电子商务专业英语8

Introduction to E-business电子商务概论It is widely acknowledged today that new technologies,in particular access to the internet,Tend to modify communication between the different players in the professional world,notably:它被广泛承认，今天的新技术，特别是访问互联网，在专业世界中，倾向于修改不同的参与者之间的沟通，特别是Relationships between the enterprise and its clients,企业与客户之间的关系，The internal functioning of the enterprise,including enterprise-employee relationships,企业内部运作，包括企业员工关系，The relationship of the enterprise with its different partners and suppliers.企业与其不同的合作伙伴和供应商的关系。

E-business,therefore,is a term used to describe businesses run on the internet,or utilizing internet technologies to improve the productivity or profitability of a business.In a more general sense,the term may be used to describe any form of electronic business,that is to say,any business which utilizes a computer.This usage is somewhat archaic,however,and in most contests e-business refers exclusively to internet businesses.因此，电子商务是一个术语，用来描述在互联网上运行的企业，或利用互联网技术，以提高企业的生产力或盈利能力。

IP 因特网协议Internet ProtocolTCP 传输控制协议Transmission Control ProtocolOSI 开放式系统互联参考模型Open System InterconnectionISP 互联网服务提供商Internet Service ProviderHTML 超文本标识语言Hypertext Markup LanguageSEO 搜索引擎优化Search Engine OptimizationPR 公共关系Public RelationIT 信息技术Information TechnologyCRM 客户关系管理Customer Relationship ManagementIMA 因特网商家账号Internet Merchant AccountPSPs 支付服务提供商Payment Service ProvidersQoS 服务质量Quality of ServiceSCM 供应链管理Supply Chain ManagementQC 质量控制Quality ControlPLC 产品生命周期Production Life CyclePC 个人计算机Personal ComputerBasics填词1. Internet is a loose network of computers localed all over the world。

2. The most widely used part of Internet is the World Wide Web。

Its outstandingfeature is hypertext。

3. Common computer networking devices are Router、Bridge、Network、Switch、Ethernet hub and Repeater.4. The three major forms of e-commerce and B2B、B2C、C2C。

电子商务设计师-专业英语(总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：8，分数：40.00)Originally introduced by Netscape Communications,(1)are a general mechanism which HTTP Server side applications, such as CGI(2),can use to both store and retrieve information on the HTTP(2)side of the connection. Basically,Cookies can be used to compensate for the(4) nature of HTTP.The addition of a simple,persistent, client-side state significantly extends the capabilities of WWW-based(5).（分数：5.00）A.BrowsersB.Cookies√C.ConnectionsD.Scripts解析：A.graphicsB.processesC.scripts√D.texts解析：A.Client√B.EditorC.CreatorD.Server解析：A.fixedB.flexibleC.stableD.stateless√解析：A.programsB.applications√C.frameworksD.constrains解析：本题涉及的是Cookies相关知识，参考译文如下。

网景公司最初推出的Cookies是HTTP服务器侧的应用，如CGI脚本，用来保存和检索连接上它的HTTP客户端信息的一种通用机制。

基本上，Cookies可以被用来弥补HTTP协议的无状态特性。

这个简单的、持续的、客户端的状态极大地扩展了基于WWW的应用的能力。

自考英语三大部分一．单词Advertise 做广告v.Adopt 收养，采用 v.Assumption 假定，假设 n.Achievement 成就 n.Automatic 自动的 adj.Arrangement 安排 n.Anticipate 期望，预料 v.Accordingly 因此 adv.Attribute 归因于 v.Arrange 整理，安排v.Abandon 放弃，遗弃 v.Automation 自动化，自动 n.Available 可用的，可获得的 adj.Adapt 改变，使适应v.Associate 伙同的，副的；同事 adj.& n Available 可用的，可获得的adj.Alliance 结盟，联盟 n.Attempt 尝试，试图，努力 v.& n. Absolutely 绝对的，完全的，无条件地 adv. Barrier 障碍 n.Backorder 延期交货n.Burgeon 发芽，开始生长v.Basically 基本上，根本上adv.Barely 机会没有；光秃秃的adv.Commerce 贸易，商业 n.Convenience 方便，便利 n. Correspondence 通信，信件 n.Capture 虏获，得到 v.Conversion 转变，变换 n.Critical 批评的，危机的；决定性的adj. Concise 简明的 adj.Contract 合同；契约 n.Corporate 共同的；法人团体的 adj. Consume 消耗，花费 v.Community 社会；团体 n.Cumbersome 笨重的a.Complexity 复杂 n.Conscious 清醒的，察觉的adj.Conflict 不合，分歧 n.Confidence 信心n.Confirm 证实，确定v.Crucial 极其重要的 adj. Consistent 持续的 adj.Classic 第一流的，经典的 adj. Coordinate 协调；调节 v.Customize 按顾客要求制作v. Concentrate 集中；全神贯注v.Claim 声称；认领 v.& n.Clutter 使散乱；零乱v.& n.Classify 分类，归类 v.Category 部门；种类；范畴n.Casual 偶然的，随便的 adj. Currency 流行；货币n.Counsel 建议；顾问律师 n.Cement 水泥n.结合；巩固v. Consistently 一致；一贯；相符adv. Corporation 法人团体n.Commence 开始，着手v.Comment 意见，解释；评论 n.&v. Confusion 困惑，混乱（状态）n. Consultant 顾问 n.Campaign 战役；运动 n.Competency 能力，技能；权限 n. Classical 古典的；经典地，传统的 adj.Document 文件，文献n.Dispute 争论，辩论 v.&n.Deflate 紧缩v.Distinct 清楚的，明显的 adj. Distinguish 区分v.Distribute 分配；分发；分布v. Domestically 本国的，国内的adv.Detailed 详细的adj.Downside 下调，下滑 n.Deduct 扣除；减除v.Disadvantage 不利条件 n.Domain 领土；领域，范围 n.Distract 使…分心，分散…的注意力v. Definite 清楚的，明确的；肯定的 adj.Emergence 出现，暴露n.Enhance 增强，提高 v.Estimate 估计 n.&v.Equivalent 同等的 adj.Expand 扩展，扩大v.Expectant 期望的，预期的 adj.Extensive 广阔的；广泛的adj.Equip 装备；供给所需的东西 v.Extension 延伸，伸展 n.Experienced 有经验的 adj.Executive 行政官；行政人员n.Extreme 极端的；偏激的 adj.Eliminate 除去，淘汰v.Exponential 指数的，指数方程的 adj.Essential 必须的；基本的adj.要素n. Evaporate 蒸发；消失v.Embrace 拥抱；包含v.Endeavor 努力，尽力 v.& n.Essence 本质，精髓，精华 n.Enormously 巨大地，极大地，极其adv.Enlighten 启发，启迪，教导 v.Feasible 可行的，可做的 n.Fund 基金；经费n.Fundamentally 基本地，根本地adv.Fundamental 基本的，基础的；主要的adj. Frustrate 妨碍；扰乱，使沮丧v.Favorite 最受喜欢的；宠儿 adj.& n.File 卷宗n.归档v.Facilitate 使容易；使便利 v.Foster 照顾；养育；培养v.Feasible 可行的，可做的n.Generate 产生，发生v.Guarantee 保证v.&n.Headquarters 总部，司令部 n.Horizon 地平线 n.Highlight 最精彩的部分n.强调v.Interview 采访；访问，对…进行面试 n.& v. Impossibility 不可能，无希望 n.Incumbent 有责任的；现任的；在职者 adj.& n. Inconvenient 不方便的 adj.Ineffective 无效果的 adj.Influence 影响，权力 n.Inhibit 阻止，禁止 v.Index 索引 v.& n.Initialization 预置，初始化n. Intervention 插入；干涉 n.Invoice 发票；发货单 n.Insight 洞察力n.Inevitable 不可避免的 adj. Imperative 命令的；权威a.& n. Implicit 含蓄的 a.Individual 单独的，个人的 a. Investment 投资n.Infrastructure 基础结构n.Incorporate 包含，合并v.Involve 包含；牵涉v.Intrude 闯入，侵扰v.Insurance 保险；保险费n.Identify 确定，鉴别v.Ingredient 原料；要素；成分nKeyword 关键词 n.Lucrative 可获利的，赚钱的adj. Location 地方，位置n.Legislation 立法；法规 n.Leverage 杠杆作用 n.Mortgage 抵押v.&n.Merchandise 商品，货品 n.Massive 巨大的；可观的，大量的adj. Mistakenly 弄错，误解 adv.Motivate 作为…的动机；激励v. Mavericks 持异议者，自行其是者 n。

