2019年全国英语等级考试四级全真预测卷听力(4)

2019下半年英语四级预测试卷听力题(四)sectionA Section A11. [A] Go with her to the airport. [B] Talk to her fora short time.[C] Find out when the plane is leaving. [D] Make the phone call now.12. [A] He went to the dancing party.[B] He forgot about the dancing party.[C] He didn’t find the note in the mailbox.[D] He didn’t know about the dancing party.13. [A] She’ll run if no one else wants to.[B] She’ll not run because it is time-consuming.[C] She’ll run for sure.[D] She hasn’t decided.14. [A] How to find the subway. [B] How to drive safely.[C] How to avoid heavy traffic. [D] How to escape the busy life of town.15. [A] The pictures of night view are really betterthan he expected.[B] H e didn’t know how he finished his role in the play.[C] The film hasn’t been processed yet.[D] He didn’t have enough film.16. [A] She is sure John was joking.[B] She believes John may sell his shop.[C] She thinks John wants to go into business.[D] She thinks John has already studied some profession.17. [A] She’ll probably buy neither of the gloves.[B] She’ll probably buy the leather gloves.[C] She’ll probably buy two pairs of gloves.[D] She’ll probably buy the artifici al leather gloves.18. [A] The woman always thinks the man is an athlete.[B] The man is surprised to hear what the woman says.[C] The man doesn’t look like an active participant in sports.[D] Most people that the man meets think differently from the woman.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. [A] In his last week public relation class.[B] In his last week literature class.[C] In his last week history class.[D] In his last week maths class.20. [A] In 621. [B] In 1621. [C] In 1631. [D] In 1641.21. [A] They were religious people from New England.[B] They were religious people from America.[C] They were religious people from England.[D] They were ethnic people from England.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. [A] The benefits of nuclear weapons.[B] The environmental pollution caused by nuclear-powered stations.[C] The disadvantages of used fuel.[D] The advantages of nuclear-powered stations.23. [A] 7,500. [B] 75,000. [C] 57,000.[D] 15,000.24. [A] The United Nations Atomic Energy Authority.[B] The United Kingdom Atomic Energy Organization.[C] The United States Atomic Energy Authority.[D] The United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority.25. [A] The nuclear stations are safer than the coal-fired stations.[B] The cost of building the nuclear stations is more than that of the coal-fired stations.[C] The cheaper running of the nuclear stations can offset its great construction.[D] The nuclear stations are much cleaner than the conventional ones.。

2019英语四级考试听力预测试题(4)1.W：I think I'll take my mother to that French restaurant on Main Street for her birthdaM：I hope it's not any time soon.They are usually booked up weeks in advancQ：What does the man mean?2.M：Did you notice that Mark shaved off his beard over the summer.W：Notice?I didn't recognize him.Q：What does the woman say about Mark?3.W：Is there a weight limit to the luggage a passenger can carry on the train?M：Yes.But yours is only 15 kilograms,5 kilograms less than that limit.Q：What is the weight limit to the luggage one passenger can carry on the plane?4.W：I wish I hadn't thrown away that list of books.M：I thought you might,so I took it from the waste paper basket.It's right here in my pocket.Q：What do we learn about the list?5.W：I'm really looking forward to the picnic tomorrow.M：If we are lucky,we'll have some sun this year for a change.Q：What does the man imply?6.M：It's a pity that I missed the modern art exhibition at the museum.W：You might well try to catch it when it opens in New York next month.Q：What does the woman suggest that the man do?7.M：Hey.There's a program on the radio tonight at seven you might like.It's about parrots.W：I have heared about it.But you are right ,I am interesting in it.Q：What will the woman probably do?8.M：I thought you were going to call me last night about the train schedule.W：Sorry.I would have.But Harry and Jack stopped by and stayed past midnight.Q：What does the woman mean?9.W：Gosh!Fred,another cup of coffee?That's your third since lunch.M：Yeah,Well,I stayed up all night working for my English exam.I couldn't keep my eyes open in my last class.I'm having this coffee so I can stay awake this afternoon.Q：Why is the man drinking so much coffee?10.M：What's up with Donald?I've never seen him so happy.W：His supervisor gave performance evaluations this morning.Q：What can be inferred about Donald?Passage oneStarted in 1636,Harvard University is the oldest of all the colleges and universities in the UnitedStates.Yale,Princeton,and Dartmouth were opened soon after Harvard.They were all started before the American Revolution made the thirteen colonies into states.In the earlyyears,these schools were much alike.Only young men attended college.All the students studied the same subjects and everyone learned Latin and Greek.Little was known about sciencethen,and one kind of school could teach everything that was known about the world.When the students graduated,most of them became ministers or teachers .In 1782,Harvard started a medical school for young men who wanted to becometer,lawyers could receive their training in Harvard Law School.In 1825,Harvard began teaching modernlanguages,such as French and German,as well as Latin and Greek.Soon it began teaching American history.As knowledge increased,Harvard and other colleges began to teach many new subjects.Students were allowed to choose the subjects that interested them.Special colleges for women were started.New state universities began to teach such subjects asfarming,engineering and business.Today,there are many different kinds of colleges and universities.Most of them are divided into smaller schools that deal with special fields of learning.There is so much to learn that one kind of school cannot offer it all.。

