(天津专版)2018年高考英语二轮复习专题三阅读理解第一节六大解题技巧

A(2017·河西区二模)Howdidonemanprovethatsmallkindnessesaddup?MyfamilyfirstmetWallyUrtz，thegentle，modestmanagerofourlocalsupermarket，onawindydaynearly20yearsagojustafterwe’dmovedto Hastings-on-Hudson，aNewYorkCitysuburb.Asmywifemadeherwaytothestore’sexit，attendinghergroceriesandtwosmallchildren，Wallyrushedupbesideher.“I’llgetthose，younglady，”hesaidbrightly，takingherbagsandleadinghertotheparkinglot.Nowthatmayseemlikenobigdeal—exceptth atthesedaysthingslikethatsoseldomhappen.Ourstory，asitturnedout，wastypical.AmongHastings’s8,000peoplelivinghere，almosteverybodyhadatleastoneaboutWally’spolitenessandgenerosity.Thereweretheti meshe’dreachintohisownpocketwhensomeonewasshortofmoney；thetimeshe’dshowsmallkindnessestosomeonewho’djustlostalovedoneorwhowasinthemi ddleofdivorce；themany，manytimeshe’dputhimselfoutforolderpeople.“Hejustappreciatedthatwhenpeoplegetolder，theirlivesgetsmaller—theydon’tdrive，theirfriendshavepassedon—andhowmuchitmeanstobetreatedwarmly，”onewoman，KathyDragansaid.“Whenmymotherwasinher80s，itwasatreatforhertogotothestore.”Wallywouldcallouttotheshopclerkandsay，“Yougiveherwhateverattentionsheneeds.”She’dtellme，“He’skindertomethansomepeopleI’veknownallmylife.”Yetfewofusfullyunderstoo dwhatWallymeanttothepeople’slifeofourcommunity—un tilhewassenttoanotherstore20milesaway.Forsomeunknownreason，theFoodEmporiumchainhaddecidedtoreplace67-year-oldWallyafter26yearsdueto “operationalissuesrelatedtooperatingastorethesizeoftheoneinHastings”．Noonecouldbelieveit.Wordspreadquickly.Neighborscalledeachotherseekingthefee lingofemotionalcomfort.SomeplannedtobringWallybackandstagedprotestmarchesoutsid ethestore.Othersfloodedthelocalnewspaperwithangryletters.Themayortookupthecause .Eventhepolicetriedtosetthingsright.Agrocerseemsanunlikelyfiguretosetoffsuchanemotionaloutpouring(流露)．WhathedidshowstheremarkableeffectWally—amanofendlesswarmthandgoodhumor—h adonpeople.1．Accordingtothepassage，whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE? A．WallyUrtzisalwaysreadytohelpotherseveryday. B．WallyUrtzisamanwhowantstodrawattentiontohim. C．WallyUrtzhelpedtheauthor’swifeonpurpose. D．TheauthorhadknownWallyUrtzbeforewemovedtoHastings-on-Hudson.答案 A解析推理判断题。

题型组合练(三)Ⅰ.单项填空1．—ThankyouforyourKindle.I’llaskTonytotakeitbacktoyousoon.—.I’veboughtanewone.(2017·南开区四模，1)A．Nosense B．NohurryC．Noway D．Nouse答案 B解析nosense没感觉；nohurry不用着急；noway没门；nouse没有用。

根据“I’veboughtanewone.”可知选B。

2．Thestatementthatpeoplemustarriveatschool10minutesaheadofthebeginningofthefir stclassbothteachersandtheschoolheadmaster.A．goesagainst B．comesatC．appealsto D．goesfor答案 D解析句意为：第一节上课前十分钟必须到校的申明同时适用于教师和校长。

gofor意为“适用于”。

3．ItismehowyouandOscarcanshareanapartmentforsolong.You’retidywhilehe’ssomess y.A．against B．withC．beyond D．for答案 C解析句意为：你怎么能和奥斯卡同住一间公寓这么长时间，我真搞不懂。

你很爱干净而他却很邋遢。

beyondme超出我的理解范围，我无法理解。

故选C。

4．AsaChinesesayinggoes，amountainbetoohighoranoceantoodeep.Therefore，thereisnoendtoourself­improvement.(2016·天津一中月考，28)A．shallnever B．willeverC．cannever D．mustever答案 C解析句意为：正如一句中国的古话所说的那样：山不厌高，海不厌深。

高中英语阅读表达解题思路及练习（含答案）第一类题型：基础题解题方法探究首先，基础题虽然简单，但是学生得到满分也并不容易，因为本题型判卷标准苛刻，容易丢分，不容大意。

我在多年的教学实践中对本题型的解题方法和规律进行了一系列的探索，并初步总结出答题的思路和技巧。

下面拟以2018年3月天津高考卷为例（节选），探究该题型的思路.For many teenagers, a job is a way to earn a little extra money. For me, it is more than that.At the age of 16, I was offered my very first job as a shopgirl in a clothing store. Onthe first day, my manager was training me how to fold and organize platform afterplatform of clothes. The work seemed overwhelming, and everything had to be done in an accurate way. I got so impatient because I couldn’t get it right the first couple of times.After about ten tries, I had the clothes folded perfectly. Then it took me thirty minutes toget them all looking uniform. Now, I fold and organize clothes every day, and I’m able todo them well. Through this experience, I’ve learned to be patient.56．What was the author’s first job? (no more than 5 words)57．What is the meaning of the underlined word in Para. 2? (no more than 3 words)本题难度不大，但是得到满分却有点困难.首先，学生若照抄原文 A shopgirl in a clothing store.这样会超过词数限制.再者，有的同学会去掉冠词a 写成Shopgirl in a clothing store 。