《电子商务英语词汇表》Chapter 1：Overview of Electronic Commerce The open case：Dell—Using E-Commerce for Success【教学内容】1、掌握“Dell—Using E-Commerce for Success”中的专业及非专业词汇及用法：（1）Dell——戴尔公司（2）PC（personal computer）——个人电脑（3）mail order——邮件订单（通过邮件产生订单）（4）configure——配置（5）customized——定制的（6）build-to-order——按单生产（7）cornerstone——奠基石（8）business model——商业模型（9）snail mail——蜗牛邮寄（10）Web——网页（11）online-order-taking——在线订购（12）network switches——网络交换设备（13）auction——拍卖（14）refurbished——翻新的（refurbished computers, 翻新机）（15）Business-to-business ——B2B（16）Premier Dell Service——“首要客户服务”（大客户、重要客户服务）（17）direct marketing online——网上直销（18）notebook——笔记本电脑（19）desktop——桌面电脑（20）e-procurement——电子采购（21）purchasing agents——采购代理、采购部门（22）preconfigured——预先配置的（23）order fulfilled——订单履行（24）e-working——电子办公网（25）portal——门户，这里作“接口”（26）tender——投标（27）exchange——交易（系统）（28）shipper——运输商（29）logistics——后勤学，这里作“物流”,logisticscompanies,物流公司（30）inventories——库存（31）application ——应用软件（32）consulting services——咨询服务（33）communication system——通信系统（34）e-collaboration——电子合作（35）web service——web服务（36）ERP(Enterprise resource planning)——企业资源整合（37）E-customer service——电子客户服务（38）CRM(Customer relationship management）——客户关系管理（39）demand-planning——需求计划（40）factory-execution——生产执行（41）order-to-delivery——按单配送（42）high-performance——高性能，这里做“高绩效”（43）factory-scheduling——生产计划、生产进度（44）profit——利润（45）initial public offering (IPO)——证券（46）charity——慈善（47）National Cristina Foundation——国家救济基金会（48）students at risk——贫困学生（49）economically disadvantaged persons——经济困难的人群（50）recycling program——回收计划（51）urban——城市（52）reassemble——重新组装（53）educational institutions——教育机构（54）stage——上演（55）consumer electronics——消费电子化1.1 Electronic Commerce: Definition and Concept【教学内容】1、掌握“Electronic Commerce: Definition and Concept”中的专业及非专业词汇及用法：（1）electronic commerce——电子商务（2）e-commerce——电子商务（3）guru——大师（领袖、权威）（4）commerce——商务（5）e-business——电子业务（电子商务）（6）business partners——商业伙伴（7）collaborate——合作（8）conducting——执行、实施（9）transactions——交易（10）artificial intelligence——人工智能（11）data processing——数据处理（12）decision making——决策支持（13）decision making system ——决策支持系统（14）policymaking——政策制定（15）profound——深刻的（16）industry structure——产业结构、行业结构（17）consumer segmentation——客户分割（18）commercial——商业（19）trade——贸易（20）delivery——交付（21）transact——交易（22）e-business——电子业务（23）dimension——维度（24）brick-and-mortar——砖加水泥（25）pure-play——专营的（电子商务）（26）click-and-mortar——鼠标加水泥（27）value-added-networks——增值网（28）inter-organizational——跨组织的（29）intra-organizational——组织内部的（30）routine——惯例1.2 The EC Framework, Classification, and Content【教学内容】1、掌握“The EC Framework, Classification, and Content”中的专业及非专业词汇及用法：（1）field——领域（2）diverse—不同的（3）framework——框架（4）exhibit——展品（5）infrastructure——基础设施（6）mandate——授权、托管（7）geographic——地理的（8）exclusively——专有的（9）majority—— 多数（10）category——类别（11）counterpart——配对物（12）joint ventures——合资（13）operational——运作（14）direct marketing——直销（15）online banking——网上银行（16）e-purchasing——电子采购（17）promotion——优惠（18）affiliate——会员、联盟（19）consortia——银行团（20）EDI(Electronic data interchange)——电子数据交换（21）Cable TV——有线电视（22）B2B(Business to Business)——企业-企业（23）B2C(Business to Customer)——企业-消费者（24）B2B2C(Business to Business to Customer)——企业-企业-消费者（25）C2B(Customer to Business)——消费者-企业（26）C2C(Customer to Customer)——消费者-消费者（27）Peer-to-Peer applications——端到端应用（28）Mobile commerce(m-commerce)——移动商务（29）Intrabusiness EC——企业内部电子商务（30）B2E(Business-to-employees)——企业-员工（31）Collaborative commerce——合作商务（32）Non-business EC——非商业电子商务（33）E-learning——电子学习（网上学习）（34）E2E(Exchange-exchange)——交易所对交易所（35）E-government——电子政务（36）search engine——搜索引擎（37）VAN (value added network) ——增值网（38）WAN (wide area network)——广域网（39）LAN (local area network)——局域网（40）HTTP (Hyper Text Transport Protocol) ——超文本传输协议（41）HTML（Hyper Text Markup Language）——超文本标记语言（42）XML (eXtensible Markup Language)——可扩展标记语言（43）telecom——telecomminication，电讯，远程通讯（44）delivery——传送、递送、交付1.3 The Digital Revolution Drives E-Commerce【教学内容】1、掌握“The Digital Revolution Drives E-Commerce”中的专业及非专业词汇及用法：（1）digital economy——数字经济（2）digital communication network——数字通信网（3）extranet—外联网（4）Internet economy——互联网经济（5）New economy——新经济（6）Web economy——万维网（网站）经济（7）digitizable products——数字化产品（8）database——数据库（9）digital currencies——数字货币（10）financial tokens—— 金融代币（11）microprocessor——微处理器（12）home appliance——家用电器（13）automobile——汽车（14）convergence——集中、收敛（15）computing——计算（16）communication——通信（17）stimulate——刺激（18）low inflation——低通货膨胀率（19）innovation——变革1.4 The Business Environment Drives E-Commerce【教学内容】1、掌握“The Business Environment Drives E-Commerce”中的专业及非专业词汇及用法：（1）business environment——商业环境（2）CEO——Chief Executive Officer（3）Qantas Airway——澳航（4）turbulent—动荡的、吵闹的（5）expedite——加速（6）the environment-response-support model——环境响应支持模型（7）unprofitable facilities——不盈利机构、部门（8）critical response activities——关键响应行为（9）necessity——必要性、需要（10）workforce——劳动力（11）obsolescence——（技术）过时、退化（12）information overload—— 信息过剩（13）deregulation——解除（放松）管制（14）subsidy——补助、津贴（15）ethics——伦理道德1.5 EC Business Models【教学内容】1、掌握“EC Business Models”中的专业及非专业词汇及用法：（1）business model——商业模型（2）revenue——收入、收益（3）revenue——收益模型（4）outline——概括Chapter 3：Retailing in Electronic Commerce: Products andServices3.1 Internet Marketing and Electronic Retailing【教学内容】1、掌握“Internet Marketing and Electronic Retailing”中的专业及非专业词汇及用法：（1）retailer——零售商（2）retailing——零售（业）（3）electronic retailing——电子零售（业）（4）e-retailing——电子零售（业）（5）e-tailer——电子零售商（6）operate——运作、运行（7）manufacture——制造商、制造企业（8）physical——物理的、现实的（9）electronic retail ——电子零售（10）intermediary——中间环节（11）factory outlets——工厂店（12）wholesale——批发（13）distribution——分销（14）ubiquity—无处不在的，普遍存在的（15）catalog sales——邮购销售方式（16）vacation service——度假服务（17）portal——门户网站（18）consolidate——合并、统一（19）revenue——收入（20）value proposition——价值观（21）fare——费用（22）travel accessories—— 旅游用品（23）stand-by tickets——返航机票（24）otherwise-empty seat——剩余的空座位（25）steep——急剧的（26）eurailpass——欧洲铁路旅行优惠票3.2 E-Tailing Business Models【教学内容】1、掌握“E-Tailing Business Models”中的专业及非专业词汇及用法：（1）manufacturer——生产商（2）transaction——交易（3）enterprise——企业（4）HRM——human resource management,人力资源管理（5）IT——Information Technologe信息技术（6）SCM——Supply Chain Management（7）ERP——Enterprise Resource Planning，企业资源规划（8）CRM——Customer Relationship Management客户关系管理（9）mail order——邮购（10）direct marketing ——直销（11）pure-play e-taile r—— 纯电子商务的电子零售（12）click and mortar——鼠标加水泥（13）internet(online) mall ——互联网商城，在线商城（14）distribution channel —— 分布渠道3.3 Travel and Tourism Services Online【教学内容】1、掌握“Travel and Tourism Services Online”中的专业及非专业词汇及用法：（1）travel online——在线旅行、在线旅游（2）online travel service——在线旅行服务（3）conventional travel agency——传统的旅行中介，旅行社（4）car rental agency——汽车租赁代理（5）revenue ——收入（6）consultancy fee——咨询费（7）vacation service——度假服务（8）reserve ticket——订票（9）accommodation——住宿（10）entertainment——娱乐（11）travel magazine——旅行杂志（12）fare comparison ——费用比较（13）city guide——城市指南、向导（14）currency conversion calculator——现金转换计算器（15）driving map——驾驶地图（16）travel accessory ——旅行装备设施（17）travel bargain——旅行折扣（18）discount——折扣（19）cheap ticket——廉价机票（20）chat room——聊天室（21）stopover——中途停留（22）corporate travel——社团旅游（23）intelligent Agent——智能代理软件Chapter 4: Consumer Behavior, Market Research, andAdvertisement4.1 Learning about Consumer Behavior Online【教学内容】1、掌握“Learned Learning about Consumer Behavior Online”中的专业及非专业词汇及用法：（1）royalty—— 皇权，至上（2）critical——关键的，重要的（3）lure——吸引（4）factor——因素（5）independent variables——自变量（6）intervening (or moderate) variables——介入（缓解）变量（7）intervene——介入、干涉（8）moderate——中等的, 适度的, 适中的；减轻、缓和（9）dependent variables——因变量（10）decision-making——决策的，决策（11）resell——再卖, 转售（12）demographic——人口统计学的（13）ethnicity——种族划分（14）occupation——职业（15）household income——家庭收入（16）correlate——使相互关联（17）unfavorable——不宜的, 不顺利的, 相反的, 令人不快的（18）psychological——心理上的（19）stimuli——鼓励, 刺激物（20）marketer——销售商4.2 The Consumer Decision-Making Process【教学内容】1、掌握“The Consumer Decision-Making Process”中的专业及非专业词汇及用法：（1）decision-making——决策、决策的（2）clarify——澄清、阐明（3）marketer——销售商（4）lead up to——先导、准备（5）culminate——告终, 完结（6）purchasing-decision——购物决定（7）revert——回返（8）broker——经纪人（9）Decision Support System——决策支持系统（10）facility——工具（11）customer loyalty——客户忠诚。

