情态动词讲解
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情态动词情态动词表示说话人对动作或状态的各种观点和态度,如需要、猜测、意愿或怀疑等。
情态动词有词义,但不完全,是所谓的“辅助性”动词,在句中不能单独充当谓语。
一、情态动词的特征和形式A.情态动词的各种形式如下:情态动词may、might 、can、could、must、have to、ought to、will/ would、shall/should、need、dare、used to否定式may not、might not、can not 、could not、must not、do not have to、ought not to、will not、would not、shall not、should not、need not、dare not、used not to、did not use to简略否定式mayn't(老式英语,现在不常见)、mightn't、can't、couldn't、mustn't、don't have to、oughtn't to(否定句中to可省略)、won't、wouldn't、shan't(只用于英国英语)shouldn't、needn't、daren't、usedn't to、didn't use toB.情态动词除ought to, used to等外,后面只接不带to的不定式。
1.情态动词+doYou shouldn't be so careless.你不该这样粗心大意。
Jessica told him yesterday she might not go on the trip.杰西卡昨天告诉他,她可能不去旅行了。
Difficulties can and must be overcome.困难能够而且必须克服。
2.情态动词+be doingShe must be listening to pop music.她肯定在听流行音乐。
链接中考语法:情态动词一、情态动词的特点:情态动词,又叫情态助动词。
它们具有以下特点:⑴它们必须与其他动词连用,即:情态动词+动词原形,表示说话人对所述动作的看法,如需要、可能、意愿或怀疑等。
⑵绝大多数情态动词没有人称和数的变化,即第三人称单数不加-s (以be和have开头的情态动词短语除外)。
⑶在意义上,情态动词具有“多义性”。
例如:can既可表示能力,又可表示可能、允许等意义。
二、部分情态动词的基本用法:1.can的基本用法:⑴表示体力或智力上的能力,即“能够,会”,可与beableto转换。
例如:HecanspeakEnglish./HeisabletospeakEnglish.?他会讲英语。
Canyouplaybasketball? —No,I can’t.?你会打篮球吗?——我不会。
如果表示将来具备的能力,要用willbeableto。
例如:IfIhaveagoodsleep,Iwillbeabletodotheproblem.?假如我睡个好觉,我就能做那道题目了。
⑵表示许可,主要用于口语,书面语一般用may。
例如:Canwegohomenow,please? —No,youcan’t.?我们可以现在就回家吗?——不可以。
Youcanonlysmokeinthisroom.?你只能在这间房间里抽烟。
You can’t keepthelibrarybooksformorethanamonth.?图书馆的书借期不可超过一个月。
⑶表示“可能”,与may同义,但一般用在疑问句中。
例如:Whatcanhepossiblywant?他可能会想要什么呢?另外,在否定句中,否定形式can’t表示推测“不大可能”。
例如:Anybodycanmakemistakes.?任何人都可能会犯错误。
Thenews can’t betrue.?那消息不大可能是真的。
与第一、二人称连用时,还可以就可能的解决问题的方式或可能的行为提出建议。
常见情态动词讲解情态动词是一种特殊的动词,它不能单独作为谓语,必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。
情态动词没有人称和数的变化,后面必须跟动词原形。
2、常见的情态动词包括can、could、may、must、shall、should、need和would。
3、情态动词的用法主要包括:询问能否帮忙,回答可以或不行。
用XXX询问某人是否能做某事,回答可以或不行。
询问是否可以借用某物,回答可以或不行。
询问是否可以在书上写字,回答不行。
用could或XXX请求帮忙,回答可以或肯定。
询问去动物园的路,请求指路。
询问是否可以进入某处,回答可以。
询问是否可以坐在某处,回答可以或不行。
询问是否可以喝可乐,回答可以。
用may、could或XXX询问是否可以和某人通话,回答正在通话中。
should和XXX表示劝告,如早起、不要玩电脑游戏等。
用should询问某人是否应该做某事,回答肯定或否定。
表示建议时可以用“你愿意…吗”来引导。
He said it was okay for me to smoke in the room。
Instead of using "may" to answer ns。
it's better to use phrases like "Yes。
please," "Certainly," "Please don't," "You'd better not," or "No。
you mustn't" XXX。
He might be at home。
but I'm not sure。
She may not be aware of this matter。
They could be having a meeting。
but I'm uncertain。
一、情态动词无人称和数的变化,不能单独做谓语,只能和行为动词或状态动词构成谓语二、情态动词分为:情态助动词:can(could)、may(might)、must、have to (had to )、oughtto 、shall(should)、will(would) 12个半情态助动词:dare、need、used to、had better、would better(5个)三、情态助动词1.can and could1)ability:be able to do /manage to do/succeed in doing sth.eg.The army can defeat their enemy.eg.The army is able to defeat their enemy.eg.The army succeed in defeating their enemy.2)permission:eg.Can I smoke here?eg.You can’t smoke here.3)possibility:用在否定句、疑问句、感叹句中-eg.This can’t be done by him.