中国人民大学2008年英语专业考研试题

目　录2007年中国人民大学816英语语言学与英语教学考研真题及详解2006年中国人民大学816英语语言学与英语教学考研真题及详解2005年中国人民大学816英语语言学与英语教学考研真题及详解2004年中国人民大学816英语语言学与英语教学考研真题及详解2003年中国人民大学816英语语言学与英语教学考研真题及详解2002年中国人民大学816英语语言学与英语教学考研真题及详解2007年中国人民大学816英语语言学与英语教学考研真题及详解I. Fill in the blanks with the right linguistic concepts (10 points). 1.Human language is arbitrary. This refers to the fact that there is no logical or intrinsic connection between a particular sound and the ______ it is associated with. 2. ______ s a type of word-formation by which a shorter word is coined by the deletion of a supposed affix of a longer form already present in the language. For example，the verb edit was formed from editor by dropping the supposed derivational suffix -or. 3.Some morphemes like –ish,-ness，-ly，-dis，trans-.un- are never words by themselves but are always parts of words. These affixes are ______ morphemes. 4. ______ an be defined as the study of language in use. Sociolinguistics, on the other hand, attempts to show the relationship between language and society. 5. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is ______ and parole. The former is the French word for “language”, which is the abstract knowledge necessary for speaking，listening，writing and reading. The lager is concerned about the actual use of language by people in speech or writing. Parole is more variable and may change according to contextual factors. 6. H.P.Grice believes that there is a set of assumptions guiding the conduct of conversation. This is what he calls the Cooperative Principle. According to the maximum of ______: Do not say what you believe to be false or for which you lack evidence. In other words，speak truthfully; do not lie. 7. ______ proposes that every speaker knows a set of principals which apply to all languages and also a set of parameters that can vary from one language to another, but only within certain limits. 8. ______ refers to varieties of a language used by individual speakers，with peculiarities of pronunciation，grammar and vocabulary. In fact，no two speakers speak exactly the same dialect. Each speaker has certain characteristic features of his own in his way of speaking. 9.According to ______ period hypothesis，in child development there is a period during which language can be acquired more easily than at any other time. The period lasts until puberty (around age 12 or 13 years), and is due to biological development.10. ______ refers to ties and connections which exist within texts. They are also called formal links between sentences and between clauses.答案：I. 1. meaning2.Back-formation3.bound4.Pragmaticsngue6.quality7. Generative Grammar8.Idiolect9.Critical10.CohesionII. Give short answer to the following questions (10 points)I. Explain criterion-referenced and norm-referenced language tests.答案：Tests can be categorized into two major groups: norm-referenced tests and criterion-referenced tests. These two tests differ in their intended purposes, the way in which content is selected, and the scoring process which defines how the test results must be interpreted.A test that measures student knowledge and understanding in relation to specific standards or performance objectives is called criterion-referenced testing (CRT). It measures students’ performance in relation to standards, not in relation to other students; all students may earn the highest grade if all meet the established performance criteria. CRTs report how well students are doing relative to a pre-determined performance level on a specified set of educational goals or outcomes included in the school, district, or state curriculum.A test designed to measure and compare individual students’performances or text results to those of an appropriate peer group (that is,norm group) at the classroom, local or, national level is called norm-referenced testing (NRT). Students with the best performance on a given assessment receive the highest grades. It is generally used to help teachers select students for different ability level reading or mathematics instructional groups.2. Explain the seven types of meaning and use examples to illustrate your ideas.答案：The seven types of meaning were first postulated by G. Leech. They are respectively illustrated as follows:(1) Conceptual meaning, which refers to logical, cognitive, or denotative content. This type of meaning is “denotative” in that it is concerned with the relationship between a word and the thing it denotes, or refers to. It overlaps to a large extent to the concept of reference, but Leech also uses the short form “sense” for the same indication. So Leech’s conceptual meaning contains two parts: sense and reference.(2) Connotative meaning, what is communicated by virtue of what language refers to. It refers to some additional, especially emotive, meaning.(3) Social meaning, referring to what is communicated of the social circumstances of language use.(4) Affective meaning, which refers to what is communicated of the feelings and attitudes of the speaker/writer.(5) Reflected meaning, which refers to what is communicated through association with another sense of the same expression.(6) Collocative meaning, what is communicated through association with words which tend to occur in the environment of another word.The five types of meanings from (2) to (6) are collectively known as Associative meaning in the sense that an elementary associationist theory of mental connections is enough to explain their use.(7) Thematic meaning, what is communicated by the way in which the message is organized in terms of order and emphasis. It is more peripheral since it is only determined by the order of the words in a sentence and the different prominence they each receive.III. Read the following passage carefully and then state your own position concerning the use of knowing some linguistics. (10 points) One famous scholar says that language is an interesting subject to study on its own right, for the simple reason that everybody uses it every day. It is unbelievable that we know very little about something we are so familiar with. Just a few questions will arouse our interest in language. Why should we call the thing we sit on chair? Can’t we call chair table and table chair? How is it that children don’t seem to make a big effort in learning their first language while we adults have to work very hard to learn a second language? Why can we talk about yesterday and last year while cats and dogs never seem to make noises about their past experience? Do you think we can think as clearly without language as with language? Does language determine what we think or thought determines what we say? These questions make us curious about language and linguistics can satisfy our curiosity. To seek the answer to any of these questions is a good reason for studying linguistics.答案：Language is essential to human beings; it plays a central role in our lives as individual and social beings. We have to be fully aware of the nature and mechanism of our language, or we will be ignorant of what constitutes our essential humanity. Therefore, there is every necessity to study language. And Linguistics serves as a way for us to learn more about language, and to explain some phenomena which we have taken granted for but which in fact is quite interesting or puzzling. For example, with the help of linguistics, people could explain why we call the thing we sit on a “chair”but not a “cat” or “dog”, or why we can talk about yesterday and even tomorrow while animals can not. These two kinds of phenomena are all attributed to the design features of language which make it unique from and advantageous over animal languages. The linguists have found that human language is arbitrary because there is no “natural” connection between a linguistic and its meaning. What’s more, human language has also the property of displacement which enables the language users to talk about things and events not present in the immediate environment.Linguistics does not only try to explain the phenomena of language itself, but also try to study the interrelation between it and other aspects of the whole human society. Thus, we have sociolinguistics, which studies the relation of language with society, and which tries to clear out the relationship of language to the society and culture; psycholinguistics, which aims to answer such questions as how the human mind works when we use language, how we as infants acquire our mother tongue, how we memorize, and how we process the information we receive in the course of communication; applied linguistics, which relates some findings in linguistic studies to the solution of such practical problems as the recovery of speech ability, foreignlanguage teachings.Of course, the present linguistic studies can not explain adequately all the phenomena concerned with language, for example, whether it is language determines culture or that culture determines language. Even with the theories which seem to work well on certain aspects of language we should not stay satisfied; for the theory is now accepted as true only because it haven’t been proved wrong.2006年中国人民大学816英语语言学与英语教学考研真题及详解I. Fill in the blanks with the right linguistic concepts (22 points).1. Saussure distinguished the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actual phenomena or data of linguistics (utterances) as (1) and (2) . The former refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, and the latter is the concrete manifestation of language either through speech or through writing.2. (3) grammars attempt to tell what is in the language, while (4) grammars tell people what should be in the language. Most contemporary linguists believe that whatever occurs naturally in the language should be described.3. (5) studies how the speech sounds are made, transmitted, and received, and (6) studies the rules governing the structure, distribution and sequencing of speech sounds and the shape of syllables.4. Words which have different meanings but are written differently and sound alike are called (7) .5. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is (8) and performance.6. There are two fields of morphology: the study of (9) and the study of (10) .7. “The world is like a stage” is an example of (11) , and “All theworld is a stage” is an example o-f (12) . They are often used in analyzing features of literary language.8. (13) studies meaning in language, (14) s about principles of forming and understanding correct English sentences, and (15) is concerned with the internal organization of words. They are all among the main branches of linguistics.9. (16) is the study of the language-processing mechanisms. It is concerned with the storage, comprehension, production and acquisition of language; (17) , on the other hand, attempts to show the relationship between language and society. They both belong to branches of macrolinguistics.10. The part of linguistics that studies the language of literature is called (18) . It focuses on the study of linguistic features related to literary style.11. Children frequently say tooths and mouses, instead of teeth and mice. These are examples of (19) .12. (20) is a relatively complex form of compounding in which a new word is formed by joining the initial part of one word and the final part of another word.For example, the English word smog is made from (21) and (22) .答案：(1) langue (2) parole (3) descriptive (4) prescriptive (5) phonetics(6) phonology (7) homophones (8) competence (9) inflectional　(10) lexical/derivational (11) simile (12) metaphor (13) semantics(14) syntax(15) morphology (16) psycholinguistics (17) sociolinguistics (18) stylistics(19) overgeneralization (20) blending (21) smoke (22) fogII. Give brief definitions of the following terms (18 points).1. Phoneme2. CALL3. IC analysis4. Linguistic relativity5. Silent period6. Gradable antonym答案：1. Phoneme. It refers to the abstract element of sound, identified as being distinctive in a particular language. For example, in English, /p/ is described as a phoneme.2. CALL. It is the abbreviation of computer-assisted language learning, which refers to the use of a computer in the teaching or learning of a second or foreign language. In this kind of CALL programs, the computer leads the student through a learning task step-by-step, asking questions to check comprehension. Depending on the student’s response, the computer gives the student further practice or progresses to new material.3. IC analysis. IC analysis (immediate constituent analysis) refers to the analysis of a sentence in terms of its immediate constituents---word groups(orphrases),which are in turn analyzed into the immediate constituents of their own, and the process goes on until the ultimate constituents are reached. In practice, for the sake of convenience, we usually stop at the level of word.4. Linguistic relativity. This is one of two points in Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. It states that similarity between languages is relative, the greater their structural differentiation is, the more diverse their conceptualization of the world is. For example, not every language has the same set of words for the colors; in Spanish there is no word that corresponds to the English meaning of “blue”.5. Silent period. It refers to a period in the initial phase of the language acquisition process, during which children acquiring a new language in natural settings are silent and concentrate on comprehension. And they may respond, if necessary, only in a non-verbal way or by making use of a set of memorized phrases. This phenomenon is also observed when we see how children acquire their mother tongue.6. Gradable antonym. Gradable antonyms are antonyms that are gradable because there are often intermediate forms between the two members of a pair. For example, cold and warm constitute a pair of gradable antonyms.III. Give Short answers to the following questions (40 points):1. In what ways do people cooperate in their conversations?答案：In daily conversations people do not usually say things directly but tend to imply them, and according to Grice, they seem to observe willingly or unwillingly certain principle, which is called “cooperativeprinciple”: “Make your conversational contribution such as is required, at the stage at which it occurs，by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged”. Under this principle, there are four maxims, namely, Quantity, Quality, Relation, and Manner.2. How is the illocutionary act different from the perlocutionary act?答案：An illocutionary act is the act of expressing the speaker’s intention; it is the act performed in saying something. Thus, if someone says “Morning”, we can ask questions like “What did he mean?” and the answer could be “He offered a greeting.”A perlocutionary act, however, is the effect of the utterance. By telling somebody something the speaker may change the opinion of the hearer on something, or mislead him, or surprise him, or induce him to do something, and so on. Therefore, the perlocutionary act of the saying “Morning” could be to keep friendly relations with the hearer.3. Why did Chomsky make the distinction between deep and Surface structures?答案：In generative grammar, deep structure is the abstract syntactic representation of a sentence, the underlying level of structural organization which specifies all the factors governing the way the sentence should be interpreted. On the other hand, surface structure is the final stage in the syntactic representation of a sentence, which provides the input to the phonological component of the grammar, and which thus most closely corresponds to the structure we articulate and hear.According to Chomsky, it is necessary to make the distinction, since it ishelpful to differentiate and analyze syntactic structures such as “John is easy to please” and “John is eager to please”, and also to disambiguate structures like “the shooting of the hunters”. More importantly, it reflects two of the stages of how the language is processed through the generative grammar: the deep structure, which an underlying structure, has to be transformed to the surface structure via a set of transformational rules.4.What are the major concerns of pragmatics?答案：Pragmatics is the study of the language in use. It is mainly about how speakers use language appropriately and effectively in accordance with a given context. It is concerned with the study of meaning as communicated by a speaker (or writer) and interpreted by a listener (or reader). It has more to do with participants of communication and context in which communication takes place. Hence the study of speaker meaning, that of contextual meaning, of what is unsaid but communicated.5. For the system of transitivity, Halliday identified six kinds of process, each with different types of participants. List four of the processes and comment on the effectiveness of such classification.答案：For the system of transitivity, Halliday has identified six kinds of process, and four of them are material process, relational process, behavioral process, and mental process.Such a classification has a lot to do with the systemic-functional approach of grammar interpretation. The classification of the system of transitivity helps reveal the functions of the components in relation to the whole clause; it is an interpretation of grammar in terms of ideationalfunction. These six types of process have divided up the semantic system of ideational function, by showing the various ways of language to react on the material world around us, and make sense of their experience of what goes on around them and inside them, or in other words, to perform the ideational function.IV. Answer the following questions, citing examples to support your ideas (40 points).1. What are the seven functions of human language?答案：According to Hu Zhuanglin, language has at least seven functions, and they are illustrated as follows:1) Informative function. It means that language is the instrument of thought and language serves an informational function when used to tell something. It is also called ideational function in the framework of functional grammar. The declarative sentences such as “This is a book.” are the typical illustration of this function.2) Interpersonal function. The interpersonal function means people can use language to establish and maintain their status in a society. It is the most important sociological use of language. In the framework of functional grammar, this function is concerned with interaction between the addresser and addressee in the discourse situation and the addresser's attitude toward what he speaks or writes about. For example, the ways in which people address others and refer to themselves (such as Dear Sir, Dear Professor, Johnny, yours, your obedient servant) indicate the various grades of interpersonal relations.3) Performative function. The performative function of language is primarily to change the social status of persons, as in marriage ceremonies, the sentencing of criminals, the blessing of children, the naming of a ship at a launching ceremony, and the cursing of enemies. The kind of language employed in performative verbal acts is usually quite formal and even ritualized. The performative function can extend to the control of reality as on some magical or religious occasions. For example, in Chinese when someone breaks a bowl or a plate the host or the people present are likely to say sui sui ping an (every year be safe and happy) as a means of controlling the forces which the believers feel might affect their lives.4) Emotive function. The emotive function is one of the most powerful uses of language because it is so crucial in changing the emotional status of an audience for or against someone or something. It is a means of getting rid of the nervous energy when people are under stress, for example, swear words, obscenities, involuntary verbal reactions to beautiful art or scenery; conventional words/phrases, for example. God, My, Damn it, Wow, Ugh, Ow, etc.5) Phatic communion. The phatic communion refers to the social interaction of language. People always use some small, seemingly meaningless expressions such as Good morning, God bless you, Nice day, etc., to maintain a comfortable relationship between people without any factual content.6) Recreational function. The recreational function means people use language for the sheer joy of using it, such as a baby’s babbling or a chanter’s chanting.7) Metalingual function. The metalingual function refers to the fact that people can use language to talk about itself. For example, I can use the word “book” to talk about a book, and I can also use the expression “the word book” to talk about the sign “b-o-o-k” itself.2. What are the major types of semantic Changes?答案：There are mainly three kinds of semantic changes, namely, broadening, narrowing, and meaning shift. Class shift and folk etymology also contribute to change in meaning　(1) BroadeningBroadening is a process to extend or elevate the meaning from its originally specific sense to a relatively general one．For instance，the word holiday used to mean“holy day”in religious English. Today it means“a day for rest”regardless of its religious nature.(2) NarrowingContrary to broadening，the original meaning of a word can be narrowed or restricted to a specific sense．A typical example is the word meat which originally meant "food". In the course of time, the range of meaning was narrowed to mean specifically "the flesh of animals used as food".(3) Meaning shiftAll semantic changes involve meaning shift．Yet, in its narrow sense, meaning shift refers to the change of meaning, which has nothing to do with generalization or restriction. What makes the meaning of a word different isits departure from its original domain as a result of its metaphorical usage. For instance，the word bead originally means “prayer”, but later it refers to “the prayer bead”, the visible manifestation of a prayer, finally “small, ball-shaped piece of glass, metal or wood”.(4) Class shiftBy shifting the word class one can change the meaning of a word from a concrete entity or notion to a process or attribution. This process of word formation is also known as zero-derivation, or conversion. The word engineer as a noun means “a person trained in a branch of engineering”, but it means “to act as an engineer” or “to plan, to maneuver” when used as a verb.(5) Folk etymologyIt refers to a change in form of a word or phrase resulting from an incorrect popular notion of the origin or meaning of the term or from the influence of more familiar terms mistakenly taken to be analogous. As a result of this modification，the word sparrowgrass in English derived from asparagus; the Spanish cucaracha changed into English cockroach．V. Translate the following into Chinese (30 points). Suppose that John Smith, happily married to Mary Smith, addresses his wife as “Mary, Smith, how many times have I asked you not to flip through the TV channels?” There would be reason to took beyond the words for the “meaning” of this unusual form of address. Mr. Smith may address his wife as “Mary Smith” to show his exasperation, as in this example. By addressing her as “Mary Smith” instead of the usual “Mary”, he conveys frustration and annoyance. His choice of name thus “means” that he is exasperated. Contrast the tone of that Sentence With a similar one in whichJohn Smith addressed Mary Smith as “dear”. The level of meaning that conveys the language user’s feelings, including his attitude or evaluation in shaping his use of language is Called affective meaning or emotive meaning. It is largely a parasitic category in the sense that to express our emotions we depend on the mediation of other categories of meaning as conceptual, connotative or social. For example, nigger, originally a word denoting a certain race, has virtually become a term of abuse or contempt; and a similar development has occurred with part of the political vocabulary, such as fascist.【参考译文】假设约翰·史密斯开心地娶了玛丽小姐后却这样称呼他的妻子：“玛丽·史密斯，我告诉过你多少次了，换台时不要老那么快！”撇开字面意思，这不寻常的称呼的出现是有理由的。