一、名词解释1.Co.：公司corparation2.CIF:CIF = cost + insurance + freight成本价+保险价+运费=到岸价格Cost Insurance and Freight 卖方的基本义务是，负责按通常条件租船定舱，支付到目的港的运费3.FOB (Free on Board) 船上交货，是当货物在指定的装运港越过船舷，卖方即完成交货4.CFR (Cost and Freight)成本加运费(指定目的港)5.FCA (Free Carrier)货交承运人(……指定地点)6.CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid to)运费和保险费付至（……指定目的地）7.CPT (Carriage Paid to)运费付至(……指定目的地)8.L/C L/C信用证付款方式 L/C信用证付款方式属于银行信用信用证是开证行应开证申请人的请求，向所有人开出的、有条件的付款承诺的书面文件。

9.M/T信汇Mail Transfer公顿metric ton10.S/C.sales confirmation销售认证书11.All risks一切险，war risks战争险12.D/P是付款交单，发货后准备好我们的议付单据，通过我方银行交单至客户方银行，客户银行提示客户单据已到，客户付款后银行交单。

13.I/E Import and Export 进出口14.D/A D/A则是承兑交单我方银行交单给客户银行，客人只需承兑我方单据，就可以拿走正本单据，到期后再付款。

15.D/P·T/R即“付款交单凭信托收据借单”由进口人承兑汇票后出具信托收据向代收银行借取货运单据先行提货。

16.T/T电汇－－－Telegraphic Transfer T/T电汇是汇出行应汇款人的申请，拍发加押电报或电传汇入行，指示其解付一定金额给收款人的一种汇款结算方式。

