曲线C 的离心率为()A.133 B.173C.53D.3939.已知直线1:4360l x y -+=和直线2:1l x =-,则抛物线24y x =上一动点P 到直线1l 和直线2l 的距离之和的最小值是()A.3716 B.115C.2D.7410.双曲线2221(0)16x y a a -=>的一条渐近线方程为124,,3y x F F =分别为该双曲线的左右焦点,M 为双曲线上的一点,则2116MF MF +的最小值为()A.2B.4C.8D.14二、填空题11.已知复数5i12iz =+,则z 的虚部为________.12.若空间中有三点()()()1,0,1,0,1,1,1,2,0A B C -,则点()1,2,3P 到平面ABC 的距离为______.13.在下列命题中:①若向量,a b 共线,则向量,a b所在的直线平行;②若向量,a b 所在的直线为异面直线,则向量,a b一定不共面;③若三个向量,,a b c 两两共面,则向量,,a b c不一定共面;④已知空间的三个向量,,a b c ,则对于空间的任意一个向量p 总存在实数,,x y z 使得p xa yb zc =++.其中正确命题的是______.14.已知P 、Q 分别在直线1:10l x y -+=与直线2:10l x y --=上,且1PQ l ⊥,点()4,4A -,()4,0B ,则AP PQ QB ++的最小值为___________.15.阿波罗尼斯是古希腊著名数学家,与欧几里得、阿基米德并称为亚历山大时期数学三巨匠,他对圆锥曲线有深刻而系统的研究,主要研究成果集中在他的代表作《圆锥曲线》一书,阿波罗尼斯圆是他的研究成果之一,指的是:已知动点M 与两定点Q 、P 的距离之比MQ MPλ=()0,1λλ>≠,那么点M 的轨迹就是阿波罗尼斯圆.已知动点M 的轨迹是阿波罗尼斯圆,其方程为221x y +=,定点Q 为x 轴上一点,1,02P ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭且2λ=,若点()1,1B ,则2MP MB +的最小值为______.三、解答题16.若两条相交直线1l ,2l 的倾斜角分别为1θ,2θ,斜率均存在,分别为1k ,2k ,且120k k ⋅≠,若1l ,2l 满足______(从①12θθπ+=;②12l l ⊥两个条件中,任选一个补充在上面问题中并作答),求:(1)1k ,2k 满足的关系式;(2)若1l ,2l 交点坐标为()1,1P ,同时1l 过(),2A a ,2l 过()2,B b ,在(1)的条件下,求出a ,b 满足的关系;(3)在(2)的条件下,若直线1l 上的一点向右平移4个单位长度,再向上平移2个单位长度,仍在该直线上,求实数a ,b 的值.17.已知1F ,2F 是椭圆C :22221(0)x y a b a b+=>>的两个焦点,P 为C 上一点.(1)若12F PF △为等腰直角三角形,求椭圆C 的离心率;(2)如果存在点P ,使得12PF PF ⊥,且12F PF △的面积等于9,求b 的值和a 的取值范围.18.已知直三棱柱111ABC A B C -中,侧面11AA B B 为正方形,2AB BC ==,E ,F 分别为AC 和1CC 的中点,D 为棱11A B 上的动点,BF AB ⊥.(1)证明:BF ⊥平面11E AB ;(2)当1B D 为何值时,平面11BB C C 与平面DFE 所成的夹角最小?19.如图,已知动圆P 过点()11,0F -,且与圆()222:18F x y -+=内切于点N ,记动圆圆心P 的轨迹为E .(1)求E 的方程;(2)过点1F 的直线l 交E 于A 、B 两点,是否存在实数t ,使得11AB t AF BF =⋅恒成立?若存在,求出t 的值;若不存在,说明理由.高二数学期末复习题(1)2022.12.18一、选择题1.已知复数2i i1i z =++,则z =()A.3B.C.2D.1B【分析】首先根据复数的除法运算性质化简复数z ,再结合复数的模的概念计算即可.【详解】()()()2i 1i 2ii i 12i 1i 1i 1i z -=+=+=+++-,则z ==.故选:B.2.向量(),0,1a x = ,()4,,2b y = ,若//a b ,则x y +的值为()A.0B.1C.2D.3C【分析】根据向量平行,得到方程组,求出,x y 的值,得到答案.【详解】由题意得:a b λ=,即4012x y λλλ=⎧⎪=⎨⎪=⎩,解得:2012x y λ⎧⎪=⎪=⎨⎪⎪=⎩,故2x y +=.故选:C3.若直线l 的一个方向向量为()2,2,4v =--- ,平面α的一个法向量为()1,1,2n =,则直线l 与平面α的位置关系是()A.垂直B.平行C.相交但不垂直D.平行或线在面内A【分析】根据2n υ=- 得到υ 与n共线,即可得到直线l 与平面α垂直.【详解】因为2n υ=- ,所以υ 与n共线,直线l 与平面α垂直.故选:A.4.空间,,,A B C D 四点共面,但任意三点不共线,若P 为该平面外一点且5133=--PA PB xPC PD ,则实数x 的值为()A.43- B.13-C.13D.43C【分析】先设AB mAC nAD =+,然后把向量AB ,AC ,AD 分别用向量PA ,PB ,PC ,PD 表示,再把向量PA 用向量PB ,PC ,PD 表示出,对照已知的系数相等即可求解.【详解】解:因为空间A ,B ,C ,D 四点共面,但任意三点不共线,则可设AB mAC nAD =+,又点P 在平面外,则()()PB PA m PC PA n PD PA -=-+-,即(1)m n PA PB mPC nPD ++=-++,则1111m n PA PB PC PD m n m n m n -=+++-+-+- ,又5133=-- PA PB xPC PD ,所以15131113m n mx m n n m n -⎧=⎪+-⎪⎪=-⎨+-⎪⎪=-⎪+-⎩,解得15m n ==,13x =,故选:C .5.()2,2M 是抛物线()220y px p =>上一点,F 是抛物线的焦点,则MF =()A.52B.3C.72D.4A【分析】将点()2,2M代入22y px =,可得1p =,即可求出准线方程,根据抛物线的定义,抛物线上的点到焦点的距离等于到准线的距离,即可求得MF【详解】解:因为()2,2M是抛物线()220ypx p =>上一点,所以22221p p =⋅⇒=,则抛物线的准线方程为12x =-,由抛物线的定义可知,15222MF =+=,故选:A.6.已知直线l :()()2110m x m y m ++++=经过定点P ,直线l '经过点P ,且l '的方向向量()3,2a =,则直线l '的方程为()A.2350x y -+=B.2350x y --=C.3250x y -+=D.3250x y --=A【分析】直线l 方程变为()210x y m x y ++++=,可得定点P ()1,1-.根据l '的方向向量()3,2a =,可得斜率为23,代入点斜式方程,化简为一般式即可.【详解】()()2110m x m y m ++++=可变形为()210x y m x y ++++=,解0210x y x y +=⎧⎨++=⎩得11x y =-⎧⎨=⎩,即P 点坐标为()1,1-.因为()23,231,3a ⎛⎫== ⎪⎝⎭,所以直线l '的斜率为23,又l '过点P ()1,1-,代入点斜式方程可得()2113y x -=+,整理可得2350x y -+=.故选:A.7.在正方体1111ABCD A B C D -中,E 为1CC 中点,112,,,BM MC B N B B x y λ==∃∈R,使得1A N x AM y AE =+,则λ=()A .12B.23C.1D.43C【分析】正方体中存在三条互相垂直的直线,故我们可以建立空间直角坐标系进行计算.【详解】如图建系,设棱长为6,则()()()()()16,0,0,0,6,3,2,6,0,6,0,6,6,6,66A E M A N λ-()()()10,6,6,4,6,0,6,6,3A N AM AE λ=-=-=-1046,66663x yA N xAM y AE x y y λ=--⎧⎪=+∴=+⎨⎪-=⎩,解之:1λ=故选:C8.若双曲线()222:104y x C a a -=>的一条渐近线被圆()2224x y -+=所截得的弦长为165,则双曲线C 的离心率为()A.3B.3C.53D.3C【分析】首先确定双曲线渐近线方程,结合圆的方程可确定两渐近线截圆所得弦长相等;利用垂径定理可构造方程求得a的值,进而根据离心率e =可求得结果.【详解】由双曲线方程得:渐近线方程为2ay x =±;由圆的方程知:圆心为()2,0,半径2r =;2a y x =与2ay x =-图象关于x 轴对称,圆的图象关于x 轴对称,∴两条渐近线截圆所得弦长相等,不妨取2ay x =,即20ax y -=,则圆心到直线距离d =∴弦长为165==,解得:32a =,∴双曲线离心率53e ==.故选:C.9.已知直线1:4360l x y -+=和直线2:1l x =-,则抛物线24y x =上一动点P 到直线1l 和直线2l 的距离之和的最小值是()A.3716B.115C.2D.74C【分析】由=1x -是抛物线24y x =的准线,推导出点P 到直线1:4360l x y -+=的距离和到直线2:1l x =-的距离之和的最小值即为点P 到直线1:4360l x y -+=的距离和点P 到焦点的距离之和,利用几何法求最值.【详解】1x =- 是抛物线24y x =的准线,P ∴到=1x -的距离等于PF .过P 作1PQ l ⊥于Q ,则P 到直线1l 和直线2l 的距离之和为PF PQ+ 抛物线24y x =的焦点(1,0)F ∴过F 作11Q F l ⊥于1Q ,和抛物线的交点就是1P ,∴111PF PQ PF PQ +≤+(当且仅当F 、P 、Q 三点共线时等号成立)∴点P 到直线1:4360l x y -+=的距离和到直线2:1l x =-的距离之和的最小值就是(1,0)F 到直线4360x y -+=距离,∴最小值1FQ 2==.故选:C .10.双曲线2221(0)16x y a a -=>的一条渐近线方程为124,,3y x F F =分别为该双曲线的左右焦点,M 为双曲线上的一点,则2116MF MF +的最小值为()A.2B.4C.8D.14B【分析】由双曲线定义及渐近线方程得3,5a c ==,126MF MF -=,结合均值不等式、对勾函数单调性及12MF MF 、的取值范围求最小值即可.【详解】由一条渐近线方程为43y x =得4433a a =⇒=,由双曲线定义可知,126MF MF -=,5c ==.要使2116MF MF +的值最小,则1MF 应尽可能大,2MF 应尽可能小,故点M 应为双曲线右支上一点,故126MF MF -=,即216MF MF =-.