2019大学英语四级考试听力预测试题(4)1.W：I think I'll take my mother to that French restaurant on Main Street for her birthdaM：I hope it's not any time soon.They are usually booked up weeks in advancQ：What does the man mean?2.M：Did you notice that Mark shaved off his beard over the summer.W：Notice?I didn't recognize him.Q：What does the woman say about Mark?3.W：Is there a weight limit to the luggage a passenger can carry on the train?M：Yes.But yours is only 15 kilograms,5 kilograms less than that limit.Q：What is the weight limit to the luggage one passenger can carry on the plane?4.W：I wish I hadn't thrown away that list of books.M：I thought you might,so I took it from the waste paper basket.It's right here in my pocket.Q：What do we learn about the list?5.W：I'm really looking forward to the picnic tomorrow.M：If we are lucky,we'll have some sun this year for a change.Q：What does the man imply?6.M：It's a pity that I missed the modern art exhibition at the museum.W：You might well try to catch it when it opens in New York next month.Q：What does the woman suggest that the man do?7.M：Hey.There's a program on the radio tonight at seven you might like.It's about parrots.W：I have heared about it.But you are right ,I am interesting in it.Q：What will the woman probably do?8.M：I thought you were going to call me last night about the train schedule.W：Sorry.I would have.But Harry and Jack stopped by and stayed past midnight.Q：What does the woman mean?9.W：Gosh!Fred,another cup of coffee?That's your third since lunch.M：Yeah,Well,I stayed up all night working for my English exam.I couldn't keep my eyes open in my last class.I'm having this coffee so I can stay awake this afternoon.Q：Why is the man drinking so much coffee?10.M：What's up with Donald?I've never seen him so happy.W：His supervisor gave performance evaluations this morning.Q：What can be inferred about Donald?Passage oneStarted in 1636,Harvard University is the oldest of all the colleges and universities in the UnitedStates.Yale,Princeton,and Dartmouth were opened soon after Harvard.They were all started before the American Revolution made the thirteen colonies into states.In the earlyyears,these schools were much alike.Only young men attended college.All the students studied the same subjects and everyone learned Latin and Greek.Little was known about sciencethen,and one kind of school could teach everything that was known about the world.When the students graduated,most of them became ministers or teachers .In 1782,Harvard started a medical school for young men who wanted to becometer,lawyers could receive their training in Harvard Law School.In 1825,Harvard began teaching modernlanguages,such as French and German,as well as Latin and Greek.Soon it began teaching American history.As knowledge increased,Harvard and other colleges began to teach many new subjects.Students were allowed to choose the subjects that interested them.Special colleges for women were started.New state universities began to teach such subjects asfarming,engineering and business.Today,there are many different kinds of colleges and universities.Most of them are divided into smaller schools that deal with special fields of learning.There is so much to learn that one kind of school cannot offer it all.。

2019 年 6 月大学英语四级模拟真题及答案详解( 第一套)Part I Writing (25 minutes)( 请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an advertisement on your campus website to sell a computer you used at college. Your advertisement may include its brand, specifications/features, condition and price, and your contact information.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear questions, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 1 上作答。

2019年全国英语等级考试四级全真预测卷听力(5)Section I Listening Comprehension(30 minutes)Directions：This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English．You will hear a selection of recorded gnaterials and you must anszuer the questions that accompany them．There are three parts in this section，PartA，PartB and Part C．Remember，while you are doing the test，you should first put down your answers in your test booklet． At t沁end ofthe listening comprehension section，you will have 5 minutesto transfer all your anszuers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1．If you have any questions，you may raise your hand NOW as you will not be allowed to speak once thetest has started．Now look nt Part A in your test booklet．Part ADirections：For Questi0ns l～5，you will hear a conversation betweena inzln and a woman．While you listen，fill out the tablewith the information you have heard．Some of the information has been given to you in the tablP．Write 0nly l word in each numbered box．You will hear the recording twice．You now have 25 seconds to rgQd the table below．Part BDirections：For Questions 6～10．you will hear a talk about cigarette smoking．While you listen，complete the sentence(s)and answer the question(s)．Use not more than 3 words for each anszeyer．You will hear the recording twice．You now have 25 seconds to read the sentence(s)and the question(s)below．part CDirections：You will hear three dialogues or monologues．Before listening to each one，you will have 5 seconds to read eachof the questions which accompany it．while listening，answer each question by choosing[A]，[B]，[C]or[D]．After listening，you will have to seconds to check your anszuer to each question．You will hear each piece ONLY ONCE．Question ll～13 are based on a taped library tour．You nOW have l5 seconds to read Questions ll～13．11．Where would you find this m onth’S issue of Time Magazine?[A]Level l．[B]Level 2．[C]Level 3．[D]Level 4．12．Where would you find a book on electronic engineering?[A]Level l．[B]Level 2．[C]Level 3．[D]Level 4．13．How much would you have to pay in late fees if you had a book that was 40 days overdue?[A]50 cents．[B]$15．00．[C]$15．50．[D]$20．00．Questions l4～16 are based on a text about ice phrases．You now have l5 seconds to read Questions l4～16．14．What is the meaning of“Skating on thin ice”?[A]lOne may be doing something quite difficult．[B]0ne may be doing something quite risky．[C]One may be doing something quite annoying．[D]One may be doing something impossible．15．When somebody told you that you will“cut noice”with him，what did he mean?[A]You will not persuade him．[B]He is getting nowhere with you．[C]You cannot sell your ice to him．[D]You should not waste time cutting ice with him．l6．When the game is really over，which idiom can we use?[A]It is iced up．[B]Skating on thin ice．[C]To cut no ice．[D]To break the ice．Questions l 7～20 are based on a conversation about hunting an apartment．You now have 20 seconds toread Questions l7～20．17．What is wrong with the worilan’s current apartment?[A]It，s too nois y．[B]The walls are too thin．[C]The buses don’t go in that direction．[D]The boiler often goes wrong．18．What do you think the woman is?[A]A university student．[B]A landlady．[C]A researcher．[D]A repair woman．19．At what time of the year does the conversation most probably take place?[A]Winter．[B]Summer．[C]Spring．[D]Autumn．20．What does the woman require of her next apartment?[A]It must be a highrise．[B]It must near the university．[C]It must be quiet．[D]It must be new and functional．Part AM：S0，Lily，now that we’ve heard that you work outside．Tell us about what you do on weekends：whenyou get up，what you have for breakfast，what you do for fun，and things like that．W：Well，I get up very early，around five 0’clock，because… M：Five 0’clock!Even on weekends?Do you do that often? W：Oh，yes，nearly every weekend．I never sleep late．There is just too much to d0．I hate waking up late．Even on weekends．And then I sometimes go for a long swim in my pool，when I don’t go for a run．Exercise is very important to me．M：At five 0’clock in the morning you go for a run?W：Yes，sometimes，or as I said，sometimes go for a swim． M：0K…and then?W：Well，then I have breakfast，and after breakfast I get down to work． M：Oh，you work on weekends，too?W：Oh，yes，I always work on weekends． M：But don’t you ever relax?W：Relax?M：You know，take the day off and have a good time，enjoy yourself?Go to a museum or to the park orsomething．W：Oh，n0．I never go to the museum．But I enjoy myself．I always enjoy myself at work． M：Well，OK．Thank you，Lily Tarkis．Bye-bye．Part BUntil the twentieth century cigarettes were not an important threat to public health．Men used tobacco mainly in the form of cigars，chewing tobacc0，piping tobacco and snuff．Most women did not use tobacco at all．The cigarette industry began in the l870s with the development of the cigarette manufacturing machine．This made it possible to produce great number of cigarettes very quickly，and it reduced the price．Today cigarette smoking is a widespread habit．About 43%of the adult men and 31%of the adult women in the United States smoke cigarettesregularly．It is encouraging to note，however，that millions of people have given up the smoking habit．75%of the male population and 46%of the female population have smoked cigarettes at some time during their lives，but 26%of these men and 11%of the women have stopped smoking．The number of persons who have given up smoking is increasing．Men as a group smoke more than women．Between men and women the age group with the highest proportion of smokers is the age group 24～44．Income，education，and occupation all play a part in determining a person’s smoking habit．City people smoke more than people living on farms．On the one hand，well—educated men with high incomes are less likely to smoke cigarettes than men with fewer Years of schooling and lower incomes．on the other hand，if a well-educated man with a higher income smokers at all，he is likely to smoke more packs of cigarettes per day．The situation is somewhat different for women．There are slightly more smokers among women with higher family incomes and higher education than among the lower income and lower educational groups． These more highly educated women tend to smoke more heavily．Part CQuestions ll～13 are based on a taped library tour．You now have l5 seconds to read Questions ll～13．Hello and welcome to the university library．This taped tour will introduce you to our library’sfacilities and operating hours．First of all，the library’s collection of books，reference materials，and other resources are found on levels one to four of this building．Level one houses our humanities and map collections．On level two，you will find our circulation desk，current periodicals and journals，and our computer and copy facilities．Our science and engineering sections can be found on level three．You’ll also find back issues of periodicals and joumals older than six months onthis level．Finally，group study rooms，and microfilm collection，and our audiovisual center are located on level four．Undergraduate students can check out uD to five booksfor two weeks．Graduate students can cheek out fifteen books for two months．Books can be renewed up to two times．Thereis a 50一cent-a-day late fee for overdue books up to a maximum of$15．00．Periodicals and reference books cannot be checked out．The library is open weekdays，8：00 a．rrL to 10：00 P．rrL。