17.平安险 free from particular average (F.P.A.)18.水渍险 with particular average (W.P.A.)二选择题选择：1.Our package for canned food is not only seaworthy but also strong enough to protect the goods ＿possible damage. CA. onB. withC. fromD. to2.100 packets by 500 grams per wooden case or carton, each packet lined with white paper and outside wrapped up in transparent paper, 2% more or less ＿weight for each case allowed. AA. inB. atC. onD. with3.We will allow you half of the invoiced amount for packing if you return the ＿crates. CA. hollowB. vacuumC. emptyD. vacant4.You know that the ＿of the package contributes greatly to the sale of consumer goods. AA. appearanceB. protectionC. preferenceD. preservation5. Each piece is to be ＿, rolled on cardboard, wrapped in kraft paper and then packed in wooden cases. CA. double foldB. double foldingC. double foldedD. double foldness6. The Eggs are packed in cartons with beehive lined with shockproof corrugated paperboard, each carton contains 300 eggs, ＿not over 19.8 kilos. CA. weightB. weighC. weighingD. weighed7.Taking into consideration the transport conditions at your end, we have specially reinforced our packing so as to ＿the extent of any possible damages ＿the goods. DA. minimum, toB. minimize, withC. minimum, withD. minimize, toExercise1.Before shipment, the buyers generally send their ＿to the sellers, informing them of the packing and mark, mode of transportation, etc. BA. Shipping documentsB. Shipping requirementsC. Shipping adviceD. Shipping marks2. We believe the goods will reach you ＿. AA. in perfect conditionB. in perfect conditionsC. with good conditionD. under good conditions3.It is important that the goods ＿for delivery as stipulated in the contract. AA. be completedB. are completedC. will be completedD. have been completing4.We suggest you change your packing into small cases, so as to facilitate ＿C.A. us in our salesB. us selling themC. our salesD. our pushing sale them5. We are enclosing a full set of copy documents ＿this shipment. DA. regarding forB. refer toC. as forD. Covering6. Please make your best efforts to get the goods dispatched next week ＿. BA. without failB. with least possible delayC. With no failD. without the least possible delay Choose the best answer:1.Please amend L/C No.987 to ＿“This L/C will expire on 28 February, 2008 in China.” AA. readB. readingC. expressD. expressing2.Your L/C No5432 calls ＿shipment to be made in October while S/C stipulates that the shipment is to be made in November. BA. onB. forC. aboutD. to3. It has been found in your L/C that the amount is US$330 short as ＿the total value of the S/C. CA. toB. forC. againstD. with4.Please amend your L/C No.ED356 ＿transshipment instead of “ Transshipment Not Allowed” as laid down in the L/C. CA. allowingB. allowC. to allowD. allowed5.In you r L/C No245, the word “ABOUT” before the quantity and amount is ＿. BA. missB. missingC. missedD. omit6.For the sake of convenience, we have arranged ＿our bank to open an involving L/C in your favor. AA. withB. forC. toD. at7.Your L/C No.356 is insufficient ＿amount. BA. toB. inC. forD. about8.It is hoped that you will not cut the time too ＿when opening L/C in future. CA. goodB. wellC. fineD. kindChoose the best answer:1. Insurance on the goods shall be effects by us for 110% the CIF value. AA. ofB. overC. aboveD. on2. Buyer’s request for to be covered up to inland city can be accepted on condition that such extra premium is for buyer’s account. CA. lossB. shipmentC. insuranceD. risks3. The package is stenciled ABC London and FPA for 10%over the invoice amount. CA. insureB. coverC. insuredD. coverage4. We know that according to your usual practice, you insure the goods only 10% above invoice value, therefore the extra premium will be for our account. AA. forB. inC. overD. above5. Will you please arrange to all risks insurance on the following consignment of Electric Pumps from our warehouse at the above address to Boston. AA. take outB. take inC. take awayD. take into6. Since we have entered a long-term contract with the People’s Insurance Company of China, which all over imports and exports are to be insured with them, we have to request you to send us another quotation on CFR terms. DA. /, underB. into, underC. into, withD. into, /7. Since the insurance policy taken out by you does not include such a risk, you naturally have no right to claim the insurance company loss caused by it. CA. on, toB. to, againstC. with, againstD. on, for8. Thank you for your instructions to arrange the shipment of Fans. We take it that you wish us to insure the goods against the usual risks, for the of the goods plus freight. CA. costsB. valueC. costD. Values Choose the best answer1. In the light of the actual findings, they will compensate ( ).AA. You for the lossB. you the loseC. for you the lossD. the loss to you2. We trust you will lose no time in ( ) this claim steeled equitably.CA. takingB. lettingC. makingD. putting3. It is imperative that you ( ) care in selecting overseas agents and distributors.BA. ought to takeB. will takeC. must takeD. take4. Interest will be ( ) at 7% per annum and will be calculated semi-annually.CA. paidB. compensatedC. chargedD. counted翻译1.我是在什么地方（地址）的什么公司（机构）什么什么（职位）Translate the following into English:1.我们的包装完全适合于海运。

电子商务英语00888unit1Introduction to E-business电子商务概论It is widely acknowledged today that new technologies,in particular access to the internet,Tend to modify communication between the different players in the professional world,notably:它被广泛承认，今天的新技术，特别是访问互联网，在专业世界中，倾向于修改不同的参与者之间的沟通，特别是Relationships between the enterprise and its clients,企业与客户之间的关系，The internal functioning of the enterprise,including enterprise-employee relationships,企业内部运作，包括企业员工关系，The relationship of the enterprise with its different partners and suppliers.企业与其不同的合作伙伴和供应商的关系。

E-business,therefore,is a term used to describe businesses run on the internet,or utilizing internet technologies to improve the productivity or profitability of a business.In a more general sense,the term may be used to describe any form of electronic business,that is to say,any business which utilizes a computer.This usage is somewhat archaic,however,and in most contests e-business refers exclusively to internet businesses.因此，电子商务是一个术语，用来描述在互联网上运行的企业，或利用互联网技术，以提高企业的生产力或盈利能力。