当被用在肯定句中时,表达的是理论上的可能性,不涉及是否真的会发生eg.even expert drives can make mistakes.要表达现在或者将来的可能性,用may /might或could.eg.I may leave for Beijing next month.但在特殊疑问句中,或与副词hardly、only等连用的陈述句中表达可能性只用can/couldEg.where can the noise be coming from?eg.It can hardly be the postman,he comes only in the morning.4)有时会:the road can be blocked.5)could 表示轻微的怀疑或委婉的看法I’m sorry I couldn’t lend you the book now.His story could be true,but I hardly think it is.6)could 表示委婉的请求,主要用于疑问句,不用于肯定句Could you lend me some money?Yes,I can /No,I am afraid not.7)could 的常用结构:could+动词+比较级“非常,再.....不过了”It couldn’t be better.Couldn’t +过去分词+比较级“非常,再.....不过了”They couldn’t have tried harder to make me eel welcome.Can’t..too..=can never too“无论怎样...也不为过,越...越好”I can’t thank you too much.I owe my progress to you.Can’t (help/choose) but do/can but +动词原形“不得不,只好”We can but agree with him.Can’t help doing 忍不住,不得不I can’t help laughingCan’t be (it) 控制不住,没有办法It can’t be helpedCan’t....without 没有...就不能One can’t succeed without perseverance.2.may and might1)permission:May I use your pen?Yes,you may./No,you may not.2)Possibility:用于推测,表示不确定,不用于疑问句中She may know Tom’s address.出现I’m afraid.I’m not sure等表示不确定时,常用may/might.I’m afraid he might not come to attend the meeting today.从语气上判断,may表示的可能性比might 大,might更多的表示怀疑He may be very busy now.He might be very busy now.3)用于让步状语从句中However hard you may study,you cannot master English in a month.4)用于祈使句,表示祝愿May you succeed!5)might 常用于表示轻微的责备和委婉的请求You might post the letter for me if you are going near a post box.You might have let me know before!6)习惯用法:may as well do”理所当然,有足够的理由”She may be proud of her sonMay /might (just) as well do=had better do(最好)You might as well stay at home tonight.May/might as well+do A+as+do+B”与其做B不如做A”You might as well throw the money away as lend it to him.One may as well not know a thing at all as know it but imperfectly 3.must and have to1)表示义务,一定要,必须You must arrive in good time.The meeting is very important.2)表示肯定性或难以避免,必然会,肯定会All men must die.3)must 表示有把握的推测,一定是,准时Must do/must be doing/must have doneThe tall fellow must be a basketball player.Let’s have something.You must be starving.He must have received mu letter which has mailed last week.4)must 表示非要,偏要,常以第二人称为主语,意指不耐或令人不愉快的事情,用于其他人称,表示主语固执,意为偏偏Why must you buy that car?Jane was never a pleasant young girl.After you gave her your advice,she must goand do the opposite.5)must 的三种否定形式表示不可能 must be --can’t be must have done--can’t have done You must have met him before.You can’t have met him before.表示不必 must do--need not to/don’t have toWe must get up at six tomorrow morning.We don’t have to get up at six tomorrow morning.表示决不能,严禁 must--mustn’tYou mustn’t park your car here.6)回答以must提问的句子Must we clean all the rooms?Yes ,you must/No ,you don’t have to/No ,you needn’t7)must 可做名词,表示必须有的东西,必须做的事Warm clothes are a must in the mountains.8)must和have to 表示必须时,有一下差别Must 表示的是说话人主观的看法,而have to则往往强调客观需要The play is not interesting ,I really must go now.I have to work when I was your age.Must 一般只表现在,have to 则有更多的时态。
