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高考英语专题复习主谓一致（附答案）I. 考点分析一、概述主谓一致是指句子成分之间或词语之间在人称、性、数等方面的一致关系。
处理主谓一致一般应遵循以下三条原则：1. 语法一致，即在语法形式上取得一致。
例如，主语为单数形式，谓语动词也为单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也采取复数形式。
a. The number of errors was surprising.b. Julia and her twin sister naturally look a lot alike.2. 意义一致，即从意义着眼处理一致关系。
a. The crowd were fighting for their lives. ( 单形名词主语要求复数谓语动词，下划线部分表示一个整体中的成员)b. Five minutes is enough. ( 复数名词单数谓语动词，下划线部分表示一个数目)3. 邻近原则，即指谓语动词的形式与邻近的名词一致。
a. A man of abilities are needed.（动词are不与主语a man一致，而与其邻近的复形名词abilities 形式上一致。
二、主谓一致注意要点：1. 当名词词组中心词为表示度量、时间等复数名词时，往往可根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词采取单数形式。
a. The dollars is not enough.b. Three months passes in no time at all on the ranch.如果明显地指一个个个体，则要根据语法一致地原则，谓语动词用复数形式。
a. There are two sliver dollars in each of the stockings.2. 如果名词词组中心词是all, most, half, the last, the rest, the remainder等词组时，其主谓关系一般遵循意义一致的原则：如所指为复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；如所指为单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式。
一、语法一致原则主语单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式，即主语是单数，谓语用单数，主语是复数，谓语用复数。
Tow students are waiting for you in your office.两名学生在办公室等你。
二、意义一致原则谓语动词用单数的情况(1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现。
The worker and writer is from Wuhan.那个工人兼作家来自武汉。
(2)“no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋单数名词”作主语。
Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。
(3)one/every one/each/either/the number of＋复数名词作主语。
Each of the students has a book.每个学生都有一本书。
(4)由every，any，some，no和one，thing，body等所构成的不定代词作主语。
Is everybody here today？今天每个人都在这儿吗？(5)非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。
Persuading him to join us seems really hard.劝他加入我们看起来确实难。
To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.早睡早起是一个好习惯。
Whatever was left was taken away.无论剩下了什么都被拿走了。
注意：what引导的主语从句，谓语动词一般用单数形式，若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式，则谓语动词用复数形式。
What they need are books.他们需要的是书。
主谓一致英语中的一致主要包括主语和谓语在人称和单复数上的一致、时态一致、名词和其代词一致.谓语动词的形式必须随着主语单复数形式的变化而变化.高考英语中主要以完形填空和语法填空的形式，同时可能会结合其他语法点比如非谓语动词和复合句等来考查。
一、主谓一致的三原则主谓一致一般要遵循三个原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则。
（一）语法一致原则主语和谓语通常是从语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式,谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。
Jolin has made great success with so many years going on。
Jolin是单数形式，谓语动词have也应当用单数形式hasThe Jolins are very fond of singing .the Jolins 指一家人，表示复数，谓语动词be也应当用复数形式are。
（二）意义一致原则意义一致原则是指从意义着眼来处理主谓一致问题。
有时候主语在形式上是单数形式，但是其意义是负数，谓语动词根据意义而定，采用复数形式。
The singer and artist is holding a concert called “land blue”.歌星和大艺术家是同一个人,是单数。
The old are very well taken care of in our city。
the old 指所有老年人，指一类人，是复数。
（三）就近原则就近原则是指谓语动词的变化以靠近谓语动词的主语部分而定。
Linlin or you are supposed to get into the hole。
1You是最靠近谓语动词的主语部分，因此be动词应当用复数形式的are。
二、主谓一致的详细讲解（一）代词作主语1．不定代词either，neither, each, one，the other，another以及复合不定代词someone，somebody等作主语，谓语动词用单数。
1.主谓一致是指英语中谓语在人称、数及意义方面要与作主语的名词或代词一致。
2.主谓一致分为语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。
（1）语法一致原则：主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。
主语为单数，谓语用单数；主语为复数，谓语用复数。
I often help him and he often helps me.（2）意义一致原则：主语和谓语在意义上单复数一致。
主语为单数，谓语用单数；主语为复数，谓语用复数。
The police are searching the woods for the murderer.（3）就近一直原则：当主语有两个或两个以上时，谓语动词由靠近它的主语确定。
并列主语的谓语一致1.And（1）两个单数名词用and连接，表示不同概念时，谓语用发复数。
Tom and Jack are close friends.（2）两个单数名词用and连接，表示同一歌人、同一个物，同一个概念，或表示不可分割的整体时，谓语用单数。