故21111616662MF MF MF MF +=+-≥=,当且仅当1116MF MF =即14MF =时等号成立,此时21620MF MF =-=-<,故取不到等号.对勾函数166y x x=+-在()0,4单调递减,在()4,+∞单调递增,∵22MF c a ≥-=,∴1268MF MF =+≥,故当212,8MF MF ==时,2116MF MF +取得最小值为4.故选:B.二、填空题11.已知复数5i12iz =+,则z 的虚部为________.1【分析】由复数除法得出2i z =+,即可得虚部【详解】()()()5i 12i 5i 105i 2i 12i 12i 12i 5z -+====+++-,故虚部为1.故答案为:112.若空间中有三点()()()1,0,1,0,1,1,1,2,0A B C -,则点()1,2,3P 到平面ABC 的距离为______.3147【分析】求出平面ABC 的法向量,利用空间距离的向量公式去求P 到平面ABC 的距离可得答案.【详解】由()()()1,0,1,0,1,1,1,2,0A B C -可得()()1,1,21,1,1BA BC =--=-,,设平面ABC 的一个法向量为(),,n x y z =r,则0n BA n BC ⎧⋅=⎪⎨⋅=⎪⎩ ,即200x y z x y z --=⎧⎨+-=⎩,令3x =,则()3,1,2n =-r,又()0,2,4PA =-- ,则点()1,2,3P 到平面ABC的距离为7PA nn⋅==,故答案为:3147.13.在下列命题中:①若向量,a b 共线,则向量,a b所在的直线平行;②若向量,a b 所在的直线为异面直线,则向量,a b一定不共面;③若三个向量,,a b c 两两共面,则向量,,a b c不一定共面;④已知空间的三个向量,,a b c ,则对于空间的任意一个向量p 总存在实数,,x y z 使得p xa yb zc =++.其中正确命题的是______.③【分析】根据共线向量和共面向量的相关定义判断即可.【详解】①若向量,a b 共线,则向量,a b所在的直线可以重合,并不一定平行,错误;②若向量,a b 所在的直线为异面直线,由向量位置的任意性,空间中两向量可平移至一个平面内,故,a b共面,错误;③若,,a b c 两两共面,可能为空间能作为基底的三个向量,则,,a b c不一定共面,正确;④只有当空间的三个向量,,a b c不共面时,对于空间的任意一个向量p 总存在实数,,x y z 使得p xa yb zc =++,若空间中的三个向量共面,此说法不成立,错误;综上③正确,故选:③14.已知P 、Q 分别在直线1:10l x y -+=与直线2:10l x y --=上,且1PQ l ⊥,点()4,4A -,()4,0B ,则AP PQ QB ++的最小值为___________.++【分析】利用线段的等量关系进行转化,找到AP QB +最小值即为所求.【详解】由直线1l 与2l 得PQ =()4,0B 作直线l 垂直于1:10l x y -+=,如图,则直线l 的方程为:4y x =-+,将()4,0B 沿着直线l 往上平移个单位到B '点,有()3,1B ',连接AB '交直线1l 于点P ,过P 作2⊥PQ l 于Q ,连接BQ ,有//,||||BB PQ BB PQ ''=,即四边形BB PQ '为平行四边形,则||||PB BQ '=,即有||AP QB AP PB AB ''+=+=,显然AB '是直线1l 上的点与点,A B '距离和的最小值,因此AP QB +的最小值,即AP PB '+的最小值AB ',而AB '==,所以AP PQ QB ++的最小值为AB PQ '++【点睛】思路点睛:(1)合理的利用假设可以探究取值的范围,严谨的思维是验证的必要过程.(2)转化与划归思想是解决距离最值问题中一种有效的途径.(3)数形结合使得问题更加具体和形象,从而使得方法清晰与明朗.15.阿波罗尼斯是古希腊著名数学家,与欧几里得、阿基米德并称为亚历山大时期数学三巨匠,他对圆锥曲线有深刻而系统的研究,主要研究成果集中在他的代表作《圆锥曲线》一书,阿波罗尼斯圆是他的研究成果之一,指的是:已知动点M 与两定点Q 、P 的距离之比MQ MPλ=()0,1λλ>≠,那么点M 的轨迹就是阿波罗尼斯圆.已知动点M 的轨迹是阿波罗尼斯圆,其方程为221x y +=,定点Q 为x 轴上一点,1,02P ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭且2λ=,若点()1,1B ,则2MP MB +的最小值为______.【分析】根据点M 的轨迹方程可得()2,0Q -,结合条件可得2MP MB MQ MB QB +=+≥,结合图象,即可求得.【详解】设(),0Q a ,(),M x y ,所以=MQ ,又1,02P ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭,所以MP =.因为MQ MPλ=且2λ=2=,整理可得22242133+-++=a a x y x ,又动点M 的轨迹是221x y +=,所以24203113aa +⎧=⎪⎪⎨-⎪=⎪⎩,解得2a =-,所以()2,0Q -,又2MQ MP =,所以2MP MB MQ MB QB +=+≥,当且仅当,,Q M B 三点共线时,等号成立,因为101123QB k -==+,所以直线QB 方程为:()123y x =+即320x y -+=,圆心到直线距离1015d r =<=,即直线QB 与圆相交.(如图中的12,M M 点均满足)又因为()1,1B ,所以2MP MB +的最小值为==BQ ..三、解答题16.若两条相交直线1l ,2l 的倾斜角分别为1θ,2θ,斜率均存在,分别为1k ,2k ,且120k k ⋅≠,若1l ,2l 满足______(从①12θθπ+=;②12l l ⊥两个条件中,任选一个补充在上面问题中并作答),求:(1)1k ,2k 满足的关系式;(2)若1l ,2l 交点坐标为()1,1P ,同时1l 过(),2A a ,2l 过()2,B b ,在(1)的条件下,求出a ,b 满足的关系;(3)在(2)的条件下,若直线1l 上的一点向右平移4个单位长度,再向上平移2个单位长度,仍在该直线上,求实数a ,b 的值.(1)答案见解析(2)答案见解析(3)答案见解析【分析】(1)依题意11tan k θ=,22tan k θ=,若选①利用诱导公式计算可得;若选②根据两直线垂直的充要条件得解;(2)首先表示出直线1l 、2l ,再将点代入方程,再结合(1)的结论计算可得;(3)按照函数的平移变换规则将直线1l 进行平移变换,即可求出1k ,从而求出直线1l 的方程,即可求出a ,再根据(1)求出直线2l 的方程,即可求出b 的值;【小问1详解】解:依题意11tan k θ=,22tan k θ=,且1θ,2θ均不为0或2π,若选①12θθπ+=,则12θπθ=-,则()122tan tan tan θπθθ=-=-,即120k k +=;若选②12l l ⊥,则121k k ×=-【小问2详解】解:依题意直线1l :()111y k x -=-,直线2l :()211y k x -=-,又1l 过(),2A a ,所以()1121k a -=-且1a ≠,即()111k a =-且1a ≠,又2l 过()2,B b ,所以()2211b k -=-且1b ≠,即21b k -=且1b ≠;若选①,则120k k +=,所以121b k k -==-,即()()111b a =--且1a ≠、1b ≠;若选②,则121k k ×=-,所以()()21111b a k k -⨯=-⨯,即2b a +=且1a ≠、1b ≠;【小问3详解】解:直线1l :()111y k x -=-,将直线1l 向右平移4个单位长度,再向上平移2个单位长度得到()14121y k x -⎡⎤-=-+⎣⎦,即11215x y k k --=+,所以1152k k -+=-,解得112k =,此时直线1l :()1112y x -=-,所以()1112a =-,解得3a =;若选①,则212k =-,此时直线2l :()1112y x -=--,所以121b -=-,解得12b =;若选②,则22k =-,此时直线2l :()121y x -=--,所以12b -=-,解得1b =-;17.已知1F ,2F 是椭圆C :22221(0)x y a b a b+=>>的两个焦点,P 为C 上一点.(1)若12F PF △为等腰直角三角形,求椭圆C 的离心率;(2)如果存在点P ,使得12PF PF ⊥,且12F PF △的面积等于9,求b 的值和a 的取值范围.(11-或2(2)3b =,)+∞【分析】(1)根据1290PF F ︒∠=或2190PF F ︒∠=或1290F PF ︒∠=进行分类讨论,通过求22ce a=来求得椭圆的离心率.(2)根据已知条件列方程求得b ,判断出22c b ≥,结合222a b c =+求得a 的取值范围.【小问1详解】12F PF △为等腰直角三角形可知有三种情况.当1290PF F ︒∠=时,1||2PF c =,2||PF =,于是12||||1)2PF PF c a +=+=,得212c e a ===;当2190PF F ︒∠=时,同理求得1e =;当1290F PF ︒∠=时,则P 在椭圆短轴的端点,12||||PF PF ==,12||||2PF PF a +==,解得2222c e a ===,所以椭圆C 1或22.【小问2详解】设(,)P x y ,由12F PF △的面积等于9,得12||92c y ⋅⋅=,①由12PF PF ⊥,得222x y c +=,②再由P 在椭圆上,得22221x y a b+=,③由②③及222c b a +=,得422b y c =,又由①知242229b y c c==,故3b =,由②③得22222()a x c b c=-,22c b ∴≥,从而2222218a b c b =+≥=,故a ≥3b ∴=,a ≥P ,故3b =,a 的取值范围为).+∞18.已知直三棱柱111ABC A B C -中,侧面11AA B B 为正方形,2AB BC ==,E ,F 分别为AC 和1CC 的中点,D 为棱11A B 上的动点,BF AB ⊥.(1)证明:BF ⊥平面11E AB ;(2)当1B D 为何值时,平面11BB C C 与平面DFE 所成的夹角最小?(1)证明见解析(2)112B D =【分析】(1)先证明AB ⊥平面11BCC B ,由此建立空间直角坐标系,利用向量方法证明1BF EA ⊥,1BF EB ⊥,由线面垂直判定定理证明BF ⊥平面11E AB ;(2)求平面11BB C C 与平面DFE 的法向量,结合向量夹角公式求两平面的夹角余弦,再求其最小值可得1B D 的取值.【小问1详解】因为三棱柱111ABC A B C -是直三棱柱,所以1BB ⊥底面ABC ,AB ⊂底面ABC ,所以1BB AB ⊥.