2018年高考英语阅读理解解题技巧2018年高中英语阅读理解解题技巧新的高中英语教学大纲明确规定，侧重提高阅读能力。

近年来，高考英语试题中阅读理解能力占据主导地位，并且有逐年增加的趋势。

因此，做好阅读理解题是获得高考英语高分的关键。

阅读理解能力属于语言的领会技能，包括对书面语言的识别、理解、推理、判断和快速记忆等几个方面。

阅读理解不仅仅涉及到语音、语法、词汇这些语言因素，还涉及到非语言因素，即阅读者对所学语言国家的社会和文化背景知识的掌握、对所读材料内容的熟悉、个人经历、生活常识、逻辑知识和语言修养等各方面。

历年高考试题阅读理解命题特点和规律如下：1.语篇选材多为时文，题材多样化，信息丰富。

选材多源于英文报刊和网络媒体，包括名人轶事、历史传说、民间故事、寓言、幽默小品、日常生活、新闻报道、社会背景、政治经济、史地常识、科普文章等各个方面的知识，并且具有鲜明的英语语言文化特点和浓厚的时代气息。

阅读材料可以是叙述、描写、应用、说明、议论等文体皆备。

2.语篇的字数明显增加，对学生的阅读速度要求高。

阅读理解的词汇量保持在3500个左右，读速大约每分钟60-70个单词。

也就是说高考中的每篇文章要在6-8分钟完成。

3.增加了生词量，提高了猜词能力。

高考的文章大约有3%左右的生词，须根据上下文或整篇文章才能做出推断。

同时也检测考生利用构词法知识猜测词义的能力。

4.试题设计精巧，干扰项编制水平高。

阅读理解的能力要求，主要是通过短文后面的多项选择题进行检测的。

总体说来，其能力要求主要包括如下几方面：1.读材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节（包括根据上下文推断生词的词义）。

2.既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念。

3.既理解字面的意思，也理解深层的含义，包括作者的态度，意图等。

4.既理解某句、某段的含义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断。

5.既能根据所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。

A(2017·河东区一模)Do you ever wish for a little more time to do everything you need to do？Well，on July 1 you’ll be getting it—but only one more second.On July 1 at exactly 7：59：59 a．m.Beijing time (or on June 30 at 23：59：59 UTC，Coordinated Universal Time)，the world’s atomic(原子的) clocks will pause for a single second，or，more precisely，change to the unusual time of 7：59：60，according to .The addition of a leap second(闰秒)，announced by the Paris Observatory，is to keep our clocks in time with the slowing of Earth’s rotation(旋转) and astronomical time as measured by the sun.Just one extra second could cause big problems and affect the way computers and websites work，however.When the last leap second was added back in 2012，more than a few websites had some trouble.As reported by ，popular sites like the community website Reddit crashed when the leap second was added.For Reddit，the problem was eventually found to be with a Linux system that got confused when it checked the network time and found an extra second.Speaking to Wired about the problem back in 2012，Linux creator Linus Torvalds commented：“Almost every time we have a leap second，we find something.It’s really annoying，because it’s code(代码) that is almost never used，and thus not tested by users under their normal conditions.”Companies have had to think of their own solutions，and Google’s “leap smear”may be the best-known example.As company engineer Christopher Pascoe explains in a blog post，companies usually try to fix the problem by turning back the clocks by one second at the end of the day so that they play that second again.However，Pascoe believes this creates problems.He asked：“What happens？Does e-mail that comes in during that second get stored correctly？”Google has a solution：Cut the extra second into milliseconds and then put these tiny amounts of time into the system throughout the day.“This means that when it became time to add an extra second at midnight，”says Pascoe.“Our clocks have already taken this into account over the course of the day.”For many companies without Google’s money，however，the leap second will likelystill cause some crashes.Don’t worry，though—at least it won’t last long!1．Why do we need to add a leap second?A．The world’s atomic clocks are set to do so.B．To keep in time with the world’s computers.C．To keep atomic clocks in time with the slowing of Earth’s rotation.D．To record the changes to astronomical time.答案 C解析细节理解题。

A(2017·和平区一模)WilliamW．Purkey，awell-knownprofessorofeducation，said，“Dancelikenooneiswatching，lovelikeyou’llneverbehurt，singlikenooneislistening，andlivelikeit’sheavenonearth.”Itseemsliketheperfectlifephilosophy—andoneI’velearnedtoapplytorunningoverthey ear.ButIdidn’talwaysfeelthisway.Inmyearlydays，whenIweighed240pounds，Iranlikeeveryonewaswatching—andjudging.IfIwasonarunandsawacarapproaching，I’dstopandpretendIwaslookingforsomethingI’dlost.Iboughtthehigh-techgearandclo thesthatIthoughtwouldmakepeoplebelieveIwasarunner.AndIdidn’thaveaclueiftheexpe nsiveshoesIwaswearingweretherightkindforme—IjustwantedtolooklikeIfitinwiththis group.Tobehonest，Ifeltacertainsatisfactioninbelievingthatsomeonewaswatching.Ireallythoughtthatot herpeoplecaredaboutmyperformance.Thebestexampleofthiswasacombined，two-lapmarathoninFlorence，pproachedthefinishingline，thecrowdbegantocheer.Iwassurprised.HereIwas，thousandsofmilesfromhome，andtheItalianswereshoutingfor“IIPenguino”．About20yardsfromthefinishing，thetruthsetinwhenthewinnerofthefullmarathonwentpastmeasIwasfinishingthehalf-mar athon.Noonewascheeringforme.NooneprobablyevennoticedthatIwasfinishing.Icouldn’thelpbutsmileatmyownillusionofself-importance.That’swhenIrealizedIhadbeenrunningf oreveryreasonexcepttherightone.Irantoma keotherpeoplehappy，rantoliveuptotheirexpectations.Butnoonewaswatching，noonecared.SoIdecidedIwasgoingtorunforme—justme—andgainedanewenjoymentfromthe sportIhadn’ttrulyexperiencedyet.I’velearnedtorunlikenooneiswatching.Soifyouseemeatrace，andIlooklikea60-year-oldguywaddling(蹒跚) along，don’tworry.I’mfine.Themiracleisn’tthatIfinished.ThemiracleisthatIhadthecoura getostart.1．Thewriterpresentsthepassageby.A．tellinghisrunningstoryB．explainingalifephilosophyC．listingsomeliferulesD．introducingquotations答案 D解析写作手法题。