情态动词有具体的词义,但也同助动词一样,需要与动词原形一起构成句子的谓语,另外情态动词没有人称和数的变化,情态动词后必须跟动词原形。
一. 10个最重要情态动词的用法1. can⑴ 表示能力,一般译为“能、会”,尤其指生来具备的能力。
She can swim fast, but I can’t .她会游泳,但我不会。
⑵ 表示许可,常在口语中。
You can use my dictionary.你可以使用我的词典。
⑶ 表示推测,意为“可能”,常用于否定句和疑问句中,此时can’t译为“不可能”。
Can the news be true?这个消息可能是真的吗?It can’t be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.不可能是我们老师。
他正在参观长城呢。
2. could⑴ can的过去式,意为“能、会”,表示过去的能力。
He could write poems when he was 10.他十岁的时候就会写诗。
⑵ could在疑问句中,表示委婉请求的语气,此时could没有过去式的意思。
Could you do me a favour?你可以帮我一个忙吗?—Could I use your pen? 我可以使用你的钢笔吗?—Yes, you can.(注意回答)可以。
3. may⑴ 表示请求、许可,比can正式,May I borrow your bike?我可以借用你的自行车吗?You may go home now.你现在可以回家了。
⑵ 表示推测,谈论可能性,意为“可能,或许”,一般用于肯定句中。
It may rain tomorrow .明天可能会下雨。
⑶ may的过去式为 might。
might 也可以表示可能性低于may(此时might没有过去式的意思)。
He is away from school. He might be sick.他离开学校了。
情态动词(一)情态动词的定义: 情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。
(二)情态动词的特点1. 情态动词有一定的词义。
2. 情态动词不能单独做谓语,它必须和其他动词的原形一起构成谓语。
3. 情态动词没有人称,数的变化。
(三)情态动词的结构和意义1.情态动词的基本句型肯定句:主语+情态动词+动词原形+......否定句:主语+情态动词+not+动词原形+......疑问句:情态动词+主语+动词2. 情态动词的意义must“必须”;can/could“能,会”;may/might “可以”;should“应该”;would“愿,要”;have to“不得不”;need“需要”used to do 过去常常做.... Had better do sth 做好做某事(四)情态动词的基本用法1.can (could主要指过去时间)1)肯定句中,表示人或物本身所具有的能力,意为“能,能够,会” :Two eyes can see more than one. / I can swim very well.2)否定和疑问句中,表示可能(理论上或是逻辑判断,could 比can的可能性更小)He can’t (couldn’t) have enough money for a new car.Could it be Henry ?3)疑问中,表示请求、允许:(could表示比can的语气更委婉客气)--Can (Could) you lend me a hand? 帮我一把好吗?2. may (might)1)疑问句中,表允许,或者征求意见。
(might既指过去时间,也可指现在时间,语气比may更委婉)。
在回答May / (Might) /can ( could )I .....? 肯定回答一般用:yes ,you may /can , 或Yes, please. / Certainly./Sure./Of course. ;否定回答:用:No ,you may not / No ,you can’t / No ,you must not(mustn’t)(禁止)/ No, you had better not(最好别)2)肯定句中,may表可能, 但可能性不如can肯定,(might既可以指过去时间,也可以指现在时间,但语气上不如may 肯定)。
一、情态动词用法1.情态动词的具体用法A.能干can/could do; (经过努力)能干be able to (have the ability to do, be capable of doing)B.必须干/不得不干must / have to do; 不许干:mustn’t doC.(经允许)可以干may/ might do; 不可以干:may not doD.应该干should /ought to/ be to/ be supposed to doE.将要干will/would/shall do; (按法律,许诺,命令,威胁,第二三人称中) 将干shall doF.(某段具体时间)常干would do; (现在不做,过去常做) used to doG.宁愿做would rather do; 最好做had better do; 不妨做might as well doH.需要做need do ; 敢做dare do2.情态动词表猜测A.一定是must be ;一定已经干了某事must have done sth.; 一定不是can’t/couldn’t be ; 一定没干过某事can’t/couldn’t have done sth.B.可能(不)是may/might (not ) be; 可能已经(没)干某事may/might (not) have done sth.3.情态动词与虚拟语气A.本应该干某事(带有批评责备之意)should/ ought to have done sth.;本不该做了某事而做了shouldn’t /oughtn’t to have done sthB.本不必干某事needn’t have done sth.C.本可以干某事can/could have done sth.D.本(不会)干某事would (not) have done sth.E.真希望做过某事would like to have done sth.F.Should 在表建议的从句中:(a)It’s high time that sb. should do/did sth(b)It’s important sb. (should) do sth.(c)I suggest sb. (should ) do sth.