历年托福听力考试真题下载二(原文+音频)

2021年9月全国英语等级考试(二级)听力试题(含录音材料与音频)2021年9月全国英语等级考试（二级）听力试题（含录音材料与音频）等二级听力第一节听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. Why does the man need a map?A. To tour Manchester.B. To find a restaurant.C. To learn about China.2. What does the woman want to do for vacation?A. Go to the beach.B. Travel to Colorado.C. Learn to snowboard.3. What will the man probably do?A. Take the job.B. Refuse the offer.C. Change the working hours.4. What does the woman say about John?A. He won’t wait for her.B. He won’t come home today.C. He won’t be on time for dinner.5. What will the speakers probably do next?A. Order some boxes.B. Go home and rest.C. Continue working.第二节听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有2至4个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读各个小题；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

托福听力tpo66lecture1、2、3原文+题目+答案+译文Lecture1 (1)原文 (1)题目 (3)答案 (5)译文 (5)Lecture2 (7)原文 (7)题目 (9)答案 (11)译文 (11)Lecture3 (13)原文 (13)题目 (15)答案 (17)译文 (18)Lecture1原文Professor:OK,today,I want to talk about sleep.We all sleep.Human sleep,many animal sleep.When we sleep,we aren't actually unconscious,but in a state of reduced awareness of our surroundings.Now,what does that mean for animals in the wild,if they are in a state like that?Unable to monitor their environment?Male Student:Well,they're helpless,vulnerable to predators,maybe.Professor:Right.They are vulnerable to predators.Yeah,they sleep.So let's talk about why,the biology of sleep.So the first thing l want you to understand is that sleeps a very risky behavior.And risky don't evolve unless they bring the animals some kind of benefit that outweighs that risk.So sleep must have a really important function.And I want to emphasize that there is a difference between sleep and other forms of inactivity,like regular rest.The insects,for instance,rest.But they don't sleep.What's specific to sleep is thatthe brain alters many of its usual activities,including its connection to sensory and motor organs,it shuts those connections down.So a sleeping animal can usually neither sense nor move.And I say usually because…well,we will get to that in a minute.So,basically all mammals and birds sleep.But there are some unusual ways of sleeping.Take marine mammals.Like dolphins,dolphins need to swim up for air once in a while,so they can't completely shut off all movement and sensation.So their brain can't shut down completely.But dolphins get around this.How?won't they sleep one brain hemisphere at a time?Sleeping dolphins actually look like they're just resting,awake and occasionally swim up for air.So how can we even tell their sleeping?Well,we measured their brain activity which showed that1/2was active while the other was sleeping.That's some adaptation, uh?So,what is the function of sleep?As I said,it must be important,but why?Okay.I know you're all tempted to say,uh,that sleeps when the whole body rests that sleep is our mechanism to recover from physical activity.And it's true.When you sleep, your muscles lose their tone,they relax,the body saves energy.But this could happen even during regular waking rest.I mean,that's probably what happens when insects rest.You don't need sleep for that.You can get the same benefit by resting awake.So this doesn't explain why sleep involved.To explain the real function,the most important benefit of sleep.You'll need to focus on the brain,not the muscles.Remember how we can tell that a dolphin sleeping not just resting,is because of a unique pattern of brain activity,which is a clue that sleeps function has to do specifically with the brain.And that's the general consensus cause,that's what could explain by it evolved.It also explains why sleep is a characteristic of mammals and birds,because they have the most complex brains of all animals.The simpler brain uh like a reptile gets by with little sleep or even without sleep.OK,so we know that sleep benefits the brain but in what way?We are notsure yet.Okay.So one hypothesis is that during sleep,the brain's synthesize molecules that it needs for proper functioning when awake.The longer we stay awake,the more those molecules get depleted.So the brain needs to replenish them,and this supposedly happens during sleep.I'm talking about energy sources like glycogen and some types of neuro-transmitter that are needed to transmit signals between nerve cells.So these get replenish during sleep and the next morning our brain is working with a full supply of energy and neuro-transmitters again.With that explains why we feel so alert and mentally refreshed after night sleep.Yes,Jim?Male Student:Well,you know,I don't work well in the morning at all.Female Student:Yeah,I do my best work at night too.Professor:Not everyone's at their best in the morning.I grant you that.But that doesn't rule out the replenishment hypothesis.It's just a bit more complicated than I said.They were fairly sure that there's this other rhythm of mental activity going on that independent of sleep.It's like a pre-program24hours cycle.Your mental activity peaks at a certain hour every day,like at night,for you two.And then it goes down at some other point.But the point is that after a sleepless night,that peak is not as high as it would normally be,and the longer you go without,the lower those peaks get. So the replenishment may be needed to keep the metal high.Does that make sense? The two mechanisms are not mutually exclusive.That's what I'm trying to say.题目1.What is the main purpose of the lecture?A.To explain why people sleep at night rather than during the dayB.To discuss the problems caused by a lack of sleepC.To explain why muscles in the body need sleepD.To explore benefits that are provided by sleep but not by regular rest2.Why does the professor mention that sleep is a risky behavior?A.To suggest that resting while awake is better than sleepingB.To indicate how important the benefits of sleep must beC.To explain why many animals sleep during the dayD.To explain why birds sleep less than mammals3.According to the professor,why is the sleep of dolphins unusual?A.Their sleep is interrupted whenever they need to come up for air.B.They can move around while they are asleep.C.In every dolphin group only half of the dolphins are asleep at any given time.D.Their brains show no activity during sleep.4.What does the professor conclude about the view that the main function of sleep is to allow the body to recover from physical activity?A.It is true for all animals except marine mammals.B.It is supported by measurements of brain activity.C.It explains why sleep has evolved.D.It is not convincing when examined more closely.5.According to the hypotheses discussed by the professor,what determines howalert we feel at a particular time of the day?[Click on2answers.]A.The supply of certain chemicals in our brainB.The chemical composition of our dietC.Our24-hour cycle of mental activityD.The time of day when we usually wake up6.Why do the students say this:Male Student:Well,you know,I don't work well in the morning at all.Female Student:Yeah,I do my best work at night too.A.To show the professor that they have understood the theoryB.To support the professor's point that people tend to be active at the same timeC.To point out a fact that seems to contradict the hypothesis the professor just discussedD.To indicate that they would like to change their sleeping habits答案D B B D AC C译文教授：好的，今天我想谈谈睡眠。