2019四级模拟试卷第09组（听力）Part ⅠListening Comprehension(20 minutes)Section ADirections：In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Example：You will hear：M： When shall we start our work, Jane?W：Tomorrow at 9 o’clock. But we must work quickly, for we have to finish everything before 2 in the afternoon.Q： For how long can they work?You will read：A) 2 hours.B) 3 hours.C) 4 hours.D) 5 hours.From the conversation we know that the two are talking about some work they will start at 9 o’clock in the morning andhave to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D)“5 hours” is the correct answer. You should choose ［D］ on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center.Sample Answer ［A］［B］［C］ [CD2][KG-1*4/5]［D］1.A) A drug store. B) A hospital.C) A supermarket. D) A clothes shop.2.A) Clean air. B) Friendly folks.C) Freshness. D) Peaceful surroundings.3.A) Buy a ticket. B) Leave at once.C) Get ready immediately. D) Call a taxi.4.A) Stay at home and review the lesson.B) Stay at home and have a good rest.C) Go somewhere else.D) Go to the concert tomorrow.5.A) There is a flood every two years.B) The flood is the worst ever since sixties.C) There is a serious drought.D) There is a severe flood.6.A) The woman is an excellent cook.B) The woman is a housewife.C) Mary helped a lot in cooking the dish.D) The woman has never cooked before.7.A) He had to rewrite his essay.B) He thought it better not to take part in the party.C) He forgot about the English Evening.D) His supervisor wanted to talk to him.8.A) He has failed in the exam.B) He has lost in the game.C) He couldn’t represent his team.D) The track meet had been cancelled.9.A) To return the shoes and get the refund.B) To buy another pair of shoes.C) To change the shoes for another style.D) To change the shoes for a different color.10.A) He has some trouble with his parents.B) His parents had a quarrel.C) He and his wife might have had a quarrel.D) His wife and his parents might have disagreed with each other.。

2019年12月英语四级考试听力真题及答案2015年12月英语四级考试听力真题及答案Part 1 短对话Question 1- M： Do you remember the wonderful film on space exploration we watched together last month?- W： Sure。

It’s actually the most impressive oneI’ve seen on that topic。

Q：What do we learn about the speakers?Question 2- W： Are you looking for anything in particular?- M： Yes。

My son is graduating from high school， and I want to get him something special。

Q：Where does the conversation most probably take place?Question 3- M： Mike told me yesterday that he had been looking in vain for a job in the art gallery。

- W： Really? If I remember right， he had a chance to work there， but he turned it down。

Q：What does the woman say about Mike?Question 4- W：Would you like to come to Susan’s birthday party tomorrow evening?- M：I’m going to give a lecture tomorrow。