二、理解情态动词Lucy is an outgoing lady. She can play many kinds of musical instruments. Actually, she could play the piano when she was 8 years old. Lucy also keeps taking exercise every day. She says that she has to do some sports because she must keep slim. “You shall get fat soon if you don’t take exercise every day.” She usually says to her friends.As for her, an elegant lady should try to keep fit. However, last week, she found that she might put on weight and she worried and decided to lose her weight. And these days she is always thinking that she may succeed soon if she tries all her best. However, she is always lack of time because she ought to take care of her children.One night after supper, she walked quickly in order to go dancing at the Tomorrow Park and she was late. On her way, she thought that the dancing must havebegun, and the coach could have taught or shown many new moves. She was afraid that her friends might have left before she got there. She was regretful then. She should have had supper earlier, or she could have taken a taxi, and indeed she needn’t have taken a bath in advance. When she reached the park finally, she found nobody was there. She remembered suddenly that it had been reported on the radio that there would be a heavy rain that night.思考每个加黑的情态动词的含义;什么时候用情态动词的完成式,分别表达什么意思。
情态动词趣味讲解一、什么是情态动词。
情态动词就像是语言中的小魔法词,它们和普通动词不一样,不能单独作谓语,必须和其他实义动词一起用。
比如“can”(能)、“may”(可以)、“must”(必须)等。
它们就像给动词穿上了不同的“衣服”,让句子表达出不同的情绪、态度或者可能性。
二、Can的趣味用法。
1. 表示能力。
- 想象一下,你在描述超级英雄的能力。
“Superman can fly.”(超人能飞。
)这里的“can”就像一个能力标签,告诉我们超人具备飞行这个能力。
- 再“I can speak Chinese.”(我会说中文。
)这就像在展示自己的一项技能,“can”把“说中文”这个能力体现出来了。
2. 用于请求许可。
- 当你想问能不能做某事的时候,“Can I have a glass of water?”(我可以喝杯水吗?)这时候“can”就像是在轻轻地敲门,礼貌地询问是否被允许做这件事。
它比直接说“I want a glass of water.”(我想要一杯水。
)要委婉得多。
三、May的奇妙之处。
1. 表示许可。
- “May I use your pen?”(我可以用你的笔吗?)这里的“may”比“can”在请求许可时更加正式、客气。
就好像是在一个很庄重的场合,你小心翼翼地询问是否能使用别人的东西。
2. 表示可能性。
- “It may rain tomorrow.”(明天可能会下雨。
)“may”在这里就像一个小预言家,给我们一种不太确定的感觉,只是说有下雨的可能性,不是肯定会下雨。
四、Must的强硬角色。
1. 表示必要性或义务。
- “You must wear a seatbelt in the car.”(你必须在汽车里系安全带。
)“must”就像一个严厉的小警察,规定了你一定要做这件事,没有商量的余地。
2. 表示推测(用于肯定句中)- “He must be at home because his car is in the driveway.”(他一定在家,因为他的车在车道上。
情态动词讲解情态动词讲解情态动词是英语中常用的动词,它可以表示说话者对所说内容的态度、看法或程度等。
它在句子中多占第一位,后才接动词的原形。
情态动词也叫条件动词,它主要包括can,could,may,might,shall,should,will,would,must等。
一、cancan 可以表示“能够,会”的意思,表示能力,而且是推测性的能力。
另外,can还有“允许,请求”的意思。
常见的句型有:1)Can you come with me? 你能和我一起来吗?2)Can you answer this question? 你能回答这个问题吗?3)He can speak three languages. 他会说三种语言。
二、couldcould 表示能力,表示过去的能力,表示推测性的语气。
常见的句型有:1)Could you help me? 你可以帮助我吗?2)Could you tell me your name? 你可以告诉我你的名字吗? 3)She could speak two languages when she was five. 五岁时,她会说两种语言。
三、maymay 表示允许,许可,也可以表示可能,推测性的可能。
常见的句型有:1) May I come in? 我可以进来吗?2)May I go outside? 我可以出去吗?3)It may rain tonight. 今晚可能会下雨。
四、mightmight 可以表示可能,推测性的可能,它比may更加虚弱。
常见的句型有:1)He might come here tomorrow. 明天他可能会来这里。
2)The weather might change tomorrow. 明天天气可能会变化。
3)Might I help you? 我可以帮助你吗?五、shallshall 可以表示建议,也可以表示未来的时间。
它的用法和will 有一定的相似之处,但是它比will更正式,也比will更加强调客观事实。