第一节四大解题技巧一、巧用上下文法(2017·天津，片段)At my heaviest I weighed 370 pounds.I had a very poor relationship with food：I used it to 16.kill bad feelings，to make myself feel better，and to celebrate.Worried about my health，I tried many different kinds of 17 but nothing worked.I came to believe that I could do nothing about my 18.weight.17．A.diets B．drinksC．fruits D．dishes答案 A解析根据上文提到的“weighed 370 pounds”以及food，health可知，此处是说“我尝试了很多不同的节食方法”。

diet节食；drink饮料；fruit水果；dish菜肴。

点津巧用上下文是一种非常有用的技巧，也是最神奇、高效的一招。

因为完形填空大部分答案其实就在空前和空后的附近，很远处找答案的情况确实有，但大部分要根据上下文。

(2017·全国Ⅰ，片段)While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life，college sets the stage for that exploration.I myself went through this 41 process and found something that has changed my 42.experience at college for the better: I discovered ASL—American Sign Language(美式手语)．41．A.searching B．planningC．natural D．formal答案 A解析根据上文中的“explore new aspects of life”可知，所填词与explore(探索)在词义上相近，searching(寻找的，探索的)符合。

天津市2018年高考[英语]考试真题与答案解析第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

例：Stand over there___________ you’ll be able to see it better.A. orB. andC. butD. while答案是B。

1. —Wasn’t Joan supposed to be here by now?—___________. She will be here in about twenty minutes.A.AllrightB.Don’t worryC.No wonderD.Enjoy yourself2.Kate, _________sister Ishared a room with when we were at college,has gone to workin Australia.A.whomB.thatC.whoseD.her3.At first Robert wouldn’t let his daughter go diving,but eventually he___________ as she was so confident about her skills.A.gave inB.dressedupC.brokeinD.turnedup4.Let’s not pick these peaches until this weekend ___________they get sweet enough to be eaten.A.ever sinceB.as ifC.even thoughD.so that5.—I’m moving in a few days and I wonder if you could help.—___________. Just let me know when,and I’ll be there.A.You betB.It dependsC.Forget itD.No kidding6.The__________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspiredscientists to explore the outer space.A. adviceB. orderC. possibilityD. invitation7.Ineed anew passport so I will have to have my photograph ___________.A.takingB.takenC.beingtakenD.take8.Ittook him a long time to___________ the skills he needed to become a good dancer.A.displayB.acquireC. teachD.test9.The gold medal will be awarded to ___________ wins the first place in the bicyclerace.A.whomeverB.whereverC. whoeverD.whatever10.I can’t find my purse.I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday,but I’m not sure.A.should leaveB.must have leftC.might leaveD.could have left11.Bob thought he couldn’t go to the party because he had to write a report,but he went ___________.A.at firstB. after allC.aboveallD.at random12. I didn’t mean ___________anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help_______ it.A. to eat; to tryB. eating; tryingC. eating; to tryD. to eat; trying13.My washing machine ___________this week,so I have to wash my clothes by hand.A. was repairedB. is repairedC.is being repairedD.has been repaired14.It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ___________we saw Lily in the passenger seat.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where15.If we ___________the flight yesterday,we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.A.had caughtB.caughtC.have caughtD.would catch第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16~35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