I wish I could be in two places at the same time。

大学英语全真预测卷（一）Section A1. A. from a job-hunting websiteB. from the personnel department of her companyC. from the website of the man’s companyD. from the bulletin of the man’s company2. A. Her company closed downB. She was dissatisfied with her companyC. Her company was in poor managementD. She was laid off by her company3. A. Being very diligent in very aspectB. Working voluntarily for her superiorC. Doing the work arranged by her managerD. Doing well in shorthand and typing4. A. She can know important things very soonB. The boss may know the schedule beforehandC. She can deal with the chores for the bossD. The boss may inform her of important issues5. A. check-in only takes a few minutes but check-out does notB. The swimming pool costs customers a lotC. The waiters work well and the dish they recommend is niceD. The high tip is unbelievable which the guests dislike6. A. Nobody checks in except at weekendsB. The hotel is full at weekendsC. It is too full to afford any tourist at weekendsD. It is so crowded that tourists should make reservations7. A. He couldn’t check his e-mails because of the Internet connection problemB. He couldn’t receive his letters because of the waiter’s carelessnessC. He couldn’t order the meals in his room because of lacking menusD. He couldn’t sleep well because of the noise outside8. A. Guests give their tips to the manager instead of waitersB. Guests put their tips in the box at the reception deskC. Guests never give tips to the waiters at weekdaysD. Guests put the tips in the room when they check outSection B9. A. The number of Net users is growing fast in developing countriesB. Most people in developed world are Net usersC. Net users are more active in developing countriesD. There are more Net users in developing countries10.A. They don’t have access to InternetB. They can’t understand any foreign languageC. They can’t read or writeD. They don’t know how to search information11.A. To develop the information technologyB. To provide ways of communication and studyC. To help Net users with their own problemsD. To make the Web more user-friendly12.A. Making the illiterate have access to InternetB. Creating simpler language for its usersC. Attracting more phone users to join its networksD. Making it easier to use the Web13.A. Ancient people extracted juice from grapesB. People stored grapes in containers for wineC. Juice from ripe grapes unexpectedly turned into wineD. Winemaking industry turned grapes into wine14.A. It was less popular than coffee and teaB. It was the only prepared drinkC. It was first made in EuropeD. It was transported in glass containers15.A. They can preserve wine for much longer periodB. They can be more convenient to transportC. They make wine taste much betterD. They make wine more impressiveSection C16 A) Simple but popular. B) Simple but importantC) Common but practical. D) Common but useful17 A) peace of mind B)Great successC) An ideal job D)Material abundance18 A)Be sympathetic and generous B)Be kind and enthusiasticC)Be humble, modest and respectful D)Be helpful and considerate.19 A)To enjoy a better tomorrow. B)To make good use of timeC)To improve living skills. D)To be more experienced.20 A)It can exercise your muscles. B) It can relax body and mindC)It can cure some diseases. D) It can slow your breathing21 A)One hour after meal. B) Immediately after meal.C)Half an hour before meal. D)Two hours after meal.22 A)Keep practicing until you can do them. B)Skip such difficult poses.C)Ask your teacher for help. D) Change them so that you can do them.23 A) Greenhouse gases. B)Over-exploitation of the beach.C)Change of agricultural zones. D) Change of climates.24 A)Farming implements. B) Scientific farming methods.C)Heat-resistant and drought-resistant crops. D)scientific farming system.25 A) By the end of this century B)By the first half of this century.C)By the second half of this century. D) In the middle of this century大学英语全真预测卷（二）Section A1. A. difficult B. easy C. sad D. worrying2. A. It has world-famous players and superstarsB. It has modern facilities and traveling convenienceC. It is near the seaside with a lot of sunshineD. It possesses the tradition of playing football3. A. Qatar B. Australia C. The US D. Japan4. A. It will become more popular than beforeB. It will have its transportation developedC. Its football industry will be improvedD. It will obtain more money than before5. A. about one summerB. about one weekC. about one monthD. about one day6. A. canoeing B. swimming C. hiking D. cooking7. A. He lost in interest in campingB. He was drownedC. He was poisoned by foodD. He was injured when running8. A. It is boringB. It is just passableC. It is too dangerousD. It helps him to be matureSection B9. A. People regard nutrition as a priorityB. People take more and more fresh foodsC. People realize the harm of convenience foodsD. People can’t take fresh foods totally10.A. 2010 B. 2100 C. 2400 D. 360011.A. fatness B. laziness C. malnutrition D. skinniness12.A. by reading nutrition facts instructionB.by taking the food himselfC. by consulting the authorityD. by making scientific research13.A.to make school life interestingB. to motivate the student’s passionC. to punish the students who behave badlyD. to control the students who scream a lot14.A. They think it will hurt the students’ heartsB. They think it is too wildC. They think it is too strictD. They think it can’t solve the problems15.A. Negative B. PositiveC. NeutralD. IndifferentSection C16 A) It is caused by stress from work or study.B)It has a great impact on people’s life.C)It results in some strange diseases nowadays.D)It gives people lots of trouble at work.17 A)Talk about it. B)Immerse ourselves in it.C)Ignore it. D)Shut it down.18 A) To release the negative emotion. B)To relax ourselves.C)TO feel more comfortable. D)To have a short break.19 A)Looking down upon it. B)Doing something else.B)Giving it space and attention D)Getting some amusement.20 A)It is more dangerous.B)It is much easier to do.C)It is hard to find a proper place for it.D)It takes much shorter time to get pleasure.21 A)Because people want to get away from modern life.B)Because people have more free time.C)Because people like adventures.D)Because people are not quite pleased with modern life.22 A)People are becoming crazy.B)Some kinds of dangerous sport are not popular as before.C)The reason why people nowadays take part in some dangerous sports.D)Bungee jumping is different from other dangerous sports.23 A)Because they wanted to record the animals they caught.B)Because they wanted to make stories about animal-hunting.C) Because the painters wanted to show imagination.D)Because the pictures were thought to be helpful.24 A)writing. B)Religious symbols.C) entertaining D)Curse.25 A)South Africa. B)Egypt.C)Australia. D)The East.