专业英语八级-阅读理解(十)(总分：20.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Text A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In some ways, China is an unlikely hotbed for e-commerce. Only 38 percent of online buyers pay with credit or debit cards, using instead an army of bicycle messengers delivering cash. There are no reliable credit ratings, or postal services, so some online auction customers still want to meet the seller in person. Yet none of this deters America's e-commerce giants—Yahoo, Amazon and eBay. All are moving rapidly into China and the rest of Asia, driven by a rather startling fact of the digital age: the survivors of the Internet bubble in America are already mature businesses at home.Consider: eBay is posting record profits, and Amazon is in the black for the first time in its eight -year history. Yet U. S. growth rates are starting to slow. This year eBay expects to post more sales outside the United States than within. The e-commerce market in Europe is starting to take off, but Asia has the biggest potential. Researchers at IDC forecast that annual Asian sales outside Japan will rise at 38 percent a year through 2007, topping 61 percent in China. William Cobb, head of eBay's international business, expects China to overtake Germany and the United Kingdom as eBAy's biggest overseas market "sooner rather than later".The population of Internet users in China is now 87 million, and growing fast. That explains the bidding: last spring, Yahoo teamed up with , China's largest Internet portal, to break into the online auction business. In August Amazon.corn paid $72 million for , one of China's top online retailers. And last month, eBay fully plugged EachNet—the online auction site it bought last year for $180 million — into its global network.To maneuver in Asia, American giants are seeking out local partners. Microsoft has had a hard time cracking Chinese e-commerce on its own, and AOL had an ill-fated venture with computer-maker Legend. But now local entrepreneurs have built customer bases strong enough to entice global acquirers.E-Ready in AsiaAs more Asian consumers go online, Asian firms are leading the world in investing to build up their e-commerce capabilities.Share of IT budgets spent on e-commerceMany of them, like Harvard-educated EachNet founder Bo Shao, copied the American e-commerce giants, meticulously setting out to be the eBay or Amazon of China."E-commerce in Asia could develop along European lines," says Forrester Research analyst Hellen Omwando. In Europe, established retailers were hesitant, leaving the market to start-ups, which were bought up by U.S. giants. That forced traditional retailers to respond. One big difference: eBay came to dominate auctions in Europe, and Amazon rules retail. But China has even more niche markets, leaving room for three to five major players. That's encouraging for the contenders, since there are at least that many from the United States alone.（分数：5.00）(1).Which of the following is not true about e-commerce in China according to the passage?（分数：1.00）A.A large number of online buyers do not pay with credit cards.B.Online auction customers do their business without seeing each other. √C.China is not fully prepared for e-commerce.D.Credit ratings are not reliabl解析：答案在第一段，只有38%的网络客户使用信用卡或借记卡支付费用，说明大批网上客户不使用信用卡，故排除选项A；根据“There are no reliable credit ratings, or postal services, so some online auction customers still want to meet the seller in person．”可排除选项D，同时可知选项B与原文不符，故B为正确答案。