因为BF AB ⊥,1BB BF B ⋂=,1BB ⊂平面11BCC B ,BF ⊂平面11BCC B ,所以AB ⊥平面11BCC B .所以BA ,BC ,1BB 两两垂直.以B 为坐标原点,分别以BA ,BC ,1BB 所在直线为x ,y ,z 轴建立空间直角坐标系,如图,所以()0,0,0B ,()2,0,0A ,()12,0,2A ,()10,0,2B ,()1,1,0E ,()0,2,1F ,因为()0,2,1BF = ,()11,1,2EA =- ,()11,1,2EB =--,所以10BF EA ⋅= ,10BF EB ⋅=,所以1BF EA ⊥,1BF EB ⊥,因为11EA EB E ⋂=,1EA ,1EB ⊂平面11E AB ,所以BF ⊥平面11E AB .【小问2详解】由题设()(),0,202D a a ≤≤.设平面DFE 的法向量为(),,m x y z =,因为()1,1,1EF =- ,()1,1,2DE a =--,所以00m EF m DE ⎧⋅=⎪⎨⋅=⎪⎩,即()0120x y z a x y z -++=⎧⎨-+-=⎩.令2z a =-,则()3,1,2m a a =+-.因为平面11BB C C 的法向量为()2,0,0BA =,设平面11BB C C 与平面DEF 所成的夹角为θ,则cos m BA m BA θ⋅==⋅ 当12a =时,22214a a -+取最小值为272,此时cos θ3=,此时11112B D A B =<,符合题意.故当112B D =时,面11BB C C 与面DFE 所成的夹角最小.19.如图,已知动圆P 过点()11,0F -,且与圆()222:18F x y -+=内切于点N ,记动圆圆心P 的轨迹为E .(1)求E 的方程;(2)过点1F 的直线l 交E 于A 、B 两点,是否存在实数t ,使得11AB t AF BF =⋅恒成立?若存在,求出t 的值;若不存在,说明理由.(1)2212xy +=(2)存在,且t =【分析】(1)分析可知动点P 的轨迹是1F 、2F为焦点,以为长轴长的椭圆,求出a 、b 的值,结合椭圆E 的焦点位置可得出椭圆E 的方程;(2)对直线l 的斜率是否存在进行分类讨论,设出直线l 的方程,与椭圆E 的方程联立,利用弦长公式以及两点间的距离求出t 的值,即可得出结论.【小问1详解】解:显然,圆2F的半径为,设圆P 的半径为r ,由题意可得12PF r PF r⎧=⎪⎨=-⎪⎩,所以,12122PF PF F F +=>=,则动点P 的轨迹是1F 、2F为焦点,以为长轴长的椭圆,设椭圆E 的方程为()222210x y a b a b +=>>,122F F c =,所以a =1c =,1b ==,故E的方程为2212x y +=.【小问2详解】解:当直线l 的斜率存在时,设直线l 的方程为()1y k x =+,设点()11,A x y 、()22,B x y ,联立方程组()22121x y y k x ⎧+=⎪⎨⎪=+⎩得()2222124220k x k x k +++-=,所以2122412k x x k+=-+,21222212k x x k -=+.12AB x =-=212k =+)22112k k +=+.1AF ===1BF ===所以()222221212112228424112122212k k x x x x k k k AF BF k --+++++++==+⋅==.所以11·AB BF =;当直线l 的斜率不存在时,直线l 的方程为=1x -,联立方程组22121x y x ⎧+=⎪⎨⎪=-⎩,得21,2A ⎛- ⎝⎭、21,2B ⎛⎫-- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭.此时AB =,11221222AF BF ⋅=⨯=,所以11AB BF =⋅.综上,存在实数t =使得11AB t AF BF =⋅恒成立.【点睛】方法点睛:求定值问题常见的方法有两种:(1)从特殊入手,求出定值,再证明这个值与变量无关;(2)直接推理、计算,并在计算推理的过程中消去变量,从而得到定值.。
丰台十二中小升初分题型辅导资料单选专项训练第一组:1. Be quite! I have _____ to tell you.A. nothing interestingB. anything interestingC. interesting somethingD. something interesting2.—How far is it from your home to the school?—It‘s about _____.A.10 minutes walkB. 10 minute‘s walkC. 10-minutes walkD. 10 minutes‘ walk3.My father bought a big house _____a garden _______the money.A. at; withB. with; withC. with; aboutD. with; by4. —____there any food in the fridge?—No, it‘s empty.A. AreB. IsC. WasD. Were5.—Will you watch the world cup match this year?—No, but I _____several world cup matches since I was a small child.A. had seenB. seeC. was seeingD. have seen6._______it is late at night, ________my father is still working.A. Though; butB. Because; soC. Because;/D.Though; /7. —My mother is ill, so I am not going to the park with you.—______.A. It doesn‘t matterB. Don‘t worry.C. I‘m sorry to hear that.D. Are you going to look after her?8. Yo u‘d better _____. It‘s raining heavily outside.A. not go outB. go outC. not to go outD. to go out9. I have homework to do than you.A . much less B. much C. very little D. fewer10. You must be very tired. Why not ____ a rest?A. to stop havingB. to stop to haveC. stop to haveD. stop having11. ______ nice weather it is!A. HowB. What aC. WhatD. How a12. I _______ my homework when my sister came home last night.A. am doingB. didC. was doingD. were doing13. -When did you borrow the English storybook?-I borrowed it last week. I ______ it for a week.A. have boughtB. have borrowedC. have keptD. have returned14. – Could you ask him if he _____ to my birthday party next Sunday?- I will, if I ____ him this afternoon.A. comes, meetB. will come, will meetC. comes, will meetD. will come, meet15. Do you know __________ during the coming summer holiday?A. what will Tom doB. what did Tom doC. what Tom will doD. what Tom did第二组:1. Last Saturday, I watched TV with my brother. I saw ___ interesting game shows.A. aB. anC. someD. any2. What would you like to drink?I‘d like some ____, please.A. watersB. vegetablesC. juiceD. pizzas3. --- What does your mother do? --- ____ is a teacher.A. HeB. HersC. SheD. Her4. Koalas are very cute ____ a little lazy.A. andB. butC. soD. also5. Look! The monkeys _________ the tree.A. climbB. are climbingC. is climbingD. were climbing6. She usually ___ jeans and T-shirts.A. wearB. wearsC. to wearD. wearing7. ---Is this yours?---No. ___ is on my desk.A. HisB. HerC. MineD. Your8. Can we ___ at your house and go to school together?A. comeB. seeC. meetD. find9. Mid-autumn Festival is set by the lunar calendar on ___ day of ___ month.A. the fifteen, the eighthB. the fifteenth, the eightC. fifteen, eightD. the fifteenth, the eighth10. Don‘t eat that meat. It smells________A. dirtyB. deliciousC. badD. badly11. Basketball is _________football in the world.A. more popular asB. not as more popular asC. not as popular asD. popularer than12. What‘s he doing?He‘s_____his pen. But he can‘t ______it.A. looking for, look forB. finding, findC. looking for, findD. finding, look for13. There is going to ___ a film at the cinema this evening.A. beB. haveC. beingD. having14. A big library ___ in this area next year.A. is builtB. are going to be builtC. will be builtD. was built15.