大学生英语六级考试全真预测卷（三）Section A1. A. The history of some famous citiesB. The population in the whole worldC. The difference between Europe and USAD. The characteristics of some large cities2. A. Housing and servicesB. Traffic and resourcesC. Water and electricityD. Pollution and population3. A. They controlled the growthB. They grew relatively slowlyC. They had the same populationD. They were quite different4. A. To live together with their familyB. To bring their skills to citiesC. To build a better countrysideD. To search a better condition5. A. video and online gameB. hazards of high-tech societyC. relationships on campusD. Internet addiction6. A. Because they lack self-discipline in their studiesB. Because they spend too much time on the InternetC. Because they have not exerted their utmost effortsD. Because they have developed poor relationship with teachers7. A. The impulse to go online begins to affect other areas of lifeB. One begins to feel anxious or depressed or lonely if onlineC. One isn’t looking forward to being connected with other people onlineD. One is likely to be violent or crazy or aggressive if not online Section B8. A. to have some sort of balance in lifeB. to keep off the Internet completelyC. to develop some sort of healthy recreationD. to have a face-to-face talk with a psychiatrist9. A. How people fall illB. The influence of people’s emotions on their healthC. A new method to cure breast cancerD. Several ways to keep fit10.A. Because he was of ill healthB. Because he was in a bad moodC. Because his wife abandoned himD. Because his immune system was not strong enough11.A. Those who like talking about cheerful things live longerB. Those who avoid talking about cheerful things die soonerC. Those who like talking about their disease live longerD. Those who avoid talking about their illness live longer12.A. Selling home furnishingB. Renting furnished apartmentC. Selling used furnitureD. Renting home furnishing13.A. Because the furniture they get in this way is better in qualityB. Because it saves them a lot of moneyC. Because it saves them much trouble and moneyD. Because they can get better quality furniture in this way14.A. The idea of renting furniture is not acceptableB. Renting furniture is not popular in the couple’s home townC. Only those who don’t have enough money want to rent furnitureD. People usually grow to like the furniture they have rented15.A. Rent or Buy?B. A New Way of Getting Home FurnishingC. Furnished ApartmentD. A New IdeaSection CDirections: In this section, you will hear recordings of lectures or talks followed by some questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 16 to 1916. A) Those who have enough time for holidays.B) Those who are too busy to make perfect private plans.C) Those who seldom do time management.D) Those who have got a messy life.17. A) Light candles. B) Singing songs.C) Saying a special prayer. D) Going to church.18. A) Let them deliver the things to the recipients.B) Let them choose what to give away.C) Tell them how meaningful giving is.D) Give them some awards after that.19. A) Holding a New Year’s Day party.B) Locking yourself in the bathroom.C) Protecting people’s privacy.D) Carving out time for yourself.Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 20 to 2320. A) The important color in nature.B) The stories of the word “green”.C) The emotions of green-eyed monster.D) The meanings of a green light.21. A) A mature person. B) A brave soldier.C) A young cow. D) An inexperienced person.22. A) In the 15th century. B) About 400 years ago.C) In the 18th century. D) About 600 years ago.Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 23 to 2523. A) It had much more pages than newspapers.B) It was given away for free.C) It dealt with issues rather than events.D) It was more widely available than newspapers.24. A) He wrote articles critical of the Church of England.B) He refused to stop publishing the Review.C) He refused to pay publishing taxes.D) He refused to join the Church of England.25. A) It was not really a magazine.B) It featured a variety of articles and stories.C) It was praised by readers of poetry.D) It was unpopular with politicians.大学生英语六级考试全真预测卷（四）1. A. She is writing a competitive paper for a scholarshipB. She is doing a research paperC. She missed the lectureD. She is planning to attend the scholarship award ceremony2. A. Why species don’t avoid extinction by adaptingB. Why species become extinct at the rate they doC. Why humans aren’t extinctD. How many species aren’t extinct3. A. Because every species becomes extinctB. Because human beings are powerful enough to kill other speciesC. Because of over-populationD. Because though human being is still a young species, it is exploiting the environment4. A. He thinks files will take over the earthB. He thinks human will die off quite soonC. He thinks mass disease could be the next path to extinctionD. He sees human beings as destructive5. A. To purchase his plane ticketB. To pick up a passport application formC. To change his plane ticketD. To arrange for his accommodations in Europe6. A. He’s spoken to her on the phoneB. He stayed in her apartment for one summerC. He went on a summer trip with herD. He used to work with her7. A. 3 weeks B. 3 months C. 2 months D. over 1 year8. A. Leave it vacant B. Rent it to the man she is talking withC. Sublet it to Jim ThomasD. Ask his landlord to sublet itSection B9. A. Billions of customers B. Millions of customersC. Ten millions of customersD. Ten billions of customers10. A. Fried chicken, burgers and salads B. Fried chicken, burgers and friesC. Fried chicken, fries and saladsD. Fried chicken, salads and sandwich11. A. Having more decayed teeth B. Eating moreC. Getting depressed earlierD. Losing appetites for other food12. A. Fast food contains high amount of saltB. Eating fast food causes depressionC. People should eat less fat foodD. Eating fast food increase the risk for depression13．A. Dogs are good companionsB. Dogs can help relieve stressesC. Dogs can help increase physical exerciseD. Dogs can help work better14. A. Bringing dogs to work can help reduce stressesB. Bringing dogs to work would cause chaosC. Bring dogs to work is not permittedD. Bringing dogs to work needs to pay15. A. The reasons for raising a dogB. The benefits of bringing dogs to workC. The problems caused by raising a dogD. The problems caused by bringing a dog to workSection CDirections: In this section, you will hear recordings of lectures or talks followed by some questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 16 to 1916. A) They are especially helpful to new graduates.B) They tell people how to hunt for jobs.C) They are most popular with college students.D) They give people ideas of changing jobs.17. A) Being less likely to die from cancer.B) Being more successful in business.C) Keeping mental acuity as you age.D) Feeling more capable of facing challenges.18. A) Being considerate. B) Being optimistic.C) Being flexible. D) Being forgiving.19. A) They think the housing price will be higher.B) They think taxes and insurance are affordable.C) They think it is too expensive to rent a house.D) They think it is a reasonable investment.Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 20 to 2320. A) The number of people relying on their mother tongue will drop.B) The percentage of native speakers of English will increase.C) People will choose Chinese rather than EnglishD) People may use two or more languages.21. A) The number of Spanish speakers is far greater than that of Arabic speakersB) Arabic spoken in Egypt differs from Arabic spoken in morocco in origin.C) Arabic spoken in one Arab country may not be understood in another.D) The number of Arabic speakers is declining because of the invasion of English22. A) It is uncertain whether English will be the world language in the future.B) Spanish is very likely to become the top language of the world by 2050.C) Most people in the world will learn to speak Chinese in the future.D) It is difficult for Arab countries to standardize their language.Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 23 to 2523. A) It can develop the communicative ability with foreigners.B) It can boost driving ability during the day.C) It can promote the understanding of the society.D) It can improve the hand-eye coordination.24. A) People playing games make decisions much faster than most people.B) People playing games can focus on more things at once than common people.C) People playing games often get confused when focusing on many things atonce.D) People playing games prefer to sell video and computer games.25. A) They may influence players’ brain activity in emotional control.B) They may result in the overweight of players.C) They may promote players’ creativity and perception.D) They may help players to focus on more things at once.。