北京外国语大学英语语言文学专业英美文学真题2008年(总分：149.99，做题时间：90分钟)一、Section Ⅰ Matching(总题数：1，分数：30.00)●Passage 1●1. Milton! Thou should"st be living at this hour:England hath need of thee: she is a fenOf stagnant waters: altar, sword and pen,Fireside, the heroic wealth of hall and bower,Have forfeited their ancient English dowerOf in ward happiness.●Passage 2●2. When I reached home, my sister was very curious to know all about Miss Havisham"s, and askeda number of questions. And I soon found myself getting heavily bumped from behind in the nape of the neck and the small of the back, and having my face ignominiously shoved against the kitchen wall, because I did not answer those questions at sufficient length.●Passage 3●3. I started across to the town from a little below the ferry landing, and the drift of the current fetched me in at the bottom of the town. I tied up and started along the bank. There was a light burning in a little shanty that hadn"t been lived in for a long time, and I wondered who had taken up quarters there. I slipped up and peeped in at the window. There was a woman about forty years old in there, knitting by a candle that was on a pine table.●Passage 4●4. In the midst of dinner my Mistress"s favorite cat leapt into her lap. I heard a noise behind me like that of a dozen stocking-weavers at work; and turning my head, I found it proceeded from the purring of this animal, who seemed to be three times larger than an ox, as I computed by the view of her head, and one of her paws, while her mistress was feeding and stroking her.●Passage 5●5. Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—I took the one less traveled by,And that has made all the difference.●Passage 6●6. The awful shadow of some unseen power,Floats though unseen amongst us, —visiting,This various world with as inconstant wing,As summer winds that creep from flower to flower.●Passage 7●7. Something there is that doesn"t love a wall,That sends the frozen ground swell under it,And spills the upper boulders in the sun,And makes gaps even two can pass abreast.●Passage 8●8. The scenery of Walden is on a humble scale, and though very beautiful, does not approach to grandeur, not can it much concern one who has not long frequented it or lived by its shore; yet this pond is so remarkable for its depth and purity as to merit a particular description.●Passage 9●9. The world is too much with us; late and soon,Getting and spending, we lay waste our powers;Little we see in Nature that is ours;We have given our hearts away, a sordid boon!●Passage 10●10. Mr. Harthouse professed himself in the highest degree instructed and refreshed by this condensed epitome of the whole of Coketown question.●Authors●A. Henry David ThoreauB. William WordsworthC. Charles DickensD. Jonathan SwiftE. John MiltonF. Francis BaconG. Percy Bysshe ShelleyH. Robert FrostI. Mark TwainJ. William ShakespeareK. Emily DickinsonL. Christopher Marlowe（分数：30.00）二、Section Ⅱ Short Stor(总题数：1，分数：100.00)A Worn PathEudora WeltyIt was December—a bright frozen day in the early morning. Far out in the country there was an old Negro woman with her head tied red rag, coming along a path through the pinewoods. Her name was Phoenix Jackson. She was very old and small and she walked slowly in the dark pine shadows, moving a little from side to side in her steps, with the balanced heaviness and lightness of a pendulum in a grand father clock. She carried a thin, small cane made from an umbrella, and with this she kept tapping the frozen earth in front of her. This made a grave and persistent noise in the still air that seemed meditative like the chirping of a solitary little bird.She wore a dark striped dress reaching down to her shoe tops, and an equally long apron of bleached sugar sacks, with a full pocket: all neat and tidy, but every time she took a step she might have fallen over her shoelaces, which dragged from her unlaced shoes, she looked straight ahead. Her eyes were blue with age. Her skin had a pattern all its own of numberless branching wrinkles and as though a whole little tree stood in the middle of her forehead, but a golden color ran underneath, and thee two knobs of her cheeks were illumined by a yellow burning under the dark. Under the red rag her hair came down on her neck in the frailest of ringlets, still black, and with an odor like copper.Now and then there was a quivering in the thicket. Old Phoenix said, "Out of my way, all you foxes, owls, beetles, jack rabbits, coons and wild animals... Keep out from under these feet, little bob-whites. Keep the big wild hogs out of my path. Don"t let none of those come running my direction.I got a long way." Under her small black-freckled hand her cane, limber as a buggy whip, would switch at the brush as if to rouse up any hiding things. On she went. The woods were deep and still. The sun made the pine needles almost too bright to look at, up where the wind rocked. The cones dropped as light as feathers. Down in the hollow was the mourning dove—it was not too late for him.The path ran up a hill. "Seem like there is chains about my feet, time I get this far," she said, in the voice of argument old people keep to use with themselves. "Something always take a hold of me on this hill—pleads I should stay."After she got to the top she turned and gave a full, severe look behind her where she had come. "Up through pines," she said at length. "Now down through oaks."Her eyes opened their widest, and she started down gently. But before she got to the bottom of the hill a bush caught her dress.Her fingers were busy and intent, but her skirts were full and long, so that before she could pull them free in one place they were caught in another. It was not possible to allow the dress to tear. "I in the thorny bush," she said. "Thorns, you doing your appointed work. Never want to let folks pass, no sir. Old eyes thought you was a pretty little green bush."Finally, trembling all over, she stood free, and after a moment dared to stoop for her cane. "Sun so high!" she cried, leaning back and looking, while the thick tears went over her eyes. "The time getting all gone here."At the foot of this hill was a place where a log was laid across the creek."Now comes the trial," said Phoenix.Putting her right foot out, she mounted the log and shut her eyes. Lifting her skirt, leveling her cane fiercely before her, like a festival figure in some parade, she began to march across. Then she opened her eyes and she was safe on the other side."I wasn"t as old as I thought," she said.But she sat down to rest. She spread her skirts on the bank around her and folded her hands over her knees. Up above her was a tree in a pearly cloud of mistletoe. She did not dare to close her eyes, and when a little boy brought her a plate with a slice of marble-cake on it she spoke to him. "That would be acceptable," she said. But when she went to take it there was just her own hand in the air.So she left that tree, and had to go through a barbed-wire fence. There she had to creep and crawl, spreading her knees and stretching her fingers like a baby trying to climb the steps. But she talked loudly to herself: she could not let her dress be torn now, so late in the day, and she could not pay for having her arm or her leg sawed off if she got caught fast where she was. At last she was safe through the fence and risen up out in the clearing. Big dead trees, like black men with one arm, were standing in the purple stalks of the withered cotton field. Thee sat a buzzard."Who you watching?"In the furrow she made her way along."Glad this not the season for bulls," she said, looking sideways, "and the good Lord made his snakes to curl up and sleep in the winter. A pleasure I don"t see no two-headed snake coming around that tree, where it come once. It took a while to get by him, back in the summer."She passed through the old cotton and went into a field of dead corn. It whispered and shook and was taller than her head. "Through the maze now," she said, for there was no path.Then there was something tall, black, and skinny there, moving before her.At first she took it for a man. It could have been a man dancing in the field. But she stood still and listened, and it did not make a sound. It was as silent as a ghost."Ghost", she said sharply, "who be you the ghost of? For I have heard of nary death close by." But there was no answer—only the ragged dancing in the wind.She shut her eyes, reached out her hand, and touched a sleeve. She found a coat and inside that an emptiness, cold as ice."You scarecrow," she said. Her face lighted. "I ought to be shut up for good," she said with laughter. "My senses is gone. I too old. I the oldest people I ever know. Dance, old scarecrow," she said, "while I dancing with you".She kicked her foot over the furrow, and with mouth drawn down, shook her head once or twice in a little strutting way. Some husks blew down and whirled in streamers about her skirts. Then she went on, parting her way from side to side with the cane, through the whispering field.At last she came to the end, to a wagon track where the silver grass blew between the red ruts. The quail were walking around like pullets, seeming all dainty and unseen."Walk pretty," she said. "This the easy place. This the easy going."She followed the track, swaying through the quiet bare fields, through the little strings of trees silver in their dead leaves, past cabins silver from weather, with the doors and windows boarded shut, all like old women under a Spell sitting there. "I walking in their sleep," she said, nodding her head vigorously.In a ravine she went where a spring was silently flowing through a hollow log. Old Phoenix bent and drank. "Sweet gum makes the water sweet," she said, and drank more. "Nobody know who made this well, for it was here when I was born."The track crossed a swampy part where the moss hung as white as lace from every limb. "Sleep on, alligators, and blow your bubbles." Then the track went into the road.Deep, deep the road went down between the high green-colored banks. Overhead the live-oaks net and it was as dark as a cave.A black dog with a lolling tongue came up out of the weeds by the ditch. She was meditating, and not ready, and when he came at her she only hit him a little with her cane. Over she went in the ditch, like a little puff of milkweed.Down there her senses drifted away. A dream visited her, and she reached her hand up, but nothing reached down and gave her a pull. So she lay there and presently went to talking. "Old woman", she said to herself, "that black dog come up out of the weeds to stall you off and now there he sitting on his fine tail, smiling at you."A white man finally came along and found her—a hunter, a young man, with his dog on a chain. "Well, Granny!" he laughed. "What are you doing there?""Lying on my back like a June-bug waiting to be fumed over, mister," she said, reaching up her hand.He lifted her up, gave her a swing in the air, and set her down. "Anything broken, Granny?", "No, sir, them old dead seeds is spring enough," said Phoenix, when she had got her breath. "I thank you for your trouble.""Where do you live, Granny?" he asked, while the two dogs were growling at each other. "Away back yonder, sir, behind the ridge. You can"t even see it from here?""On your way home?""No sir, I going to town...""Why, that"s too far! That"s as far as I walk when I come out myself, and I get something for my trouble." He patted the stuffed bag he carried, and there hung down a little closed claw. It was one of the bobwhites, with its beak hooked bitterly to show it was dead. "Now you go on home, Granny!""I bound to go to town, mister", said Phoenix. "The time comes around."He gave another laugh, filling the whole landscape. "I know you old colored people! Wouldn"t miss going to town to see Santa Claus!"But something held old Phoenix very still. The deep lines in her face went into a fierce and different radiation. Without warning, she had seen with her own eyes a flashing nickel fall out of the man"s pocket onto the ground."How old are you, Granny?" he was saying."There is no telling, mister," she said, "no telling."Then she gave a little cry and clapped her hands and said, "Git on away from here, dog! Look! Look at that dog!" She laughed as if in admiration. "He ain"t scared of nobody. He a big black dog." She whispered, "Sic him!""Watch me get rid of that cur," said the man. "Sic him, Pete! Sic him!"Phoenix heard the dogs fighting, and heard the man running and throwing sticks. She even hearda gunshot. But she was slowly bending forward by that time, further and further forward, the lids stretched down over her eyes, as if she were doing this in her sleep. Her chin was lowered almost to her knees. The yellow palm of her hand came out from the fold of her apron. Her fingers slid down and along the ground under the piece of money with the grace and care they would have in lifting an egg from under a setting hen. Then she slowly straightened up, she stood erect, and the nickel was in her apron pocket. A bird flew by. Her lips moved, "God watching me the whole time. I come to stealing."The man came back, and his own dog panted about them. "Well, I scared him off that time," he said, and then he laughed and lifted his gun and pointed it at Phoenix.She stood straight and faced him."Doesn"t the gun scare you?" he said, still pointing it."No, sir, I seen plenty go off closer by, in my day, and for less than what I done," she said, holding utterly still.He smiled, and shouldered the gun. "Well, Granny," he said, "you must be a hundred years old, and scared of nothing. I"d give you a dime if I had any money with me. But you take my advice and stay home, and nothing will happen to you.""I bound to go on my way, mister," said Phoenix. She inclined her head in the red rag. Then they went in different directions, but she could hear the gun shooting again and again over the hill. She walked on. The shadows hung from the oak trees to the road like curtains. Then she smelled wood-smoke, and smelled the river, and she saw a steeple and the cabins on their steep steps. Dozens of little black children whirled around her. There ahead was Natchez shining. Bells were ringing. She walked on.In the paved city it was Christmas time. There were red and green electric lights strung and crisscrossed everywhere, and all turned on in the daytime. Old Phoenix would have been lost if she had not distrusted her eyesight and depended on her feet to know where to take her.She paused quietly on the sidewalk where people were passing by. A lady came along in the crowd, carrying an armful of red, green and silver wrapped presents; she gave off perfume like the red roses in hot summer, and Phoenix stopped her."Please, missy, will you lace up my shoe?" She held up her foot."What do you want, Grandma?""See my shoe," said Phoenix. "Do all right for out in the country, but wouldn"t look right to go in a big building." "Stand still then, Grandma," said the lady. She put her packages down on the sidewalk beside her and laced and tied both shoes tightly."Can"t lace"em with a cane," said Phoenix. "Thank you, missy. I don"t mind asking a nice lady to tie up my shoe, when I gets out on the street."Moving slowly and from side to side, she went into the big building, and into a tower of steps, where she walked up and around and around until her feet knew to stop.She entered a door, and there she saw nailed up on the wall the document that had been stamped with the gold seal and framed in the gold frame, which matched the cream that was hung up in her head."Here I be," she said. There was a fixed and ceremonial stiffness over her body."A charity cases, I suppose," said an attendant who sat at the desk before her.But Phoenix only looked above her head. There was sweat on her face, the wrinkles in her skin shone like a bright net."Speak up, Grandma," the woman said. "What"s your name? We must have your history, you know. Have you been here before? Want seems to be the trouble with you?"Old Phoenix only gave a twitch to her face as if a fly were bothering her."Are you deaf?" cried the attendant.But then the nurse came in."Oh, that"s just old Aunt Phoenix," she said. "She doesn"t come for herself she has a little grandson. She makes these trips just as regular as clockwork. She lives away back off the old Natchez Trace." She bent down. "Well, Aunt Phoenix, why don"t you just take a seat? We won"t keep you standing after your long trip." She pointed.The old woman sat down, bolt upright in the chair."Now, how is the boy?" asked the nurse.Old Phoenix did not speak."I said, how is the boy?"But Phoenix only waited and stared straight ahead, her face very solemn and withdrawn into rigidity. "Is his throat any better?" asked the nurse. "Aunt Phoenix, don"t you hear me? Is your grandson"s throating any better since the last time you came for the medicine?" With her hands on her knees, the old woman waited, silent, erect and motionless, just as if she were in armor."You mustn"t take up our time this way, Aunt Phoenix," the nurse said. "Tell us quickly about your grandson, and get it over. He isn"t dead, is he?"At last there came a flicker and then a flame of comprehension across her face, and she spoke. "My grandson. It was my memory had left me. There I sat and forgot why I made my long trip." "Forgot?" The nurse frowned. "After you came so far?"Then Phoenix was like an old woman begging a dignified forgiveness for waking up frightened in the night. "I never did go to school, I was too old at the Surrender," she said in a soft voice. "I"m an old woman without an education. It was my memory fail me. My little grandson, he is just the same, and I forgot it in the coming.""Throat never heals, does it?" said the nurse, speaking in a loud, sure voice to old Phoenix. By now she had a card with something written on it, a little list. Yes. Swallowed lye. When was it? —January—two, three years ago...Phoenix spoke unasked now. "No, missy, he not dead, he just the same. Every little while his throat begin to close up again, and he not able to swallow. He not get his breath. He not able to help himself. So the time come around, and I go on another trip for the soothing medicine.""All right. The doctor said as long as you came to get it, you could have it," said the nurse. "But it"s art obstinate case.""My little grandson, he sit up there in the house all wrapped up, waiting by himself," Phoenix went on. "We is the only two left in the world. He suffer and it don"t seem to put him back at all. He got a sweet look. He going to last. He wear a little patch quilt and peep out holding his mouth open like a little bird. I remember so plain now. I not going to forget him again, no, the whole enduring time. I could tell him from all the others in creation.""All right." The nurse was trying to hush her now. She brought her a bottle of medicine. Charity, she said, making a check mark in a book.Old Phoenix held the bottle close to her eyes, and then carefully put it into her pocket."I thank you," she said."It"s Christmas time, Grandma," said the attendant. "Could I give you a few pennies out of my purse?""Five pennies is a nickel," said Phoenix stiffly."Here"s a nickel," said the attendant.Phoenix rose carefully and held out her hand. She received the nickel and then fished the other nickel out of her pocket and laid it beside the new one. She stared at her palm closely, with her head on one side.Then she gave a tap with her cane on the floor."This is what come to me to do," she said. "I going to the store and buy my child a little windmill they sells, made out of paper. He going to find it hard to believe three such a thing in the world. I"ll march myself back where he waiting, holding it straight up in this hand."She lifted her free hand, gave a little nod, turned around, and walked out of the doctor"s office. Then her slow step began on the stairs, going down.（分数：99.99）(1).Summarize the plot of the following story in your own words (around 200 words).（分数：33.33）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (2).Make a brief comment on the characterization of Phoenix Jackson. （分数：33.33）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (3).Define the major theme of the following short story. （分数：33.33）__________________________________________________________________________________________三、Section Ⅲ Critical T(总题数：4，分数：20.00)1.Birds normally can fly.Tweety the Penguin is a bird.Therefore, Tweety can fly.（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.You"ll never find any additives in our tobacco. What you see is what you get. Simply 100% whole-leaf natural tobacco. True authentic tobacco taste. It"s only natural.（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.If we guillotine the king, then he will die.Therefore, if we don"t guillotine the king, then he won"t die.（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.Everyone is selfish; everyone is doing what he believes will make himself happier. The recognition of that can take most of the sting out of accusations that you"re being "selfish". Why should you feel guilty for seeking your own happiness when that"s what everyone else is doing, too?（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。