托福考试听力2024历年真题精析托福考试是众多学生备战留学的重要一环，其中听力部分常常是考生难以逾越的难点。

为了帮助考生更好地应对托福考试中的听力部分，本文将对2024年托福考试听力部分的历年真题进行精析，以帮助考生更好地理解和掌握该部分。

首先，我们来看2024年托福听力部分的第一个题目。

题目一：Conversation 1听力材料：[音频播放]对话内容：Man: Hey Jane, have you decided which elective course to take next semester?Woman: Not yet. I'm considering between psychology and sociology.I've always been interested in how people's minds work, but sociology also seems fascinating.Man: I see. Both courses are definitely worth taking. Have you looked into the course descriptions?Woman: Yes, I have. They seem equally challenging and interesting. I just can't make up my mind.Man: Well, have you talked to anyone who has taken these courses before? Their experiences might give you some insights.Woman: That's a good idea. I think I'll ask around and see what others think.任务题：What is the woman's problem?选项：(A) She can't decide which elective course to take next semester.(B) She doesn't like psychology or sociology.(C) She is not interested in taking any elective courses.(D) Both elective courses are already full.分析：这道题目属于典型的听力理解题。

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TPO-2TPO 02 – Listening PartConversationNarratorListen to a conversation between a student and a professor.StudentUh, excuse me, Professor Thompson. Iknow your office hours are tomorrow, but I was wondering if you had a few minutes freenow to discuss something.ProfessorSure, John. What did you want to talkabout?StudentWell, Ihave some quick questions about how to writeup theresearch project I did this semester—about climate variations.ProfessorOh, yes. You were looking at variations in climate in the Grant Cityarea, right?How far along have you gotten?StudentI’ve got all mydata, so I’m starting to summarize it now,preparing graphs and stuff.But I’m just. . . I’m looking at it and I’m afraid that it’s not enough, but I’m not sure what else to put in the report.ProfessorI hear thesame thing from everystudent. You know,you have t o remember now that you’retheexperton what you’ve done. So, think about what you’d need to include if you weregoing to explain your research project to someone with generalor casual knowledge about thesubject,like . . .like your parents. That’s usual lymy rule ofthumb: would myparentsunderstand this?StudentOK. I getit.ProfessorI hope you can recognizeby mysaying that how much you do know about thesubject.StudentRight.I understand. I was wondering if I should also include the notesfrom the researchjournalyou suggested I keep.ProfessorYes, definitely.You should use themto indicate what your evolution in thought was through time.So, just setup, you know, what was the purpose ofwhat you were doing—to tryto understandthe climate variabilityof this area—and what you did, and what your approach was.StudentOK. So, for example,I studied meteorological records; Ilooked at climate charts; I used differentmethods for analyzing the data, like certain statistical tests; and thenI discuss theresults. Isthat what you mean?ProfessorYes, that’s right. You should include allof that.The statistical tests areespecially important.And also be sure you include a good referencesection whereall your published and unpublisheddat a came from, ‘cause you have a lot of unpublished climate data.StudentHmm . .. something just came into mymind and wentout the other side.ProfessorThat happens to me a lot, so I’ve come up with a prettygood memory management tool. Icarryalit tle pad with me allthe time and jot down questions or ideas that I don’t want to forget.Forexample,I wentto the doctor with mydaughter and her baby son last week and we knew wewouldn’t remembereverything we wanted toask thedoctor, so we actually made a list offivethings we wanted answers to.StudentA notepad is a good idea. Since I’m so busy now at the end ofthe semester,I’m getting prettyforgetfulthese days. OK. I just remembered what I wastrying to say before.ProfessorGood. I was ho ping you’d come up with it.StudentYes. Itends up that I have data on more than just the immediate Grant Cityarea, so Ialsoincluded some regional data in the report.With everything else it should be a pretty goodindicator of the climate in this part of thestate.ProfessorSounds good. I’d be happy to look over a draft version before you hand in thefinal copy,if youwish.StudentGreat.I’ll plan to get you a draft of the paper by nextFriday. Thanks very much. Well,see ya.ProfessorOK.LectureNarratorListen to part ofa lecturein a philosophy class.ProfessorOK. Another ancient Greekphilosopher we need to discuss is Aristotle—Aristotle’s ethicaltheory.What Aristotle’s ethical theory is allabout is this: he’s trying to s how you how to behappy—what truehappiness is.Now,why is he interested in human happiness? It’s not just because it’s something that allpeople want to aim for. It’s more than that.But to get there we need to first make a veryimportant distinction. Letme introduce a couple oftechnicalterms: extrinsic value and intrinsicvalue. To understand Aristotle’s interest in happiness, you need to understand this distinction.Some things weaim for and value, not for themselvesbut for what theybring about in additionto themselves. IfI value something as a means to something else, then it has what we will call“extrinsic value.” Otherthings we desire and hold to be valuable for themselvesalone. Ifwevalue something not as a means to something else,but for itsown sake, letus say that it has“intrinsic value.” Exercise. Theremay be some people who value exercise for itself, but I don’t.Ivalue exercise because if Iexercise, I tend to stay healthier than I would if I didn’t. SoI desire to engage in exercise and I value exercise extrinsically .. . not for its own sake, but as ameans to something beyond it. Itbrings me good health.Health.Why do Ivalue good health? Well, hereit getsa littlemore complicated for me.Um,health is important for me because Ican’t . ..do other things I want to do— play music, teachphilosophy—if I’m ill. So health is important to me—has value to me—as a meansto a productivelife. Buthealth is also important to me because I just kind oflike to be healthy—it feelsgood. It’spleasant to be healthy,unpleasant not to be. So to some degreeI value health both for itselfandas a means to something else: productivity.It’s got extrinsic and intrinsic value for me. Thenthere’s some things that are just valued for themselves. I’m a musician, not a professionalmusician; I just play a musical instrument for fun. Why do I value playing music? Well,like mostamateur musicians, I only play because, well, Ijust enjoy it.It’s something that’s an end in itself.Now,something else I value is