-Have you ever been to France?-Yes, I ___ there last August.A. have goneB. wentC. have beenD. were16. ---Let‘s play computer games.--- That _________ interesting.A. looksB. readsC. listensD. sounds17. ---Hi! Lee. They finally won the game!---Really! ___ surprising news!A. WhatB. HowC. What anD. What a18. If it _______ tomorrow, I‘ll go by bike.A. isn‘t rainB. won‘t rainC. doesn‘t rainD. wouldn‘t rain19. Jim likes _________ with the dog Nick.A. playingB. playC. playsD. played20.- Could you please tell me ___?- Go down the street and turn left at the second cornerA. how can I go to the nearest supermarketB. where the nearest supermarket wasC. how I can go to the nearest supermarketD. where is the nearest supermarket第三组:1. We will have a sports meeting _______ the morning of May 14th.A. inB. atC. \D. on2. A friend of ________ is a worker.A. ourB. weC. oursD. us3. You‘d better ________ the cinema by bus.A. don‘t goB. to goC. to go toD. go to4. How long did it take to finish_________ the bridge?A. buildB. buildingC. to buildD. to building5. This box is _____ heavy for me _____ carry.A. too toB. to tooC. to toD. too too6. The Whites _______ many places of interest since they came to China.A. have visitedB. will visitC. visitedD. visit7. Neither I nor he _____ a car.A. haveB. thereC. hasD. there are8. Biology is_______ English.A. important thanB. as important asC. not important asD. more important as9.—I think English is _______ than math.—why do you think_______?A. much easier; thatB. much more easier; soC. much easier; soD. more easier; that10.He really _______do the exercise once again.A. needs toB. needsC. need toD. needn‘t to11. I tried to make the baby_______by singing and jumping like a monkey.A. to stop to cryB. to stop cryingC. stop to cryD. stop crying12. They will go to the Great Wall if it _____ tomorrow.A. isn‘t rainB. rainsC. doesn‘t rainD. won‘t rain13. I don‘t go to bed_______I finish my homework.A.beforeB.untilC.afterD.if14. There _____ an English film tomorrow evening.A. will haveB. will hasC. is going to haveD. is going to be15. Can you see_________?A. what he‘s readingB. what is he readingC. what does he readD. he reads what第四组:1. Oh, there isn‘t enough ________ for us in the lift.No hurry. Let‘s wait for the next.A, floor B, ground C, room D, place2. There are three __________ assistants in that __________ shop.A, women, shoe B, woman, shoeC, woman, shoes D, women, shoes3. Suzhou is ________ most beautiful tourist city and I believe I‘ll come for ________ second time.A. the; aB. a; aC. the; theD.a; /4. __________ exciting news! We will have __________ long holiday after the exam.A. What an, aB. What, aC. How an, theD. How, the5. They were all very tired, but _____ of them would stop to have a rest.A. anyB. someC. noneD. neither6. Kate and her sister went on holiday with a cousin of ______.A. theirB. theirsC. themD. themselves7. His uncle has lived at _______ for ten years.A. No.103 Xinhua StreetB. Xinhua StreetC. Xinhua Street 103D. Xinhua Street No.1038. Our teacher told us to write a _________ composition(作文).A. two-thousand-wordB. two-thousand-wordsC. two thousands wordsD. two-thousands-word9. In the exam, the ______ you are, the ______ mistakes you'll make.A. careful; littleB. more careful; lessC. more careful; fewD. more careful; fewer10. The little girl likes animals. When she heard I would take her to the zoo, she looked_________at me.A. happyB. happilyC. angryD. angrily11. The letter _______ a week ago and it______ yesterday.A. posted; arrivedB. was posted; arrivedC. is posted; arrivedD. has posted; has arrived12. We‘re moving to a different town ___________.A. the day before yesterdayB. last SundayC. the day after tomorrowD. a week ago13. I _______ for them at the school gate ______ it began to rain.A. didn‘t wait, untilB. didn‘t wait, whenC. waited, untilD. waited, because14. My brother ______ while he _______ his bicycle and hurt himself.A. fell, was ridingB. fell, were ridingC. had fallen, rodeD. had fallen, was riding15. --- _____ will you finish writing the article? --- In two days.A. How longB. How soonC. How oftenD. How fast16. ---I hear your father ____ to Japan once.--Yes, he_______ there last year.A. went, has beenB. has gone, went `C. has been, wentD. had gone, has been17. You __ be tired after walking such a long way. Do sit down and have a rest.A. canB. mustC. shouldD. need18. There ___ a football game in our school next Wednesday.A. is going to haveB. is going to beC. haveD. has19. Could you tell me __ the bike without any help this morning?A. how does he mendB. how he mendsC. how he mendedD. how did he mend20. ---I am too tired. I don‘t think I can run any farther.