Week 3 Additional Reading- Layder 2

supplementaryreadingunit2Unit twoText OneDirection: The following text is about how to identify phonemes. Please read aloud the tongue-twisters in the text, and try to see how fast you can read them. (M. Yaguello. Language Through the Looking Glass. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998:52-54)Every human being is born with the same sound-producing (articulatory) ability. Everyone can utter a very wide range of sounds, as its clearly shown by the ―babbling‖of very young children. A baby can produce sounds which seem incredibly strange and outlandish to the people around it. Jakobson (1941) writes:In its babble, a child can articulate an overall number of sounds which never come together ina single language, not even in a whole family of language: consonants with vastly different pointsof articulation, palatal and rounded, sibilant and fricative; then there are clicks, complex vowels,diphthongs, etc.For a child, these sounds are above all expressive, playful. Plunged into a world of meaningless sounds, the child plays with its voice as though the latter were a toy or a musical instrument. The sounds are also phatic –the babble informs the child, as it were, of its presence. At this stage, the sounds do not have communicative value: The child cannot yet organize them into message. But then, as it learns its mother tongue—as it listens to the people around it—the baby gradually identifies some orderwithin this sonic chaos, a system which effectively privileges certain sounds: the distinctive sounds (which convey but do not contain meaning) of the language: a language which the child, as yet, does not even realize it is learning.Strangely enough, the child will progressively lose the ability to articulate the sounds which do not belong in this system, losing a natural ability in favor of a cultural one. What is more surprising still is that the child, in the early stage of language acquisition, loses not only those sounds which are foreign to the language it is acquiring, but also a good number of those which belong to the system. The child recognizes the, but has to re-learn how to articulate them . Learning this distinctive value of the phonemes thus entails a temporary regression. Accordingly, from age 2 to 4, there is a gap between the child’s passive competence (its ability to recognize the distinctive sounds of its language) and its active competence (its ability to reproduce them). If your child, for example, calls a sheep a ―seep‖, it does not mean that the child cannot hear the difference and the worst thing one can do is to start imitating the child and indulging in ―baby talk‖. When the world of sound switches from being phonetic to being phonological, the child has to learn how to identify the often subtle boundaries between sounds inasmuch as they generate differences in meaning. The more two phonemes resemble each other, the more the child will find it difficult to keep them apart; to distinguish, for example, between truck and chuck, or sing and thing: a fact which explains why we resort, partly in a spirit of play, partly for pedagogic purposes, to the classic children’s tongue-twisters.She was a thistle sifter and sifted thistles through a thistle sieveThe sixth sheikh’s sixth sheep’s sickI can think of six thin things and of six thick things tooPeter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppersAround the rugged rocks the ragged rascal ranOr the following ditty:She sells sea-shells on the sea-shore.The shells she sells are sea-shells I am sure,For if she sells sea-shells on the sea-shoreThen I am sure she sells sea-shore shells.These examples bear out the fact that the opposition between neighboring phonemes[?] as in shell and [s] as in sell or [θ]as in thin and [s] as in sin, is acquired with difficulty for young children (they usually pronounce tchuck or twuck for truck) and also for foreigners whose language contains a different kind of [r](the French) or no [r] at all.The young child is extremely sensitive to minimal pairs and loves playing with paronymic sequences which bring together and juxtapose a group of very similar words. This accounts for the success, at nursery school, of ditties such as:A flea and a fly in a flueWere imprisoned, as what could they do?Said the flea, ―let us fly‖Said the fly, ―let us flee‖So, they flew through a flaw in the flue.Or:Did you eever iver ever in your leaf life loafSee the deevil divil devil kiss his weef wife woaf?No, I neever niver never in my leaf life loafSaw the deevil divil devil kiss his weef wife woafWhile still young a child can acquire several foreignlanguages, in addition to its mother tongue, and is able to operate several different, co-existing phonological systems. As time passes, however, the child finds it increasingly difficult to hear and therefore to articulate the sounds which do not have a distinctive value in its