teaching. Why? Well, it brings in a modest income,but Icouldmake more moneydoing otherthings. I’d do it even if theydidn’t payme. I just enjoy teaching.In that sense it’s an end to itself.But teaching’s not something that has int rinsic value for allpeople—and that’s true generally.Most things that areenjoyed in and of themselvesvary fromperson to person.Some people value teaching intrinsically, but othersdon’t. So how does allthis relateto humanhappiness? Well, Aristotle asks: is theresomething that all human beings value .. . and valueonly intrinsically,for itsown sake and only for itsown sake? Ifyou could find such a thing, thatwould be the universal final good, or trulythe ultimate purpose or goal for all human beings.Aristotle thought the answer was yes. What is it?Happiness. Everyone will agree,he argues, thathappiness is theultimate end to be valued for itselfand really only for itself. For what otherpurpose is therein being happy? What does it yield? The attainment ofhappiness becomes theultimate or highest good for Aristotle.The nextquestion that Aristotle raises is: what is happiness? We all want it; weall desire it; weall seekit. It’s thegoal we have in life. But what is it? How do we fin d it? Here he notes,withsome frustration, people disagree.But he does give us a couple ofcriteria, or features, to keep inmind as welook for what true human happiness is. True human happiness should be,as he putsit, plete in that it’s allwe require. Well,true human happiness .. . if you had that,what else do you need?Nothing. And, second, truehappiness should be something that I canobtain on myown. I shouldn’t have torely on other people for it. Many people value fame andseekfa me. Fame for them becomesthegoal. But,according toAristotle, this won’t work either,because fame dependsaltogether too much on other people.I can’t getit on myown, withouthelp from other people. Inthe end, Aristotle says that true happiness is theexercise of reason—alife of intellectualcontemplation . . .of thinking. So let’s see how he comes tothat.LectureNarratorListen to part ofa psychology lecture.The professor is discussing behaviorism.ProfessorNow,many people consider John Watson tobe the founder ofbehaviorism. And like otherbehaviorists, he believed that psychologists should study only the behaviors theycan observeand measure. They’renot interested in mentalprocesses. While a person could describe histhoughts, no one else can see or hear them toverify the accuracyof his report.Butone thing youcan observe is muscular habits. What Watson did wasto observe muscular habits because heviewed them as a manifestation of thinking. One kind ofhabit that he studied are laryngealhabits. Watson thought laryngeal habits . . .you know, from larynx, in other words, relatedto thevoice box . . . he thought those habits were an expression of thinking. Heargued that for veryyoung children, thinking is really talking out loud to oneself because theytalk out loud even ifthey’renot trying to communicate with someone in particular. Asthe individual matures, thatovert talking to oneselfbecomes coverttalking to oneself, but thinking still shows up as alaryngeal habit. One ofthe bits ofevidence that supportsthis is that when people are trying tosolve a problem, they, um, typically have increased muscular activityin the throat region. That is,if you put electrodeson the throatand measure muscle potential—muscle activity—you discoverthat when people are thinking, like if they’re diligently trying to solve a problem, thatthere ismuscular activity in the throat region.So, Watson made the argument that problem solving, or thinking, can be defined as a set ofbehaviors—a set of responses—and in this case theresponse he observed was the throat activity.That’s what he means when he calls it a laryngeal habit. Now,as Iam thinking about what I amgoing to be saying, mymuscles in mythroat are responding. So, thinking can be measured asmuscle activity.Now,the motor theory.. . yes?StudentProfessor Blake,um, did he happen to look at people who sign? I mean deaf people?ProfessorUh, he did indeed,um, and to jump ahead, what one finds in deafindividuals who use sign language when they’re given problems ofvarious kinds, theyhave muscular changes in their hands when theyaretrying to solve a problem .. . muscle changes in the hand, just like themuscular changes going on in the throat region for speaking individuals. So,for Watson, thinkingis identicalwith the activity ofmuscles. A related conceptof thinking was developed by William James. It’s called ideomotor action.Ideomotoraction is an activity that occurswithout our noticing it,without our being aware ofit.I’ll give you one simple example.Ifyou think of locations, theretends to be eyemovement thatoccurswith your thinking about that location. In particular,from wherewe’resitting, imaginethat you’re asked tothink of our university library. Well, if you close your eyesand think of thelibrary, and if you’re sitting directlyfacing me,then according tothis notion, your eyeballs willmove slightly to theleft, to your left, ‘cause the library’s in that generaldirection.James and otherssaid that this is an idea leading to a motor action, and that’s why it’s called“ideomotor action”—an idea leads to motor activity.Ifyou wish to impress your friends andrelatives, you can change this simple process into a magic trick. Ask people to do something suchas I’ve just described: think ofsomething on theirleft; think of something on their right. You getthem to thinkabout two things on eitherside with their eyesclosed, and you watch their eyesverycarefully. And if you do that, you’ll discover that you can see rather clearlythe eyemovement—that is, you can see themovement of the eyeballs. Now,then you say, thinkofeitherone and I’ll tellwhich you’rethinki ng of.OK. Well, Watson makesthe assumption that muscular activity is equivalent to thinking. Butgiven everything we’ve been talking about here,one has to ask: are therealternativesto thismotor theory—this claim that muscular activitiesare equivalent to thinking? Isthereanythingelse that might accountfor thischange in muscular activity,otherthan saying that it is thinking?And theanswer is clearlyyes. Isthereany way to answer the question definitively? I think theanswer is no.LectureNarratorListen to part ofa lecturein an astronomy class. You will not need to rememberthe numbers theprofessor mentions.ProfessorOK. Let’s get going. Today I’m going to talkabout how the asteroid belt was discovered.And .. . I’m going to start bywriting some numbers on the board. Heretheyare:We’ll startwith zero,then 3, .. . 6, .. . 