---___! Don‘t give up!A. Come onB. Come inC. Go overD. Go back完型专项训练第一组:I know my brother better than anyone else in the world. Sinc e the moment of his birth, I‘ve been part of his life. I had spent seven 16 years in the world with the attention of those around me. But when Rohan was born, life 17 . Suddenly I had to 18 my toys and there were no more bedtime stories or my own choice of food.Finally, I felt my 19 at my brother. The poor baby had no idea what had made me so unhappy. Maybe he found me strange; the only person in this house 20 did not like him. Whatever the reason was, he loved 21 me around. However, I seldom talked to him and 22 asked him to leave me alone.Then all that changed. I hardly remember everything of that day six years ago, 23 I do remember that I was feeling very angry. Somehow my feet led me to my brother‘s bed. My hand, completely 24 from my mind, reached through the bars (护栏). At once, he reached his small hand and softly touched 25 . And that was all I needed. Through all the unhappiness of the day, that one moment changed 26 . How could I hate someone who made me feel so important? For the 27 time, I saw my brother, not through the eyes of a child who was no longer favored (宠爱), but through the eyes of a 28 .To this day, I can‘t imagine life 29 my brother. It is unbelievable how much I have 30 about life from a seven-year-old boy. Above all, Rohan has taught me that one should not care only for himself.16. A. happy B. hard C. lonely D. busy17. A. began B. continued C. changed D. saved18. A. collect B. choose C. hide D. share19. A. fun B. anger C. fear D. worry20. A. which B. where C. who D. what21. A. showing B. carrying C. meeting D. following22. A. always B. already C. hardly D. almost23. A. but B. so C. or D. for24. A. far B. sick C. different D. free25. A. one B. both C. mine D. them26. A. nothing B. everything C. something D. anything27. A. first B. second C. last D. next28. A. student B. parent C. teacher D. sister29. A. except B. besides C. without D. through30. A. cared B. learned C. talked D. heard第二组:How can you think in English? I think the best way is to practice as what a football player does every day. During the 21 the football player will pass the ball to his teammates over and over again. So he won‘t have to 22 passing the ball in the game, he will just do it. You can 23 yourself to think in English this way. The first step is to think of words that you use daily, simple everyday words 24 book or shoe or tree. For example, Whenever you 25 a ― book ‖, you should think of it in English instead of in your mother language.After you have learned to think of several words in English, then move on to the next step-thinking in 26 . Listening and repeating is a very useful 27 to learn a language. Listen first and don‘t care too much abou t 28 you fully understand what you‘re hearing. Try to repeat what you hear. The more you listen, the 29 you learn. After you reach a higher level, 30 having conversations with yourself in English. This will lead you to think in English.21. A. practice B. break C. game D. day22. A. wait for B. think about C. look at D. give up23. A. allow B. train C. tell D. ask24. A. in B. about C. like D. from25. A. buy B. keep C. borrow D. see26. A. sentences B. passage C. lessons D. classes27. A. idea B. step C. way D. plan28. A. which B. whether C. how D. why29. A. harder B. less C. later D. more30. A. remember B. stop C. start D. finish第三组:A young man once went to town and bought himself _16_trousers. When he got home, he went to his room and put them _17_. He found that they were about two inches too long. He went into the kitchen, and his mother and two sisters were doing some washing there. He said to them, ―The new trousers are too _18_. They need cutting by two inches. Would one of you mind _19_ this for me? ‖ His mother and sisters were busy and none of them said_20_.But as soon as his mother had finished washing up, she went to _21_ silently and cut thetrousers by two inches. She came back without saying anything to her daughters. After supper, the elder sister _22_ her brother‘s trousers. She went to his room and cut the trousers by two inches _23_ saying anything to anyone. The younger sister went to the cinema. But when she came back, she also remembered her brother‘s _24_. _25_ she went to his room and cut them by 2 inches, too.16.A a pair B a pair of C pairs of D /17.A a on B off C away D up18.A expensive B warm