2019四级模拟试卷第05组（听力）Part ⅠListening Comprehension (20 minutes)Directions：In this section,you will hear ten short conversations.At the end of each conversation, a questionwill be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause,you must read the four choices marked A),B),C) and D),and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Example：You will hear：You will read：A)At the office. B)In the waiting room.C)At the airport. D)In a restaurant.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they hadto finish in the evening.This is most likely to have taken place at the office.Therefore,A.At the office is the best answer.You should choose 【A】on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center.Sample Answer ［A］[KG-1*5]—［B］［C］［D］1.A)He will return the following week.B)He will be back immediately after the holiday.C)He will come back for the holiday.D)He will begin his vacation next week.2.A)The speakers are bothered by the smoke.B)The man complains the smoke in the room.C)The room is very hot.D)The woman is bothered by the smoke.3.A)In the living room. B)In the bedroom.C)In the garden. D)In the garage.4.A) $10.00. B)$6.00. C)$20.00. D)$4.00.5.A)In a mill. B)In a bank. C)In an airport. D)In a post office.6.A)He was late.B)He is hoping for a promotion.C)He is a new employee.D)The boss usually leaves messages for him.7.A)The Best of Jazz. B)Christmas Carols.C)Rock Music Collection. D)Classical Favorites.8.A)She doesn’t like to go shopping.B)She went shopping yesterday.C)She doesn’t live near the shops.D)She prefers shopping to studying.9.A)To buy an old car.B)To buy a new car.C)To consider carefully before making decision.D)Not to buy any car.10.A)At 6：30. B)At 7：00. C)At 7：30. D)At 8：00.。

2019大学英语四级模拟试卷第04组（听力）Part ⅠListening Comprehension (20 minutes)Directions：In this section,you will hear ten short conversations.At the end of each conversation, a questionwill be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause,you must read the four choices marked A),B),C) and D),and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Example：You will hear：You will read：A)At the office. B)In the waiting room.C)At the airport. D)In a restaurant.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they hadto finish in the evening.This is most likely to have taken place at the office.Therefore,A.At the office is the best answer.You should choose 【A】on the AnswerSheet and mark it with a single line through the center.Sample Answer ［A］[KG-1*5]—［B］［C］［D］1.A)8 hours. B)2 hours. C) 6 hours. D)4 hours.2.A)He doesn’t like the dinner because it’s very dirty.B)Generally speaking, he likes it.C)He has never had such a nice dinner.D)He has a same feeling with the woman.3.A)She decided to stay at home.B)She was sick.C)She had to fly out of town.D)She said that she’d come later.4.A)They haven’t discussed it casually.B)They have discussed it casually.C)They will discuss it casually.D)They won’t discuss it casually.5.A)Tom and Kate will be away from home tonight.B)They are going to a concert.C)Tom’s talking on a phone.D)They’ll ask in a baby-sitter.6.A)$ 40. B)$14. C)$80. D)$28.7.A)One. B)Two. C)Three. D)Four.8.A)Cold. B)Cool. C)Warm. D)Raining.9.A)The woman. B)A bakery.C)The woman’s husband. D)The woman’s mother.10.A)She thinks it is too expensive.B)She thinks the dress is out of date.C)She doesn’t like the dress.D)She likes the dress.。