12.Uh, tellme what I’m doing.Female studentMultiplying by2?ProfessorRight.I’m doubling thenumbers, so 2 times12 is 24, and the nextone I’m going to w riteafter 24would be . ..Female student48.Professor48. Then 96. We’ll stop therefor now. Uh, now I’ll writeanother row of numbers under that.Tellme what I’m doing. 4, 7, 10 . . .How am Igetting this second row?Male StudentAdding 4 to the numbers in the first row.ProfessorI’m adding 4 to each number in the first row to give you a second row.So the last two will be 52,100, and now tellme what I’m doing.Female StudentPutting in a decimal?ProfessorYes, Idivided all t hose numbersby 10 by putting in a decimal point. Now I’m going to writethenames ofthe planets under the numbers. Mercury. .. Venus. . . Earth.. .Mars. So,what do thenumbers mean? Do you rememberfrom the reading?Male StudentIsit the distance of theplanets from theSun?ProfessorRight.In astronomical units—not perfect, but tantalizingly close. The value for Marsis off by. . .6or 7 percentor so. It’s . .. but it’s within 10 percentof theaverage distance to Marsfrom theSun.But Ikind of hav e toskip the one afterMars for now. Then Jupiter’s right thereat 5-pointsomething, and then Saturn is about 10 astronomical units from the Sun. Um, well, thispattern isknown as Bode’s Law.Um, it isn’t really a scientific law, not in thesense of predi cting gravitationmathematically or something, but it’s attempting a pattern in the spacing ofthe planets, and itwas noticed byBode hundreds of years ago. Well,you can imagine thatthere was some interestin whythe 2.8 spot in the pattern was skipped, and um . .. but therewasn’t anything obviousthere,in the earlytelescopes. Then what happened in the late 1700s? The discovery of . .. ?Female StudentAnother planet?ProfessorThe nextplanet out,Uranus—after Saturn. And look, Uranus fits in the next spot in the patternprettynicely,um, not perfectly,but close. And so then people got really excitedabout thevalidityof this thing and finding the missing object between Marsand Jupiter.And telescopes,remember,weregetting better.So people wentto work on finding objectsthat would be at thatmissing distance from theSun, and then in 1801, the object Cereswas discovered.And Cereswas in the right place—themissing spot. Uh,but it was waytoo faint to be a planet. Itlooked like a little star. Uh, and because of itsstarlike appearance, um, it was called an“asteroid.” OK? “Aster” is Greekfor “star,” as in “astronomy.” Um,and so, Cereswas the firstand is thelargest ofwhat became many objectsdiscovered at that same distance. Not just onething, but all the objectsfound at thatdistance from the asteroid belt. So the asteroid belt is themost famous success ofthis Bode’s Law.That’s how the asteroid belt was discovered.LectureNarratorListen to part ofa lecturefrom a Botanyclass.ProfessorHi, everyone. Good tosee you all today.Actually, I expected the population to be a lot lowertoday.It typically runs between 50 and 60 percenton the day theresearch paper is due. Um, I was hoping to have your examsback today,but, uh, the situation was that Iwent away for theweekend, and Iwas supposed to get in yesterdayat five, and I expected tofully completeall the examsby midnight or so, which is the time that Iusually go to bed,but myflight was delayed,and Iended up not getting in unt ilone o’clock in the morning. Anyway,I’ll do mybest to have them finished by the nexttime we meet.OK. In the last class, we started talking about useful plant fibers. In particular,we talked about cotton fibers, which we said were veryuseful, not only in thetextile industry,but also in the chemicalindustry,and in the production of manyproducts, such as plastics,paper,explosives,and so on. Todaywe’ll continue talking about useful fibers, and we’ll begin with a fiber that’s commonly known as “Manila hemp.” Now, for some strange reason, manypeople believe thatManila hemp is a hemp plant. But Manila hemp is not really hemp. It’s actually a member of the banana family—it even bears littlebanana-shaped fruits. The “Manila” part of thename makes sense, because Manila hemp is produced chiefly in the Philippine Islands and, ofcourse, the capitalcity ofthe Philippines is Manila.Now,as fibers go,Manila hemp fibers arevery long. Theycan easily be severalfeetin length and they’realso verystrong, veryflexible. Theyhave one more characteristic that’s veryimportant, and that is that theyare exceptionally resistant to salt water.And this combination ofcharacteristics—long, strong, flexible, resistant to salt water—makes Manila hemp a greatmaterialfor ropes, especially for ropesthat are gonna be used on ocean-going ships. In fact,bythe early1940’s, even though steelcableswere available, most ships in the United StatesNavywerenot moored with steelcables; theyweremoored with Manila hemp ropes.Now,whywas that? Well,the main reason wasthat steelcablesdegrade very, veryquickly incontactwith salt water.Ifyou’ve ever been to San Francisco, you know that the Golden GateBridge is red.And it’s red because ofthe zinc paint that goes on those stainless steelc ables. That, if theystartat one end ofthe bridge and theywork to theother end, bythe time theyfinish, it’s already time togo back and start painting the beginning of the bridge again, because the bridge was built with steelcables, and steelcablescan’t takethe salt air unless they’re treatedrepeatedly with a zinc-based paint.On the other hand, plant products like Manila hemp, you can drag through the ocean for weekson end.Ifyou wanna tie your anchor to it and drop it right into theocean, that’s no p roblem,because plant fibers can stand up for months, evenyears, in direct contactwith salt water.OK.So how do you take plant fibers that individually you could break with your hands and turn them into a rope that’s strong enough to moor a ship that w eighs thousands of tons? Well,what youdo is you extract these long fibers from the Manila hemp plant, and then you takeseveral of these fibers, and you group them into a bundle, because by grouping the fibers you greatlyincrease their breaking strength—that bundle of fibers is much stronger than any of theindividual fibers that compose it.And then you takethat bundle offibers and you twist it a little bit, because by twisting it, you increase itsbreaking strength even more. And then you take severalof these little bundles, and you group and twist them into bigger bundles, which you then group and twist into even bigger bundles, and so on, until eventually,you end up with a very, verystrong rope.源于：小马过河相关推荐：2012年11月18日托福写作真题解析2012年11月18日托福口语真题解析2012年11月18日托福阅读真题解析2012年11月18日托福听力真题解析。