2018年天津市高考英语试卷第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节）第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．例：Stand over there_________ you'll be able to see it better.A. orB. andC. butD. while答案是B．1．（1.00分）﹣Wasn't Joan supposed to be here by now？﹣．She will be here in about twenty minutes．（）A．All right B．Don 't worryC．No wonder D．Enjoy yourself2．（1.00分）Kate，sister I shared a room with when we were at college，has gone to work in Australia．（）A．whom B．that C．whose D．her3．（1.00分）At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving，but eventually he as she was so confident about her skills．（）A．gave in B．dressed up C．broke in D．turned up4．（ 1.00分）Let's not pick these peaches until this weekend they get sweet enough to be eaten．（）A．ever since B．as if C．even though D．so that5．（1.00分）﹣I'm moving in a few days and I wonder if you could help．1﹣．Just let me know when，and I'll be there．（）A．You bet B．It depends C．Forget it D．No kidding6．（1.00分）The that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space．（）A．advice B．order C．possibility D．invitation7．（1.00分）I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph ．（）A．taking B．taken C．being taken D．take8．（1.00分）It took him a long time to the skills he needed to become a good dancer．（）A．display B．acquire C．teach D．test9．（1.00分）The gold medal will be awarded to wins the first place in the bicycle race．（）A．whomever B．wherever C．whoever D．whatever10．（1.00分）I can't find my purse．I it in the supermarket yesterday，but I'm not sure．（）A．should leave B．must have leftC．might leave D．could have left11．（1.00分）Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report，but he went ．（）2A．at first B．after all C．above all D．at random12．（1.00分）I didn't mean anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn't help it．（）A．to cat；to try B．eating；tryingC．eating；to try D．to eat；trying13．（1.00分）My washing machine this week，so I have to wash my clothes by hand．（）A．was repaired B．is repairedC．is being repaired D．has been repaired14．（1.00分）It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house we saw Lily in the passenger seat．（）A．which B．that C．when D．where15．（1.00分）If we the flight yesterday，we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now．（）A．had caught B．caught C．have caught D．would catch第二节：完形填空（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从下列各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项．16．（30.00分）No one is born a winner．People make themselves into winners by their own （1）．3I learned this lesson from a（n）（2）many years ago．I took the head （3）job at a school in Baxley，Georgia．It was a small school with a weak football program．It was a tradition for the school's old team to play against the（4）team at the end of spring practice．The old team had no coach，and they didn't even practice to（5）the game．Being the coach of the new team，I was excited because I knew we were going to win，but to my disappointment we were defeated．I couldn't （6）I had got into such a situation．Thinking hard about it，I came to（7）that my team might not be the number one team in Georgia，but they were（8）me．I had to change my （9）about their ability and potential．I started doing anything I could to help them build a little （10）．Most important，I began to treat them like （11）．That summer，when the other teams enjoyed their （12），we met every day and （13）passing and kicking the football．Six months after suffering our （14）on the spring practice field，we won our first game and our second，and continued to （15）．Finally，we faced the number one team in the state．I felt that it would be a （16）for us even if we lost the game．But that wasn't what happened．My boys beat the best team in Georgia，giving me one of the greatest （17）of my life！From the experience I learned a lot about how the attitude of the leader can （18）the members of a team．Instead of seeing my boys as losers，I pushed and （19）them．I helped them to see themselves（20），and they built themselves into winners．Winners are made，not born．4实用文档用心整理（1）A．luck B．tests C．efforts D．nature （2）A．experiment B．experience C．visit D．show（3）A．operating B．editing C．consulting D．coaching （4）A．successful B．excellent C．strong D．new（5）A．cheer for B．prepare for C．help with D．finish with （6）A．believe B．agree C．describe D．regret （7）A．realize B．claim C．permit D．demand （8）A．reacting to B．looking for C．depending on D．caring about （9）A．decision B．attitude C．conclusion D．intention （10）A．pride B．culture C．fortune D．relationship （11）A．leaders B．partners C．winners D．learners （12）A．rewards B．vacations C．health D．honor （13）A．risked B．missed C．considered D．practiced （14）A．defeat B．decline C．accident D．mistake （15）A．relax B．improve C．expand D．defend （16）A．shame B．burden C．victory D．favor5（17）A．chances B．thrills C．concerns D．offers （18）A．surprise B．serve C．interest D．affect （19）A．encouraged B．observed C．protected D．impressed （20）A．honestly B．individually C．calmly D．differently第二部分：阅读理解（每小题2.5分，满分50 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项．17．（12.50分）AFire Prevention InformationThe University of Adelaide employs a full﹣time staff of fire prevention professionals．They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler （喷水灭火装置）systems，fire alarms，and fire extinguishers（灭火器）．They also provide educational programs on fire safety in the residence halls．Whenever you move to a new area，you should locate the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room．Fire AlarmsThe floors of all campus buildings are equipped with manual（手动的）fire alarm systems which include fire alarm pull stations and pipes．Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors，smoke detectors and sprinklers．For your safety，never tamper with（胡乱摆弄）these systems．False fire alarms are illegal and may lead to imprisonment．6Fire DrillsA fire drill will be conducted in your residence hall every semester．During a fire drill，please do the following：•Take your room key and ID，close and lock the door to your room．•Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit；do not use a lift．•Meet outside of your residence hall and wait for further instructions．Fire ExtinguishersFire extinguishers are located on each floor and in each apartment．Use a fire extinguisher only if you have been trained to do so．Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous situation for other residents and could result in damage to personal property．Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines．Smoke DetectorsA smoke detector is on the ceiling in your room．Some buildings also have heat detectors on the ceilings．