The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party.（3）被every，each，many a，no等限定的单数名词由and连接时，谓语仍用单数，其中，后一个限定词可以省略。
every ……and ……every，each……and……each，no……and……no, many a……and……many a。
Each boy and (each) girl has an apple.（4）一个单数名词被几个用and连接的并列形容词修饰时，可以指一件事或几件事，这种名词作主语，要根据意义一致的原则决定单复数。
Simple and plain living is a fine quality.生活简朴一种优良品质。
Ancient and modern history are the subjects we are studying.（5）由and连接的两个what的从句作主语时，要根据意义一致的原则决定单复数What he says and does do not agree.（言行不一致）What he says and does does not concern me.2.由either or, neither nor, not but, not only but also,or, nor连接的并列主语，谓语动词常和邻近的主语一致。
高考英语主谓一致知识点总结高考英语主谓一致知识1(一) 语法一致原则即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. 以下为注意事项:1. 单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数.如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质.No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。
2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数. 如:The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人)A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物)用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体,如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数.如:Serving the people is my great happiness.为人民服务是我的幸福.When we’ll go out for an outing has been decided.我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。
4. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时, 谓语动词用单数.Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳.No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席.Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。
主谓一致一、语法一致1.and,both...and...连接并列成分作主语。
此时谓语动词用复数形式eg. The plastic and rubber never rot.2.主语后带有with,as well as等引起的短语时此时谓语动词的数要和这些短语前面的主语保持一致（就远一致的原则）eg. The leader and artist as well as some of our English teachers was given a chance to go abroad last year.3.不定代词或由不定代词修饰的词作主语若是表示单数意义的each,either等，谓语动词用单数；若是表示复数意义的both,few等，谓语动词用复数。
eg. Everything is in a complete mass.不定代词each,every,no修饰名词且用and连接多个并列主语，谓语动词仍用单数形式。
eg. In our country,every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.4.“a/the number of+复数名词”作主语“the number of+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式“a number of+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式eg. A number of students have gone for an outing.The number of the students is increasing year after year.5.由两部分构成一个整体的名词作主语此时谓语动词常用复数形式。
但主语前有a series of,a kind of,a piece of,a pair of 等修饰时，谓语动词的单复数形式与表示计量单位的名词的单复数形式一致。
eg. My trousers are old,so I want to buy a new pair.A pair of shoes is lying under the bed.“名词+of this kind”作主语时，谓语动词与of 前的名词保持数的一致。
高考英语语法复习句法知识讲解一、主谓一致在英文中，谓语的形式要与主语保持一致。
比如，你、我、他是学生，中文“是”字是一样的，只有主语不同。
英文的动词要根据主语不同而改变：I am，you are，he is。
主谓一致有三大原则：语法一致，意义一致，就近一致。
（一）语法一致名词是单数，谓语动词是单数。
不可数名词、集体名词、动词不定式、动名词等，谓语动词也用单数。
Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。
The team is playing well. 这个团队表现得很好。
To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
Swimming is good exercise. 游泳是一项很好的运动。
记住：绝大多数都用单数，只有明确的复数名词，谓语动词才用复数。
My parents are teachers. 我的父母都是老师。
The shoes are all right. 这些鞋子很合适。
鞋、裤子、眼镜，只能是复数，如果前面加上“一双”“一条”，后面的动词就是单数。
A pair of glasses is very expensive. 一副眼镜很贵。
要想搞清楚谓语用单数还是复数，一定要准确锁定主语。
All except me in my family are going to the park. 很显然，all才是真正的主语，所以是复数。
She as well as the other girls is reading a book. 在这里，She才是真正的主语，所以是单数。
"more than one +名词"作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