2008年四川大学外国语学院211二外英语真题及详解Part One Vocabulary and Structure. Make the best choice for each blank. (1’×30=30’)1. Hardly had the minister finished his statement ______ several reporters raised their hands and put forward a string of questions.A. whenB. asC. thenD. than【答案】A【解析】句意：部长刚发表完他的声明，一些记者就举起手提出了一连串问题。

hardly…when…是固定搭配，表示“刚一……就，几乎未来得及……就”，hardly后面常跟完成时态，when后面常跟一般时态。

A正确。

2. All the members are participating in the scheme ______ a few small firms.A. exceptB. besidesC. except forD. in addition to【答案】C【解析】句意：除了一些小公司之外，所有的成员都加入了这一方案。

这四个选项都可以表示“除了”，except表示“除了，将……除外”，后面通常跟同类事物，例如：You can have anyone of these cakes except this one.表示“除了这一块蛋糕以外，你可以吃任何一块蛋糕”；besides（排斥）除……之外（还有）”；except for表示“除了，将……除外”时，后面通常跟的是整体的一部分和一方面，是对细节的修正，例如：I can answer all the questions except this one. 表示“除了最后一道题以外，我可以回答所有的题”；in addition to表示“除……之外还”，通常用于补充。

目录Ⅰ历年考研真题试卷 (2)中国人民大学2007年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 (2)中国人民大学2008年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 (3)中国人民大学2009年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 (4)中国人民大学2010年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 (5)中国人民大学2011年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 (6)中国人民大学2012年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 (7)中国人民大学2013年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 (8)中国人民大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 (9)中国人民大学2016年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 (10)中国人民大学2017年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 (11)中国人民大学2018年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（回忆版） (12)中国人民大学2019年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（回忆版） (13)Ⅱ历年考研真题试卷答案解析 (14)中国人民大学2007年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题答案解析 (14)中国人民大学2008年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题答案解析 (20)中国人民大学2009年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题答案解析 (26)中国人民大学2010年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题答案解析 (31)中国人民大学2011年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题答案解析 (36)中国人民大学2012年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题答案解析 (42)中国人民大学2013年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题答案解析 (47)中国人民大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题答案解析 (54)中国人民大学2016年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题答案解析 (59)中国人民大学2017年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题答案解析 (63)Ⅰ历年考研真题试卷中国人民大学2007年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题招生专业：信息资源管理学院图书馆学、情报学、档案学、信息资源管理、信息分析专业考试科目：信息检索试题编号：618试题：（请在答题纸上答题，在试题纸上答题无效）一、简答题１、常用布尔逻辑运算符及其使用方法。

中国人民大学英语专业---2005年基础英语考研真题·中国人民大学2005年基础英语I. Sentence Completion (20 points)Directions: Write in the blank the letter of the item which best completes each sentence.any moment.a. tentativeb. tenuousc. restrictived. consistente. tenacious2. I did not anticipate reading such of the international situation in the morning newspaper; normally, such a treatment could be found only in scholarly magazines.a. eruditeb. arrogantc. ingeniousd. overte. analyticala. boorsb. studentsc. philistinesd. pragmatistse. philosophers4. The Trojan War proved to the Greeks that cunning and often more effective than military might.a. treacheryb. artificec. strengthd. wisdome. beauty5. His remarks were sounded lofty but presented nothing new to the audience.a. aphorismsb. platitudesc. bombastd. adagese. symbolsa. myrmidonsb. antagonistsc. arachnidsd. myriadse. anchoritesa. predatoryb. wildc. nocturnald. livee. rare8. He was deluded by claimed he could cure all diseases with his miracle machine.a. salesmanb. inventorc. charlatand. doctore. practitionerit be stricken from the record as irrelevant.a. favorableb. coherentc. harmfuld. beneficiale. germane10.a. meagerb. uselessc. actived. complexe. idle11.1 was so bored with the verbose and redundant style of that writer that I welcomed the changeto thea. prolixb. consistentc. tersed. logisticale. tacita. exasperatingb. astutec. cowardlyd. enigmatice. democraticin 1642.a. mediocreb. fantasticc. moribundd. Salaciouse. witty14. John left his position with the company because he felt that advancement was based on rather than ability.a. chanceb. seniorityc. nepotismd. superciliousnesse. maturation15. He became quite overbearing and domineering once he had become accustomed to the shown to soldiers by the natives; he enjoyed his new sense of power.a. abilityb. domesticityc. deferenced. culpabilitye. insolence16. Epicureans live for thea. mortificationb. removalc. gratificationd. gravitye. lassitude17.1 grew more and more aware of Iago’ssuspicion in Othello's mind.a. nobleb. meritoriousc. felld. insinceree. hypocriticala. inevitable / vehementlyb. subtle / violentlyc. clever / obtuselyd. sympathetic / angrilye. garrulous / terselya. Timorousness / herob. Thrift / impoverishedc. Avarice/philanthropistd. Trepidation/cowarde. Vanity / obsequious20. If you carry thishave at this moment.a. belligerent/delightb. truculent / alienatec. conciliatory / deferd. supercilious / attracte. ubiquitous / alienateII. Error Correction (20 points)Directions: In the passage below, there are ten extra words, which are either grammatically incorrect or do not fit in with the meaning of the passage. Read the passage carefully and cross out those extra words.Products have a limited life, not only from the consumer's viewpoint, but also when as far as the producer is concerned. For example, a particular certain model of car might last 5 years before production is stopped and it is replaced for by a completely new model. New inventions and technology have to made many products obsolete. Fashion can be another major as influence on the life of a product. Some products survive because they now sell after in different areas. Products, since they have a limited life, all have a life cycle. It is obvious that different products are last for different lengths of time but their life cycles have certain common in elements which can be described as the introduction, growth and maturity stages. The length of the product's life cycle can often be extended by a modifying the product in some way and this is often done by companies to keep their products on the market for a longer period, Provided that the product remains so competitive, this can be much less expensive than developing a new model.III. Cloze Test (10 points)Directions: Fill in each of the 20 blanks in the following passages with one suitable word.A few weeks later I met Masefield himself. He had promised to read some of his poetry to a littlehis arrival. It was a bitterly cold night, with driving snow, and he lived some eight miles out of Oxford, in a region where there were neither taxis nor buses, so that he would have beenfew minutes (4)not to disappoint us.grave. And yet it is not the face of an old man, is still in the bright eyes. Itsdominant quality is humility. There were he seemed almost to abase himself before his fellow-creatures. And this humility was echoed in everything he did or said, inthe quiet, timid tone of his voice, in in which he always shrank from asserting himself.This quality of his can best be by his behavior that night. When the time came for him to read his poems, he would not stand up in any position of pre-eminence butpassages from “The Everlasting Mercy,” "Dauber" "The Tragedy of Nan," and "P ompey the Great."IV. Reading Comprehension (40 points)Passage I ADuring the night of 1st February 1953, a deadly combination of winds and tide raised the level of the North Sea, broke through the dykes which protected the <st1:country-region w:st="on">Netherlands and inundated farmland and villages as far as 64 km from the coast, killing thousands. For people around the world who inhabit low-lying areas, variations in sea levels are of crucial importance and the scientific study of oceans has attracted increasing attention. Towards the end of the 1970s, some scientists began suggesting that global warming could cause the world's oceans to rise by several metres. The warming, they claimed, was an inevitable consequence of increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere which acted like a greenhouse to trap heat in the air. The greenhouse warming was predicted to lead to rises in sea levels in a variety of ways. Firstly, heating the ocean water would cause it to expand. Such expansion might be sufficient to raise the sea level by 300mm in the next 100 years. Then there was the observation that in Europe's Alpine valleys glaciers had been shrinking for the past century. Meltwater from the mountain glaciers might have raised the oceans 50mm over the last 100 years and the rate is likely to increase in future. A third threat is that global warming might cause a store of frozen water in Antarctica to melt which would lead to a calamitous rise in sea level of up to five metres.BThe challenge of predicting how global warming will change sea levels led scientists of several disciplines to adopt a variety of approaches. In 1978 J H Mercer published a largely theoretical statement that a thick slab of ice covering much of West Antarctica is inherently unstable. He suggested that this instability meant that, given just 5 degrees Celsius of greenhouse warming in the south polar region, the floating ice shelves surrounding the West Antarctic ice sheet would begin to disappear. Without these buttresses the grounded ice sheet would quickly disintegrate and coastlines around the world would be disastrously flooded. In evidence Mercer pointed out that between 130.000 and 110,000 years ago there had been just such a global warming as we have had in the past 20,000 years since the last ice age. In the geological remains of that earlier period there are indications that the sea level was five metres above the current sea leve l—just the level that would be reached if the West Antarctic ice sheet melted. The possibility of such a disastrous rise led a group of American investigators to form SeaRlSE (Sea-level Response to Ice Sheet Evolution) in 1990. Sea RlSE reported the presence of five active "ice streams"drawing ice from the interior of West Antarctica into the Ross Sea. They stated that these channels in the West Antarctic ice sheet “may be manifestations of collapse already under way.”CBut doubt was cast on those dire warnings by the use of complex computer models of climate. Models of atmospheric and ocean behavior predicted that greenhouse hearing would cause warmer, wetter air to reach Antarctica, where it would deposit its moisture as snow. Thus, the sea ice surrounding the continent might even expand causing sea levels to drop. Other observations have caused scientists working on Antarctica to doubt that sea levels will be .pushed upward several metres by sudden melting. For example, glaciologists have discovered that one of the largest ice streams stopped moving about 130 years ago. Ellen Mosley-Thompson, questioning the SeaRlSE theory, notes that ice streams "seem to start and stop, and nobody really knows why." Her own measurements of the rate of snow accumulation near the South Pole show that snowfalls have increased substantially in recent decades as global temperature has increased.DMost researchers are now willing to accept that human activities have contributed to global warming, but no one can say with any assurance whether the Antarctic ice cap is growing or shrinking in response. A satellite being planned by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration will use laser range finders to map changes in the elevation of the polar ice caps, perhaps to within 10 millimetres, and should end the speculation.EWhatever the fate of the polar ice caps may be, most researchers agree that the sea level is currently rising. That, however, is difficult to prove. Tide gauges in ports around the would have been measuring sea levels for decades but the data are flawed because the land to which the gauges are attached can itself be moving up and down. In Stockholm the data from the sea level gauge show the sea level to be falling at four millimetres a year, but that is because all Scandinavia is still rebounding after being crushed by massive glaciers during the last ice age. By contrast, the gauge at Honolulu, which is more stable, shows the sea level to be rising at a rate of one and a half millimeters a year. Unstable regions cannot be omitted from the data because that would eliminate large areas of the world. Most of the eastern seaboard of North America is still settling after a great ice sheet which covered Eastern Canada 20,000 years ago tilted it up. And then there is buckling occurring at the edges of the great tectonic plates as they are pressed against each other. There is also land subsidence as oil and underground water is tapped. In Bangkok, for example, where the residents have been using groundwater, land subsidence makes it appear as if the sea has risen by almost a metre in the past 30 years.FUsing complex calculations on the sea level gauge data, Peltier and Tushingham found that the global sea level has been rising at a rate of 2mm a year over the past few decades. Confirmation came from the TOPEX satellite which used radar altimeters to calculate changes in ocean levels. Steven Nerem, working on the TOPEX data, found an average annual sea level rise of 2mm which is completely compatible with the estimates that have come from 50 years of tide gauge records. The key question still facing researchers is whether this trend will hold steady or begin to accelerate in response to a warming climate. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Changegives the broad prediction for the next century of a rise between 200mm and 1 metre. Questions 1-4Reading Passage I has six sections A-F.Choose the correct heading for sections A, B. C and E from the list of headings below. List of Headingsi Contrary indicationsii Europe's Alpine glaciersiii Growing consensus on sea leveliv Ice cap observationv Causes of rising sea levelsvi Panel on Climate Changevii Sea level monitoring difficultiesviii Group response to alarming predictionsix Stockholm and Scandinaviax The world 130.000 years ago1. Section A2. Section B3. Section C4. Section DQuestions 5-6Complete each sentence with the correct ending A-L from the box below.5. Without ice shelves. West Antarctic ice covers would contract6. SeaRlSE believed the collapse of Antarctic ice had begun7. Doubts over Antarctica's trends will soon be settled8. At Bangkok the sea appears to have risen one metre in 30 yearsA because the land mass is rising.B because ice stream flows are variable and unpredictable.C because Europe's alpine valley glaciers were shrinking.D because of a combination of wind and high tide.E because of geological evidence of an earlier rise.F because satellites will take laser measurements.G because the temperature had risen five degreePassage 2Directions: Give a brief answer to each of the questions listed at the end of the following passage.The cradle rocks above an abyss, and common sense tells us that our existence is but a brief crack of light between two eternities of darkness. Although the two are identical twins, man, as a rule, views the prenatal abyss with more calm than the one he is heading for (at some forty-five hundred heartbeats an hour). I know, however, of a young chronophobiac who experienced something like panic when looking for the first time at homemade movies that had been taken a few weeks before his birth. He saw a world that was practically unchanged - the same house, the same people -and then realized that he did not exist there at all and that nobody mourned his absence. He caught a glimpse of his mother waving from an upstairs window, and that unfamiliar gesture disturbed him, as if it were some mysterious farewell. But what particularly frightened him was the sight of a brand new baby carriage standing there on the porch, with the smug, encroaching air of a coffin; even that was empty, as if, in the reverse course of events, his very bones had disintegrated.Such fancies are not foreign to young lives. Or, to put it otherwise, first and last things often tend to have an adolescent note - unless, possibly, they are directed by some venerable and rigid religion. Nature expects a full-grown man to accept the two black voids, fore and aft, as stolidly as he accepts the extraordinary visions in between. Imagination, the supreme delight of the immortal and the immature, should be limited. In order to enjoy life, we should not enjoy it too much.I rebel against this state of affairs. I feel the urge to take my rebellion outside and picket nature. Over and over again, my mind has made colossal efforts to distinguish the faintest of personal glimmers in the impersonal darkness on both sides of my life. That this darkness is caused merely by the walls of time separating me and by bruised fists from the free world of timelessness is a belief I gladly share with the most gaudily painted savage. I have journeyed back in thought - with thought hopelessly tapering off as I went - to remote regions where I groped for some secret outlet only to discover that the prison of time is spherical and without exists. Short of suicide, I have tried everything. I have doffed my identity in order to pass for a conventional spook and steal into realms that existed before I was conceived. I have mentally endured the degrading company of Victorian lady novelists and retired colonels who remembered having, in former lives, been slave messengers on a Roman road or sages under the willows of Lhasa. I have ransacked my oldest dreams for keys and clues - and let me say at once that I reject completely the vulgar, shabby, fundamentally medieval world of Freud, with its crankish quest for sexual symbols (something like searching for Baconian acrostics in Shakespeare's works) and its bitter little embryos spying,from their natural nooks, upon the love life of their parents.Initially, I was unaware that time, so boundless at first blush, was a prison. In probing my childhood (which is the next best to probing one's eternity) I see the awakening of consciousness as a series of spaced flashes, with the intervals between them gradually diminishing until bright blocks of perception are formed, affording memory a slippery hold. I had learned numbers and speech more or less simultaneously at a very early date, but the inner knowledge that I was I and that my parents were my parents seems to have been established only later, when it was directly associated with my discovering their age in relation to mine. Judging by the strong sunlight that, when I think of that revelation, immediately invades my memory with lobed sun flecks through overlapping patterns of greenery, the occasion may have been my mother's birthday, in late summer, in the country, and I had asked questions and had assessed the answers I received. All this is as it should be according to the theory of recapitulation; the beginning of reflexive consciousness in the brain of our remotest ancestor must surely have coincided with the dawning of the sense of time.Thus, when the newly disclosed, fresh and trim formula of my own age, four, was confronted with the parental formulas, thirty-three and twenty-seven, something happened to me. 1 was given a tremendously invigorating shock. As if subjected to a second baptism, on more divine lines than the Greek Catholic ducking undergone fifty months earlier by a howling, half-drowned half-Victor (my mother, through the half-closed door, behind which an old custom bade parents retreat, managed to correct the bungling archpresbyter, Father Konstantin Vetvenitski), I felt myself plunged abruptly into a radiant and mobile medium that was none other than the pure element of time. One shared it-just as excited bathers share shining seawater-with creatures that were not oneself but that were joined to one by time's common flow, an environment quite different from the spatial world, which not only man but apes and butterflies can perceive. At that instant, I became acutely aware that the twenty-seven-year-old being, in soft white and pink, holding my left hand, was my mother, and that the thirty-three-year-old being, in hard white and gold, holding my right hand, was my father. Between them, as they evenly progressed, I strutted, and trotted, and strutted again, from sun fleck to sun fleck, along the middle of a path, which I easily identity today with an alley of ornamental oaklings in the park of our country estate, Vyra, in the former Province of St. Petersburg, <st1:country-region w:st="on">Russia. Indeed, from my present ridge or remote, isolated, almost uninhabited time, I see my diminutive' self as celebrating, on that August day 1903, the birth of sentient life. If my left-hand-holder and my right-hand-holder had both been present before in my vague infant world, they had been so under the mask of a tender incognito; but now my father's attire, the resplendent uniform of the Horse Guards, with that smooth golden swell of cuirass burning upon his chest and back, came out like the sun, and for several years afterward I remained keenly interested in the age of my parents and kept myself informed about it, like a nervous passenger asking the time in order to check a new watch.My father, let it be noted, had served his term of military training long before I was born, so I suppose he had that day put on the trappings of his old regiment as a festive joke. To a joke, then, I owe my firs gleam of complete consciousness - which again has recapitulatory implications, since the first creatures on earth to become aware of time were also the first creatures to smile.1. How does the author convey the tone of the panic that can be aroused by contemplating the “prenatal abyss”?2. By specific reference to the text, explain the author's statement that "fist and last things oftentend to have an adolescent note."3. Identify all the phrases in this selection that gr ow out of the image of existence as a “brief crack of light between two eternities of darkness.” How literal is this image intended to be? What overtones of experience and myth are there in the image?4. At the end of the fourth paragraph the author writes, “the beginning of reflexive consciousness in the brain of our remotest ancestor must surely have coincided with the dawning of the sense of time." By what logical process does he arrive at this conclusion? Is the process defensible? Is the conclusion trustworthy?英文写作Writing (20 points)You are required to write an article, a minimum of 500 words, with the following topic:DO AS THE ROMANS DO WHILE IN ROME英汉互译。