Do the following to ensure the safe operation of your smoke detector：•If your smoke detector is working properly，the red light should be on．If the red light is not blinking（闪动），contact residence hall staff immediately．•Do not cover or block your smoke detector in any way．•If a smoke detector sets off an alarm and there is no fire or smoke，inform your hall staff．7（1）What is the main duty of the fire prevention professionals？A．To provide part﹣time jobs for students．B．To lead the students to the nearest exits．C．To check and maintain fire prevention equipment．D．To train teachers to be fire prevention professionals．（2）What do the automatic fire alarm systems include？A．Pipes and smoke detectors．B．Smoke detectors and sprinklers．C．Fire alarm pull stations and pipes．D．Sprinklers and fire alarm pull stations．（3）In a fire drill，the students should．A．rush quickly to a liftB．gather at the nearest exitC．shut the door and leave at onceD．wait for instructions in the hall（4）What do we know about the use of fire extinguishers？A．Using them wrongly results in punishment．8B．Irresponsible use of them can damage them．C．Improper use of them can destroy the apartment．D．Using them without a trainer present is forbidden．（5）To ensure the safe operation of the smoke detector，one should．A．contact the hall staff regularlyB．cover the things that burn easilyC．start the smoke detector in a fireD．make certain the red light is working18．（12.50分）BWhen I was 17，I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay，once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay．She had requested the community to turn it into a museum upon her death．On a sunny Saturday，Sally and I drove over to the museum．She asked，"Do you have the address？""No，but I'll recognize it，there was a picture in the magazine．"Oh，stop．There it is！"The museum was free．We entered，excited．A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us．"May I help you？" a man asked．"No，"I said．"we're fine．" Tour guides got on my nerves．What if they talked a long time about a painting you weren't that9interested in？Sally had gone upstairs．The people in the hall seemed very nosy （爱窥探的），keeping their eyes on me with curiosity．What was their problem？I saw some nice sculptures in one room．Suddenly I sensed a man standing behind me．"Where do you think you are？" he asked．I turned sharply．"The McNay Art Museum！" He smiled，shaking his head．"Sorry，the McNay is on New Braunfels Street．""what's this place？" I asked，still confused．"Well，it' s our home．"My heart jolted（震颤），I raced to the staircase and called out，" Sally! Come down immediately!"There' s some really good stuff（艺术作品）up there．" She stepped down，looking confused．I pushed her toward the front door，waving at the family，saying，"Sorry，please forgive us，you have a really nice place．"Outside，when I told Sally what happened，she covered her mouth，laughing．She couldn't believe how long they let us look around without saying anything．The real McNay was splendid，but we felt nervous the whole time we were there．Van Gogh，Picasso．This time，we stayed together，in case anything else unusual happened．Thirty years later，a woman approached me in a public place．"Excuse me，did you ever enter a residence，long ago，thinking it was the McNay Museum？""Yes．But how do you know？We never told anyone．""That was my home．I was a teenager sitting in the hall．Before you came over，I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in．I never felt lucky before．You thought it was a museum．My feelings about my home changed after that．I've always wanted to thank you．"10（1）What do we know about Marian McNay？A．She was a painter．B．She was a community leader．C．She was a museum director．D．She was a journalist．（2）Why did the author refuse the help from the man in the house？A．She disliked people who were nosy．B．She felt nervous when talking to strangers．C．She knew more about art than the man．D．She mistook him for a tour guide．（3）How did the author feel about being stared at by the people in the hall？A．Puzzled．B．Concerned．C．Frightened．D．Delighted．（4）Why did the author describe the real McNay museum in just a few words？A．The real museum lacked enough artwork to interest her．11B．She was too upset to spend much time at the real museum．C．The McNay was disappointing compared with the house．D．The event happening in the house was more significant．（5）What could we learn from the last paragraph？A．People should have good taste to enjoy life．B．People should spend more time with their family．C．People tend to be blind to the beauty around them．D．People tend to educate teenagers at a museum．19．（12.50分）CThere's a new frontier in 3D printing that's beginning to come into focus：food．Recent development has made possible machines that print，cook，and serve foods on a mass scale．And the industry isn't stopping there．Food productionWith a 3D printer，a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake．Not everybody can do that﹣it takes years of experience，but a printer makes it easy．A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to "re﹣create forms and pieces" of food that are "exactly the same，" freeing cooks to complete other tasks．In another restaurant，all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D﹣printed，rather than farm to table．12Sustainability（可持续性）The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050，and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels．Sustainability is becoming a necessity．3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution．Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids（水解胶体）from plentiful renewables like algae（藻类）and grass to replace the familiar ingredients（烹饪原料）．3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissions．Grocery stores of the future might stock "food" that lasts years on end，freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage requirements．NutritionFuture 3D food printers could make processed food healthier．Hod Lipson，a professor at Columbia University，said，"Food printing could allow consumer to print food with customized nutritional content，like vitamins．So instead of eating a piece of yesterday 's bread from the supermarket，you'd eat something baked just for you on demand．"ChallengesDespite recent advancements in 3D food printing，the industry has many challenges to overcome．Currently，most ingredients must be changed to a paste （糊状物）before a printer can use them，and the printing process is quite time﹣consuming，because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways．On top of that，most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients，because meat and milk products may easily go bad．Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers，believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes and high﹣end restaurants．13（1）What benefit does 3D printing bring to food production？A．It helps cooks to create new dishes．B．It saves time and effort in cooking．C．It improves the cooking conditions．D．It contributes to restaurant decorations．（2）What can we learn about 3D food printing from Paragraph 3？A．It solves food shortages easily．B．It quickens the transportation of food．C．It needs no space for the storage of food．D．It uses renewable materials as sources of food．（3）According to Paragraph 4，3D﹣printed food．A．is more available to consumersB．can meet individual nutritional needsC．is more tasty than food in supermarketsD，can keep all the nutrition in raw materials（4）What is the main factor that prevents 3D food printing from spreading widely？A．The printing process is complicated．14B．3D food printers are too expensive．C．Food materials have to be dry．D．Some experts doubt 3D food printing．（5）What could be the best title of the passage？A．3D Food Printing：Delicious New TechnologyB．A New Way to Improve 3D Food PrintingC．The Challenges for 3D Food ProductionD．3D Food Printing：From Farm to Table20．（12.50分）DGive yourself a test．Which way is the wind blowing？How many kinds of wildflowers can be seen from your front door？If your awareness is as sharp as it could be，you'll have no trouble answering these questions．Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults．A child's day is filled with fascination，newness and wonder．Curiosity gave us all a natural awareness．But distinctions that were sharp to us as children become unclear，we are numb （麻木的）to new stimulation（刺激），new ideas．Relearning the art of seeing the world around us is quite simple，although it takes practice and requires breaking some bad habits．The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs．This blocks awareness．One chilly night when I was hiking15in the Rocky Mountains with some students，I mentioned that we were going to cross a mountain stream．The students began complaining about how cold it would be．We reached the stream，and they unwillingly walked ahead．They were almost knee﹣deep when they realized it was a hot spring．Later they all admitted they'd felt cold water at first．Another block to awareness is the obsession （痴迷）many of us have with naming things．I saw bird watchers who spotted a bird，immediately looked it up in field guides，and said，a "ruby﹣crowned kinglet" and checked it off．They no longer paid attention to the bird and never learned what it was doing．The pressures of "time" and "destination" are further blocks to awareness．I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant camp﹣ground with just enough time to get there before dark．It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit，to take a moment to see what's around them．I asked them what they'd seen．"Oh，a few birds，"they said．They seemed bent on their destinations．Nature seems to unfold to people who watch and wait．Next time you take a walk，no matter where it is，take in all the sights，sounds and sensations．Wander in this frame of mind and you will open a new dimension to your life．（1）According to Paragraph 2，compared with adults，children are more．A．anxious to do wondersB．sensitive to others' feelingsC．likely to develop unpleasant habits16D．eager to explore the world around them（2）What idea does the author convey in Paragraph 3？A．To avoid jumping to conclusions．B．To stop complaining all the time．C．To follow the teacher's advice．D．To admit mistakes honestly．（3）The bird watchers' behavior shows that they．A．are very patient in their observationB．are really fascinated by natureC．care only about the names of birdsD．question the accuracy of the field guides（4）Why do the hikers take no notice of the surroundings during the journey？A．The natural beauty isn't attractive to them．B．They focus on arriving at the camp in time．C．The forest in the dark is dangerous for them．D．They are keen to see rare birds at the destination．（5）In the passage，the author intends to tell us we should．17A．fill our senses to feel the wonders of the worldB．get rid of some bad habits in our daily lifeC．open our mind to new things and ideasD．try our best to protect nature第三部分：写作第一节：阅读表达（满分10分）阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题．21．（10.00分）Some people live to climb the highest mountains．Some people live only dreaming about it while others live to avoid ever climbing at all．But one thing is certain，all people encounter mountains in their life．When I was a little girl，my family moved to a tiny town at the bottom of a big mountain．One day after school，while exploring the green woods of this magnificent mountain，I almost fell on a set of stairs．What could these steps lead to？Curiosity got the best of me as I knew it would be starting to get dark soon．I started climbing up those strangely mysterious steps．I climbed and climbed．There was nothing but just green bushes and these steps．I had to reach the top! But it was now getting real dark．If I kept going I might not be able to see my way back．My mum would be worried sick if I didn't come home soon．So I ran back home almost in the dark while trying not to get too scared．Anxiously I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain．Could there be a castle up there？Maybe I would find a monster（怪物）．Maybe I was taking the risk of never coming back home．Or，18maybe all I would find was absolutely nothing! But something inside me was going to climb that mountain at all cost．I could hardly wait to try this adventure again．Now we live in a world surrounded by the "can't do" attitudes．We all fall down．We all have doubts and regrets．Still we must climb and dream about what's at the top of our mountain．Monsters may appear or the night will fall．But never ever give up on your dream! Never let anyone tell you，"You can't．" Dream big and climb high！（1）What made the author start to climb up the stairs to the mountain top？（no more than 5 words）（2）Why did the author hurry back home without reaching the top of the mountain？Give two reasons．（no more than 15 words）（3）How would you describe the author in terms of personalities according to Paragraph 4？（no more than 10 words）（4）How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph？（no more than 5 words）（5）What's your attitude towards the"mountain"in your life？Please explain．（no more than 20 words）第二节：书面表达（满分25分）22．（25.00分）假设你是晨光中学的机器人兴趣小组组长李津，你的美国朋友19Chris就读于天津某国际学校，他曾在机器人技能竞赛中获奖．