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chapter 8 Verbal Intercultural Communication

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Verbal InterculturalCommunication跨文化

Verbal InterculturalCommunication跨文化

Five categories of words based on the degree of equivalence:
1.Terms in one language that has equivalents (or near equivalents) in the other language. Comparatively there are fewer such words. e.g. fox：an animal, cunning • Many terms for natural substance as well as scientific and technological terms are this kind: water, rain, snow, computer, clone, etc.
American values
1.Strike while the iron is hot. • In U.S. people who take quick action are highly valued. • 2.A man’s home is his castle. • The value of privacy, the male orientation, implying the home belongs to the man.
龙 Long ≠ Dragon
• 龙的传人（The descendents of the Long） • 望子成龙 • 龙飞凤舞 • 龙腾虎跃 • 龙马精神 • A fire-spitting monster • Cruel and fierce • Destroys and must be destroyed • Chase the dragon（吸食 海洛因）

verbal communication

verbal communication

Clips from the Joy Luck Club
Verbal intercultural communication 什么时候发生
Verbal intercultural communication happens when people from different cultural backgrounds communicate with each other bye divine land of China has its rivers flowing across; the brilliant culture of China has its roots tracing back long…The light-some dragon-boats appear on the river as though the stars twinkle in the Milky Way. The richly decorated pleasure boats look like a scene of mirage. The splendid awnings in green and gold chain into a palace of crystal. Is this a fairyland or a mere dream? Looking above, you can see the beautiful doves flying about. Looking below, you can see the sailing lamps glittering. Cracking are the fireworks, which present you a picture of fiery trees and silver flowers. Circling are the lantern-dancers, who present you a variation of exquisite manner. Over there the motor boats are plowing the waters, thus a tide stirs up. Over there the marksmen are shooting to their targets, thus colorful beads whirl around. Besides, the birds' chirping, the potted landscape's charm, the exhibition of arts and painting, all claim a strong appeal to you. Therefore, we should say, XXX is a city of no night; its Dragon-boat Festival a gathering of heroes.

Verbal Intercultural Communication

Verbal Intercultural Communication

Correct and reasonable use of language could achieve effective result in verbal intercultural communication.

Verbal Intercultural Communication
Verbal Intercultural Communication
English Dragon(龙)
Chinese Dragon(
龙)

Chapter 6 Verbal Intercultural Communication
Chinese word English word Associated meaning in Chinese Associated meaning in English
凤凰 phoenix symbol of fortune
and queen
symbol of renaissance
symbol of evil symbol of evil

a. Words with different associated meanings
Language reflects the environment we live in, history, custom, values and so on, which are diverse in different cultures. So words that refer to the same object may have different associated（联想的） meanings. The culturally-loaded words and expressions are good examples showing the cultural influence on the meanings of words.

verbal_communication

verbal_communication

----Sometimes we think about this but talk about that.
Significance
Significance
• Verbal communication differentiates humans and makes them unique from all creatures.
Verbal communication
definition significance forms/styles cultural differences in verbal communication
Definition
Definition
• definition in our book:Verbal intercultural communication happens when people from different cultural backgrounds communicate with each other by using language.
In U.S
In Asian China Japan Moderate uncertainty avoidance, high context Low uncertainty avoidance, low context High uncertainty avoidance, high context High power distance, collective, high context Low power distance, individualistic, low context Collective, high context Individualistic, low context

(完整版)大学跨文化交际期末总结word打印版

(完整版)大学跨文化交际期末总结word打印版

Chapter 1 CultureDefinitions:1 Culture is the deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, actions, attitudes, hierarchies, religions, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and artifacts acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving. 文化是个人和群体在种族发展过程中所获得的知识、经验、信仰、价值观、行为、态度、阶级、宗教、时间观、角色、空间观、宇宙观和艺术品的集合。

(P12/P29)2 Cultural Identity refers to one’s sense of belonging to a particular culture or ethnic group.文化身份：认为自己归属于某一文化或民族群体的感觉。