C long D dirty19.A selling B doing C returning D washing20.A anything B nothing C something D everything21.A the kitchen B her son‘s roomC her daughter‘s roomD her room22.A cut B remembered C bought D sold23.A by B not C without D with24.A film B trousers C room D sister25.A But B Because C So D As第四组:In America, Where labor(劳工)costs are so high, ―do-it-yourself‖ is a way of life. Many people _21_ their own cars, build their own garages, and even rebuild their own houses. _22_ many of them will also write their own books. In Hollywood there is a _23_ that publishes(出版)children‘s books with the help of computers. _24_ other book companies also publish that way, this company is not like the others. It _25_ the reader to become the main character with the help of computers. Here is _26_ they do it. Let us suppose a child named Hody. The computer uses this information to make up a story _27_ pictures. The story is then printed up. ―This book is about me,‖ a child who _28_ such a book might say. So the company is called the ―Me-Books Publishing Company‖._29_ like me-books because they like to see in print their own names, their pictures, and the names of their friends and their pets. But more _30_,in this way, readers are much more interested in reading the stories. Me-books are helping children to learn how to read.21. A. make B. build C. buy D. repair22. A. Otherwise B. Only C. Once D. Soon23. A. director B. person C. company D. computer24. A. However B. Although C. That D. Unless25. A. allows B. hates C. hires D. pays26. A. what B. how C. why D. where27. A. with B. about C. for D. except28. A. prints B. borrows C. sells D. receives29. A. Writers B. Children C. Companies D. Friends30. A. impossible B. imaginative C. important D. inactive阅读理解专项训练第一组:(A)We each have a memory(记忆力). That‘s why we can still remember things after a long time.Some people have very good memories and they can easily learn many things by heart, but some people can only remember things when they say or do them again and again. Many of the great men of the world have got surprising memories.A good memory is a great help in learning a language(语言). Everybody learns his mother language when he is a small child. He hears the sounds, remembers them and then he learns to speak. Children are living with their parents in foreign countries. They can learn two languages every day. In school it is not so easy to learn foreign language because the pupils have so little time for it, and they are busy with other subjects.But your memory will become better and better when you do more and more exercises.31. some people can easily learn many things by heart because___________________.A. they always sleep very wellB. they often eat good food.C. they read a lot of books.D. they have good memory.32.everybody learns his mother language __________________.A. at the age of sixB. when he is a small childC. after he goes to schoolD. when he can read and write.33. before a child can speak, he must ____________.A. read and write.B. make sentencesC. hear and remember the soundsD. think hard.34. in school the pupils can‘t learn a foreign language well because______________.A. they have no good memoriesB. they have no recordersC. they have too much time.D. they are busy with other subjects.35. Your memory will become better and better ______.A. if you have plenty of good foodB. if you do more and more exercisesC. if you do morning exercises every dayD. if you get early(B)“What‘s the matter, Bob?‖ asked his mother. ―Why do you look so sad?‖“I don’t have anyone to play with,”Bob said. “I wish (但愿) we stayed in Salt Lake City. I have friends there.”“You will soon make friends here,‖ said his mother. ―Wait and see!‖Just then there was a tap on the door. Mrs. Miller opened it. There stood a woman with red hair. ―Hello,‖ she said, ―I‘m Mrs. Carney. I live next door.“Come in,‖said ler. ―Bob and I are so glad you came.‖“I came to ask for two eggs‖ Mrs. Carney ―I want to bake a cake‖“You may have the eggs,‖ said Mrs. Miller. ―But sit down for a moment. Let‘s have coffee and talk a little.That afternoon there was another tap on the door. Mrs. Miller opened it. There stood a boy with red hair.“My name is Tom Carney,‖ he said. ―My mother sends you this cake and these two eggs.‖“Oh, thank you, Tom,‖ said Mrs. Miller ―come in and meet my son Bob.‖Tom and bob are about the same age. Soon they were having cake and milk. ―Can you stay and play with me?‖ asked Bob. ―Yes, I can stay an hour, ―said Tom. ―Then let‘s play a ball,‖ said Bob. ―My dog will want to get in the game, too.‖ Tom found it was fun to play with Trix. He had no dog of his own.“I am glad you live next door,‖ said Bob. ―Now I have someone to play with.