下列文本都是英文名篇或古典中国诗歌的英文版本，请任选一个评述：1.Outside the room, in the hall, I spoke to the doctor, "Is there anything I cando to-night?""No. There is nothing to do. Can I take you to your hotel?""No, thank you. I am going to stay here a while.""I know there is nothing to say. I cannot tell you--""No," I said. "There's nothing to say.""Good-night," he said. "I cannot take you to your hotel?""No, thank you.""It was the only thing to do," he said. "The operation proved--""I do not want to talk about it," I said."I would like to take you to your hotel.""No, thank you."He went down the hall. I went to the door of the room."You can't come in now," one of the nurses said."Yes I can," I said."You can't come in yet.""You get out," I said. "The other one too."But after I had got them out and shut the door and turned off the light it wasn't any good. It was like saying good-by to a statue. After a while I went out and leftthe hospital and walked back to the hotel in the rain.2.SHE walks in beauty, like the nightOf cloudless climes and starry skies,And all that's best of dark and brightMeets in her aspect and her eyes;Thus mellow'd to that tender lightWhich Heaven to gaudy day denies.One shade the more, one ray the less,Had half impair'd the nameless graceWhich waves in every raven tressOr softly lightens o'er her face, 10Where thoughts serenely sweet expressHow pure, how dear their dwelling-place.And on that cheek and o'er that browSo soft, so calm, yet eloquent,The smiles that win, the tints that glow,But tell of days in goodness spent,—A mind at peace with all below,A heart whose love is innocent.3.Maple Bridge Night MooringMoon set, crow cry, frost fills the sky,River , maples, fishing-fires, cross my troubled sleep, Beyond the walls of Soochow from Cold Mountain temple, The middlenight bell sounds reach my boat.4.In the morning I started on my way from Cang-wu，in the evening i came to the Garden of Paradisei wanted to stay a while in those fairy precincts,but the swift-moving sun was dipping to the west.i ordered Xi-he to stay the sun-steeds' gallop,to stand over Yan-zi mountain and not go in,Long,long had been my road and far,far was the journey:i would go up and down to seek my heart's desire.5. ......Discourses,whatever their status,form,or value,and regardless of our manner of handling them,would unfold in a pervasive anonymity.No longer the tiresomerepetition:"who is the real auther?""Have we proof of his authenticity and originality?""What has he reveled of his most profound self in his language?"New question will be heard:"What are the modes of existence of tis discourse?""Where does it come from;how is it circulated;who controls it?""what placements are determined for possible subjects?""Who can fulfill these diverse functions of the subject?"Behind all these questions we would hear little more than the murmur of indifference:"What matter who's speaking?"中国人民大学2010年研究生入学中国文学综合考试真题今天上午考的有一个填空没想起希望能对明年考试的有用第一题填空共十个十分1-"昔我往矣,杨柳依依;今我来兮,雨雪霏霏"出自2-十四行诗的首创者是意大利诗人3-中世纪英国民族史诗代表4-"采菊东篱下,悠然见南山"的作者5-香菱柳湘莲是哪部作品中的人物6-美国20世纪现实主义作家德莱赛的代表作7-《一地鸡毛》的作者是8-曹禺的成名作9-“美文”是谁提出的二、名词解释每题七分1-古文运动2-意境3-模仿说4-革命样板戏5-浪漫主义三、简答每题十分1、十七年农村题材小说特点2、谈谈对20世纪现代主义文学的认识四、论述三选二每个三十分1、结合作品，论述李清照词的艺术特色2、文学创作与时代精神3、茅盾作品对现代长篇小说体式的贡献。

一、改错1．わたしたちが毎日使っていることばの中には、パン、ミルク、コッブなどのように、主に西洋の国々から入って来て、日本語になったことばがある。

こういうことばを外来語という。

外来語は、外国との行き来や貿易にともなって、その国の文物とともに入って来たものである。

译文：在我们每天使用的单词当中有像“面包”、“牛奶”、“杯”等，主要是来自西欧各国，业己成为日语的单词。

像这样的单词称为外来语。

外来语是随着与外国的交往，贸易的往来，与这些国家的文物一起进来的。

【答案】在我们每天使用的单词当中有像“面包”、“牛奶”、“杯”等，主要是来自西方各国，业己成为日语的单词。

像这样的单词称为外来语。

外来语是随着与外国的交往，贸易的往来，与这些国家的文物一起进来的。

【解析】译文中对「西洋」这一词的翻译不准确，根据历史常识可以得知，「西洋」既包括“欧洲各国”，还包括“美国”等。

因此，译文仅将其限定为“西欧”是不正确的。

2．禅海和尚には虚栄心がなかった。

高位の憎の陥りがちな弊であるが、人物から書画骨董にいたるまでの万般の鑑識眼を恃まれるので、あとで鑑識の誤まりを嗤われぬように、断定的なことを言うまいとする人がある。

もちろん禅僧風の独断を即座に下してみせるが、どちらにも意味のとれるような余地を残しておくのである。

禅海和尚はそうではなかった。

彼が見たまま感じたままを言っていることがよくわかった。

彼|は自分の単純な強い目に映る事物に、ことさら意味を求めたりすることはなかった。

意味はあってもよく、なくてもよい。

译文：禅海大和尚不慕虚荣，虽然在声誉高的方丈身上这是极易出现的通病。

一股人总是从交友到鉴赏书画古董，万般皆凭所谓的鉴识眼；所以生怕贻笑大方，从来不肯说句肯定的话。

纵然有时也带有禅僧的独断与顿悟，总还是要留有灵活解脱的余地来。

禅海却不这样，他是怎么想就怎么说，看事情全凭自己单纯的透视、解析，概不另求是否还有什么其它意义。

【答案】禅海和尚没有虚荣心。

中国人民大学英语专业历年真题2014年815 英美文学试题A版本(由14 年试题可看到往年试题的影子。

)Ⅰ.Blankfilling.（20*1）1.TheimportanteventsintheearlypartofEnglishhistoryareRomanConquest,_____ConquestandNormanConquestinsequence,whichexertgreatinfluenceonthed evelopmentofEnglandandEnglishlanguages.(英语专业考研考点精梳与精炼第一章第一句)2.F．ScottFitzgerald’sfirstnovelis_____.3.Pionners’heroine/hero_____depictthefullyoftheAmerican……4．Hemingway’snovel_____setinSpanishCivilWar……5._____istheforemostnovelistduringtheGreatDepression.6.Beowulfisthe……7.GeoffreyChaucer’sTheCanterburyTaleswrittenin……8.ThomasMore’s_____waswritteninLatin.9.SamuelLanghorneClemenswasthepennameof_____.Ⅱ.Terms1.Sonnet2.WessexNovel3.HistoricalNovel4.PsychologicalrealismⅢ.简答1.Whydoesdramabecomeflourishingin theElizabethanPeriod？2.WhydoesIsabelleArcherdoesnotaccepttheloveofherAmericansuitorCor saandrejoinwithherhusbandandchildren?3.WhydidPrufrockhesitateallthetimewhileproposingtoaladyintheupper society?4.What’sthethemeofJohnMilton’sParadiseLost?Ⅳ.问答1.DescribeandcommentonShakespeare’sfourperiodsofdramacareer.（吴伟仁英国文学选读为三段，但罗经国新编英国文学选读上是fourperiods。

2018 年上外高翻 MTI 研究生统考《汉语百科知识》考题完整版百科知识（一）选择题1.能表演“掌上舞”是古代哪位美女？（几个选项是：貂蝉，西施，赵飞燕，杨玉环）2.《史记》中“世家”是给什么人做的传？（帝王，王侯，将士，还有一个忘了。

