历年高考语法
1. (2018全国卷I)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Accordi ng to a review of evide nee in a medical jour nal, runners live three year _______
(long) tha n non-runn ers. You don ' t have to run fast or for 62ng (see) the ben efit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 ______________________ (die) early by
running.
While running regularly can ' t make you live forever, the revie64 says i(be) more effective at lengthening life 65_____________ walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the
review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 mi nu tes a day
of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).
The best exercise is one that ya enjoy and will do. But otherwise ... it ' s probably running
To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68 (stre ngth) your leg
muscles 肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it 69 ' s (en ergy). If you are time poor, you n eed run for only half the time to get the same ben efits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.
2. (2018全国卷II)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Diets have cha nged in chin a-a nd so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 61 __
(grow) more corn tha n rice。Corn product ion has jumped n early 125 perce nt over 62 past 25 years, while rice has in creased only 7 perce nt.
A taste for meat is 63 __ (actual) behi nd the cha nge: An importa nt part of its corn is used to feed chicke ns, pigs, and cattle. Ano ther reas on for corn's rise: The gover nment en courages farmers to grow corn in stead of rice 64 ___________________ _______ (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water
_65__ rice and creates less fertilizer 化月肥)runoff. This switch has decreased 66 ________
(pollute)i n the coun try's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
Accordi ng to the World Bank, Chi na acco unts for about 30 perce nt of total 67 ___ (globe)
fertilizer con sumpti on. The Chin ese Min istry of Agriculture finds that betwee n 2005-whe n the government 68 _______ (start) a soil-testing program 69_ _______ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers- and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That preve nted the emissio n(排放)of 51.8 millio n tons of carb on dioxide. Chi na's approach to protecting its environment while 70 ______________________________ (feed) its citizens offers useful lessons for
agriculture and food policymakers worldwide, ” says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
3. (2018全国卷III)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确
形式。
rm not sure 61 is more frighte ned, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that sudde nly appears out of no where. I'm walk ing on a path in the forest in the Cen tral Africa n Republic. Un expectedl y, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who beg ins scream ing at 62 top of her lun gs. That makes her baby scream, and the n a 400-po und male appears. He screams the 63 (loud) of all. The no ise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward
me. I quickly lower myself, duck ing my head to avoid 64 (look) directly into his eyes so he does n't feel 65
(challe nge).
My n ame is Mireya Mayor. I'm a 66 (scie nee) who studies ani mals such as apes
and mon keys. I was search ing 67 these three western lowla nd gorillas rd bee n
observ ing. No one had see n them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.
When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find 68 (they) alive. True to gorilla's un aggressive n ature, the huge anim al 69 (mea n) no real harm. He was just say ing: “ I'm king of this forest, and here is your rem in der! ” Once his message v
he allowed me 70 ______ (stay) and watch.
4. (2017全国I)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There has bee n a rece nt trend in the food service in dustry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical commu ni ty (医学界) 61 _____a
method of fight ing heart disease, has had some uninten ded side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thi ng the medical com mun ity was tryi ng to fight.
Fat and salt are very importa nt parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is miss ing someth ing. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that somethi ng miss ing. Eve n _______________________________________________________ 66
(bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67 (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat tha n they n eed in their diet.
Hav ing eno ugh fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to sn ack吃点心)betwee n meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anythin g, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.
5. (2017全国U)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In 1863 the first un dergro und passe nger railway in the world ope ned in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible _61_ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and ____________________________ _62__ work. It took three years to complete and was
built using an in terest ing method. This in cluded digg ing up the road, 63 (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over_ __64= top. When all those had been done, the road
surface was replaced.
Steam engines __ 65__(use) to pull the carriages and it must have
been __ 66__(fair) un pleasa nt for the passe ngers, with all the smoke and no ise. However, the
railway quickly proved to be a great success and with in six mon ths, more tha n 25,000 people were using __________ 67__ every day.
Later, engin eers ___ 68 __ (man age) to con struct railways in a system of deep tunn eis隧
道) , which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the ___ 69 __
(in troduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The cen tral London Railway was one of the most 70
______ (success) of these new lin es, and was ope ned in 1900. It had white-pa in ted
tunn els and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.
6. (2017全国川)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is look ing forward to challe nge of her new A-level course .But un like school frie nds ,16-year-old Sarah is not spe nding half-term 61 _ _ (rest). In stead, she is earning $6500 a day_62 _ _ model
in New York.
Sarah 63 ___________ (tell) that she could be Britain ' s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the new year. Her father Peter 44,wants her to give up school to model fulltime But Sarah, 64 _ _
has taken part in shows along with top models wa6§_ — (prove) that she
has brains as well as beauty. She is determ ined to carry on with 66r ________ (educate).
She has turned dow n sever __________ (in vitati on) to star at shows in order to concen trate
on her studies After school she plans to take a year off to model full time before going to university to get a degree 68 _______________ engin eeri ng or architecture.
Sarah says, "My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the mome nt, sch
__________ (come) first. I don't want to get too absorbed in modeli ng. I7ts fun but
(certa in)
the lifestyle is a little un real. I don't want to have nothing else to fall back on whe n I
can't model my more."
7. （2016全国I）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的
正确形式。？
Chen gdu has doze ns of new milli on aires, Asia ' s biggest build ing, and fancy new hotels. Bu for tourists like me, pan das are its top ___ 61 ___ (attract).