例如：More than one teacher gets the flowers."half of, the rest of, most of, all of, 百分数/分数+of +名词"作主语时，谓语动词形式根据of后的名词而定。
主谓一致一、语法形式上的一致。
主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。
例如：Jane and Mary look healthy and strong．The number of mistakes was surprising．解释：主语是the number,谓语是was对于数字而言，它是单数，所以用了was；反思：the number of通常跟a number of来对比，a number of是大量的的意思；后面通常是可数名词的复数，所以谓语也跟着用复数形式，比如a number of people are rushing to the toilet.二、意义上一致1.主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。
例如：The crowd were running for their lives．单数形式表示复数意义的词有people，police，cattle，militia等。
2.主语形式为复数而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。
例如：The news was very exciting．形复意单的单词有news，works(工厂)和一些以ics结尾的学科名称，如physics，politics，mathematics等。
三、就近原则即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
如用连词or，either…or，neither...nor，not only…but also等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。
例如：Either your students or Mr.Wang knows this．四、应注意的几个问题。
1.名词作主语1)某些集体名词(如family，team等)作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式；如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。
例如：The whole family are watching TV.His family is going to have a long journey.这类名词有：audience，class，club，committee，company，crew，crowd，enemy，government，group，party，public，team，etc.名词population一词的使用情况跟上述类似。
高考英语语法：主谓一致主谓一致是指句子的主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。
主谓一致一般遵循三个原则：语法一致(或叫形式一致)，意义一致或就近一致①.语法一致: 主谓在语法形式上一致, 即主语是单数形式, 谓语用单数, 主语是复数形式, 谓语用复数②.意义一致: 根据主语的内在涵义的单复数确定谓语的单复数③.就近一致: 一个句子中有两个或两个以上的主语,谓语和靠近它的那个主语保持人称和数的一致分述1.当主语是不定代词somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody, everything, nothing, something, anything等时, 谓语动词用第三人称单数a. Somebody is waiting for you outside.b. Nobody knows the answer.有些不定代词作主语时, 据意义确定谓语动词的单复数. 若不定代词所指为单数意义, 谓语用单数; 若不定代词所指为复数意义, 谓语用复数. 这类词有: all, some, any, more, most, half 等a. All are happy to hear the news.b. All that has to be done has been done.c. Most of the surface of the earth is covered by water.d. Half of the wood has been carried away.2.集体名词如: family, class, army, enemy,government, group, team等作主语时, 如果将其看作一个整体, 则谓语动词用单数, 若看成其中的成员(个体), 则谓语动词用复数a. My family is a happy one. / All my family are music lovers.b. Our class is the best in our school. / The whole class are having a discussion about the problem.集体名词people, cattle, police, youth等作主语时, 谓语动词常用复数a. The police are looking for the thief.b. Cattle are not allowed to graze here.3.代词none和neither作主语时, 谓语动词根据说话人的意思用单数或复数. 当说话人着眼于任何一个都不时, 谓语动词用单数; 当说话人着眼于全都不时, 谓语动词用复数a. None of them has a car. ( 他们没有一个人有汽车)b. None of them have a car. ( 他们都没有汽车)c. None of them knows the answer. ( 他们两个谁也不知道答案)d. None of them know the answer. ( 他们两个都不知道答案)4.bothand连接两个主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数. eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut 连接两个主语时, 采取就近原则, 即谓语动词和靠近它的那个主语保持一致a. Both Tom and Jerry were late for school that day.b. Either you or he has dropped waste paper in the street.c. Neither he nor I have forgotten for pay for the drinks.5.在There be和Here be结构中, 句子的主语在be之后, 如果主语不止一个, 那么谓语动词be与邻近的主语一致a. There is a desk, a table, three chairs in the room.b. There are three chairs, a desk and a table in the room.c. Here are two letters and a magazine for you.6.如果主语后面跟有with, together with, along with, as well as, but, except, besi des, including, like, rather than, no less than, in addition to(除外)等引导的短语时, 谓语动词的形式只与主语有关, 而与其后的短语无关a. The teacher with three student s was in the classroom then.b. This book, as well as the other two books, is borrowed from our school library.c. None but Jim and Mike knows my secret.d. Seven people, including a policeman, were killed.7.