(P19/29)3 Subculture exist within dominant cultures and are often based on economic or social class, ethnicity, race, or geographic region.指存在于主流文化中的文化，其划分通常基于经济地位、社会阶层、民族、种族或地理区域.(P23/29)4 Subgroups usually do not involve the same large number of people and are not necessarily thought of as accumulating values and patterns of behavior over generations in the same way as culture do.相对于亚文化和共文化群体，亚群体通常规模不大，也不一定有文化群体世代相传积累的价值观念和行为模式。

chapter 8 Verbal Intercultural Communication

chapter 8 Verbal Intercultural Communication
different languages in different ways.
b) Greetings and farewells
c) Compliments and responses to
compliments
a) Taboos and euphemism
a) Forms of address
b) Greetings and farewells
➢ Culture and Word Meaning ➢ Culture and the Way of Saying Things
Verbal Intercultural Communication
➢Culture and Word Meaning
1. Word differences are obvious in various languages. The relation between word and its meaning is
freedom and self-fulfillment in western culture.
➢ Culture and the Way of Saying Things
a) Forms of address
People, from different cultural backgrounds, speak
平均主义/ equalitarian The belief that everyone is e义
same chance to do something.
d. Proverbs
Verbal Intercultural Communication
Proverbs are fruits of wisdom. Proverbs reflect religion, morality, values, and life experience. Chinese culture has been greatly influenced by Confucian philosophy emphasizing the social relationships. In contrast, there are more proverbs describing the preference of independence,

8.verbal com.-the way people speak跨文化交际


跨文化交际
2
Warm-up Questions
Cultures influence communication styles. Although this point may seem obvious, cultural styles can and do create misunderstandings in conversations among people from different cultures. A conversation between an Italian and an American. The Italian made a strong political statement with which he knew his American friend would disagree. The Italian wanted to involve the American in a lively discussion. The American, rather than openly disagreeing, said, “Well, everyone is entitled to an opinion. I accept that your opinion is different from mine.” The Italian responded, “That’s all you have to say about it?” In general, the American did not enjoy verbal conflicts over politics or anything else. The Italian actually became angry when the American refused to get involved in the discussion. He later explained to the American, “A conversation isn’t fun unless it becomes heated.” Questio n

跨文化交际 Intercultural Communication智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年