So it was a great honour to be in vited backstage at the no t-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I ______________ 2 ________ allow)to get up close to these cute
animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be __63
___________ (official) give n to me at a cerem ony in London. But my conn ecti on with pan das
goes back ___ 64 ________my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ____ 5 _________ I was
the first Wester n TV reporter _66 ______ (permit) to film a special unit cari ng for pan das
rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include
__67 _____ (in troduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pan das at Chen gdu and others at a
research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
On my rece nt visit, I help a lively three-m on th-old twin that had bee n rejected by _68 _
(it) mother. The nu rsery team switches him every few __69 _____ ( day) with his sister so that
while one is being bottle-fed, =70 ____ other is with mum-she n ever suspects.
8. (2016全国卷U)阅读下面材料〒空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
If you feel stressed by resp on sibilities at work, you should take a step back and ide ntify(识另肋those of _61 ____________(great) and less importanee. Then, handle the most important tasks
first so you'll feel a real sense of _62 __________ (achieve). Leaving the less important things
until tomorrow 63 ________ (be) often acceptable.
Most of us are more focused 64 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.
So get an early start and try to be as productive 65. _____ possible before lunch. This will give
you the con fide nee you n eed to get you through the after noon and go home feeli ng accomplished.
Rece nt 66 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 67 (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 68
while, exercis ing, or doing someth ing you enjoy.
If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you'll be less likely 69_ _
(bri ng) your work home. It could be any thi ng, garde ning, cook ing, music, sport—but whatever it is, _T0 (make )sure it's a relief from daily stress rather tha n ano ther thi ng to
worry about.
9. (2016全国卷川)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl ” cultures of China, Japan, K41ea, Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
Chopsticks are usually two long, thi n pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks
might 42 (make)of gold and silver with Chin ese characters. Skilled workers also comb ine various hardwoods and metal 43 ________________ (create)special desig ns.
The Chin ese have used chopsticks for five thousa nd years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, 44 _________________ (use) twigs树枝)to remove it. Over time, 45 the
population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eate n easily with twigs which 46 (gradual)tur ned into chopsticks.
Some people thi nk that the great Chin ese scholar Confucius, 47 __________ -lived from
roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influeneed the 48 _________ (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius
believed kni ves would remi nd people of killi ngs and 49 __________ (be) too viole nt for use at
the table.
Chopsticks are n ot used everywhere in Asia. In In dia, for example, most people traditi on ally eat _50 ___________________ their han ds.
10. (2015全国I)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填写在答题卡的相应位置。
Yangshuo, China
It was raining lightly when I _61_ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn care. A few hours 62
, I ' d been at home in Hong Kong, wit63 ____ (it) choking smog.
Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.
I ' d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River_64_ __are pictured by artists in so many Chinese
65 (pa in ti ng). In stead, I ' d headed straight for Yan gshuo. For those who fly to Guili n, it only an hour away 66 _____________ c ar and offers all the sce nery of the better-k nown city.
Yangshu ____________ (be) really beautiful. A study of
travelers_68 ____________ (con duct) by the website TripAdvisor n ames Yan gshuo as one of the
top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel compa ny in Hong Kong, says it
69 __________ (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 70 ___________ (live) in
Sha nghai and Hong Kong.
11. (2015全国卷U)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
The adobe dwellings 土坯房) 61 ________ (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American
Southwest are admired by even 62 ________ most moder n of architects and engin eers .In
addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 63__ (able) to “ air con
ditionouse ”vith(hut 64 ( use) electric equipme nt. Walls made of adobe
take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 65 ___ ______ ( slow) during
cool nights, thus warming the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold eno ugh 66 _______________ (cool) the house duri ng the hot day; 67
_____________ the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle 68
——(go) day after day: The walls warm up duri ng the day and cool off duri ng the ni ght
and are thus always a timely offset抵了肖)for the outside temperatures. As 69 __________
(nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 70 __________ thick the adobe
walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
12. (2014全国卷I)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号
内单词的正确形式。
Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?
In 1969,the pollution was terrible alo ng the Cuyahoga River Clevela nd, Ohio. It __61 __ be)
uni mag in able that it could ever be clea ned up. The river was so polluted that it
___ 62 ___ (actual)caught fire and bur ned. Now, ears later, this river is one of _63 __ most outsta nding examples of en vir onmen tal clea nup.
But the river wasn ' t changed in a few days __64
even a few m onhsy ears of
work 65 _______ (reduce ) the in dustrial polluti on and clea n the water. Fi nally, that hard work
paid off and now the water in the river is _ 66 ____ (clea n) tha n ever.
Maybe you are facing an impossible situati on. Maybe you leave a habit __67 is driv ing
your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or don ' t know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an impossible situation ,don ' t you want a quick fix and something tc cha nge immediately?
While there are ___ 68 ______ (amaze) stories of in sta nt tran sformatio n, for most of us
the ___ 69 _____ (cha nge) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like clea ning up a
polluted river. Just be 70 _________ (patie nee)
13. (2014全国U)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about __41 ___ (be) late for school.
There were many people wait ing at the bus stop, __ 42 ___ some of them looked very an xious
and __ 43__(disappo int) . whe n the bus fin ally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place n ext
44 the win dow, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike 45 (catch ) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused 46 (stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the
boy kept ___ 47 __ (ride). He was carry ing someth ing over his shoulder and shout ing. Fin ally,
when we came to the n ext stop, the boy ran up the door of the bus. I heard an excited con versati on. Then the driver stood up and asked, “ ___ 48 __ anyone lose a suitcase at the las stop? ” A woman on the bus shouted, “ Oh, dear! It ‘ s _____ 49 __ (I ) ” . She pushed her
driver and took the suitcase tha nkfully. Five others on the bus bega n talk ing about what the boy had done and the crowd of stranger ___________________ (sudde n) became frie ndly to one ano ther.