二○一三届毕业设计外文翻译
学院：工程机械学院
专业：机械设计制造及其自动化姓名：赵国超
学号：2504090516
指导教师：陈新轩
完成时间：2013 年 3 月 27 日
Type of Cranes
起重机的类型
Cranes can be classified into four kinds, namely, (a) overhead traveling crane; (b) jib crane; (c) bridge or gantry crane; and (d) cantilever crane.
起重机可分为四类：高架移动起重机、动臂起重机、桥式或门式起重机、悬臂吊车。
Overhead traveling crane. Consists of a girder and a trolley. The girder is supported at each end on trucks capable of traveling on elevated fixed tracks. The trolley is equipped with hoisting and other mechanism, capable of traversing from end to end of such girder. The girder and associated end carriages are known as the bridge.
高架移动起重机由横梁和空中吊运装置组成。横梁靠固定道轨支承，并且可以在轨上来回移动。空中吊运装置由提升装置和其他装置组成，可以从横梁的一端运动到另一端。横梁和与之相连的框架统称为桥。
Such cranes vary in lifting capacity from about 2 tons to 400 tons, and in span from 20 ft to 150 ft,or more. Depending on the purpose for which it is to be used, the crane can be operated either from a cabin fixed to the bridge or the trolley, or from the ground. When two trolleys are furnished, these may run on a common tracks arranged side-by-side or one above the other so that each trolley can traverse the entire span.
这些的起重机囊括了起重量从2吨到400吨，跨度从20英尺到150英尺的各种类型。根据目的不同,在机舱工作的起重机常在桥或空中吊运装置进行控制,其他情况控制装置常在地面。当两个空中吊运装置安装完毕，他们就能在同一道轨上并行或上下交错的并行，以确保每个空中吊运装置都能在整个横梁上移动。
Jib crane
动臂起重机
Consists of an inclined member, or jib, capable of suspending a load at its outer end. The jib is supported by a rope or other member attached to a vertical mast of frame. The out reach of the jib can be constant or variable, and the crane as a whole may be either fixed or movable.
动臂起重机有能在它的外侧提升重物的倾斜动臂。动臂通过绳索或其他方式连接到垂直的框架上。动臂可以是定长或者可伸缩的。起重机可以是固定式或移动式。
Included in this kind are: mobile and caterpillar cranes, builders tower cranes, wharf cranes, and movable cranes mounted on high pedestals, gantries, pontoons and barges.
这一类的起重机包括：移动和履带起重机,建筑商,码头起重机、塔式起重机和可移动的安装在高台子,井架,浮筒和驳船上的起重机。
Lifting capacities vary from 1/2 ton to 300 tons or more, and outreaches from a few feet to 150 ft. Cranes required for handling heavy machinery and equipment in shipyards and at ports are frequently mounted on pontoons.
起重能力不同从1/2吨到300吨不等,动臂可伸展范围从几英尺到150英尺。
需要在船厂、港口处理重型机械和设备的起重机经常安装在驳船。
Bridge or gantry crane.
桥式起重机
Bridge or gantry crane. Consists of a bridge girder, connected at near both ends
to upright members, which may be fixed or arranged to travel on a fixed track, and the load is suspended from a trolley or crane, capable or traversing from end to end of the bridge.
桥式起重机的横梁通过道轨连接在垂直支架，可以在固定的道轨上移动。重物被空中吊运装置提升，并且能从桥的一端移动到另一端。
Cranes of this kind have lifting capacities varying from end to end of the bridge. When used in general and bulk-storage yards, the tracks may be of broad or narrow gauge. The tipping moment of the loaded crane is kept within proper limits by a counterweight which is moved along an independent track on the bridge above the trolley.
这类起重机能提升桥覆盖范围的所有重物。当需要提升大吨位的货物时，轨道通常选用宽或窄的铁轨。在桥上安装有一平衡物，它可以在吊运装置上方的轨道上，独立运动。它用来平衡起重机的力矩。
Cantilever crane.
悬臂起重机
Cantilever crane. Consists of horizontal and vertical members the former, known as the cantilever, being fixed to or totating in a horizontal plane about the axis of the vertical member. On the cantilever is formed a track which supports a movable trolley from which the load is suspended.
悬臂起重机由水平的横梁和垂直的支架组成。水平的横梁称为悬臂。悬臂可以是固定的，也可以是能够以支架作为轴线在水平面内转动的。提升装置通过滑轨与悬臂相连。
The mechanism for hoisting and traversing is usually mounted
on a rear extension of the cantilever. Although such cranes may be fixed or movable, those of large capacity are usually fixed. Lifting capacities, height of lift and outreach vary between wide limits. When used for the fitting out of ships, light loads are handled by an auxiliary hoist which may be mounted on a jib crane arranged to travel on track. The main lifting mechanism usually consists of two winches which can be operated independently or in concert. A typical fitting-out crane may be of 250 tons capacity with a total outreach of 180 ft and a lifting height of 200 ft.
提升和滑移的机构常安装在悬臂的后方。虽然这类的起重机可以是固定的，也可以是可移动的，但那些大型的都是固定的。提升重物大小，重量以及可延伸范围受到宽度的限制。当用于船舶起吊时，轻型的起重机常在动臂起重机滑轨上安装有辅助提升装置。主要的提升机构包括两个即可独立运动也可同步运动的绞盘。典型的舾装起重机是250吨，悬臂延展量180英尺，垂直提升高度200英尺。
Wharf Cranes
码头吊车
A wharf crane is any crane located on a wharf or pier, and particularly adapted to the transfer of cargo between the wharf or pier and the hold of