跨文化交际 Intercultural Communication智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下内蒙古民族大学内蒙古民族大学绪论单元测试1.Foreigners are interested to learn about Chinese Culture and Chinese People.At the same time, there are misunderstandings of Chinese culture.A:错 B:对答案:对2.Overseas experiences can expand one's vision and enrich one'sunderstanding of Intercultural Communication.A:对 B:错答案:对3.Before communicating with others, you need to understand your own culturewell.A:错 B:对答案:对4.Culture learning is not so important as language learning.A:错 B:对答案:错5.Knowing all the words and having perfect grammar of a language is enoughto deal with Intercultural Communication.A:错 B:对答案:错6.Everything abroad is the same as “at home”.A:错 B:对答案:错7.In this course, we are going to learn aboutA:Intercultural communication barriers B:Verbal and non-verbalcommunication C:Thearatical foundations of Intercultural Communication D:Acquring Intercultural Communication Competence答案:Intercultural communication barriers;Verbal and non-verbalcommunication;Thearatical foundations of InterculturalCommunication;Acquring Intercultural Communication Competence8.In the study of intercultural communication, we are going to achieve thegoals ofA:understanding the basic termsB:developing communicative competence C:fostering critical thinking ofdifferent cultures D:avoiding potential problems in interculturalcommunication答案:understanding the basic terms;developing communicative competence;fostering critical thinking ofdifferent cultures;avoiding potential problems in interculturalcommunication9.The course you are taking isA:Phycology B:Communication C:Intercultural Communication D:EnglishLiterature答案:Intercultural Communication10.When being asked by other people about your culture, you will be moreaware of your identity.A:对 B:错答案:对第一章测试1.The dialogues at the United Nations, for example, would be termed _________.A:international communication B:interpersonal communication C:interracial communication D:interethnic communication答案:international communication2.In China, if a Tibetan communicates with a Han, it is _____.A:interracial communication B:international communication C:interethnic communication D:interpersonal communication答案:interethnic communication3._____ is the socialization process you go through to adapt to your society.A:Enculturation B:Deculturation C:Acculturation D:Assimilation答案:Enculturation4.Many of the same proverbs appear throughout the world, because all people,regardless of their culture, share common____.A:experiences B:stories C:languages D:arts答案:experiences5.In the popular cultural iceberg metaphor, you can only see about 10-15%above the surface, most part of the iceberg is under the water, which is a bit of a mystery. Which of the following do you think are above the water?A:clothing B:food C:architecture D:music答案:clothing;food;architecture ;music6.Six reasons of why study intercultural communication were mentioned，please try pick the ones mentioned in the following.A:technology B:imperative C:self-awarenessD:demographic changes答案:technology;imperative;self-awareness;demographic changes7.Culture can be categorized as either material or nonmaterial culture.A:对 B:错答案:对8.Culture is that complex whole whichincludes knowledge,belief,arts,morals,law,custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.A:对 B:错答案:对9.It is reasonable that we use what's below our surface to try to understandwhat's above somebody else’s.A:错 B:对答案:错10."Dig the well before you are thirsty" is a Chinese proverb meaning "吃水不忘挖井人”。

跨文化交际复习

Chapter 1 CultureI.定义Culture(from intellectual perspective):从知性角度定义文化：作为整体的人类智力成就的艺术和其他表现Culture(from anthropologic perspective)：从人类学角度定义文化：文化有清晰和模糊的行为模式构成，这些模式通过符号获得并传播，这些符号有人类群体的特别成就构成，包括具体的人工制品。

文化的基本核心由传统思想和与其相关的价值观构成。

Culture(from psychological perspective) : 从心理学角度定义文化：文化是使一个人类群体成员区别于其他人类群体的思维的总体规划。

Culture(from sociological perspective):从社会学角度定义文化：文化是一种可习得的，基于群体的认知模式——包括言语与非言语符号，态度，价值观，信仰和非信仰系统以及行为。

Culture(from intercultural communication perspective):从跨文化交际学角度定义文化：文化是个人和群体在种族发展过程中所获得的知识，经验，信仰，价值观，行为，态度，阶级，宗教，时间观，角色，空间观和艺术品的集合。

Culture Identity: 文化身份：认为自己归属于某一文化或民族群体的感觉。

Subculture亚文化：指存在于主流文化中的文化，其划分通常基于经济地位，社会阶层，民族，种族或地理区域。

Co-culture 共文化——指具有独特的交际特征，感知特点，价值观，信仰和行为，区别于其他群体，社团以及主流文化的群体或社团。

Subgroup 亚群体——相对于亚文化和共文化群体，亚群体通常规模不大，也不一定有文化群体时代相传积累的价值观念和行为模式。

Chapter 2 Communication and Intercultural Communication1. Sender/Source信息发出者/信息源：指传递信息的人2. Message信息：只引起信息接受者反应的任何信号。

跨文化交际(UNIT 8)