托福听力tpo63lecture1、2、3原文+题目+答案+译文Lecture1 (1)原文 (1)题目 (3)答案 (5)译文 (5)Lecture2 (7)原文 (7)题目 (9)答案 (11)译文 (11)Lecture3 (13)原文 (13)题目 (15)答案 (17)译文 (17)Lecture1原文Listen to part of a lecture in a geology class.Professor:OK.Before we begin,I wanna remind you that our field trip to Bryce canyon national park is this weekend.Remember the bus leaves early,five am,so don't forget to set your alarm clocks.I think you're all gonna enjoy getting out of the classroom and actually seeing some remarkable geologic phenomena.Now,while we're there,I want you to pay particular attention to two things.One obviously will be the sediment layers making up the rocks,since we've spent so much time onsedimentary rocks.Bryce canyon is a great place to see how millions of years have turned layers and layers of tightly packed sediment,mud particles,sand remains of plants and animals into rock.But you're also gonna see some fascinating rock shapes, formations that are the result of the weathering and the erosion processes that occur at Bryce canyon.There are two main processes that are important.The first one is a weathering process called frost wedge.Frost wedge a process that widens cracks in rocks in the wintertime.It begins with warm air or daytime sun melting the snow.As the snow turns into water,it seeps into the cracks that occur naturally in sedimentary rocks.At night,this water freezes in the cracks,but when water freezes,it expands quite a bit, which means that it prize cracks open,gradually,making them wider and breaking off a little bits in the process.Now,this thought freeze cycle can happen as many as two hundred times in a single year.So that makes it the most important weathering process at Bryce canyon.The other key processes is runoff,which is an erosion process.Runoff takes place in the summer.The parks in the desert said the grounds very dry.When it rains in late summer,the ground is too hard to absorb the water,so it runs off.And as it runs off, it carries away the gravel,the broken bits of rock created by cross wedge in the winter.So runoff is the main erosion process that alters the rock landscape in the park.And because these processes have occurred over thousands of years,some of the results can be pretty dramatic,like the giant corridors are passage ways that have developed within the rocks.These passage ways are known as slot canyons.Here's an example of one,not from the part we're going to.This one is actually in Australia,but the scale is typical.So these huge spaces started out as small cracks throughout the sedimentary rock,then thanks to millions of cycles across wedge and runoff.What used to be one big area of rock is now sort of two smaller areas of brought with the corridor in between.We'll have a chance to walk through some like this.These slot canyons are great places to explore,but let me just say,for any of you who aren't from around here,if you ever go on your own,make sure you check aweather forecast first.A sudden heavy rain can cause a flash flood in a slot canyon. So you want to know when it's safe to explore them.Unfortunately,it'll be dry this weekend.Now,these deep,narrow slots are pretty common.You might even have two of them very close to each other with only a thin wall of rock in between.Of course,frost wedge is still at work,so it starts wearing away at the front of the thin wall until you get a whole I mean a hole all the way through the wall,front to back.And this hole gets bigger and bigger.Once it's at least one meter in diameter,it's called a window.And eventually the weight on top of it is just too much,so the roof caves in and only the sides,sometimes it's just one side is left standing.These sides,which look a lot like collins,now are called Hudos.Here's a photo of something we'll be seeing.One of the things that makes Bryce canyon unique is that it has more Hudos than anywhere else in the world.Yes,Margot?Female student:Why is it so lumpy looking?You'd think it would be smoother.Professor:Well,remember,these are sedimentary rocks,so they have layers.Some layers are mostly limestone,and limestone erodes pretty quickly in the presence of any kind of acid.Now Bryce canyon in a very unpolluted area,but even,there the rain water has a little carbolic acid in it,which causes the limestone to erode.But other layers are made up of different types of sediment,which aren't so vulnerable to acid,so they don't erode as quickly.题目1.What is the lecture mainly about?A.The length of time required to produce sedimentary rocksB.The role of climate conditions in the creation of sedimentary rocksC.Some processes that produced a specific group of rock formationsD.Some unique geologic features found in canyons in the United States2.According to the professor,what is one characteristic that frost wedging and runoff share?A.Neither occurs in a desert.B.Neither is a frequent event.C.Both are weathering processes.D.Both are seasonal phenomena.3.Why does the professor show a picture of a slot canyon?A.To give students a sense of the size of a typical slot canyonB.To show students one of the places they will visit on their field tripC.To illustrate how many sediment layers are visible in a typical slot canyonD.To show how much slot canyons can vary based on local climate conditions4.What is the professor's attitude toward students exploring Bryce Canyon on their own?A.He worries that students may not know to take appropriate precautions if they go by themselves.B.He suspects that many students will not go on their own if such a trip requires them to get up early.C.He hopes that the class field trip will motivate students to visit Bryce Canyon on their own.D.He believes that students learn more from individual exploration than they dofrom being in a group.5.How is a hoodoo formed?A.Runoff produces large gravel deposits.B.Air pollution leads to a buildup of limestone.C.The roof of a rock window collapses.D.A flash flood washes away the base of a rock wall.6.According to the professor,what two factors explain why a hoodoo does not have a smooth shape?[Click on2answers.]A.The presence of acid in rainwaterB.The temperature swings between the summer and the winter seasonsC.The composition of the hoodoo's sedimentary layersD.The location of the cracks created by frost wedging答案C D A A C AC译文听一段地质学的讲座。