）3.“孔雀东南飞”和___并称诗歌史上的“双壁：4.“菊月”是指哪一个月？5.“红肥绿瘦”是指什么季节？6.“司空见惯”中“司空”是指？ A唐朝的一位诗人 B唐朝的一位高僧 C一个官职7.下面哪一个是武松所为？A倒拔垂杨柳 B汴京城卖刀 C醉打蒋门神8.“名花解语”是指什么？9.“程门立雪”是为了什么？A拜访 B请罪 C道谢 D拜别10.一知半解又爱炫耀的人我们通常用什么词语形容？A半截剑 B半段枪 C半面 D半瓶醋11.“七月流火”形容的是？ A炎炎夏日 B夏去秋来 C春去秋来 D秋去冬来12.“汗流浃背”是为了什么？13.京剧中，性格活泼的青年女性是？ A青衣 B花旦 C彩旦14. “杨柳”是？ A一种植物 B两种植物 C与植物无关15“成也萧何败萧何”指的是哪位历史人物？（二）成语解释精卫填海来龙去脉初出茅庐韬光养晦斯芬克之谜2018英语专业考研备考精华资料史上最全最有效大家论坛原创基础英语英汉互译二外语言学英美文学英美文化学校真题汇总等热门必备的辅导书：基础与综合英语[基础英语] 2018英语专业考研考点精梳与精练基础英语[大家网]英语专业考研名校全真试卷基础英语 07到 10年真卷与解读下载[大家网]2018英语专业基础英语考研真题详解.圣才.2018年版[大家网]2018英语专业基础英语考研真题详解.金圣才. 2009出版[大家网]09年版.英语专业考研基础英语高分突破.吴中东.宫玉波[大家网]10年题解英语专业考研过关必备 3000词 PDF.金圣才版1[大家网]英语专业考研核心词汇.pdf.宫玉波.09版[大家网]题解英语专业考研过关必备 3000词[大家网]读者的选择阅读手册[大家网]读者的选择第 4版英文版[大家网]谈语言写作读本英汉互译：[大家网]2018英语专业英汉互译考研真题与典型题详解.圣才考研网编[大家网]星火英语专业考研名校全真试卷精解英汉互译（2018）[大家网]2018年英语专业考研名校全真题精解.英汉互译.郭棲庆.10年版重点推荐资料：点击下载！英语专业考研（最全最新！） /thread-2407892-1-1.html 基础英语汇总：各校基础英语真题资料汇总英美文学：各校英美文学真题汇总二外：英研二外资料——日语、法语、德语、俄语、西班牙语等汇总学校真题汇总：中国人民大学英语专业考研真题汇总！中国矿业大学英语专业考研资料汇总！上海外国语大学北京外语国大学资料汇总华中师范大学英语专业考研--汇总华中科技大学英语专业考研资料汇总广东外语外贸大学深圳大学的真题汇总南开大学英语专业考研真题汇总中山大学资料汇总暨南大学资料北京航空航天大学英语专业考研真题资料西安外国语大学英语专业考研真题汇总河海大学英语专业考研真题资料汇总中国海洋大学英语专业考研资料小汇武汉理工大学英语专业考研资料汇总武汉大学英语专业考研资料汇总苏州大学英语专业考研资料北京师范大学英语专业考研资料汇总西安外国语大学英语专业考研真题汇总四川大学英语专业考研真题资料汇总！2南京大学英语专业考研资料中南大学二外法语 01年到 07年真题 pdf翻译资料：全日制翻译硕士专业学位 MTI研究生入学考试指南外事翻译口译和笔译技巧.rar下载[大家网]新编当代翻译理论刘宓庆著下载[大家网]英汉翻译综合教程[大家网]西方译学理论辑要下载[大家网]英语翻译理论与实践论文集下载[大家网]外事翻译口译和笔译技巧.rar下载汉语成语典故谚语与歇后语英语翻译全国 68所院校英汉互译试卷分析英语专业考研翻译超全面的笔记~英语专业考研各大院校题型对比分析 pdf英语修辞手法经济学人文本许渊冲与翻译艺术.张智中.扫描版散文佳作 108篇汉英英汉对照报刊英语单词精华经济指标名词解释真题：基础英语汇总：各校基础英语真题资料汇总英美文学：各校英美文学真题汇总二外：英研二外资料——日语法语德语俄语西班牙语等汇总语言学方面真题：汇总中中南大学 2006年英语语言文学与文化综合知识真题四川外语学院 01-06年英语语言文学真题长安大学 2007年英语语言学真题四川外国语大学英语专业 2006年考研真题翻译真题：汇总中广外英语专业历年初试真题水平+翻译与写作武汉大学 2009综合英语汉译英真题及参考答案南京大学 2007基础英语汉译英及参考答案文本及 pdf广外 10年写作与翻译真题3上外 01-08年英汉互译真题外交学院翻译真题及答案杭州师范大学 2018年硕士生招生入学考试科目和参考书目9.天津地区院校英专考研翻译真题8.上海地区院校英专考研翻译真题7.陕西地区院校英专考研翻译真题6.江苏地区院校英专考研翻译真题5.湖北地区院校英专考研翻译真题4.广东地区院校英专考研翻译真题3.福建地区院校英专考研翻译真题[大家网]2.东北地区院校英专考研翻译真题.pdf[大家网]1.北京地区院校英专考研翻译真题.pdf[大家网]高级英语第一册第二册教材及教师用书 rar下载孙亦丽--大学英语精读学习精要--第一册第二册第三册 pdf下载【大家论坛】传播学原理 2009年版张国良全日制翻译硕士专业学位 MTI研究生入学考试指南英语专业考研名校全真试卷基础英语 07到年真卷与解读下载英语专业考研核心词汇.pdf.宫玉波.09版孙亦丽--大学英语精读学习精要--第一册第二册第三册 pdf下载高级英语第二册教材及教师用书第一册 rar下载MTI之 2018中文百科-keys（杭州小蚩尤尝鲜版）1.汉宫飞燕赵飞燕身材轻盈，有人认为是古代芭蕾的雏形。

2008年中国人民大学外国留学生本科入学考试—英语试卷第I卷（选择题，共85分）注意事项：1. 考生务必将自己的姓名和准考证号填写在答题纸上。

2. 每小题选出答案后，请在答题纸上对应题目号下方的方框内填写答案。

如需改动，先将错误答案划掉，然后请在方框内或旁边重新填写正确答案。

答案填写在试卷上将不计入成绩。

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1.– Do you think it is going to rain over the weekend?-- ________________________________________A. I don‘t believeB. I do believeC. I believe not soD. I believe not2. A left-luggage office is a place where bags ___ be left for a short time, especially at a railwaystation.A. shouldB. canC. must.D. will3.If the work ______ by the end of the month is delayed, the construction company will be fined.A. being completedB. have been completedC. to be completedD. will be completed4.You can‘t imagine ______ when they heard the news ____ the Chinese team won.A. how they were excited; thatB. how excited they were; thatC. how excited were they; whichD. they were how excited; which5.--What are you doing here?--Oh, my teacher asked me to write a passage about _______ in English.--You can write ____________ passage in English?A. 600-word; 600-wordsB. 600-word; 600 wordsC. 600 words; a 600-wordD. 600 words; a 600-words6.It is so nice to hear from her. _________________, we last met more than thirty year agoA. What‘s moreB. That is so sayC. In other wordsD. Believe it or not7.She never came again, ___________________ to apologize.A. nor did she wroteB. nor did she writeC. nor she wrote.D. nor she write8.--Have you seen ___________ lady‘s handbag on the counter? I left it here a moment ago.--What color is _______ bag? We found one really.A. the; aB. a: theC. a: aD. the; the9.--Hi, Jack! Long time no see. How are you?--Oh, Martin! I ____________ you, I am fineA. don‘t recognizeB. didn‘t recognizeC. have n‘t recognizedD. hadn‘t recognize10.We have to __________ the practical measures to prevent the air pollution.A. put up withB. fed up withC. come up withD. catch up with11.Mary is going to study abroad next year, _________, for sure, delights everyone.A. whoB. thatC. thisD. which12.It is _________ he often breaks the school rule _________ makes his head teacher unsatisfiedwith him.A. what; thatB. that; whatC. that; thatD. which; that13.More and more people choose to shop in a supermarket as it offers a great ____ of goodsA. varietyB. mixtureC. extensionD. combination14.I had thought that he was a good man, but later he turned _______ to be a spy.A. offB. onC. inD. out15.She won‘t leave the TV set, ____ her husband and children are waiting for her for supper.A. as ifB. even ifC. onceD. so long as第二节完型填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选型中，选出最佳选项To me, a singer is someone who finds his voice at an early age. That was n‘t my 16 . I treated music in a very casual way. I was much more interested in 17 . Then everything changed on the day before I 18 20.I was driving with some friends when my car 19 . My spinal cord (脊髓) was damaged. My nerves (神经) were compressed (被压缩的), 20 my lower body. I could n‘t walk and also had trouble with my 21 . My father, a lawyer, quit his job for a year to take care of me.It took long for me to recover 22 , I had to learn how to walk again. With each 23 I took, I was sweating like crazy. My soccer-playing days were over 24 , But I would be in the wheelchair today 25 I hadn‘t got my father‘s care.During my recuperation (复原，恢复), I listened to 26 on the radio. When given a guitar to practice 27 my fingers, I started strumming (弹奏) the instrument and 28 my own song, Life Goes On. My father liked it very much when I sang it for him. Then, after I 29 about a national singing competition, I said to him, ‗I am going to enter it‘.He was 30 . Music as a career was still completely 31 to him. He didn‘t think I would become a professional singer; no one in my family had 32 been. But he didn‘t say no. He gave me his 33 . And when I was almost 25 years old, I entered the contest and sang thesong I has written.And I won. I recorded the song, and soon I started to hear 34 singing all over the radio. My song became a No. 1 Hit in my county. 35 , I began my singing career.16.A. judgment B. opinion C. situation D. expectation.17.A. medicine B. sports C. business D. law.18.A. became B. grew C. turned D. started.19.A. broke down B. rolled over C. ran out D. burned up.20.A. cutting B. disturbing C. blocking D. affecting.21.A. neck B. feet C. arms D. hands.22.A. entirely B. naturally C. smoothly D. safely.23.A. measure B. attempt C. step D. treatment.24.A. in a way B. for sure C. at the same time D. before long.25.A. if only B. since C. if D. in case.26.A. news B. programmers C. reports D. music.27.A. opening B. moving C. showing D. matching.28.A. recorded B. recalled C. enjoyed D. wrote.29.A. talked B. learned C. thought D. checked.30.A. cautious B. angry C. curious D. interested.31.A. puzzled. B. foreign C. difficult D. secret.32.A. never . B. even C. ever D. still.33.A. instruction. B. introduction C. permission D. explanation.34.A. my song. B. my fans C. themselves D. myself.35.A. However. B. Thus C. Meanwhile D. Moreover.第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项AThere was a time when, if a lady got into a crowded bus or train, a gentleman would immediately stand up and offer his seat. But now, things are different. Today a gentleman will probably look out of the window, or if he feels a bit shy, hide behind his newspaper. Either way, the lady will have to stand until someone else gets off.You can‘t entirely blame men for this change in manners, though. Gone are the days when women could be referred to as weaker ones without causing trouble. A whole generation of women has grown up demanding equality with men, not just equality in jobs or education, but in social life. Hold a door open for some women and you are likely to get an angry lecture on treating women as the weak who are unable to open doors for themselves. Take a girl out for a meal and she willprobably insist on paying her share (份额) of the bill. On second thoughts, that is perhaps not a bad idea.It is no wonder that men have given up some ways of politeness and consideration (考虑) which they used to show towards women. On the other hand, the man‘s active politeness is perhaps slowly being replaced by true consideration for the needs and feelings of women, so that men can see women as equal human beings, rather than as weaker ones or something that can be used to please (取悦) men.36.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Gentlemen are considered impolite nowadays if they do not offer their seats to a standing woman.B. A good gentleman who doesn‘t give his seat to a standing woman should be blamed.C. Today women do not enjoy the politeness shown actively to her by men but they considered it pleasant in the past.D. In order to be equal with men, women have to stand in a bus or train.37.A woman may get angry if a man holds a door open for her because _______________.A. she does n‘t like him to pay too much attention to all her needs.B. women enjoy opening the door themselvesC. she feels herself treated as weaker personD. she thinks it impolite for a man to do so.38.What do women really need today?A. Men‘s active politeness and considerationB. Men‘s true consideration for the needs and feeling of women.C. Trying to win men‘s favor.D. Men‘s good manners such as offering their seats and opening the door, etc.39.The writer most probably is ________________________.A. a man who thinks the changes are reasonable.B. a woman who wants equality.C. a man who does n‘t agree with the changes today.D. a woman who doesn‘t agree with changes today.BAre you doing all you can to recycle your rubbish? It takes only a minute to recycle and help reduce waste in your home as well as the costs of waste management. Here are some ideas to get you started.A) Never throw away vegetable matter. Start a compost（混合肥料）bin in your garden. You‘llbe amazed how much this can reduce the bulk（体积）of your rubbish and it‘s great for the garden too.B) Don‘t throw used containers in the rubbish. Get into the habit of sorting them into recyclingcategories （class or group of things）—glass, aluminum（铝）,plastics and paper.C) Glass containers can be placed in the bottle banks at supermarket car parks throughout thecity. Look for the big green bins. Or you can leave your bottles out for collection on Monday morning.D) Aluminum cans can earn you cash so don‘t just throw them away—save them and savemoney. Ring your council to find out when they collect.E) Paper is easily recycled. Weekly collections are common in most areas. Make sure you placerecyclable paper in the black bins provided. Ask the council offices if you don‘t already have a bin. But remember, waxed paper is not accepted.F) Most plastic bottles and containers can be recycled. Look on the bottom of the container forthe identification（识别）code.40．The following four pictures are mentioned in .A．Item A，C，D，F B．Item A，B，D，FC．Item B，D，E，F D．Item B，C，D，E41．You can make money by saving .A．paper B．glass bottles C．plastic bottles D．aluminum cans 42．Which of the following statements is true to the facts about waste management?A．All paper can be recycled.B．The recycling code is found on the side of plastic bottles.C．All plastic containers can‘t be recycled.D．You can put glass containers in the park.CWELCOME TO CELSThe Certificates in English Languages Skills(CELS) are a set of modular tests that allow you to test in one or more of the four languages skills, or combine tests at different levels.Tests are available at three levels: CELS Higher, CELS Vantage and CELS Preliminary.So, if, for example, you are particularly good at reading but have difficulty in speaking English, you could take a CELS Higher test in Reading, CELS Vantage tests in Listening and Writing, and, for speaking, a CELS Preliminary test. Or you could decide not to take a speaking test at all.These are linked to other Cambridge ESOL examination levels, such as the First Certificate in English(FCE). CELS is also accredited(授权) as part of the UK National Qualifications Framework(NK NQF).For more information on these, you can download a copy of the CELS Handbook from Cambridge Esol website at www. Cambridgeesol. com. You can also visit www. alte. org for an overview of the ―Can Do" statements, which specify(详细说明) what you are expected to be able to do at each levels.43. CELS is _______________.A. able to be used for all kinds of testsB. suitable for the people all over the worldC. made up of CELS Higher, CELS Vantage and CELS PreliminaryD. to test your spoken English44. FCE is a part of ____________ .A. CELS HigherB. Cambridge ESOLC.CELS VantageD.CELS Preliminary45. If you'd like to know more about CELS you can .A. write a letterB. telephone the UKC. buy a book about itD. visit the internet46.“Can Do”in the last paragraph ________________.A. is a sub-title of a passage of informationB. contains information on the UK NQFC. is the name of a websiteD. can tell you what you can do in language study47. This passage is __________.A. written for all language learnersB. an advertisementC. a storyD. a careful introduction to CELSNot much is known about the earliest London Bridge although its location is thought to be near the present one. The second bridge, a wooden one existing in Saxon times seems to have given rise to the nursery rhyme(童谣) 'London Bridge is falling down' which it did in 1014. In 1176 the first stone bridge was constructed. Houses sprung up on both sides of the bridge and stood until it was pulled down in 1831, making way for a more elegant, classic structure. This bridge was replaced in 1967 as it could no longer cope with (应付)the amount of traffic. The present London Bridge is more 100 feet wide.The London Bridge before the current one was bought in the 1960s by the McCulloch Oil Corporation of California, which reconstructed it at Lake Havasu City, in a corner of America's Arizona Desert. There is a rumour(传闻) saying that McCulloch's believed they were buying the much more spectacular(引人入胜的) Tower Bridge.The Construction of Tower Bridge began in 1885 and it was opened 9years later by Edward VII, the then Prince of Wales. It is the only bridge in London that can be raised to allow ships to pass. Since the Thames is no longer used much as a trade and shipping route, the complex(复杂的) lifting mechanism is only used 4 or 5 times a week. The Tower Bridge is often mistaken for London Bridge, which is dull in comparison. Tower Bridge is one of the finest, most recognizable bridges in the world, on which you can enjoy breath-taking views of London.48. What do we know about the earliest London Bridge from the text?A. It was built in Saxon times and was made of wood.B. It was made of wood and near the location of the current one.C. The song ―London Bridge is falling down‖ was based on this bridge.D. People don‘t know much about it besides its location was near the present one.49. How many London Bridges were there before the current one?A. Five.B. Four.C. Three.D. Two50. Why did the McCulloch Oil Corporation buy the previous London Bridge?A. Because they believed this London Bridge was the most spectacular bridge in London.B. Because they thought what they were buying was the Tower Bridge.C. Because they believed they could use it to cope with the growing amount of traffic.D. Because they wanted the American people to be able to visit the London bridge in their owncountry.51. From the passage, we can infer that ___________.A. the London Bridge is less spectacular than the Tower BridgeB. the London Bridge is more spectacular than the Tower BridgeC. both the London Bridge and the Tower Bridge can be raised to allow ships to passD. neither the London Bridge nor the Tower Bridge can be raised to allow ships to passIn Tanzania, Africa, a chimp (黑猩猩) didn‘t feel well. She fell heavily. Then, the sick chimp crawled over to a bush and picked some leaves. She swallowed the juicy parts of the plant's stems(茎干). By the next afternoon, the chimp was as good as new!Biologists watching the chimp were surprised. Somehow, the plant had cured the chimp! Did the chimp know the plal1t would make her feel better? or was it just a lucky accident?Many scientists don't think it has anything to do with luck. They are discovering that some animals seem to use plants to "cure" the1nselves. And these animals are leading science to new plants that could cure humans !Dr. Richard, an anthropologist(人类学家) at Harvard University agrees that animal may know something we don't about forest plants."You must know a 1ot about an animal's feeding habits to know what it doesn't consider food.‖ Richard explains. Every morning, he saw that most chimps ate fruit near their nests. Later on, they ate on leaves.When he noticed chimps eating the leaves of a plant they usually ignored(忽视), Richard thought something interesting was going on especially when he saw that they'd sometimes walk for 20 minutes to find the plant. Another odd(奇怪的) thing that caught his eye was bow they ate the bitter 1eaves."They swallowed the leaves whole," explains Richard, noting that chimps usually chew their food well. "They seemed to rub the leaves around the roofs of their mouths. It looked as if they did not like to eat the leaves. They wrinkled(皱) their noses and swallowed slowly. They gulped (吞咽)with their eyes shut." Once he even saw one chimp throw up after swallowing the leaves.Richard wondered what could be so good about something that tasted so bad. He even tasted the leaves himself. "They are large and rough. I can't imagine swallowing them whole.‖Richard had a chemist analyze(分析) on the leaves. He discovered that the leaves contain a red oil that kills different parasites(寄生虫). some of which can make the chimps sick. Later tests showed that the oil might even fight cancer and the AIDS virus!52. The article is mainly about _____.A. the danger of the parasitesB. how chimps use plants to cure themselvesC. why chimps get sick D how scientists used the plants to deal with cancer and Aids53. The best title for this article could be _______.A. Useful Plants in TanzaniaB. Wise ScientistsC. Caring ChimpsD. Animal Doctors54. The underlined sentence means that ______.A. only the newly born chimp was goodB. the chimp was no longer sickC. the chimp came to itselfD. the chimp was as tamed as a newly born one55. From the article you can infer that _______.A. all the scientists like to watch animalsB. chimps seem to know why they are eating the 1eavesC. chimps are cleverer than human beingsD. scientists have found the ways to cure cancer第II卷（共15分）注意事项：1. 用钢笔或圆珠笔答在答题纸的指定位置。