你打算邀请他加入你的团队，参加即将于7月底在天津举行的世界青少年机器人技能竞赛．请根据以下提示代表兴趣小组给他写一封电子邮件．（1）比赛的时间、地点；（2）邀请他的原因；（3）训练计划将发送其邮箱，请他提出建议．注意：（1）词数不少于100；（2）可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；（3）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数．参考词汇：世界青少年机器人技能竞赛the World Adolescent Robotics CompetitionDear Chris，I have good news to tell you．I'm looking forward to your reply．Yours，Li Jin202018年天津市高考英语试卷参考答案与试题解析第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节）第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．例：Stand over there_________ you'll be able to see it better.A. orB. andC. butD. while答案是B．1．（1.00分）﹣Wasn't Joan supposed to be here by now？﹣．She will be here in about twenty minutes．（）A．All right B．Don 't worryC．No wonder D．Enjoy yourself【分析】﹣琼现在不应该在这儿吗？﹣别担心，她大约二十分钟后到这里．【解答】考查语言交际．All right行；可以；Don 't worry别担心，用来安慰对方不要担心；No wonder难怪，怪不得；Enjoy yourself玩的开心、玩得高兴，请自便，请随意．句意：﹣琼现在不应该在这儿吗？﹣别担心，她大约二十分钟后到这里．故选：B．【点评】情景对话题主要考察英语的日常用语、习惯用语以及各种场合的交际性21语言，并从实际出发，考查交际语言的运用能力．做题时仔细阅读上下文，找出上下文之间的联系．2．（1.00分）Kate，sister I shared a room with when we were at college，has gone to work in Australia．（）A．whom B．that C．whose D．her【分析】凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了，在我们上大学时我和她妹妹共用一个房间．【解答】考查关系代词．分析可知逗号之间的"___ sister I shared a room with when we were at college"是非限制性定语从句，其先行词是Kate．分析定语从句的句子成分可知，从句中缺少定语；引导定语从句的引导词中只有whose可以做定语．我们可将定语从句还原为：I shared a room with her sister when we were at college．whom做宾语，that可以做主语或者宾语，her不能够引导定语从句．故选：C．【点评】定语从句的考查主要就是考查关系词的辨析，关系代词that，which，whose，whom，as，who在句中做主语，宾语，表语或者定语；要分析句子成分，看缺少什么成分，就选用相应的关系词．3．（1.00分）At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving，but eventually he as she was so confident about her skills．（）A．gave in B．dressed up C．broke in D．turned up【分析】起初，罗伯特不让他的女儿潜水，但最终他屈服了，因为她对自己的技能很有信心．22【解答】考查动词短语的辨析．give in让步；屈服；投降；dress up装扮；盛装打扮；break in打断；闯入；turn up（常指出其不意地或经长久等待后）出现，到来，露面；开大，调高（收音机、暖气等）．句意：起初，罗伯特不让他的女儿潜水，但最终他屈服了，因为她对自己的技能很有信心．故选：A．【点评】本题考查动词短语的辨析．在高中的学习中平时要多积累动词及动词固定搭配的用法，考试时只能凭借记忆力来答题，尤其是单项选择很难推出某个搭配的意思，所以平时的积累记忆是尤其重要的．4．（ 1.00分）Let's not pick these peaches until this weekend they get sweet enough to be eaten．（）A．ever since B．as if C．even though D．so that【分析】我们周末之前不要摘这些桃子，以便吃它们的时候就足够甜了．【解答】考查从属连词的用法．ever since"自从"，引导时间状语从句．as if"仿佛，好像"，引导方式状语从句．even though"尽管，即使"，引导让步状语从句．so that 作"为了，以便"讲时，引导目的状语从句；作"结果"讲时，引导结果状语从句．分析可知前后两句话之间是逻辑上的"目的"关系．句意：我们周末之前不要摘这些桃子，以便吃它们的时候就足够甜了．故选：D．【点评】本题考查从属连词的用法．连词的用法辨析，要注意分析主从句之间的逻辑关系，再确定相应的连词，同时注意不同的连词的语义及用法区别．235．（1.00分）﹣I'm moving in a few days and I wonder if you could help．﹣．Just let me know when，and I'll be there．（）A．You bet B．It depends C．Forget it D．No kidding【分析】﹣我过几天就搬家，不知你能否帮忙．﹣当然！只要告诉我什么时候搬家，我就会在那里．【解答】考查语言交际．You bet当然；一定；It depends视情况而定；Forget it 算了吧（用语道歉的语境）；休想（表示不接受对方观点或意见）；No kidding（用以强调陈述的真实性）不开玩笑，说真的．句意：﹣我过几天就搬家，不知你能否帮忙．﹣当然！只要告诉我什么时候搬家，我就会在那里．故选：A．【点评】情景对话题主要考察英语的日常用语、习惯用语以及各种场合的交际性语言，并从实际出发，考查交际语言的运用能力．做题时仔细阅读上下文，找出上下文之间的联系．6．（1.00分）The that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space．（）A．advice B．order C．possibility D．invitation【分析】宇宙中其他行星上存在生命的可能性一直激励科学家去探索外层空间．【解答】考查名词的词义辨析．分析可知"that there is life on other planets in the universe "是同位语从句，其先行词就是横线处所填的名词．advice建议；劝告，忠告；order指示；命令；possibility可能，可能性；invitation招待，邀请；请24柬，请帖．句意：宇宙中其他行星上存在生命的可能性一直激励科学家去探索外层空间．故选：C．【点评】本题考查名词的词义辨析．名词词义辨析题一直都是高考考查的一个热点，它注重考查考生结合语境准确选用词语的能力．由于英语词汇丰富，且用法多变，考生掌握起来有较大难度，因此在平时应注意词汇的积累，理解词语的含义及其常见的习惯搭配，再联系句子所表述的意义和语境，选出正确的答案．7．（1.00分）I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph ．（）A．taking B．taken C．being taken D．take【分析】我需要一张新护照，所以我得照张相．【解答】考查非谓语动词．" have + sth （宾语）+过去分词（宾语补足语）"意为"让/ 叫/ 使/ 请别人做某事"．宾语sth 后面用过去分词作宾语补足语，说明sth 与过去分词表示的动作之间是被动关系．photograph与动词take之间是被动关系，故应该使用动词的过去分词作宾语补足语．" have +sb / sth （宾语）+现在分词（宾语补足语）"意为"叫/ 让/ 使某人做一直某事或让某种情况发生"．宾语sb/sth 后面用现在分词作宾语补足语，表示宾语与现在分词表示的动作之间为主动关系，且动作正在进行．have + sb （宾语）+ do sth （宾语补足语）"意为"让/ 叫/ 使某人做某事"．此结构中的have 是使役动词，sb 作宾语，其后的do sth 是省去to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语．故选：B．【点评】在英语中，出现了have sth done，have sb do sth 与have sb/ sth doing 三25种结构，不少同学对这些结构区分不清，把握不准．一、have sth done" have +sth （宾语）+过去分词（宾语补足语）"意为"让/ 叫/ 使/ 请别人做某事"．宾语sth 后面用过去分词作宾语补足语，说明sth 与过去分词表示的动作之间是被动关系．例如：We had the machine mended just now．我们刚才请人把机器修好了．He has had his hair cut．他（请人给他）理发了．The patient is going to have his temperature taken．这个病人准备请/ 叫/ 让人量体温．二、have sb do sth" have + sb （宾语）+ do sth （宾语补足语）"意为"让/ 叫/ 使某人做某事"．此结构中的have 是使役动词，sb 作宾语，其后的do sth 是省去to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语．例如：The boss often has them work for 14 hours a day．老板经常要他们一天工作14 个小时．I'll have someone repair the bike for you．26我会让人为你修理自行车的．Don't forget to have Mr Brown come to our party．（= Don't forget to ask / invite Mr Brown to come to our party．）别忘了让布朗先生来参加我们的晚会．三、have sb / sth doing" have +sb / sth （宾语）+现在分词（宾语补足语）"意为"叫/ 让/ 使某人做某事或让某种情况发生"．宾语sb/sth 后面用现在分词作宾语补足语，表示宾语与现在分词表示的动作之间为主动关系，且动作正在进行．例如：Don't have the baby crying！不要让婴儿啼哭！Don't have the dog barking much，Lilin．李林，别让狗狂吠不停．You'd better have your car running slowly．你最好把车子开慢点．have sth．to do 是要干某事，这件事是由主语来做的，而have sth．to be done 是有事要做，这件事本质上不是由主语来做的．比方说：I have my dinner to cook．这里的饭是我做的，而I have my hair to be cut．头发不是我来剪的，是理发师，但我要剪头发．1．have sth．to be done是有些事情等着被做，其中的不定式表此时目前还没有被做．而have sth．done指的是此事已经被做完．二者有一个时间差．2．另外要注意的是have sth．done短语中，做这件事情的人一定不是你自己而27是别人．用楼上的例子：I have my hair done this morning．肯定是别人帮你剪的头发．因此如果是自己做的事情不能用此短语．8．（1.00分）It took him a long time to the skills he needed to become a good dancer．（）A．display B．acquire C．teach D．test【分析】他花了很长时间才掌握了成为一名优秀舞蹈演员所需要的技能．【解答】考查动词词义辨析．display 展示；展览；陈列；acquire学到；获得，取得；teach教育；教导；使学会；test测验；考验．句意：他花了很长时间才掌握了成为一名优秀舞蹈演员所需要的技能．故选：B．【点评】本题考查动词词义辨析．在熟知词义的基础上，再联系句子所表达的含义，从而选出正确的答案．9．（1.00分）The gold medal will be awarded to wins the first place in the bicycle race．（）A．whomever B．wherever C．whoever D．whatever【分析】金牌将被授予任何赢得自行车赛第一名的人．【解答】考查宾语从句．分析句子可知，to为介词，其后跟的是宾语从句，从句中缺少动词win的主语，指人应该使用who或whoever，根据句意：金牌将被授予任何赢得自行车赛第一名的人，可知应该使用whoever．28故选：C．【点评】对于这种类型的题目需要根据语境及相关的语法知识选出正确答案，需要考生多积累和总结．10．（1.00分）I can't find my purse．I it in the supermarket yesterday，but I'm not sure．（）A．should leave B．must have leftC．might leave D．could have left【分析】我找不到我的钱包了，昨天我可能把它放在超市里，但我不敢肯定．【解答】考查情态动词．"情态动词+ have done"表示对发生过的事作某种猜测、推测，因此可排除A和C．"must+have+done"表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成"（过去）一定做过某事"，该结构只用于肯定句；"could+have+done"是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是"本来能够做某事而没有做"，也可以表示对过去事情的推测，意为""（过去）可能做过某事"．句意：我找不到我的钱包了，昨天我可能把它放在超市里，但我不敢肯定．故选：D．【点评】"情态动词+have done"表示对发生过的事作某种猜测、推测．这个结构是近几年高考情态动词的重点和难点．11．（1.00分）Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report，but he went ．（）29。