全国自考（电子商务英语）-试卷8(总分：160.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、词汇和语法(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.Some people think that animal research is irrelevant ______ our health and that it can often produce misleading results.（分数：2.00）A.withB.atC.onD.to √解析：2.Americans have learned much about the way in which the system can be managed so as to ______ the peaceful transfer of power from one party to the other.（分数：2.00）A.make it possibleB.make possible √C.make possiblyD.make it possibly解析：3.______their differences, they fell passionately in love with each other.（分数：2.00）A.As forB.Owing toC.Despite √D.Through解析：4.John didn' t know how to get to the station, so he stopped______.（分数：2.00）A.to ask √B.askingC.for askingD.to asking解析：5.Many of the human problems associated with living in the ocean are______ the problems of living in outer space.（分数：2.00）A.just asB.such asC.such thatD.the same as √解析：6.No one has been able to prove that fish is______better for the brain than many other kinds of food.（分数：2.00）A.someB.soC.asD.any √解析：7.Tomatoes were once called love apples and were supposed to make those who ate them______ in love.（分数：2.00）A.fellB.feelC.fall √D.felt解析：8.Sam and I______friends until he called me a coward.（分数：2.00）A.were used to beB.would beed to beinged to be √解析：9.Our teacher wasn' t happy about the grades, and ______.（分数：2.00）A.we were neitherB.neither we wereC.either we weren' tD.we weren' t either √解析：10.Which is______ , North America or South America?（分数：2.00）A.bigger √B.the biggestC.bigD.so big解析：11.______in the firm for so many years, he knew the people there very well.（分数：2.00）A.To workB.WorkingC.To have workedD.Having worked √解析：12.Whatever you say, I don' t think he would be______to help you.（分数：2.00）A.as selfish as to refuseB.selfish enough to refuseC.so selfish as to refuse √D.too selfish to refuse解析：13.Without the sun, life as we know______.（分数：2.00）A.would not exist √B.will not existC.would not have existedD.did not exist解析：14.Linda needn' t come if she doesn' t want to,______?（分数：2.00）A.doesn' t sheB.does sheC.needn' t sheD.need she √解析：15.It' s a useful book, and, ______ , not an expensive one.（分数：2.00）A.soB.henceC.thereforeD.what' s more √解析：16.Everyone______from the building when the fire alarm sounded.（分数：2.00）A.approachedB.fled √C.evolvedD.flew解析：17.The President supports a global______on nuclear testing.（分数：2.00）A.ban √B.refusalC.barD.dispute解析：18.Our teacher told us it was______that caused her to begin class half an hour later than usual. （分数：2.00）A.we being lateB.our being late √ being lateD.ours being late解析：19.There will be a full investigation to______what caused the accident.（分数：2.00）A.do outB.work upC.do upD.work out √解析：20.There is often______between becoming infected and the first signs of the illness.（分数：2.00）A.a stopB.an interruptionC.a lag √D.a lack解析：二、完形填空(总题数：1，分数：20.00)During recent years we have heard much about "race" : how this race does certain things and that race believes certain things and so on. Yet, the【C1】______phenomenon of race consists of a few surface indications. We judge race usually from the coloring of the skin: a white race, a brown race, a yellow race and a black race. But【C2】______you were to remove the skin you could not tell anything about the race to which the individual belonged. There is【C3】______physical structure, the brain or the internal organs to indicate a difference. There are four types of blood.【C4】______types are found in every race, and no type is distinct to any race. Human brains are the same. No scientists could examine a brain and tell you the race to which the individual belonged. Brains will【C5】______in size, but this occurs within every race. Nor does size have anything to do with intelligence. The largest brain【C6】______examined belonged to a person of weak mind. On the other hand, some of our most distinguished people have had【C7】______brains. Mental tests which are reasonably accurate show no differences in intelligence between races. High and low test results both can be recorded by different members of any race.【C8】______equal educational advantages, there will be no difference in average standings, either on account of race or geographical location. Individuals of every race cause civilization to go backward or forward. Training and education can change the response of a group of people,【C9】______enable them to behave in a peculiar way. The behavior and ideals of people change according to circumstances, but they can always go back or go on to something new【C10】______is better and higher than anything in the past.（分数：20.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）pleteB.fullC.totalD.whole √解析：(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.sinceB.if √C.asD.while解析：(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.somethingB.everythingC.nothing √D.anything解析：(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.All √B.MostC.NoD.Some解析：(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.remainB.increaseC.decreaseD.vary √解析：(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.everB.thenC.neverD.once √解析：(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.bigB.small √C.minorD.major解析：(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.ProvidedB.ConcerningC.Given √D.Following解析：(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.and √B.butC.thoughD.so解析：(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.that √B.whatC.whicheverD.whatever解析：三、阅读理解(总题数：3，分数：20.00)The status of women in colonial North America has been well studied and described and can be briefly summarized. Throughout the colonial period there was a marked shortage of women, which varied with the regions and was always greatest in the frontier areas. This favorable ratio enhanced women's status and position and allowed them to pursue different careers. The Puritans, the religious sect that dominated the early British colonies in North America, regarded idleness as a sin, and believed that life in an underdeveloped country made it absolutely necessary that each member of the community performed an economic function. Thus work for women, married or single, was not only approved, it was regarded as a civic duty. Puritan town councils expected widows and unattached women to be self-supporting and for a long time provided needy spinsters with parcels of land. There was no social sanction against married women working; on the contrary, wives were expected to help their husbands in their trade and won social approval for doing extra work in or out of the home. Needy children, girls as well as boys, were indentured or apprenticed and were expected to work for their keep. The vast majority of women worked within their homes, where their labor produced most articles needed for the family. The entire colonial productionof cloth and clothing was in the hands of women. In addition to these occupations, women were found in many different kinds of employment. They were butchers, silversmiths, gunsmiths, upholsterers. They ran mills, plantations, lanyards, shipyards, and every kind of shop, tavern, and boardinghouse. They were gatekeepers, jail keepers, sextons, journalists, printers, apothecaries, midwives, nurses, and teachers.（分数：6.00）(1).According to the passage, where in colonial North America were there the fewest women?（分数：2.00）A.Puritan communities.B.Seaports.C.Frontier settlements. √D.Capital cities.解析：(2).The word "enhanced" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to which of the following?（分数：2.00）A.Supplemented.B.Confirmed.C.Improved. √D.Determined.解析：(3).According to the passage, Puritans believed that an unmarried adult woman should be______.（分数：2.00）A.financially responsible for herself √B.returned to EnglandC.supported by her familyD.trained to be a nurse解析：Oceanography has been defined as "The application of all sciences to the study of the sea". Before the nineteenth century scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work. For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that the question " What is at the bottom of the oceans?" had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineer had to know the depth profile(起伏形状)of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured. It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings(测深)were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea. The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea. Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition(考察), which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895.（分数：6.00）(1).The proposal to lay a telegraph cable from Europe to America made oceanographic studies take on______.（分数：2.00）A.an academic aspectB.a military aspectC.a business aspect √D.an international aspect解析：(2).It was ______that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies.（分数：2.00）A.the American NavyB.some early intercontinental travelersC.those who earned a living from the seaD.the company which proposed to lay an undersea cable √解析：(3).The aim of the voyages Maury was responsible for in the 1840s was______.（分数：2.00）A.to make some sounding experiments in the oceansB.to collect samples of sea plants and animalsC.to estimate the length of cable that was neededD.to measure the depths of the two oceans √解析：There are two ways to create colors in a photograph. One method, called additive, starts with three basic colors and adds them together to produce some other color. The second method, called subtractive, starts with white light(a mixture of all colors in the spectrum)and, by taking away some or all other colors, leaves the one desired. In the additive method, separate colored lights combine to produce various other colors. The three additive primary colors are green, red, and blue(each providing about one third of the wavelengths in the total spectrum). Mixed in varying proportions, they can produce all colors. Green and red light mix to produce yellow; red and blue light mix to produce magenta; green and blue mix to produce cyan. When equal parts of all three of these primary-colored beams of light overlap, the mixture appears white to the eye. In the subtractive process, colors are produced when dye(as in paint or color photographic materials)absorbs some wavelengths and so passes on only part of the spectrum. The subtractive primaries are cyan(a bluish green), magenta(a purplish pink), and yellow. These are the pigments or dyes that absorb red, green, and blue wavelengths, respectively, thus subtracting them from white light. These dye colors are the complementary colors to the three additive primaries of red, green, and blue. Properly combined , the subtractive primaries can absorb all colors of light, producing black. But, mixed in varying proportions, they too can produce any color in the spectrum. Whether a particular color is obtained by adding colored lights together or by subtracting some light from the total spectrum, the result looks the same to the eye. The additive process was employed for early color photography. But the subtractive method, while requiring complex chemical techniques, has turned out to be more practical and is the basis of all modern color films.（分数：8.00）(1).What does the passage mainly discuss?（分数：2.00）A.Recent development in camera technology.B.How to make white light.C.The additive and subtractive methods of producing color. √D.The discovery of the spectrum.解析：(2).Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase "passes on" as used in paragraph ?（分数：2.00）A.Judges.B.Lets through. √C.Dies.D.Goes over.解析：(3).Which of the following is not a pair of additive and subtractive primary colors?（分数：2.00）A.Yellow and blue.B.Magenta and green.C.Black and white. √D.Cyan and red.解析：(4).What explanation is given for the use of the subtractive method in modern color films?（分数：2.00）A.Subtractive colors are more realistic.B.The subtractive process is more efficient. √C.Additive chemical techniques are too complex.D.The additive process is still being developed.解析：四、单词汉译英(总题数：15，分数：30.00)21.轮廓；纲要 n． o 1（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：outline）解析：22.时间安排；期限 n． t 1（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：timeframe）解析：23.同等的 adj． e 1（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：equivalent）解析：24.多产的 adj． p 1（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：productive）解析：25.繁荣 n．p 1（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：prosperity）解析：26.扩展 v． e 1（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：expand）解析：27.区分 v．d 1（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：distinguish）解析：28.期望的 adj． e 1（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：expectant）解析：29.广阔的；广泛的 adj． e 1（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：extensive）解析：30.开始 n． o 1（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：outset）解析：31.肯定的；阳性的 adj．p 1（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：positive）解析：32.促进；提升 v．p 1（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：promote）解析：33.经济；节约 n． e 1（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：economy）解析：34.推荐 v． r 1（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：recommend）解析：35.智力的：精神的adi． m 1（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：mental）解析：五、单词英译汉(总题数：15，分数：30.00)36.spending analysis（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：开支分析）解析：37.eCRM（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：电子商务客户关系管理）解析：38.ineffective error messages（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：无效错误信息）解析：39.availability check（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：有效性核查）解析：40.cross-sell（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：交叉销售）解析：41.transfer funds（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：基金转移）解析：42.cash-flow（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：现金周转；现金流量）解析：43.particular file format（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：特殊文件格式）解析：44.trending tools（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：流行手段）解析：45.sales projections（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：销售预测）解析：46.tracks supplier（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：跟踪供应商）解析：47.global marketplace（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：全球市场）解析：48.market share（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：市场份额）解析：49.maximum value（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：最大价值）解析：50.supply chains（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：供应链）解析：六、英译汉(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Communication can be the most critical aspect of whether a change strategy will succeed or fail.【T1】The degree to which information flows down through the organization can influence how well the change vision is understood and embraced. It can impact the values, behaviors and mindset of the workforce. It can either clarify or muddle a company's organizational structure and employee roles and it can enhance or detract from the culture the leadership is trying to maintain.【T2】Executives who have successfully led change efforts advocate in-person discussions and meetings as the most effective communication vehicles. The degree to which information is shared across the organization can impact speed and flexibility tremendously. Lateral communication andcooperation is important to buying an innovative organization as it supports risk-taking and provides tools to take action.【T3】 Continuous innovation, a critical element of e-business strategy, is at the mercy of an organization's communication structure. 【T4】In today's business environment, the challenge associated with communication is not simple one of volume. Instead, it is the need to reach the target audience(both internal and external)with messages that include strategic, tactical and WIIFM laments. It is the need to prioritize the communications for the target audiences(so that the most important will be absorbed first), as well as the need to strike a balance between too little and too much information.【T5】In the e-business environment, building a relationship with customers is critical, and this cannot be achieved without hearing their suggestions, needs and desires. To be effective for internal audiences, communication must share what is and what is not changing. Communication builds commitment, and is the key to overcoming resistance to the change.（分数：10.00）(1).【T1】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：对变革观点的理解和接受的程度受信息在机构内流通的状况的影响。