中考英语试卷听力材料一、听小对话，回答问题。

（每小题1分）1.Where is the post office?A. Opposite the school.B. Beside thebookstore. C. Behind the hotel.2.How long has the boy learned English?A. Three years.B. Five years.C. Seven years.3.What did Tom do last Sunday?A. He went to the cinema.B. He went shopping.C. He cleaned the house.4.How does Mark want to go to the zoo?A. By car.B. By subwayC. By bus.5.Where does the man want to go?A. To a bank.B. To a museum.C. To a police station.二、长对话理解。

(共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分)听下面一段对话，回答第6、7小题。

6. What is the speech about?A. Science.B. Health.C. The environment.7. Who did Marie come here with?A. Mike.B. Mike's brother.C. Her brother.7.听下面一段对话，回答下面小题。

（1）When did Paul get to the museum?A.At 8:30 amB.At 9:00 amC.At 9:30 am.（2）What was Paul very interested in?A.Old paintingsB.Old clocksC.Old stamps.（3）Where is the restaurant?A.It's across from the museum.B.It's opposite Paul's house.C.It's near a park.三、信息转换。

toefl听力历年真题一、听力第一节(共5小题，每小题1分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1、Who is the man talking about now?A.His girlfriend.B.His sister.C.His mother.2、What are they talking about?A.A traffic accident.B.A fire.C.A crime.3、Where does the conversation most probably take place?A.At a bookshop.B.At a kitchen.C.At a bank.4、Who was injured?A.George.B.George’s wife.C.George’s wife’s father.5、What do we learn from the conversation?A.Tony could not continue the experiment.B.Tony finished the experiment last night.C.Tony will go on with his experiment.第二节(共15小题，每小题1分)听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。

6、Where does this conversation most likely take place?A.In the street.B.At the woman’s home.C.Over the phone.7、What is the woman going to do tonight?A.Help her sister with English.B.Meet her friend at the station.C.Go to an exhibition with her parents.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。

智课网TOEFL备考资料老托福听力93篇下载(文本+翻译)摘要：老托福听力93篇下载(文本+翻译)!托福听力要想拿到高分，必然就要勤加苦练。

其实听力方面真的没有特别的技巧，因此大家考试回归到苦练上吧，接下来就让我们练习老托福听力93篇吧!老托福听力93篇是练习听力的常见资料，利用老托福真题的练习，可以让大家更加清晰的了解托福听力考试，更加熟悉的了解托福听力的题型等等。

老托福听力93篇生词预习：1. stylized: adj. drawn or written in an artificial style, that does not include natural detail(绘画或写作)程式化的2. realism: n.[U]the style of art and literature in which everything is shown or described as it really is in life 现实主义，写实主义(艺术、文学上的风格)3. portrait: n.[C]a painting, drawing, or photograph of a person(人的)画像;照片;肖像[+of]4. imitate: v. to copy something because you think it is good(认为是好的因而)仿效(某物)5. static: adj. not moving, changing, or developing, especially when movement or change would be good 不动的;不变化的;不发展的;静(止)的6. formalism: n.[U]a style or method in art, religion, or science that pays too much attention to established rules(艺术、宗教或科学的)形式主义...扫码安装小马 APP，免费在线练习老托福听力93篇老托福听力93篇文本：Before we begin our tour, I'd like to give you some background information on the painter Grant Wood. We’ll be seeing much of his work today. Wood was born in 1881 in Iowa farm country, and became interested in art very early in life. Although he studied art in both Minneapolis and at the Art Institute of Chicago, the strongest influences on his art were European. He spent time in both Germany and France and his study there helped shape his own stylized form of realism. When he returned to Iowa, Wood applied the stylistic realism he had learned in Europe to the rural life he saw around him and that he remembered from his childhood around the turn of the century. His portraits of farm families imitate the static formalism of photographs of early settlers posed in front of their homes. His paintings of farmers at work, and of their tools and animals, demonstrate a serious respect for the life of the Midwestern United States. By the 1930's, Wood was a leading figure of the school of art called "American regionalism." In an effort to sustain a strong Midwestern artistic movement, Wood established an institute of Midwestern art in his home state. Although the institute failed, the paintings you are about to see preserve Wood's vision of pioneer farmers....以上就是整理的“老托福听力93篇下载(文本+翻译)”，希望通过这些听力真题的练习，能够帮助大家更好的来备考托福考试 !相关字搜索：老托福听力93篇。

历年托福听力考试真题下载十(原文+音频)为了让同学们更好地备考托福听力，下面小马编辑为大家整理了历年5月份托福听力考试真题，并附有文本和听力音频，供同学们进行下载练习。