2019四级考试听力预测试题(4)1.W：I think I'll take my mother to that French restaurant on Main Street for her birthdaM：I hope it's not any time soon.They are usually booked up weeks in advancQ：What does the man mean?2.M：Did you notice that Mark shaved off his beard over the summer.W：Notice?I didn't recognize him.Q：What does the woman say about Mark?3.W：Is there a weight limit to the luggage a passenger can carry on the train?M：Yes.But yours is only 15 kilograms,5 kilograms less than that limit.Q：What is the weight limit to the luggage one passenger can carry on the plane?4.W：I wish I hadn't thrown away that list of books.M：I thought you might,so I took it from the waste paper basket.It's right here in my pocket.Q：What do we learn about the list?5.W：I'm really looking forward to the picnic tomorrow.M：If we are lucky,we'll have some sun this year for a change.Q：What does the man imply?6.M：It's a pity that I missed the modern art exhibition at the museum.W：You might well try to catch it when it opens in New York next month.Q：What does the woman suggest that the man do?7.M：Hey.There's a program on the radio tonight at seven you might like.It's about parrots.W：I have heared about it.But you are right ,I am interesting in it.Q：What will the woman probably do?8.M：I thought you were going to call me last night about the train schedule.W：Sorry.I would have.But Harry and Jack stopped by and stayed past midnight.Q：What does the woman mean?9.W：Gosh!Fred,another cup of coffee?That's your third since lunch.M：Yeah,Well,I stayed up all night working for my English exam.I couldn't keep my eyes open in my last class.I'm having this coffee so I can stay awake this afternoon.Q：Why is the man drinking so much coffee?10.M：What's up with Donald?I've never seen him so happy.W：His supervisor gave performance evaluations this morning.Q：What can be inferred about Donald?Passage oneStarted in 1636,Harvard University is the oldest of all the colleges and universities in the UnitedStates.Yale,Princeton,and Dartmouth were opened soon after Harvard.They were all started before the American Revolution made the thirteen colonies into states.In the early years,these schools were much alike.Only young men attended college.All the students studied the same subjects and everyone learned Latin and Greek.Little was known about sciencethen,and one kind of school could teach everything that was known about the world.When the students graduated,most of them became ministers or teachers .In 1782,Harvard started a medical school for young men who wanted to becometer,lawyers could receive their training in Harvard Law School.In 1825,Harvard began teaching modernlanguages,such as French and German,as well as Latin and Greek.Soon it began teaching American history.As knowledge increased,Harvard and other colleges began to teach many new subjects.Students were allowed to choose the subjects that interested them.Special colleges for women were started.Newstate universities began to teach such subjects asfarming,engineering and business.Today,there are many different kinds of colleges and universities.Most of them are divided into smaller schools that deal with special fields of learning.There is so much to learn that one kind of school cannot offer it all.Questions 11 to 14 are based on the passage you have just heard.11.What is this passage talking about on the whole?12.When did Harvard start a medical school?]13.What foreign languages did Harvard teach in 1825?14.What can be inferred from the passage?Passage TwoYou may not realize that fog is simply a cloud that touches the ground.Like any cloud it is composed of tiny droplets of water,or in rare cases,of ice crystals that form an ice fog.Ice fogs usually occur only in extremely cold climates,because water droplets are so tiny they don't become solid until the air temperature is far belowfreezing,generally 30 degrees below zero Celsius or lower.The droplets of fogs are nearly spherical.The transparency of fog depends mainly on the concentration of droplets.The more droplets,the denser the fog is.Since water is 800 times denser than air,investigators were puzzled for a long time as to why the water particles in fog didn't simply fall to the ground,making the fog disappear.It turns out the droplets do fall at a predictable rate,but in fog_creatingconditions,they are either supported by rising air currents or continually replaced by new droplets condensing from the water vapor in the air.Questions 15 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.15.What is the main topic of the passage?16.How are fog and clouds related according to the speaker?17.Which of the following statements is true?来源：考试大Passage ThreeIt was Anna's first experience of flying.She had always been afraid of heights and so was prepared to befrightened.Only the fact that she was going to meet her son who she had not seen for three years had given her the courage to make the flight.She sat in her seat,her hands gripping the arms,her seat belt already fastened.The airhostess was talking,telling everyone what to do in case of emergency showing them where their life_jackets were.The plane was crowded,every seat was full.From her windowseat,getting out in a hurry would be impossible,thought Anna.In any case who would want to get out of a plane inmid_air?The engines began to shake___the noise increased till it was like a great rushing wind.She looked out to see the runaway slip past at astonishing speed.She wanted to cryout___to stop the plane before it left the ground,but she knew she was trapped in this great roaring machine,"I mustn't scream,"she told herself,and put her hands over hereyes.There was a strange feeling as if she were going up in alift.The noise died down.Carefully she opened hereyes.Through the window she saw a great carpet of cloud above,so beautiful that she stared in wonder,hardly turning away from the window till they toucheddown."Well,Mother,"said John,"how did you enjoy your first flight?"Questions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18.Whom was Anna going to meet?19.What did Anna do when the engines began to shake?20.What did Anna see when she opened her eyes?。

2019年12月英语四级全真预测试卷听力（6）2019年12月英语四级全真预测试卷听力(6)Section ADirections：In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A ], [B], [ C ] and [ D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

11.[A] The class thought the demonstration was too complex.[B] Too many students showed up.[C] The professor didn’t show up.[D] The professor cancelled it.12.[A] Because nine is an odd number.[B] Because the elevator got stuck.[C] Because the elevator is too old.[D] Because there are too many people in the elevator.13. [A] The rain has stopped.[B] She wants to soak her clothes.[C] She is looking for her clothes.[D] It’s raining heavily.14. [A] She goes home for lunch.[B] She spends her time shopping.[C] She gets interested in what she is reading.[D] She doesn’t wake up in time.15. [A] T o buy some potatoes.[B] To pass him some potatoes.[C] To have some potatoes.[D] To help him cook some potatoes.16. [A] It involved a few lunches.[B] There wcrc free lunches.[C] There were three lunches.[D] There were more than free lunches.17. [A] He decided to continue his project.[B] He was unable to get sufficient money.[C] Lack of land prevented his success.[D] He was successful with his project.18. [A] Painting the room white.[B] Buying white furniture.[C] Waiting the man to decide.[D] Asking Mr. White for advice.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. [A] In the student recreation center.[B] In the campus dining hall.[C] In the university bookstore.[D] In a classroom.20. [A] Studying.[B] Preparing snacks.[C] Playing cards.[D] Learning how to play bridge.21. [A] Miss her card game.[B] Stay up too late.[C] Take too heavy a work load next semester.[D] Neglect her studies to play bridge.22. [A] He already knows how to play.[B] He doesn’t like to play games.[C] He doesn’t have a partner.[D] He doesn’t have enough free time.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. [A] The effect of the atmosphere on rainfall.[B] How conditions on earth support life.[C] How water originated on earth.[D] A new estimate of the age of earth.24. [A] The surface of the ocean is expanding.[B] Volcanic activity is increasing.[C] The surface of earth contains tons of cosmic dust.[D] Thousands of comets are colliding with earth’s atmosphere.25. [A] They are found under the oceans.[B] They were most active when earth was first formed.[C] Their emissions created earth’s atmosphere.[D] Their fumes are mostly water in the state of a gas.Section BDirections： In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both thepassage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked I A 1, E B ~, E C ~ and I D ~. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line throughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