‖“Mother said we would soon be good friends,‖ answered Tom. ―I‘m glad your mother needed two eggs,‖ said Bob.Tom laughed, ―She didn‘t really need the eggs,‖ he said. ―She just wants to make friends with your mother!‖ Then Bob laughed, too. ―That is a funny way to make friends,‖ he said. ―But it is a nice way. It worked.‖36. Why did Mrs. Carney come to Mrs. Miller?A. To borrow two eggs.B. To send a cake.C. To play with Trix.D. To make friends with Mrs. Miller.37. Mrs. Miller was ----- at Mrs. Carney‘s visit.A. gladB. surprisedC. unhappyD. worried38. Trix was the name of --------?A. Tom‘ toyB. Bob‘s dogC. Mrs. Miller‗s daughterD. Mrs. Miller‘s son39. This story is about one way -------.A. to borrow things from the neighborB. to play with little dogsC. to bake cakes.D. to make friends.40. The underlined word ―tap‖ means ______.A. a light knockB. a noiseC. a voiceD. a push(C)Mobile phone(手机)has become a problem for middle schools. Some middle schools in Australia have banned (禁止)students from carrying mobile phones during school hours. Mobile phone use among children has become a problem for the school this year. Several children have got mobile phones as Christmas gifts, and more students will want them.Mary Bluett, and official, said mobile phone use is a distraction(分心的事)to students during school hours and it also gives teachers so much trouble in their classrooms. Teachers were also saying that sometimes students might use phone messages to cheat during exams.She said some schools had tried to ban mobile phones. Some parents felt unhappy because they couldn‘t get in touch with their children.Many teachers said students should not have mobile phones at school, but if there was a good reason, they could leave their phones at school office. They also said there were many reasons why the students should not have mobile phones at school; they were easy to lose and were a distraction from studies.Many people say that they understand why parents would want their children to have phones, but they think school should let the students know when they can use their mobile phones.41.Some middle schools in Australia have banned students from carrying mobile phones __ ___.A. because they are studentsB. when they are freeC. when they are at schoolD. because they are children42.We know from the passage that some children get mobile phones from _____.A. the makers and sellersB. the passers-by and strangersC. their parents and friendsD. some mobile phone users43.What does the underlined word“cheat”mean in the passage?A. 聊天B. 核对C. 查询D. 作弊44.Some parents felt unhappy because they couldn’t_____ during school hours.A. use their mobile phonesB. leave their mobile phones at school officeC. help the teachers with their workD. get in touch with their children45.The passage tells us ______.A. students shouldn‘t have mobile phones at school except for some special reasonsB. it is impossible to ban students from using mobile phone at schoolC. some parents felt unhappy because they couldn‘t use their phone at schoolD. parents should teach their children how to use mobile phones during school hours第二组:(A)The fourth Thursday of November is Thanksgiving Day. It is a holiday in the USA. Usually, family members and friends get together for a dinner. People sometimes drive their cars a long way for a family reunion(团聚). Many people also take Friday off and make it a long weekend holiday, because most Americans do not work on Saturdays and Sundays.Thanksgiving Day began in 1621, when the first English settlers(定居者) reached the New World. They did not have enough food. But the American Indians helped the white men and taught them how to farm.As far as family reunion is concerned(就…而言), Thanksgiving Day is even more important than Christmas or New Year‘s Eve to most Americas.31. If November 1 is Monday, when is Thanksgiving Day?A. November 4B. November 18C. November 25D. December 232. Which of the following is true?A. The whole family gets together for a big dinner on Thanksgiving Day.B. All the Americans do not work on Thanksgiving Day.C. Americans still work on Saturday and Sunday.D. Thanksgiving Day began in the sixteenth century(世纪).33. When the first English settlers arrived in America they ___.A. had a hard timeB. lived a happy lifeC. taught American Indians how to farmD. had a lot of things to eat34. We can guess there are more family reunions ___.A. on Christmas Day than on Thanksgiving DayB. on Thanksgiving Day than on Christmas DayC. on New Year‘s Eve than on Thanksgiving DayD. on New Year‘s Day than on Thanksgiving Day(B)In America, when people meet each other for the first time, they talk about things like weather, family, work, school, or sports. They ask questions like ―Do you have any brothers or sisters?