各大学英研方向，考试科目及参考书目中国人民大学外国语学院英语语言文2008年研究生入学专业目录研究方向：01英美文学02英语语言学与英语教学03翻译理论与实践04英语国家文化03翻译理论与实践科目一政治101 科目二226二外俄语或227二外日语或228二外德语或229二外法语科目三基础英语618 科目四翻译理论与实践8221 《当代西方翻译理论探索》廖七一译林出版社20002 《跨文化交际》金惠康中国对外翻译出版公司20033 《英汉翻译手册》倜西、董乐山商务印书馆20024 二外法语：《新大学法语》李志清高等教育出版社20035 二外德语：《新求精德语》初级1、2；中级1 王晓明同济大学出版社20036 二外日语：中日交流《标准日本语》初级上下、中级上人民教育出版社7 二外俄语：《大学俄语简明教程》张宝钤钱晓蕙高等教育出版社北京航空航天大学外语语言系英语语言文学2009年研究生入学专业目录研究方向：01 英美文学02 比较文学初试科目：①101政治②222俄语二外或223日语二外或224德语二外或225法语二外③721基础英语④822英美文学北京航空航天大学外语语言系英语语言文学2009年研究生入学参考书目822 英美文学《英国文学简史》河南人民出版社（1993年4月）刘炳善《英国文学选读》上海译文出版社（1981年）杨岂深《美国文学简史》南开大学出版社（2004年3月第二版）常耀信《美国文学选读》南开大学出版社(2002年9月) 常耀信721 基础英语不根据某一种教科书命题北京交通大学人文与社会科学学院英语语言文学2008年研究生入学专业目录研究方向：01英美文学研究02翻译理论与实践03西方文论研究04 浪漫主义文学研究初试科目：①101政治②211德语（二外）或212俄语（二外）或213法语（二外）或214 日语（二外）③610语言学与英美文学④851专业综合考试复试备注：复试科目：笔试部分：高级词汇、文论评述、散文翻译、论文（提供材料，写出一篇小论文）口试部分：语言学、文学专业知识面试、（二外）听力和口语北京交通大学人文与社会科学学院英语语言文学2008年研究生入学参考书目610语言学与英美文学《语言学教程》（修订版）北京大学出版社胡壮麟主编《美国文学简史》南开大学出版社常耀信《英国文学简读教程》清华大学出版社宫玉波851专业综合考试《英美文化基础教程》北京外研社朱永涛《实用翻译教程》高教出版社冯庆华北京理工大学外国语学院英语语言文学2008年研究生入学专业目录研究方向：01 英语文体学02 英美文学03 翻译理论与实践初试科目：①101政治②212俄语或213日语或214德语③616基础英语④854英语专业综合(语言学、英美文学、英美概况)复试备注：笔试科目北京理工大学外国语学院英语语言文学2008年研究生入学参考书目616基础英语无参考书目854英语专业综合(语言学、英美文学、英美概况)《语言学教程》北京大学出版社胡壮麟《英国文学史及选读》1、2册外语教学与研究出版社吴伟仁《美国文学史及选读》1、2册外语教学与研究出版社吴伟仁《英语国家社会与文化入门》上、下册高等教育出版社朱永涛北京科技大学外国语学院英语语言文学2008年研究生入学专业目录研究方向：01英汉语言对比分析02心理语言学03应用语言学与外语教学04社会语言学05系统功能语言学06语用学07翻译理论与实践研究初试科目：①101政治理论②213日语(二外)或214俄语(二外)或215德语(二外)或216法语(二外)③618基础英语④874综合英语北京科技大学外国语学院英语语言文学2008年研究生入学参考书目874综合英语《英语国家概况》(第二版) 外语教学研究出版社余志远主编;《美国文学简史》(第二版) 南开大学出版社常耀信主编;《语言学教程》(2001版) 北京大学出版社胡壮麟主编;《新编英国文学选读》(修订版) 北京大学出版社罗经国主编618基础英语《本课程为水平考试》不依据任何一教科书命题北京邮电大学语言学院英语语言文学2008年研究生入学专业目录研究方向：01英美文学02翻译初试科目：①101统考政治②212日语二外或213法语二外或214俄语二外③614英语语言基础④817英语语言学与文学基础北京邮电大学语言学院英语语言文学2008年研究生入学参考书目212日语二外《中日交流标准日本语》（初级1、2册，中级1、2册）人民教育出版社中日合作编写213法语二外《大学法语简明教程》外语教学与研究出版社（近年版）薛建成《法语TEF考试冲刺教程》（上、下）外语教学与研究出版社2003年1月童佩智《研究生法语》（第二外语）下册北京大学出版社王庭荣614英语语言基础《高级英语》（修订本）外语教学与研究出版社（第一版）张汉熙，王立礼《Reader’s Choice》世界图书出版公司（第三版）E.Margaret.Bandoin等817英语语言学与文学基础《语言学教程》（修订版）北京大学出版社2001年第一版胡壮麟《美国文学选读》高等教育出版社（2001年）陶洁《英国文学选读》高等教育出版社（2001年）王守仁对外经济贸易大学英语学院英语语言文学2008年研究生入学专业目录研究方向：01语言学02英美文学03英语国家研究初试科目：①101政治理论②272二外俄语或273二外法语或274二外德语或275二外日语或277二外西语③761基础英语④861综合英语对外经济贸易大学英语学院英语语言文学2008年研究生入学参考书目《高级英语》（1-2册）外语教学与研究出版社张汉熙《商务英语阅读》高等教育出版社2002 王关富《英语国家社会与文化入门》高等教育出版社1998 朱永涛《大学英汉翻译教程》（第二版）对外经济贸易大学出版社2004 王恩冕等《简明法语教程》（上、下册）商务印书馆1996 孙辉标准日本语（初级上下册、中级上册）人民教育出版社1990北京外国语大学英语学院英语语言文学2009年研究生入学专业目录研究方向：翻译理论与实践（笔译）1、Bassnett, Susan. 《翻译研究》Translation Studies. 上海外语教育出版社.2004.2、Gentzler, Edwin .《当代翻译理论（第二版修订本）》Contemporary Translation Theories (Revised Second Edition). 上海外语教育出版社.2004.3、Newmark, Peter.《翻译教程》A Textbook of Translation. 上海外语教育出版社.2001北京第二外国语大学英语系英语语言文学2008年研究生入学专业目录研究方向：01英美社会文化02理论语言学及应用语言学03英美文学04翻译理论与实践初试科目：212日213法214德215俄216西（任选）611 基础英语811 综合考试（英1）复试备注：1. 611基础英语：语法、词汇30分、完形填空30分、阅读理解30分、段落翻译30分、命题作文30分。

2．中国人民大学语言学考研真题及参考答案（2002～2007）中国人民大学2007年语言学考研真题考试科目：专业英语I. Fill in the blanks with the right linguistic concepts (10 points).1.Human language is arbitrary. This refers to the fact that there is no logical or intrinsic connection between a particular sound and the ______ it is associated with. 【答案】meaning2. ______ is a type of word-formation by which a shorter word is coined by the deletion of a supposed affix of a longer form already present in the language. For example，the verb edit was formed from editor by dropping the supposed derivational suffix -or.【答案】Back-formation3.Some morphemes like –ish,-ness，-ly，-dis，trans-.un-are never words by themselves but are always parts of words. These affixes are ______ morphemes. 【答案】bound4. ______ can be defined as the study of language in use. Sociolinguistics, on the other hand, attempts to show the relationship between language and society. 【答案】Pragmatics5. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is ______ and parole. The former is the French word for “language”, which is the abstract knowledge necessary for speaking，listening，writing and reading. The lager is concerned about the actual use of language by people in speech or writing. Parole is more variable and may change according to contextual factors.【答案】langue6. H.P.Grice believes that there is a set of assumptions guiding the conduct of conversation. This is what he calls the Cooperative Principle. According to the maximum of ______: Do not say what you believe to be false or for which you lack evidence. In other words，speak truthfully; do not lie.【答案】quality7. ______ proposes that every speaker knows a set of principals which apply to all languages and also a set of parameters that can vary from one language to another, but only within certain limits.【答案】Generative Grammar8. ______ refers to varieties of a language used by individual speakers，with peculiarities of pronunciation，grammar and vocabulary. In fact，no two speakers speak exactly the same dialect. Each speaker has certain characteristic features of his own in his way of speaking.【答案】Idiolect9.According to ______ period hypothesis，in child development there is a period during which language can be acquired more easily than at any other time. The period lasts until puberty (around age 12 or 13 years), and is due to biological development.【答案】Critical10. ______ refers to ties and connections which exist within texts. They are also called formal links between sentences and between clauses.【答案】CohesionII. Give short answer to the following questions (10 points)I. Explain criterion-referenced and norm-referenced language tests.【答案】Tests can be categorized into two major groups: norm-referenced tests andcriterion-referenced tests. These two tests differ in their intended purposes, the way in which content is selected, and the scoring process which defines how the test results must be interpreted.A test that measures student knowledge and understanding in relation to specific standards or performance objectives is called criterion-referenced testing (CRT). It measures students’ performance in relation to standards, not in relation to other students; all students may earn the highest grade if all meet the established performance criteria. CRTs report how well students are doing relative to a pre-determined performance level on a specified set of educational goals or outcomes included in the school, district, or state curriculum.A test designed to measure and compare individual students’ performances or text results to those of an appropriate peer group (that is, norm group) at the classroom, local or, national level is called norm-referenced testing (NRT). Students with the best performance on a given assessment receive the highest grades. It is generally used to help teachers select students for different ability level reading or mathematics instructional groups.2. Explain the seven types of meaning and use examples to illustrate your ideas. 【答案】The seven types of meaning were first postulated by G. Leech. They are respectively illustrated as follows:(1) Conceptual meaning, which refers to logical, cognitive, or denotative content. This type of meaning is “denotative”in that it is concerned with the relationship between a word and the thing it denotes, or refers to. It overlaps to a large extent to the concept of reference, but Leech also uses the short form “sense”for the same indication. So Leech’s conceptual meaning contains two parts: sense and reference.(2) Connotative meaning, what is communicated by virtue of what language refers to. It refers to some additional, especially emotive, meaning.(3) Social meaning, referring to what is communicated of the social circumstances of language use.(4) Affective meaning, which refers to what is communicated of the feelings and attitudes of the speaker/writer.(5) Reflected meaning, which refers to what is communicated through association with another sense of the same expression.(6) Collocative meaning, what is communicated through association with words which tend to occur in the environment of another word.The five types of meanings from (2) to (6) are collectively known as Associative meaning in the sense that an elementary associationist theory of mental connections is enough to explain their use.(7) Thematic meaning, what is communicated by the way in which the message is organized in terms of order and emphasis. It is more peripheral since it is onlydetermined by the order of the words in a sentence and the different prominence they each receive.III. Read the following passage carefully and then state your own position concerning the use of knowing some linguistics. (10 points)One famous scholar says that language is an interesting subject to study on its own right, for the simple reason that everybody uses it every day. It is unbelievable that we know very little about something we are so familiar with. Just a few questions will arouse our interest in language. Why should we call the thing we sit on chair? Can’t we call chair table and table chair? How is it that children don’t seem to make a big effort in learning their first language while we adults have to work very hard to learn a second language? Why can we talk about yesterday and last year while cats and dogs never seem to make noises about their past experience? Do you think we can think as clearly without language as with language? Does language determine what we think or thought determines what we say? These questions make us curious about language and linguistics can satisfy our curiosity. To seek the answer to any of these questions is a good reason for studying linguistics.【答案】Language is essential to human beings; it plays a central role in our lives as individual and social beings. We have to be fully aware of the nature and mechanism of our language, or we will be ignorant of what constitutes our essential。

2018 年上外高翻 MTI 研究生统考《汉语百科知识》考题完整版百科知识（一）选择题1.能表演“掌上舞”是古代哪位美女？（几个选项是：貂蝉，西施，赵飞燕，杨玉环）2.《史记》中“世家”是给什么人做的传？（帝王，王侯，将士，还有一个忘了。