中考英语听力模拟测试四Ⅰ.听句子，选出你所听到的单词或词组，用A、B、C或D表示，填入题前括号内（5分）( ) 1. A. seed B. speed C. big D. see( ) 2. A. winner B. winners C. window D. winning( ) 3. A. four B. fell C. fall D. wall( ) 4. A. ball B. poor C. pour D. pool( ) 5. A. chairs B. cheat C. cheers D. cheeseⅡ.根据你所听到的句子，选出最恰当的应答句，用A、B、C或D表示，填入题前括号内（5分）( ) 6. A. A piece of paper. B. Yes, it's interesting. C. A pen. D. A children's storybook. ( ) 7. A. No, we can't. B. He's watching TV now. C. Yes, he is. D. Me, too.( ) 8. A. Neither do I. B. So do I. C. De I think. D. So am I.( ) 9. A. No, she can't. B. Yes, he can. C. Yes, he is. D. No, he can't.( ) 10. A. Neither do I. B. So do I. C. Yes, I do. D. So am I.Ⅲ. 根据你所听到的对话和问题，选择正确的答案，用A、B、C或D表示，填入题前括号内（5分）( ) 11. A. Short stories. B. Children's stories. C. Science fiction. D. Detective stories. ( ) 12. A. On the 8th floor. B. On the 10th floor. C. On the 6th floor. D. On the 2nd floor. ( ) 13. A. This week. B. Next weekend. C. Next week. D. This weekend. ( ) 14. A. About eight minutes' walk. B. About ten minutes' walk.C. About six minutes' walk.D. About two minutes' walk.( ) 15. A. Bus No.20. B. Bus No.80. C. Bus No. 18. D. Bus No.8.Ⅳ.判断下列句子是否符合你所听到的短文内容，符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示，填入题前括号内（5分）( ) 16. Jack had to leave the college.( ) 17. Jack's father tried to ask the teacher to let Jack stay in the college.( ) 18. Jack didn't know when Napoleon died but his father did.( ) 19. Jack's father said they knew about Napoleon.( ) 20. From the story, we know Jack's teacher wasn't friendly to people.Ⅴ.听短文，填入所缺单词，每个空格填一词（5分）Tom and his wife decided to paint the outside of their house. To 21 money, they wanted to do it 22 . On Saturday afternoon Tom went to a football match 23 his wife was painting the front of the house. The next day, they found they couldn't open any of the front 24 . They got them open at last, but they broke three of them and they were veryexpensive to 25 .Ⅵ.听短文，回答问题（5分）26. Is it Aunt Li's birthday this Sunday?27. Will Aunt Li be fifty years old?28. Are you going to give her any flowers?29. When are you leaving?30. What is your father going to give her?【听力原文及参考答案】1. Speed up! (B)2. They are the winners of the English reading contest. (B)3. The balls fall from the sky. (C)4. The student is from a poor family. (B)5. Let's give them three cheers. (C)6. Do you think the story is very interesting? (B)7. He likes watching TV very much. (D)8. The students don't know the fact. (A)9. Is he a good student? (C)10. They like swimming in summer. (B)11. W: I prefer short stories to science fiction.M: So do I.Q: What does the woman prefer to read? (A)12. W: I live on the 8th floor of that highrise.M: What a coincidence! I live two floors higher than you.Q: Which floor does the man live? (B)13. M: Can I come to visit you this weekend?W: I prefer next week to this weekend.Q: When will the man visit the woman? (C)14. M: How long does it take you to go to school?W: About ten minutes' walk.Q: How far is the school from here? (B)15. W: How can I get to the railway station?M: You can take a No. 8 bus.Q: Which bus can the woman take to get to the railway station? (D)Ⅳ. Jack had gone to college to study history, but at the end of the year he was told to leave the college. However, his father decided that he would go to see the professor to ask him to let Jack go on with his studies the next year.“He's a good boy,” said Jack's father. “And if you let him pass this time, I'm sure he'll do a lot better next year and pass the exam at the end of it.”“No, no, that's quite impossible,” replied the professor immediately. “Do you know last month I asked him when Napoleon died and he didn't know?”“Please, sir, give him another chance,” said Jack's father. “You see, we don't have any newspapersin our house, so none of us even knew that Napoleon was ill. ”16.T 17.T 18.F 19.F 20.FⅤ. 21. save 22. themselves 23. while 24. windows 25. repairⅥ. This Sunday is Aunt Li’s birthday. She will be forty years old. Father and mother are going to take me to her house. We are going to take a train there. We are leaving on Saturday. And we are coming back on Sunday evening.I’m going to give her a card. I’m making it now. I’m writing some words on it. I’m drawing Aunt Li and a cat on it, too. Father is going to give her a nice watch. Mother is going to buy some flowers for her.26. Yes, it is. 27. No, she won’t. 28. No, I am not. 29. On Saturday. 30. He is going to give her a nice watch.。

绝密★启用前 2019年高考最新信息卷英 语（四）注意事项：1、答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2、回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3、考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置上。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. What impressed the man about the new theater? A. The ticket price.B. The seats.C. The sound.2. What are the speakers going to do tonight? A. Listen to a lecture.B. Go out for pizza.C. Work in the garden.3. Why has the man been staying at home? A. He works at home.B. He is out of work.C. He’s been sick.4. How many students had planned to take the exam? A. 50.B. 25.C. 15.5. What does the man think of the cheese? A. It is delicious.B. It smells better than it tastes.C. It has gone bad.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。