2021/6/16
11
Reading II
➢ It is not suggested that ethnocentrism is always
deliberate. Often the expression of ethnocentrism is a
1. What is ethnocentrism? ➢ I do not trust people who are different. ➢ I dislike interacting with people from different cultures. ➢ I have little respect for the values and customs of other
➢ Most people from other cultures just don’t know what’s good or them.
➢ Most people would be happier if they lived like people in my culture.
➢ People in my culture have just about the best lifestyles of anywhere.
2021/6/16
1
Intercultural Communication Unit 8
Cross-Cultural Perception
2021/6/16
2
Warm Up
Please read the story on page 264 and fill in the blanks.
What do you think of the story?
Review of Unit 7
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Verbal intercultural communication
Verbal intercultural communication happens when people from different cultural backgrounds communicate with each other by using language.
Chinese word
凤凰
English word
phoenix
Associated meaning in Chinese
symbol of fortune and queen
Associated meaning in English
symbol of renaissance
龙 dragon symbol of emperor symbol of evil
freedom and self-fulfillment in western culture.
➢ Culture and the Way of Saying Things
a) Forms of address
People, from different cultural backgrounds, speak
Verbal Intercultural
Communication
a. Words with different associated meanings
Language reflects the environment we live in, history, custom, values and so on, which are diverse in different cultures. So words that refer to the same object may have different associated（联想的） meanings. The culturally-loaded words and expressions are good examples showing the cultural influence on the meanings of words.
蝙蝠 bat symbol of fortune symbol of evil
b. Words without counterpart in another language
Language reflects culture, and cultural diversity leads to the lack of vocabulary equivalence, concept equivalence and experience equivalence. Therefore, there are a lot of words that we fail to find the counterparts in another language. For example, the English word “hippies”, “motel”, we cannot find exact counterpart in Chinese.
harsh(令人不快的）, blunt（生硬的）, or offensive.
2. Culture and Communication Style
Culture influences the style of communication at great level. When we are in an unfamiliar country, it is wise to watch and learn the way native people communicate first. Culture and Conversation Pattern
d) Taboos and euphemism
Taboo (禁忌) refers to some words or actions that are avoided by a particular group of people, or in
certain culture for religious or social reasons. Euphemism（委婉语）means the act of substituting a mild, indirect, or vague term for one considered
c) Compliments and responses to
compliments
Compliments and praises are of great social functions. Concerning compliments and compliment responses, the pragmatic rules are various in different cultures. In American culture, the topic of compliments can be varied. Their response to compliments is positive. Chinese people are shy to compliment others and also shy to accept compliments.
Chinese culture is relation-oriented. Maintaining or promoting relation calls for something interpersonal, so it is quite acceptable in China to greet each other by asking private questions, while English people have a very strong sense of privacy. “Good-bye” or “Bye-Bye” is acceptable both in English and Chinese, and it is a very formal way. English people also say “See you”, “See you later”, “Good night”, and “Have a nice day”. Those expressions convey less personal concerns than Chinese routines such as “Walk slowly”, “Stay longer”.
American Motel
American Hippies in the 1960s
Verbal Intercultural Communication
c. Confusing translation
Cultural distinctions lead to different connotations, so some expressions are really confusing when translated. For example: “unit”—“单位” “equalitarian” — “平均主义/平等主义”, “materialism” — “物质主义/唯物主义”.
➢ Culture and Word Meaning ➢ Culture and the Way of Saying Things
Verbal Intercultural Communication
➢Culture and Word Meaning
1. Word differences are obvious in various languages. The relation between word and its meaning is
跨文化交际
Verbal Intercultural Communication
Learning objectives :
Verbal Intercultural Communication
Verbal Intercultural Communication
1. Language and culture
Chapter 6 Verbal Intercultural Communication
Chinese Words 单位
Confusing translation
unit
English words’ Connotation
A thing, person or group that is regarded as one single whole part of something larger.
物质主义/ materialism ( Nhomakorabea) The belief that money and possessions
唯物主义
rather than things of the mind such as
art or religion.
(2) The belief that only physical things really exist.
different languages in different ways.
b) Greetings and farewells
c) Compliments and responses to
compliments
a) Taboos and euphemism
a) Forms of address
b) Greetings and farewells
Relationship between language and culture
Mastering all those rules of language，such as phonology（语音体系）, morphology（词态学）, syntax（句法学） and semantics（语义学）, is still not enough for effective communication, for language and culture cannot be separated. They are intertwined缠结, shaping each other.