）3.“孔雀东南飞”和___并称诗歌史上的“双壁：4.“菊月”是指哪一个月？5.“红肥绿瘦”是指什么季节？6.“司空见惯”中“司空”是指？ A唐朝的一位诗人 B唐朝的一位高僧 C一个官职7.下面哪一个是武松所为？A倒拔垂杨柳 B汴京城卖刀 C醉打蒋门神8.“名花解语”是指什么？9.“程门立雪”是为了什么？A拜访 B请罪 C道谢 D拜别10.一知半解又爱炫耀的人我们通常用什么词语形容？A半截剑 B半段枪 C半面 D半瓶醋11.“七月流火”形容的是？ A炎炎夏日 B夏去秋来 C春去秋来 D秋去冬来12.“汗流浃背”是为了什么？13.京剧中，性格活泼的青年女性是？ A青衣 B花旦 C彩旦14. “杨柳”是？ A一种植物 B两种植物 C与植物无关15“成也萧何败萧何”指的是哪位历史人物？（二）成语解释精卫填海来龙去脉初出茅庐韬光养晦斯芬克之谜2018英语专业考研备考精华资料史上最全最有效大家论坛原创基础英语英汉互译二外语言学英美文学英美文化学校真题汇总等热门必备的辅导书：基础与综合英语[基础英语] 2018英语专业考研考点精梳与精练基础英语[大家网]英语专业考研名校全真试卷基础英语 07到 10年真卷与解读下载[大家网]2018英语专业基础英语考研真题详解.圣才.2018年版[大家网]2018英语专业基础英语考研真题详解.金圣才. 2009出版[大家网]09年版.英语专业考研基础英语高分突破.吴中东.宫玉波[大家网]10年题解英语专业考研过关必备 3000词 PDF.金圣才版1[大家网]英语专业考研核心词汇.pdf.宫玉波.09版[大家网]题解英语专业考研过关必备 3000词[大家网]读者的选择阅读手册[大家网]读者的选择第 4版英文版[大家网]谈语言写作读本英汉互译：[大家网]2018英语专业英汉互译考研真题与典型题详解.圣才考研网编[大家网]星火英语专业考研名校全真试卷精解英汉互译（2018）[大家网]2018年英语专业考研名校全真题精解.英汉互译.郭棲庆.10年版重点推荐资料：点击下载！英语专业考研（最全最新！） /thread-2407892-1-1.html 基础英语汇总：各校基础英语真题资料汇总英美文学：各校英美文学真题汇总二外：英研二外资料——日语、法语、德语、俄语、西班牙语等汇总学校真题汇总：中国人民大学英语专业考研真题汇总！中国矿业大学英语专业考研资料汇总！上海外国语大学北京外语国大学资料汇总华中师范大学英语专业考研--汇总华中科技大学英语专业考研资料汇总广东外语外贸大学深圳大学的真题汇总南开大学英语专业考研真题汇总中山大学资料汇总暨南大学资料北京航空航天大学英语专业考研真题资料西安外国语大学英语专业考研真题汇总河海大学英语专业考研真题资料汇总中国海洋大学英语专业考研资料小汇武汉理工大学英语专业考研资料汇总武汉大学英语专业考研资料汇总苏州大学英语专业考研资料北京师范大学英语专业考研资料汇总西安外国语大学英语专业考研真题汇总四川大学英语专业考研真题资料汇总！2南京大学英语专业考研资料中南大学二外法语 01年到 07年真题 pdf翻译资料：全日制翻译硕士专业学位 MTI研究生入学考试指南外事翻译口译和笔译技巧.rar下载[大家网]新编当代翻译理论刘宓庆著下载[大家网]英汉翻译综合教程[大家网]西方译学理论辑要下载[大家网]英语翻译理论与实践论文集下载[大家网]外事翻译口译和笔译技巧.rar下载汉语成语典故谚语与歇后语英语翻译全国 68所院校英汉互译试卷分析英语专业考研翻译超全面的笔记~英语专业考研各大院校题型对比分析 pdf英语修辞手法经济学人文本许渊冲与翻译艺术.张智中.扫描版散文佳作 108篇汉英英汉对照报刊英语单词精华经济指标名词解释真题：基础英语汇总：各校基础英语真题资料汇总英美文学：各校英美文学真题汇总二外：英研二外资料——日语法语德语俄语西班牙语等汇总语言学方面真题：汇总中中南大学 2006年英语语言文学与文化综合知识真题四川外语学院 01-06年英语语言文学真题长安大学 2007年英语语言学真题四川外国语大学英语专业 2006年考研真题翻译真题：汇总中广外英语专业历年初试真题水平+翻译与写作武汉大学 2009综合英语汉译英真题及参考答案南京大学 2007基础英语汉译英及参考答案文本及 pdf广外 10年写作与翻译真题3上外 01-08年英汉互译真题外交学院翻译真题及答案杭州师范大学 2018年硕士生招生入学考试科目和参考书目9.天津地区院校英专考研翻译真题8.上海地区院校英专考研翻译真题7.陕西地区院校英专考研翻译真题6.江苏地区院校英专考研翻译真题5.湖北地区院校英专考研翻译真题4.广东地区院校英专考研翻译真题3.福建地区院校英专考研翻译真题[大家网]2.东北地区院校英专考研翻译真题.pdf[大家网]1.北京地区院校英专考研翻译真题.pdf[大家网]高级英语第一册第二册教材及教师用书 rar下载孙亦丽--大学英语精读学习精要--第一册第二册第三册 pdf下载【大家论坛】传播学原理 2009年版张国良全日制翻译硕士专业学位 MTI研究生入学考试指南英语专业考研名校全真试卷基础英语 07到年真卷与解读下载英语专业考研核心词汇.pdf.宫玉波.09版孙亦丽--大学英语精读学习精要--第一册第二册第三册 pdf下载高级英语第二册教材及教师用书第一册 rar下载MTI之 2018中文百科-keys（杭州小蚩尤尝鲜版）1.汉宫飞燕赵飞燕身材轻盈，有人认为是古代芭蕾的雏形。

中国⼈民⼤学翻译硕⼠考研难度你了解吗？中国⼈民⼤学翻译硕⼠考研难度你了解吗？凯程⽼师根据近两年的考研情况，给⼤家总结了⼀下中国⼈民⼤学翻译硕⼠考研难度。

同时，本⽂也详解了中国⼈民⼤学翻译硕⼠考研复习，中国⼈民⼤学翻译硕⼠考研就业，中国⼈民⼤学翻译硕⼠考研辅导，中国⼈民⼤学翻译硕⼠考研参考书，中国⼈民⼤学翻译硕⼠考研专业课其它⽅⾯的问题。

特别申明，以下信息绝对准确，凯程就是王牌的⾦融硕⼠考研机构！⼀、中国⼈民⼤学翻译硕⼠考研难度⼤不⼤，跨专业的⼈考上的多不多?从近些年的就业分析中看，翻译硕⼠的需求量还是很⼤的，2015年是中国⼈民⼤学翻译硕⼠第⼀年招⽣，招⽣⼈数为20⼈，含10⼈推免，总体来说，中国⼈民⼤学翻译硕⼠招⽣量较⼤，考试难度不⾼。

每年都有⼤量⼆本三本学⽣考取的，根据凯程从中国⼈民⼤学研究⽣院内部的统计数据得知，中国⼈民⼤学翻译硕⼠的考⽣中91%是跨专业考⽣，在录取的学⽣中，基本都是跨专业考的。

在考研复试的时候，⽼师更看重跨专业学⽣的能⼒，⽽不是本科背景。

其次，翻译硕⼠考试科⽬⾥，百科，翻译及基础本⾝知识点难度并不⼤，跨专业的学⽣完全能够学得懂。

即使本科学翻译的同学，专业课也不见得⽐你强多少（⼤学学的内容本⾝就⾮常浅）。

所以记住重要的不是你之前学得如何，⽽是从决定考研起就要抓紧时间完成⾃⼰的计划，下定决⼼，就全⾝⼼投⼊，要相信付出总会有回报。

在凯程辅导班⾥很多这样三凯程⽣，都考的不错，主要是看你努⼒与否。

⼆、中国⼈民⼤学翻译硕⼠就业怎么样？由于中国⼈民⼤学翻译硕⼠2015年是第⼀年招⽣,没有毕业⽣数据参考,但是中国⼈民⼤学毕业⽣⼀直以来很受就业市场欢迎,就业⾮常好。

据统计，中国⼈民⼤学2014年硕⼠毕业⽣就业率达99.15%。

就翻译硕⼠本⾝⽽⾔,就业⾯⾮常宽⼴，可选择的余地很多,现在国内紧缺的专业翻译⼈才五⼤⽅向为会议⼝译（⼴泛应⽤于外交外事、会晤谈判、商务活动、新闻传媒、培训授课、电视⼴播、国际仲裁等领域），法庭⼝译（⽬前国内这⼀领域的⾼级⼝译⼈才⼏乎是空⽩），商务⼝译，联络陪同⼝译（企业、政府机构都有⼤量的外事接待事务，联络陪同⼝译的任务就是在接待、旅游等事务中担任⼝译⼯作），⽂书翻译（企业、出版社、翻译公司等机构都需要具备专业素养的⽂本翻译⼈才，这⼀领域的⼈才缺⼝更⼤）。