表示时间, 长度, 距离, 金额, 价值, 重量, 容量等的复数名词作主语时, 通常作整体看待, 即表示总量或总和, 谓语动词用单数. 若把它们看作一个个的个体, 即强调其具体数量时, 谓语动词用复数形式a. Twenty years is a long time to us.b. Two hundred miles is not a long distance.c. Ten thousand US dollars is a lot of money.d. There are ten minutes left.8.在四则运算中, 谓语动词用单复数均可, 但单数形式更为多用a. Two and ten is / are twelve.b. Three times five is / are fifteen.9.动名词或动词不定式作主语时, 谓语动词用单数a. Smoking / To smoke is a bad habit.b. Carving animal bones is not an easy job.10.主语从句作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数. 但若主语从句所指的具体内容为复数意义时, 谓语动词用复数a. What we need is more time.b. What we need are more doctors.11.以-s结尾的专有名词作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数, 这类专有名词如: General Motors(通用汽车公司), the United Nations(联合国), the United States, the New York Times(纽约时报)等.a. The New York Times is published daily.b. The Arabian Nights is a popular reading among the young people.表示群岛, 山脉, 瀑布的专有名词作主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数, 如:the Andes(安第斯山脉), the Alps(阿尔卑斯山脉), the West Indies(西印度群岛), the Niagara Falls(尼加拉大瀑布)12.有些形式为复数, 而意义为单数的名词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 这类名词如: news, works(工厂), politics(政治), physics(物理), mathematics(数学 )等13.以-s或-es结尾, 由对称的两部分构成的物体作主语时, 谓语动词用复数. 这类物体如: trousers, glasses, jeans(牛仔裤), scissors(剪刀), shades(太阳镜)等. 如果这类名词前用了pair, 则谓语动词的数取决于pair的数a. Here is a pair of glasses for you.b. There are three pairs of jeans in the bag.14. 分数或百分数+ of + 名词作主语时, 谓语动词视名词的可数与否采用单数或复数a. Over three quarters of the city was destroyed in the war.b. 35 percent of the do ctors are women.c. Thirty percent of the workers are out of work now.d. One third of the water has been wasted.15.用and连接两个或两个以上的单数名词作主语时, 谓语动词用复数. 如果and连接的两个名词指的是同一人、事、物或概念( 如: a knife and f ork一副刀叉, the bread and butter奶油面包, my house and home我的家)时, 则谓语动词用单数a. Many books and a pen are on the desk.b. The pianist and composer (钢琴家兼作曲家) has come to this small town.16. the + adj.表示一类人或事物作主语时, 谓语动词用复数. the +adj.若表示抽象概念或品质, 则谓语用单数a. The old in the city are taken good care of.b. The beautiful gives pleasure to all of us.美给我们以快乐17.more than one和many a + 单数名词作主语时, 谓语用单数a. Many a student has won the prize.很多学生获了奖b. More than one person has made the same mistake.不止一人犯了同样的错误。
18.every A and every B, each A and each B, no A and no B, many a A and many a B等词组作主语时, 谓语用单数a. No man and woman has joined the party.19.主语中有pair, glass等量词时, 谓语动词的数要与这些量词保持一致a. Three pairs of shoes are under the bed.14. 分数或百分数+ of + 名词作主语时, 谓语动词视名词的可数与否采用单数或复数a. Over three quarters of the city was destroyed in the war.b. 35 percent of the doctors are women.c. Thirty percent of the workers are out of work now.d. One third of the water has been wasted.15.用and连接两个或两个以上的单数名词作主语时, 谓语动词用复数. 如果and连接的两个名词指的是同一人、事、物或概念( 如: a knife and fork一副刀叉, the bread and butter奶油面包, my house and home我的家)时, 则谓语动词用单数a. Many books and a pen are on the desk.b. The pianist and composer (钢琴家兼作曲家) has come to this small town.16. the + adj.表示一类人或事物作主语时, 谓语动词用复数. the +adj.若表示抽象概念或品质, 则谓语用单数a. The old in the city are taken good care of.b. The beautiful gives pleasure to all o f us.美给我们以快乐17.more than one和many a + 单数名词作主语时, 谓语用单数a. Many a student has won the prize.很多学生获了奖b. More than one person has made the same mistake.不止一人犯了同样的错误。