以下是2005年5月托福听力考试真题音频:部分2005年5月托福听力考试真题原文如下：Part A1. M: Do you know when the next train is I need to be at the Museum of Fine Arts by 10:30.W: Actually there is a shuttle bus at 10 that takes you directly there. And it’s only a 25-minute ride.Q: What does the woman imply2. M: It was such a great weekend. I saw two really good movies on the play. What did you do-W: What you were supposed to be doing Studying! Did you forget we have an exam todayQ: What does the woman mean3. W: So what are they supposed to be building over there Another gymM: Isn’t that where the new library is goingQ: What are the speakers talking about4. W: Do you mind if I use your computer to write a history paper Mine’s out for repairs.M: Sorry, I am in the middle of typing something and it’s gonna be a while. You know, the computer lab is still open.Q: What does the man imply the woman should do5. M: Hi Gina, that’s a really cool watch. Where did you get itW: Well, my sister works at the jewelry store right off campus.（6: W: Do you think classes are gonna be canceled because of the snow stormM: I sure hope so. It says on the radio that the roads are treacherous. Why don’t you check with the administration officeQ: What does the man suggest the woman do7. M: So where is Gloria these days It likes that she is disappeared.W: You obviously haven’t been to the library in a while.Q: What can be inferred about Gloria8. W: I don’t know what you did to this computer. But it keeps giving me these error messages.M: Oh, sorry, I was playing around with it before you came in. Let me take a look at it.Q: What will the man do9. M: Chicken or fish I know they are both good here. But I just can’t make up my mind./W: Come on. We haven’t got all night.Q: What does the woman mean10. W: Oh no, I just remembered I was supposed to give Tom his CD back when I see him in class today. But I left it sitting on the kitchen table.M: I don’t think it’s any big deal. I am sure he can do without it until our next class.Q:11. W: I’m starting to lose my voice, which usually lose I am about catch a cold. Do you think I should go to the clinic and have my throat looked atM: As soon as possible, esp. since we have four exams next week in German class.Q: What does the man suggest the woman do12. M: Are you sure you want to rent that apartment It is the first one you saw.W: You’re right. I shouldn’t be so hasty. It wouldn’t hurt to check out a few more.@Q: What will the woman probably do13. W: Wow, you are really tall. Are you in a basketball teamM: I may be tall but that doesn’t mean I’ve ever been any good as a player.Q: What does the man imply14. M: Which of these shirts do you think I should buy The red or the green oneW: Well, didn’t you already buy a red one last week A little variety would be good.Q:15. M: I was surprised to hear that you’ll accept the job offer from the bank. Are you sure you’ll like working thereW: Well, I just thought I would give it a try. If I don’t like it, I can quit any time.Q:【16. M: I’m having a party tonight. Can you make itW: I’d love to, but my aunt’s here only one day. And I promised to take her to a play.Q: What will the woman probably do17. M: How are you gonna pay for classes next year Did you apply for financial aidW: Well, I am working at a bookstore and doing some tutoring. That should be enough. Don’t you think以上就是小编为大家整理的“历年托福听力考试真题下载十(原文+音频)”部分内容，更多资料请点击托福资料下载频道!。