A(2017·天津一中4月考)Rome，ParisandNewYorkaretheworld’stopfashioncities，allofwhichhaveproducedsomeofthetoptrends，fromfashionableskirtstothehottestnewshoes.Buthaveyoueverwonderedaboutthenegativ eideasthattheyhaveenforced?InApril2016，theAdvertisingStandardsAuthority (ASA) inBritainbannedanadfromGuccithatfeaturedmodelsdancingaroundandhavingfun，becausetheywereallextremelyskinny.Banningadsduetothemodels’extremefiguresisn’tnew.TheASAbannedanadin2015forthesamereason.InFrance，ithasbeenruledthatmodelsaretoprovideadoctor’snoteprovingthattheyareatahealthyw eight.Sowhatisthehealthyweightformodels？Twentyyearsago，theaveragefashionmodelweighed8%lessthantheaveragewoman.Today，theyweigh23%less.Peoplemaythinkthatbeingatanunhealthyweightwillhelpthemgainthebenefitsthatth emodelsdo.Thisprovidesastandardforbeauty，andthereforepeoplewhowanttoachievethosethingsmayattempttoobtainthemthroughunhea lthyways.Peoplemaythinktheyareoverweight，duetotheimagesofmodels’thinfigures.Theyseesomethingwrongwit htheirbodies，whethertheyareoverweightornot.Thisisakeyfactorinaloweredbodyimage，lowself-esteem，depressionandpossiblyeveneatingdisorders.I’mnotblamingthefashionindustrybyanymeans.It’snottheirfaultthatmanypeople lookuptothemodelsandexpecttolivealifeliketheirs.IamgladthatASAisraisingitsvoice swhendiscussingthegrowingissueofbodyimagesinthefashionindustry.Bybanningthephot osandvideos，speakingoutagainstthemandpushingfordoctors’notesfromthemodels，it’spushingfortheideathatthetraditionalfashionindustry’sbodyimagedemand sshoul dbechangedandsomethingmoreneedstobequestioned.1．OneofGucci’sadswasbannedmainlybecause.A．itsmodelsaremuchtoothinB．noneofitsmodelshadadoctor’snoteC．modelsdidn’tactaccordingtotherules D．itsmodelsweredancinginanunhealthyway答案 A解析细节理解题。