‖ ―Where do you work?‖ ―What school do you go to?‖ and ―Do you like sports?‖ They also ask questions like ―Where do you come from?‖ and ―where do you live?‖ These are polite(有礼貌的) questions, not personal or private(私人的) questions.But some things are personal and private, and questions about them are not polite. People don‘t ask questions about a pers on‘s salary. They don‘t ask how much someone paid for something. It is OK to ask children how old they are, but it is not polite to ask elder people about their ages. It is also not polite to ask people questions about politics or religion(信仰) unless you know them well. People don‘t ask unmarried people ―Why don‘t you have any children?‖35. According to (根据) this article, when you meet Americans, it is OK to ask them about their ____.A. average salaryB. favorite sportsC. religionD. politics36. When you meet Americans for the first time, the question such as ____ is NOT polite.A. ―Do you come from a big family?‖B. ―Do you like playing baseball?‖C. ―How much did your shoes cost?‖D. ―Where do you come from?‖37. In America, it‘s OK to discuss politics with ____ .A. married couplesB. childrenC. older peopleD. good friends(C)If you go into the forest with friends, stay with them always. If you don‘t, you may get lost. If you really get lost(迷路), this is what you should do. Sit down and stay where you are. Don‘t try to find your friends. Let them find you by staying in one place.There is another way to help your friends or other people nearby to find you. Give them a signal(信号) by shouting or whistling(打口哨) three times. Stop. Then shout or whistle three times. Any signal given three times is a call for help.Keep up the shouting or whistling always three times together. When people hear you, they will know that you are not just making noise for fun. They will let you know that they have heard your signals. They will give two shouts, two whistles or two guns(枪声). When someone gives a signal, it is an answer to a call for help.If you don‘t think that you will get help before night comes, try to make a little house in a hole with branches(树枝) with lots of leaves. Make yourself a soft bed with leaves and grass.What should you do if you get hungry or need drinking water? You would have to leave your little branch house to look for a river. Don‘t just walk away. Pick small branches and drop them asyou walk so that you can find your way back.38. If you got lost in the forest, you should ___.A. stay where you are and give a signal three timesB. walk around the forest and shout so that your friend may heat youC. try to find your friends as soon as possibleD. try to get out of the forest and shout for help39. When you hear ___ shouts or whistles or gun shots, you know that ___.A. two; people will soon come to help youB. three; someone is asking for helpC. three; people will soon come to help youD. two; someone is asking for help40. This story mainly tells you ___.A. that when someone gives a signal always three times, it is a call for helpB. what you should do if you get lost in the forestC. that any signal given twice means an answer to a call for helpD. to call for help第三组:(A)Mark Twain, the famous American writer, was travelling in France. Once he was going by train to Dijon. That afternoon he was very tried and wanted to sleep, so he asked the conductor to wake him up when they came to Dijon. But first he explained that he was a very heavy sleeper. “I will probably protest (抗议) loudly when you try to wake me up,”he said to the conductor, “but do not take any notice. Just put me off the train anyway.”Then Mark Twain went to sleep. Later, when he woke up, it was night-time and the train was in Pairs already. He realized at once that the conductor had forgotten to wake him up at Dijon. He was ver y angry. He ran up to the conductor and began to shout at him. ―I have been never so angry in all my life.‖Mark Twain said.The conductor looked at him calmly. ―You are not half so angry as the American who I put off at Dijon,‖He said.26. Who‘s Mark Twa in?A. a France writerB. a famous artistC. an American writerD. a traveler27. Mark Twain wanted to sleep because_______A. he was triedB. he was hungryC. he was a lazy manD. he liked sleeping28. He wanted to get off the train_______A. in FranceB. in AmericanC. in ParisD. in Dijon29. A heavy sleeper means _______A. a person not easily to sleepB.a person not easily to wake upC.a person who liked to protestD. a person who was calm30. Which of the following is true?A. The conductor forgot to wake him upB. Mark Twain was not very angry when he was put offC. the conductor put the wrong person off the train at Dijon。