TPO 20 listening 题目1.Why does the man go to talk to the woman?A. To find out if he can get extended borrowing privilegesB. To find out if he needs to immediately return a book he borrowedC. To find out why he has to pay a library fineD. To find out why his borrowing privileges have been suspended2. What will the man probably do today? Click on 2 answers.A. Get photocopies of a book chapterB. Find out who requested his bookC. Borrow additional booksD. Renew the book Modern Social Problems3. What is the woman trying to explain when she mentions students who have lost their borrowing privileges?A. Why the man should not photocopy part of the bookB. The reasons for one of the library’s policiesC. What will happen if the man does not return the bookD. The reason the man has to fill out a form4. How does the man probably feel at the end of the conversation?A. Annoyed that he has to pay a fine on the bookB. Upset that he is losing his library privilegesC. Glad that he can keep the book for two more weeksD. Less worried about having to return the book5. Why does the woman say thisA. To make sure she understands what the man’s problem isB. To encourage the man to return the book to the library soonC. To check whether the man has already returned the bookD. To see if the man is familiar with the library’s policy6. What is the main topic of the lecture?A. The reasons people are not always truthful in conversationsB. The need for greater regulation of language used in advertisingC. The need for maximum precision and detail in everyday conversationD. The role of certain rules in determining what a speaker means7. According to the professor, what helps speakers keep conversations from proceeding too slowly?A. The ability to make inferences according to the Gricean MaximsB. The ability to effectively distinguish truth from falsehoodC. The willingness to acknowledge that a Gricean Maxim has been violatedD. The willingness to ignore the Gricean Maxims on occasion8. For each of the following, indicate whether or not it reflects one of the Gricean Maxims that the professor mentions. (Click on any choice that does and leave the rest unchecked.) Click on as many answers as apply.A. Try to make the topic interestingB. Avoid making claims that are false.C. Make comments as informative as necessary.D. Make as few assumptions as possible.E. Make comments relate to previous statements.9. Why does the professor describe a letter of recommendation?A. To point out differences between written statements and spoken statementsB. To illustrate how people may be deceived in a business environmentC. To show how violating a Maxim may contribute to a statement’s meaningD. To prove that lying is sometimes considered acceptable10. What does the professor imply about advertisers?A. They are less likely than politicians to violate a Gricean Maxim.B. They realize that consumers know whether an advertisement violates a Maxim.C. They often make use of the Gricean Maxims to express humor.D. They realize that consumers make false inferences from advertisements.11. What type of Maxim does the professor illustrate with this example:A. MannerB. QualityC. QuantityD. Relevance12. What is the lecture mainly about?A. The effect of ice ages on the development of agricultureB. A theory about a change in Earth’s climate cycleC. Strategies to prevent Earth from entering another ice ageD. Some effects of industrialization on Earth’s atmosphere13. What does the professor imply about Earth’s climate over the last several million years? Click on 2 answers.A. Ice ages have alternated with warmer periods.B. Recent ice ages have not been as cold as earlier ice ages.C. Interglacial periods have become cooler and cooler overtime.D. Previous interglacial periods were shorter than the current interglacial period.14. According to the professor, what factor is extending the duration of the current interglacial period?A. A shift in the locations of wetlands and forestsB. The relatively mild temperatures of the most recent ice ageC. The increased absorption of certain atmospheric gases by farm cropsD. An increase in the quantity of certain gases in Earth’s atmosphere15. According to the professor, what activities associated with the beginnings of agriculture may have slowed or prevented the onset of a predicted ice age? Click on 2 answers.A. The clearing of treesB. The burning of fossil fuelsC. The domestication of certain animalsD. The cultivation of certain grains16. What is the pro fessor’s attitude toward industrialization?A. He thinks that its effect on Earth’s climate will decrease overtime.B. He is worried that it may speed the arrival of the next ice age.C. He thinks that it may reduce the effect of agriculture on Earth’s cli mate.D. He is unsure about its long-term effects on Earth’s climate.17. What does the professor imply when he says thisA. Theorists sometimes make careless predictions.B. Theorists were unaware of some of the effects of human activities.C. Technology of the 1970s was not sophisticated enough to detect the earliest stages of an ice age.D. Scientists in the 1970s overestimated the speed at which ice ages progress.18. Why does the professor want to talk to the student?A. To discuss her application to graduate schoolB. To discuss a possible internship at the school’s libraryC. To encourage her to increase the scope of her research projectD. To suggest some changes to improve her research project19. According to the professor, what information should be included in the student’s application?A. The amount of money she will need for her researchB. The amount of time she will need to complete her projectC. A summary of research already conducted on the topicD. Reasons why she chose that particular topic20. Why does the professor mention a university in Boston?A. He used to be a professor at that university.B. He thinks the student may find useful material there.C. He has plans to visit the university soon.D. He thinks the student should attend a conference there.21. What does the professor say he will do for the student?A. Help her determine details for a research budgetB. Assist her with her graduate school inquiryC. Talk to her about ways of expanding her projectD. Write a letter of recommendation for her22. Why does the professor say thisA. He thinks the fund is rather limited.B. He agrees that the fund’s name is rather long.C. He thinks the student needs help with her project.D. He is surprised that the student is not familiar with the fund23. What is the lecture mainly about?A. The role played by folktales in contemporary Norwegian societyB. A description of the major types of Norwegian folktalesC. A comparison of Norwegian folktales and Norwegian folk legendsD. An illustration of the differences between oral literature and written literature24. What does the professor find appealing about folk legends?A. They are very imaginative.B. They are somewhat realistic.C. They stress what is important in a culture.D. They show similarities between otherwise diverse societies.25. How is the story of the bear and the fox characteristic of Norwegian animal stories?A. It explains the origin of a physical characteristic of an animal.B. It uses animal behavior to explain human characteristics.C. It shows how animals were domesticated by people.D. It contains episodes of animals changing into people.26. Why does the professor mention a folktale called east of the Sun and West of the Moon? Click on 2 answers.A. To point out conventions found in most folktalesB. To point out differences between animal stories and comical storiesC. To give an example of a transformation storyD. To give an example of a story published in the first collection of Norwegian folktales27. What does the professor say about the characters in Norwegian Folktales?A. They usually behave in playful and amusing ways.B. They usually behave the way that real Norwegian people behave.C. Most are giants, trolls, or dragons.D. Most are based on actual historical figures.28. What does the professor imply happened as a result of the Romantic movement’s spreading to Norway?A. Children’s literature became less popular.B. Attempts were made to modernize the plots of traditional folktales.C. Folktales began to be regarded as an important aspect of Norwegian culture.D. Folktales in Norway became more similar to folktales from other parts of Europe.29. What is the lecture mainly about?A. Typical features of the snowshoe hare that do not result from adaptationB. Various strategies used by snowshoe hares to find food during the winterC. Characteristics that snowshoe hares have developed in response to theirenvironmentD. Interactions between snowshoe hares and human populations in the state of Maine30. According to the professor, what causes the snowshoe hare’s fur to begin turning white?A. A decrease in the hours that the Sun is up each dayB. A sudden drop in temperatureC. The increasing amount of snow on the groundD. The changing nature of the food supply31. Why might an early snowfall be a particularly dangerous time for the snowshoe hare?A. Its feet would not yet have grown to resemble snowshoes.B. Its babies would not yet be able to keep themselves warm.C. Its chances of being seen by a predator are much higher.D. It might not be able to locate where it stored its food supply.32. The professor implies that the snowshoe hare has an advantage over other animals because of its unusual feet. What is that advantage?A. It can reach food in higher locations better than its competitors.B. It can stay warm in cold weather longer than its competitors.C. It can outrun its predators in deep snow.D. It can dig under the snow to hide from its predators.33. The professor explains that the snowshoe hare’s food supply is available year-round. What does the availability of food allow the snowshoe hare to do?A. Store body fat for the cold monthsB. Remain lightweight through the winterC. Give birth during the winterD. Grow fur quickly during the first year after birth34. Why does the student say thisA. He wants to support the professor’s point with an example.B. He is grateful the professor has answered his question.C. The professor’s explanation contradicts his own experienc e.D. The professor may not believe he is telling the truth.QuestionNo QuestionType YourAnswers StandardAnswersScore1 SINGLE B 12 MULTIPLE AC 13 SINGLE C 14 SINGLE D 15 SINGLE A 16 SINGLE D 17 SINGLE A 18 MULTIPLE BCE 19 SINGLE C 110 SINGLE D 111 SINGLE D 112 SINGLE B 113 MULTIPLE AD 114 SINGLE D 115 MULTIPLE AD 116 SINGLE D 117 SINGLE B 118 SINGLE C 119 SINGLE A 120 SINGLE B 121 SINGLE D 122 SINGLE B 123 SINGLE B 124 SINGLE B 125 SINGLE A 126 MULTIPLE AC 127 SINGLE B 128 SINGLE C 129 SINGLE C 130 SINGLE A 131 SINGLE C 132 SINGLE C 133 SINGLE B 134 SINGLE C 1。