中国人民大学真题2008年(总分：90.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ Vocabulary(总题数：40，分数：20.00)1.In general, the______amount that a student spends for housing should be held to one-fifth of the total for living expenses.A. acceptableB. advisableC. availableD. applicable（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.2.Every man in this country has the right to live where he wants to,______the color of his skin.A. with the exception ofB. in the light ofC. by virtue ofD. regardless of（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.3.Housewives who do not go out to work often feel they are not working to their full______A. capacityB. strengthC. lengthD. possibility（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.4.The soldier was______of running away when the enemy.A. scoldedB. chargedC. accusedD. punished（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.5.To begin some activity is to______doing it.A. set downB. set upC. set aboutD. set off（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.6.How can you______and watch the country go to ruin?A. stand byB. stand forC. stand upD. stand up for（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.7.Edison tested more than one thousand materials to see if they could ______ electric current and glow.A. bringB. makeC. carryD. produce（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.8.In most countries, the metric system has been______ for all measurement.A. admittedB. adaptedC. appliedD. adopted（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.9.The little girl is ignorant______the basic rules of English grammar.A. forB. ofC. withD. against（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.10.Bank notes are not usually ______into gold nowadays.A. invertedB. revertibleC. convertibleD. diverting（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.11.I ______ you that the goods will be delivered next week.A. insistB. confirmC. assureD. ensure（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.12.The manager just ______ his resignation to the board meeting yesterday and today another one took his place.A. sent upB. sent offC. sent outD. sent in（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.13.The cultures of China and Japan have shared many features, but each has used them according to its national______A. personalityB. temperamentC. interestD. destiny（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.14.Our journey was slow because the train stopped______at different villages.A. graduallyB. continuouslyC. constantlyD. continually（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.15.When he realized the police had spotted him, the man______the exit as quickly as possible.A. made forB. made outC. made up toD. made way（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.16.The annual ______of the department store starts tomorrow.A. stockingB. stocktakingC. stockpilingD. stockholding（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.17.Remember to ask for a ______of quality for these goods; otherwise they will not offer any maintenance.A. warrantyB. promiseC. certificateD. receipt（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.18.In many countries tobacco and medicine are government______A. controlB. monopolyC. businessD. belongings（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.19.To ensure its sustained progress in economy, the government has______a series of policies.A. reservedB. issuedC. deliveredD. expressed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.20.He has never worried about his properties because he has______them against disasters and theft.A. assuredB. ensuredC. insuredD. secure（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.21.The terrorists kidnapped the director of the company and demanded a large sums of money for his______A. libertyB. reliefC. relaxationD. release（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.22.A completely new situation is bound to______when the examination system is introduced.A. riseB. ariseC. raiseD. arouse（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.23.A good way to ______a language is to live in the native culture with the native speakers.A. requireB. inquireC. acquireD. enquire（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.24.A product is to be regarded as being______when introduced into the another country at less than its normal value.A. dischargedB. discardedC. disposedD. dumped（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.25.It's apparent that the wooden bridge is not strong enough to______the weight of a lorry.A. retainB. sustainC. obtainD. maintain（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.26.After his recovery from illness, he is determined to______ what he had been doing to attain the goal.A. assumeB. consumeC. presumeD. resume（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.27.The transition from wife's to mother's role require the wife to______to the completely new situation in daily life.A. adaptB. adjustC. adoptD. accept（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.28.All workers, regardless of their sex and education, are required to______at the age of 60.A. resignB. retireC. regainD. retain（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.29.The plane found the spot and hovered close enough to______that it was a car.A. ensureB. examineC. verifyD. testify（分数：0.50）A.B.D.30.The encouraging factor is that the______majority of people find the idea of change acceptable.A. numerousB. vastC. mostD. massive（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.31.The increase in student numbers______ many problems for the universities.A. forcesB. pressesC. providesD. poses（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.32.Please ______ from smoking until the aeroplane is airborne.A. refrainB. preventC. resistD. restrain（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.33.Reporters and photographers alike took great______at the rude way the actor behaved during the interview.A. annoyanceB. offenceC. resentmentD. irritation（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.34.Topics for composition should be______ to the experiences and interests of the students.A. concernedB. dependentC. connectingD. relevant（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.35.The novel contains some marvellously revealing______ofrnral life in the 19th century.A. glancesB. glimpsesC. glaresD. gleams（分数：0.50）A.B.D.36.Sometimes the student may be asked to write about his______ to a certain book or article that has some bearing on the subject being studied.A. reactionB. commentC. impressionD. comprehension（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.37.Picking flowers in the park is absolutely______A. avoidedB. prohibitedC. rejectedD. repelled（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.38.Tony has not the least______of giving up his research work.A. intentionB. interestC. wishD. desire（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.39.Two of the children have to sleep in one bed, but the other three have______ones.A. similarB. singularC. differentD. separate（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.40.Am I to understand that his new post______ no responsibility with it at all?A. keepsB. supportsC. carriesD. possesses（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Part Ⅱ Reading Compr(总题数：6，分数：30.00)Passage 1It has been argued that where schools become bureaucratized, they become bound up with the techniques and implementation of the managerial process, and may concentrate on concern with position and self-advancement. In so doing, they may neglect the purpose for which they were setThus, they do not facilitate the development of those who are part of the school community, and tend to neglect the desires of children, parents and society at large.It is because of such criticisms that there has been an increasing influence in political rhetoric and legislation of free-market theories of organization and society. Such theories suggest that a much more market-oriented, competitive approach is required so that schools reorient themselves towards their "clients". By so doing, it is claimed, not only do they once again address the needs of those with whom they should be primarily concemed, but such an approach also unleashes the benefits of individual responsibility, freedom of choice, and reward.Though much of this sounds attractive, it has its roots as much in an economic body of thought as in social and political theory, and this must raise the question of whether it can be viably transferred to an educational context. Indeed, if by "educational" we mean the development of all within the school community, then free-market theory may miss the mark by concentrating on only one section, "the consumers". If teachers are seen as part of this community, then their development is just as important.If bureaucratic forms of management face the problem of explaining how their values can be objective when they are in fact the product of a particular value orientation, the forms of management derived from free-market theories, suggesting an openness to the adoption of different sets of values, are subject to the charge of relativism. In other words, free-market theories, granted that they are arguing that individuals should be allowed to pursue their own ends, must explain why any set of values, including their own, is preferable to another.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the author, criticism of schools arises from______A. concerns that schools deliberately neglect studentsB. the high cost of education due to bureaucracyC. a perception of them as self-serving and bureaucraticD. a misunderstanding of schools officials（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The "school community" (Line 4, Para. 4) the author refers to would probably includeA. studentsB. students and parentsC. students, parents and teachersD. teachers and students（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The transfer of free market ideas to the schools may fail because______A. schools have no real clientsB. they concentrate only on the consumer and do not include teachersC. schools are totally different from the free marketD. they have no solid purpose in their aims（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the text, criticism of free market solutions in education arise from the fact that______A. they do not explain why their set of values are better than othersB. their values are too subjectiveC. their values are too different from those within an educational contextD. the educational context is not a free market（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The "charge of relativism" mentioned in the last paragraph is meant to show______A. the values are too narrow-mindedB. the values are not specific enoughC. the values are too self-servingD. the values are not strongly held（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Passages 2To us it seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains. But actually the umbrella was not invented as protection against rain. Its first use was as a shade against the sun.Nobody knows who first invented it, but the umbrella was used in very ancient times. Probably the first to use it were the Chinese, was back in the eleventh century B.C.We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade. And there was a strange thing connected with its use: it became a symbol of honor and authority. In the Far East in ancient times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by royalty or by those in high offices. In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade. And the umbrella was in common use in ancient Greece. But it is believed that the first persons in Europe to use the umbrella as protection against rain were the ancient Romans.During the Middle Ages, the use of the umbrella practically disappeared. Then it appeared again in Italy in the late sixteenth century. And again it was considered a symbol of power and authority. ByI680, the umbrella appeared in France and later on in England.By the eighteenth century, the umbrella was used against rain throughout most of Europe. Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all this time, though they have become much lighter in weight. It wasn't until the twentieth century that women's umbrellas began to be made in a whole variety of colors.（分数：5.00）(1).The first use of umbrella was as______A. protection against rainB. a shade against the sunC. a symbol of powerD. a symbol of honor（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).______were the people who first used umbrellas.A. ChineseB. RomansC. GreeksD. Egyptians（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The umbrella was used only by royalty or by those in high offices______A. in Europe in the 18th centuryB. in ancient Egypt and BabylonC. in the Far East in ancient timesD. during the Middle Ages（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the passage, which of the following is not true?A. Women enjoy using umbrellas with varied kinds of colors nowadays.B. The inventor of the umbrella is unknown.C. Once ordinary people had no right to use umbrellas.D. Umbrellas were popular and cheap in ancient times.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. When Was the Umbrella Invented?B. The History of UmbrellaC. Umbrella--A Symbol of HonorD. Who Used Umbrella First?（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Passages 3Adam Smith, writing in the 1770s, was the first person to see the importance of the division of labor and to explain part of its advantages. He gives as an example the process by which pins were made in England."One man draws out the wire; another strengthens it; a third cuts it; a fourth points it; a fifth grinds it at the top to prepare it to receive the head. To make the head requires two or three operations. To put it on is a separate operation, to polish the pins is another. And the important business of making pins is, in this manner, divided into about eighteen operations, which in some factories are all performed by different people, though in others the same man will sometimes perform two or three of them."Ten men, Smith said, in this way, turned out twelve pounds of pins a day or about 4,800 pins per worker. But if all of them had worked separately and independently without division of labor, none of them could have made twenty pins in a day and perhaps not even one.There can be no doubt that division of labor is an efficient way of organizing work. Fewer people can make more pins. Adam Smith saw this but he also took it for granted that division of labor is in itself responsible for economic growth and development and that it accounts for the difference between expanding economies and those that stand still. But division of labor adds nothing new; it only enables people to produce more of what they already have.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the passage, Adam Smith was the first person to______A. take advantage of the division of laborB. introduce the division of labor into EnglandC. understand the effects of the division of laborD. explain the causes of the division of labor（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Adam Smith saw that the division of labor______A. enabled each worker to make pins more quickly and more cheaplyB. increased the possible output per workerC. increased the number of people employed in factoriesD. improved the quality of pins produced（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Adam Smith mentioned the number 4,800 in order to______A. show the advantages of the division of laborB. show the advantages of the old craft systemC. emphasize how powerful the individual worker wasD. emphasize the importance of increased production（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the writer, Adam Smith's mistake was in believing that division of labor______A. was an efficient way of organizing workB. was an important development in methods of productionC. certainly led to economic developmentD. increased the production of existing goods（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following could serve as an appropriate title for the passage?A. Adam Smith, the English EconomistB. The Theory of Division of LaborC. Division of Labor, an Efficient Way of Organizing WorkD. Adam Smith, the Last Discoverer of Division of Labor（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Passage 4The United States is a country made up of many different races. Usually they are mixed together and can't be told from one another. But many of them still talk about where their ancestors came from. It is something they are proud of.The original Americans, of course were the Indians. The so-called white men who then came weremostly from England. But many came from other countries like Germany and France.One problem the United States has always had is discrimination. As new groups came to the United States they found they were discriminated against. First it was the Irish and Italians. Later it was the blacks. Almost every group has been able to finally escape this discrimination. The only immigrants who have not are the blacks. Surprisingly enough the worst discrimination today is shown towards the Indians.One reason the Indians are discriminated against is that they have tried so hard to keep their identity. Of course they are not the only ones who have done so. The Japanese have their Little Tokyo in Los Angeles and the Chinese a Chinatown in New York. The Dutch settlement in Pennsylvania also stays separate from other people. Their towns are like something from the 19th century. They have a different reason from the other groups for staying separately. They live separately for religious reasons rather than keep together in a racial group.Although some groups have kept themselves separate and others have been discriminated against, all groups have helped make the United States a great county. There is no group that has not helped in some way. And there is no group that can say they have done the most to make it a great country. Many people still come from other countries to help the United States grow. A good example is the American project that let a man walk on the moon. It was a scientist from Germany who was most responsible for doing that. It is certain that in the future the United States will still need the help of people from all racial groups to remain a great country.（分数：5.00）(1).Which of the following statements can best describe the main idea of this passage?A. The United States is a country made up of many different races.B. Discrimination is the most serious problem in the United States.C. All races in the United States have helped make the country a great one.D. The prosperity of the United States is mainly due to the hard work of the most discriminated races.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).In the first paragraph the word "told" means______A. separatedB. distinguishedC. revealedD. made known（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).This passage implies that discrimination is a problem which______A. many races in the United States have experiencedB. will still be very serious in the United States in the futureC. has already been solved in the United StatesD. is strongly opposed by many different races in the United States（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The main reason why the Indians are most discriminated against is that______A. they have tried hard to keep their religionsB. they have tried hard to live together to keep their Indian customsC. they are the only ones who have tried to keep their identityD. they discriminate many other races（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The Dutch live separately in Pennsylvania______A. to escape discriminationB. to keep together in a racial groupC. to enjoy themselves in their own townsD. for religious reasons（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Passage 5Fear and its companion pain are two of the most useful things that men and animals possess, if they are properly used. If fire did not hurt when it burnt, children would play it until their hands were burnt away. Similarly, if pain existed but fear did not, a child would burn itself again and again, because fear would not warn it to keep away from the fire that had burnt it before.A really fearless soldier--and some do exist--is not a good soldier because he is soon killed; and a dead soldier is of no use to his army. Fear and pain are therefore two guards without which men and animals might soon die out.In our first sentence we suggested that fear ought to be properly used. If, for example, you never go out of your house because of the danger of being knocked down and killed in the street by a car, you are letting fear rule you too much. Even in your house you are not absolutely safe- an airplane may crash on your house, or ants may eat away some of the beams in your roof so that the latter falls on you, or you may get cancer !The important thing is not to let fear rule you, but instead to use fear as your servant and guide. Fear will warn you of dangers; then you have to decide what action to take. In many cases, you can take quick and successful actions to avoid the danger. For example, you see a car coming straight towards you; fear warns you, you jump out of the way, and all is well.In some cases, however, you decide that there is nothing that you can do to avoid the danger. For example, you cannot prevent an airplane crashing onto your house. In this case, fear has given you its warning; you have examined it and decided on your course of action, so fear of this particular danger is no longer of any use to you, and you have to try to overcome it.（分数：5.00）(1).Children would play with fire until their hands were burnt away if______A. they were given no warning beforehandB. they had never burnt themselvesC. they had no sense of painD. they were fearful of the fire（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A really fearless soldier______A. is of little use to the armyB. is without equalC. is nothing but a dead soldierD. easily gets killed in a battle（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Fear should be used properly because______A. an airplane may crash on your houseB. you may get cancerC. fear can only be used as a servant and guideD. men are now letting fear rule them too much（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).People sometimes succeed in timely avoiding danger because______A. they have gained experienceB. they jump out of the way in timeC. they are calm in face of dangerD. they are warned of the danger and can take quick action（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following statements is implied but not stated?A. Fear is always something helpful.B. Too much fear is harmful.C. Fear ought to be used as a servant and guide.D. Fear is something unprofitable.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Passages 6Thirty-one million Americans are over 60 years of age, and twenty-nine million of them are healthy, busy, productive citizens. By the year 2030, one in every five people in the United States will be over 60. Elderly people are members of the fastest-growing minority in this country. Many call this the "graying of America".In 1973, a group called the "Gray Panthers" was organized. This group is made up of young and old citizens. They are trying to deal with the special problems of growing old in America. The Gray Panthers know that many elderly people have health problems: some cannot walk well, others cannot see or hear well. Some have financial problems; prices are going up so fast that the elderly can't afford the food, clothing, and housing they need. Some old people are afraid and have safety problems. Others have emotional problems. Many elderly are lonely because of the death of a husband or a wife. The Gray Panthers know another fact, too. Elderly people want to be as independent as possible. So, the Gray Panthers are looking for ways to solve the special problems of the elderly. The president of the Gray Panthers is Maggie Kuhn, an active woman in her late 70s. She travels across the United States, educating both young and old about the concerns of elders. One of the problems she talks about is where and how elders live. She says that Americans do not encourage elders to live with younger people. As far as Maggie Kuhn is concerned, only elders who need constant medical care should be in nursing homes.Maggie Kuhn knows that elders need education, too. She spends lots of time talking to groups ofolder Americans. She encourages them to continue to live in their own houses if it is possible. She also tells them that it is important to live with younger people and to have children around them. This helps elders to stay young at heart.（分数：5.00）(1).What health problems do many elderly have?A. They feel lonely.B. They are suffering from cancer.C. They cannot walk or see or hear well.D. They have got heart problems.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Nursing homes______A. are good for elders who need constant medical careB. help keep elders youngC. are set up for training nursesD. are places where small children are taken care of（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Maggie Kuhn travels across the United States in order to______elders.A. collect money forB. show concerns forC. find houses forD. educate people to help（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).One of the problems Maggie Kuhn talks about is______A. why elders should be taken care ofB. where and how elders liveC. who needs medical careD. how to improve education in the USA（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Maggie Kuhn encourages elders to______A. live in nursing homesB. travel moreC. live with younger peopleD. do some house work（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、Part Ⅲ Translation(总题数：2，分数：20.00)41.71. English-Chinese TranslationDirections: Translate the following into Chinese and write your translation on your Answer Sheet Ⅱ.Physicists all over the world, back in 1895, were pretty much agreed that the great work of physics had all been done. Some of them mourned publicly that no discoveries of truly major importance were likely to be made in the future. But then they did not know that a Professor Roentgen, workingalone in a modest laboratory in Germany, had begun a series of experiments with a crude induction coil, a pear-shaped bulb from which the air had been removed, and a sheet of paper painted with certain metallic salts. And Professor Roentgen did not know that his work was destined to reveal a force of nature--never before suspected--that would almost overnight revolutionize medicine and technology, and become a instrument for deeper probing of the structure of matter.（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 42.72. Chinese-English TranslationDirections: Translate the following into English and write your translation on your Answer Sheet Ⅱ.但是，对于所有的正在进行的激动人心的工作而言，科学远没有达到一个能塑造完美的人或者甚至一个完美的番茄的美好新世界的境地。

2008年四川外国语大学611基础英语考研真题及详解I.Fill in the blank in each of the following sentences with the correct form of a word according to the clue given in the parenthesis following the sentence:(20ps)1.Some people believe that cigarette smoking is a moral weakness that_____individuals and society.(affect)【答案】affects【解析】句意：一些人认为吸烟是不道德的行为，它会影响到个人及社会。

空缺处为定语从句的谓语部分，应同其先行词在性、数上保持一致，先行词为单数，故填affects。

2.He sat at the table to make a deposit,and felt a pleasantly_____sensation surge through him as he slipped the gun and the ten thousand dollars out of the drawer and into his overcoat pocket.(victory)【答案】victorious【解析】句意：他坐在桌边准备存钱，一种胜利的喜悦之情涌上心头。

空缺处前为副词，后为名词，根据句意应当填写修饰名词的形容词。

故填victorious。

3.I like any game of chance,but I enjoy_____part in a lottery.(take)【答案】taking【解析】句意：我喜欢任何靠碰运气取胜的游戏，但我喜欢参与买彩票。

enjoy+doing为固定用法，故填taking。

中国人民大学英语专业---2006年基础英语考研真题中国人民大学2006年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目：354基础英语I. Sentence Completion (30 points)Directions: Write in the blank the letter of the item which best completes each sentence.1. Jean ______ her mother in character.a. takes afterb. inheritsc. initiatesd. embarrasses2. They reported the loss and gave all the necessary ______ to the police.a. happeningsb. qualificationsc. characteristicsd. particulars3. Generous public funding of basic science would ______ considerable benefits for the country's health, wealth and security.a. result fromb. settle downc. lie ind. lead to4. When people become unemployed, it is ______ which is often worse than lack of wages.a. lazinessb. povertyc. idlenessd. inability5. National poverty was ______ by rapid population growth.a. strengthenedb. reinforcedc. aggravatedd. reduced6. What a sad sight, with all the shops ______ and the people gone.a. shuttledb. shutteredc. shuttlesd. shutters7. The carpenter helped me to _______ the cabinet at the base to keep it from tipping.a. wedgeb. wrenchc. yoked. tuck8. The dentist had to _______ the tooth as it was badly decayed.a. pull offb. releasec. extractd. alleviate9. Children and old people do not like having their daily _______ upset.a. habitb. practicec. routined. custom10. ________ when she started complaining.a. Not until he arrivedb. No sooner had he arrivedc. Hardly had he arrivedd. Scarcely did he arrive11. These things have nothing to do with each other. They are totally _________ .a. irrelevantb. unrelatedc. irreconcilabled. irreplaceable12. _______ the Foreign Minister but the Prime Minister too.a. They not only sawb. They saw not onlyc. Not only did they seed. Not only they saw13. Professor Smith and Professor Brown will ________ in giving the class lecturesa. alterb. changec. alternated. differ14. One of the wrong notions about science is that many scientific discoveries have comeabout_______.a. accordinglyb. accidentallyc. artificiallyd. additionally15. When he was a student, his father gave him a monthly ________ towards his expenses.a. currencyb. payc. allowanced. permission16. No amount of sophistry can justify one country's intervention in the _______ affairs of anothercountry.a. insideb. ownc. internald. intentional17. His story of rescuing ten drowning men totally by himself was ______.a. wonderfulb. incrediblec. indignantd. immense18. I punished the child _______ he should make the same mistake.a. sinceb. becausec. unlessd. lest19. Since Helen is my wife, it is difficult for me to be ______ about her talent.a. objectiveb. single-mindedc. overwhelmedd. subjective20. Every day I walk _______ London Theatre.a. passb. pastc. throughd. across21. Courageous people think quickly and act without _______.a. hesitationb. complaintc. considerationd. anxiety22. I've only recently _______ Shakespeare with profit and pleasure.a. followedb. exploredc. actedd. evaluated23. Arriving anywhere with these possessions, he might just as easily ______ for a month or a year as for a single day.a. arrangeb. innovatec. put upd. adapt24. It is unlikely he can significantly contribute to the highly competitive strategies thatfood_____demands.a. retailb. retainc. retailingd. retaining25. Investors said they were "surprised and encouraged" by the sentiment, although other shareholders seemed ______ to having Prosser in the role.a. resilientb. resolutec. resoundingd. resigned26. Sir Ian's _______ from some of his other duties would be a constructive signal to investors that we are being listened to.a. resignationb. withdrawalc. returnd. response27. Walt Disney's board is stepping up plans to find a new ruler to save the Magic Kingdom and fight off a $54 billion hostile _____ from Comcast, the US cable giant.a. purchaseb. bidc. cofferd. merger28. In Hong Kong's huge Ocean Terminal shopping complex Prudential has opened a shop alongside ______ fashion brands such as Prada and Ralph Lauren.a. inspiringb. operationalc. aspirationald.mind-bending29. Potential customers are ushered through the glass doors into a waiting room with_____ colors and product literature spread over the table.a. mutinousb. mutablec. mutedd. musty30. The firm's _______ appears on buses in Bangkok and hoardings in Hong Kong, while itsred-and-white motif unconsciously echoes the colors of HSBC, a British institution known to millions of customers across Asia。