Chapter 1 Introduction to E-CommerceANSWER1.Answer the following questionsL business-to-consumer, business-to-business, business processes, consumer-to-consumer, and business-to-government2.A business model is a set of processes that combine to achieve a company's goal, which is to yield a profit.NO.3.A revenue model is a specific collection of business processes used to identify customers, market to those customers, and generate sales to those customers.4.books and CDs, etc.5.Transaction costs are the total of all costs that a buyer and seller incur as they gather infonnation and negotiate a purchase-and-sale transaction.6.As more people or organizations participate in a network, the value of the network to each participant increases. This increase in value is called a network effect.7.The key issues that any company faces when it conducts international commerce include trust and culture, language, infrastructure, international law and currency.8.Localization means a translation that considers multiple elements of the local environment, such as business and cultural practices, in addition to local dialect variations in the language・II.Fill in the blanks in each of the following1.Internet2.dot-com pure dot-com3.internationalmodity5.electronic traditional6.vertical integration.rmation coordination8.value chainChapter 3 E-Business ModelsI.a) True b) False. This is the concept of a true auction. c) False・ A reserve price is the lowest price a seller will accept in an auction・ d) True e) False. The name-your price model allows customers to get Chapter 1 Introduction to E-Commerce 115a lower price by clearing the price with a number of vendors・ This does not involve an auction. f) False. Brick-and-mortar business are offline businesses・ This term is often associated with companies who have both and online and offline presence・ g) False. Web-based training is currentlyused by organizations around the world, h) True i) True j) TrueII.a) Brick-and-mortar b) Demand sensitive pricing model c) shopping cart d) auction e) vertical, horizontal f) community g) reverse auctions h) B2B exchanges i) online trading j) comparison shopping III.Categorize each of the following items as it best relates to the storefront model, the auction model or the dynamic pricing models:a)Auction model b) Auction model c) Storefront modeld) Storefront model e) Dynamic pricing・ f) Dynamic pricingChapter 4 B2B E-CommerceI.Write an Abstract of this paper in about 100 words.Abstract- Just as the industrial revolution mechanized the manufacturing functions of firms, the infonnationrevolution is automating their merchant functions. Four types of potential productivity gains are expected frombusiness-to-business (B2B) electronic commerce: cost efficiencies from automation of transactions, potentialadvantages of new market intermediaries, consolidation of demand and supply through organized exchanges, andchanges in the extent of vertical integration of firms. The article examines the characteristics of B2B onlineintermediaries, including categories of goods traded, market mechanisms employed, and ownership arrangements,and considers the market structure of B2B e-commerce.II.Answer the following questions1.The popular phrase B2B e-commerce refers to the substitution of computer data processing and Internet communications for labor sendees in the production of economic transactions.2.Expectations about productivity gains from B2B e-commerce can be usefully divided into four areas: possible efficiencies from automation of transactions, potential economic advantages of new market intermediaries, consolidation of demand and supply through organized exchanges, and chcinges in the extent of vertical integration of companies.3.Intermediaries can reduce transaction costs relative to direct exchange, by reducing the costs of search, certifying product quality, mitigating communication costs, and providing guarantees for buyer or seller commitments・4.E-commerce intermediaries can be classified into four main categories: brokers, auctioneers, dealers, and exchanges. 116电子商务专业英语(第二版)III.State whether the following are True or False?l.T 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.TChapter 5 Electronic Payment SystemsANSWERI.Answer the following questions1.List five parties may be involved in the e-payment method・They are:a)Customer/payer/buyer. The party making the e-payment in exchange for goods or servicesb)Merchant/payee/seller. The party receiving the e-payment in exchange for goods and servicesc)Issue匚The banks or nonbanking institutions that issue the e-payment instrumentused to make the purchased)Regulator. Usually a government agency whose regulations control the e・paymentprocesse)Automated Clearing House (ACH). An electronic network that transfers moneybetween bank accounts2.List Characteristics of Successful E-payment Methods Interoperability and portability; security; anonymity; divisibility; easy of use; transaction fees; critical mass・3.What are virtual credit cards?This is an e-payment system in which a credit card issuer issues a special number that can be used in place of regukir credit card numbers to make online purchases・ This allows users to use a credit card online without having to disclose the actual credit card number.4.Describe the difference between the contact card and contactless card・A contact card is inserted in a smart card reade匚These cards have a small gold plate about one -half inch in diameter on the front; when the card is inserted in the reader, the plate makes electronic contact and data are passed to and from the chip.In addition to the chip, a contactless card has an embedded antenna・ In this case, data (and applications) are passed to and from the card through the card's antenna to another antenna attached to a cardreader unit or other device.5.List Advantages of E-billingChapter 1 Introduction to E-Commerce 117From the perspective of the billing firm, the most obvious benefit is the reduction in expenses related to billing and processing payments・ E-billing also enables better customer service. Another advantage relates to advertising.From the customer's perspective, E-billing reduces the customer^ expenses by eliminating the cost of checks, postage, and envelopes. E-billing simplifies and centralizes payment processing and provides better record keeping.II. Fill in the blanks in each of the following1.Credit cards, Charge cards, Debit cards2.e-wallet3.smart card, microprocessor, memory, nonprogrammable4.Stored-value5.e-check6.electronic bill presentment and payment (EBPP)Chapter 6 E-Commerce Security ANSWERI.Answer the following questions1.Describe the difference between a nontechnical and a technical cyber attack.Nontechnical attacks are those in which a perpetrator uses chicanery or other forms of persuasion to trick people into revealing sensitive information or performing actions that can be usedto compromise the security of a network.. These attacks are also called social engineering attacks. In contrast to nontechnical attacks, software and systems knowledge are used to perpetmte technical attacks ・ In conducting a technical attack, an expert hacker often uses a methodical approach ・2.How are DDoS attacks peipetrated?Once an attacker has access to a large number of computers, they load the specialized DDoS software onto these computers. The software lays in wait, listening for a command to begin the attack. When the cominand is given, the distributed network of computers begins sending out requests to the target computer. The requests can be legitimate queries for information or can beveryspecialized computer commands designed to overwhelm specific computer resources.3.What are the major forms of malicious code?Viruses, Worms, Macro viruses and macro worms, and Trojan Horses.4.What are some common mistakes that EC sites make in managing their security?Undervalued information. Few organizations have a clear understanding of the value of specific information assets.Narrowly defined security boundaries. Most organizations focus on securing their internal networks and fail to understand the security practices of their supply chain partners.Reactive security management. Many organizations are reactive rather than proactive focusing on security after an incident or problem occurs.Dated security management processes. Organizations rarely update or change their security practice to meet changing needs. Similarly, they rarely update the knowledge and skills of their staff about best practices in information security.Lack of communication about security responsibilities. Security often is viewed as an IT problem, not an organizational one.Chapter 1 Introduction to E-Commerce 1195.Describe the difference between physiological biometrics and behavioral biometrics・ Physiological biometrics are based on measurements derived directly from different partsof the body (e.g., sea ns of fingerprints, the iris, hand geometry, and facial characteristics)・ In contrast, behavioral biometrics are derived from various actions and indirectly from various body parts (e.g., voice scans or keystroke monitoring ).6.Describe the basic components of encryption・All encryption has four basic parts: the plaintext, ciphertext, encryption algorithm, and the key.7.What are the basic differences between symmetric and asymmetric encryption?In a symmetric (private) key system the same key is used to encrypt and decrypt the plaintext. The sender and receiver of the text must share the same key without revealing it to anyone else——thus making it a so-called private system.Public (Asymmetric) key encryption uses a pair of matched keys—a public key that is publicly available to anyone and a private key that is known only to its owner.8.What is a personal firewall?Personal firewalls are designed to protect desktop systems by monitoring all the traffic that passes through the computer\ network interface card.Chapter 7 PricingI.True or FalseI.F 2.T3. F4.T5. FII.Fill the blanks1.Target-return pricing2.internd content is easy to package; of the low friction between buyers and sellers; the cost of adding new customers is low3.frenzy pricingIII.Answer the following questions1 ・ Identify the six results of the interactivity force of the Internet on pricing・(1)It is easier to reach wider audiences.(2)It is easier and cheaper to implement dynamic pricing strategies・(3)It is easier and cheaper to change prices・⑷ It is cheaper for consumers to investigate prices. 120 电子商务专业英语(第二版)(5)It is easier to understand and measure consumers? reactions to price promotions・(6)It is easier to receive customer feedback on price, understand customer willingness to pay for a product, and implement price scrimin at ion strategies.2.In what ways has the individualization force of the Internet affected pricing?(1)By informing companies of their pricing and product desires, consumers make it easier for firms toconvey prices of products in which they have an interest・(2)Customers can register their preferences with firms, making it easier for those finns to offer targeted, individualized pricing promotions・(3)Customers can more easily participate in dynamic pricing processes. Sites that practice dynamic pricing can notify customers via e-mail when their bids are no longer the highest.3.What is a loss leader? What types are most likely to be used?A loss leader is an item offered at very low prices (below its total cost) in order to attract greater store traffic. Typically, such items are well-known brands, staples for price-sensitive consumers, and/or seasonal/holiday/special demand items.4.Describe the two primary ways that the Internet has enhanced the attractiveness of dynamic pricing. First are decreased menu costs. Menu costs are the costs associated with changing the price of a good. For goods advertised on the Web, it is easy and virtually costless to change product prices, making it very attractive for firms to change their prices based on demand and supply conditions. Second is interactivity. The Internet makes it easy for sellers and buyers around the world to interactand negotiate prices. The fact that buyers and sellers can easily interact from their homes or workplaces via the Internet makes it easy to conduct dynamic pricing structures.Chapter 8 Internet MarketingI.Answer the following questions1.What is Internet marketing?Internet marketing is the process of building and maintaining customer relationships through online activities tofacilitate the exchange of ideas, products, and services that satisfy the goals of both parties.2.What are the seven stages of Internet marketing?The seven stages are (1) setting corporate and business-unit strategy, (2) framing the market opportunity, (3)formulating the marketing strategy, (4) designing the customer interface, (5) designing the marketing program, (6)crafting the customer interface, and (7) evaluating the results of the marketing program.3.What are the four stages of the customer relationship?The four stages are: (1) awareness (the degree to which the customer has some basic information, knowledge, Chapter 1 Introduction to E-Commerce 121or attitudes about a firm or its offerings, but has not initiated any communications with the firm);(2)exploration(customer and firm begin to initiate communications and actions that enable an evaluation of whether or not to pursuea deeper connection); (3) commitment (customer and firm feel a sense of obligation or responsibility for each other);and (4) dissolution (isolation of the most valuable customer group and subsequent focus on this particular group).4.What are the six classes of variables in the Internet marketing mix?The six variables are product, pricing, communication, community, distribution, and branding・5.What is the Marketspace Matrix?The Marketspace Matrix is a framework illustrating the levers that the Internet marketer may choose to use ateach stage of the customer relationship. These levers are the six classes of variables including product, pricing,communication, community, distribution and branding, and the stages of customer relationships are awaieness,exploration, commitment and dissolution.6.How do interactivity and individuality come into play in the design of the marketing program? Interactivity is the extent to which two-way communication flow occurs between the firm and customers; individuality refers to a consumer's personal experience with the firm. Both impact the design of all of the levers ofthe Internet marketing mix一price, market communications, and products and services・7.What are the critical success factors for the Internet marketing professional?The critical success factors are (I) customer advocacy and insight (marketing professionals need to strategicallycollect information from many disparate sources, create insightful customer mosaics, and effectively translate theminto marketing strategies and tactics); (2) integration (marketing professionals need to have an integrated or holisticview of the customer and the enterprise in order to create a uniquely advantaged strategic plan); (3) balanced thinking(marketing professionals need to be highly analytical and very creative in order to understand the strategic andtactical implications of the Internet); and (4) willingness to accept risk and ambiguity (marketing professionals needto retool themselves and their companies to enter into a whole new era of customer-centric marketing). 122电子商务专业英语(第二版)Chapter 9 Legal Issues of E■CommerceI.True or False1.T2.F3.T4.F5.T6. F7.T&FII. Answer the following questions1.List some of the ways that the Internet can be used to collect information about individuals.(1)By reading an inciividuaPs newsgroup postings(2)By looking up an individual5s name and identity in an Internet directory(3)By reading an individuaPs e-mail(4)By conducting surveillance on employees(5)By wiretapping wireline and wireless communication lines and listening to employees(6)By asking an individual to complete a Web site registration(7)By recording an individuaPs actions as they navigate the Web with a browser, usually using cookies2.List four types of intellectual property.There are four main types of intellectual property in EC: copyrights, trademarks, domain names, and patents.3.List the legal rights covered by a copyright.A copyright is an exclusive grant from the government that confers on its owner an essentially exclusive right to: (1) reproduce a work, in whole or in part, and (2) distribute, perform, or display ♦Itto the public in any form or manner, including the Internet. In general, the owner has an exclusive right to export the copyrighted work to another country.4.List the legal rights of a trademark owner.The owner of a registered trademai-k has exclusive rights to: (1) Use the trademark on goods and services for which the trademark is registered. (2) Take legal action to prevent anyone else fromusing the trademark without consent on goods and services (identical or similar) for which the trademark is registered.Chapter 10 LogisticsI.l.B 2.A 3. A 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.AII.Translations:1.物流是与时间有关的资源配置或是总供应链的战略管理。