own language.Text TwoDirection: The following text is about computers and phonology. Do you think that speech synthesis is possible? Why or why not? (E. Finegan. Language: Its Structure and Use (3rd ed.). New York: Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1999:131-132) Several decades ago researchers thought it would be a matter of only a few years before computers would be able to recognize speech and to synthesize it. (You can think of this simply as being able to turn spoken language into print and print into spoken language.) Although there has been some progress on both fronts, the process has taken longer than most researchers anticipated. The reasons do not lie in any absence of sophistication in computers but rather in the complexity of the phonological processes that characterize human languages and in our inability to model in a computer just what speakers do when they produce spoken utterances and understand the utterances of others. For example, as we saw earlier in this chapter, natural speech occurs in a continuous stream and is not readily segmented without knowledge of the particular language involved. Just how human beings segment a continuous stream of spoken language into distinct words and recognize the sound segments in those words remains unclear.The synthesis of speech by machine has also proved challenging. To understand why, focus on a string of sounds such as would occur in a simple word like sand. It would seem to be astraightforward matter to put together a machine-generated form of [s?nd]:just get the machine to produce first a voiceless alveolar fricative, then the vowel [?], then the alveolar stop [d]. It seemssimple enough, but notice that when pronounce sand, its vowel quality differs markedly from the ―same‖ vowel in a word like hat. If a speech synthesizer produced the vowel of hat in the word sand, it would sound highly artificial. Likewise, if it produced the vowel of sand in the word hat, that too would seem very unnatural. You already know that the vowel of sand gets nasalized before the nasal stop that follows it. What happens in articulatory terms is that in anticipation of the following nasal consonant and as the vocal tract starts to move toward that nasal consonant, the vowel itself takes on nasal characteristics. Therein lies one challenge for speech synthesis—how to blend sounds into one another in the way that people do. Just as there is no separation between words in ordinary human speech, so there is no separation between sounds.But the situation is even more complex. We have seen that a sound is essentially a bundle of phonetic features. Thus, we could think of the phonological form of sand as being not just the four segments [s?nd] but as the (partial list of) features given below to each segment: [s] [?] [n] [d]voiceless voiced voiced voicedalveolar low-front alveolar alveolarfricative unrounded nasal stopThe phonetic characteristics of the segments of sand are more complicated than we have indicated, but the representation above will serve for our purposes. Consider that the articulation of the phonetic features in each segment does not start and endat the same time as the others. In other words, the voicelessness of [s] doesn’t abruptly end and the voicing of [?] starts at exactly the same time as the fricative character of the consonant stops and the vowel character of [?] begins. The mouth and the other features of the vocal tract move continuously in the production of even a simple word like sand (as you can feel by saying the word and concentrating on your tongue movement).If the aim of speech synthesis is to make artificial speech sound as natural as possible, a good deal more about the nature of phonetic realizations of underlying phonological forms will have been achieved.。

真题演练(二)[2016·江苏]Ae-Learning：An Alternative Learning OpportunityDay School ProgramSecondary students across Toronto District School Board(TDSB) are invited to take one or two e-Learning courses on their day school timetable.Students will remain on the roll at their day school.The on-line classroom provides an innovative，relevant and interactive learning environment.The courses and on-line classroom are provided by the Ministry of Education.These on-line courses：are taught by TDSB secondary school teachers；are part of the TDSB student’s timetable；and，appear on the student’s report upon completion.Benefits of e-LearningInclude：access to courses that may not be available at his or her TDSB school；using technology to provide students with current information；and，assistance to solve timetable conflicts.Is e-Learning for You?Students who are successful in an on-line course are usually：able to plan，organize time and complete assignments and activities；capable of working independently in a responsible and honest manner；and，able to regularly use a computer or mobile device with internet access.Students need to spend at least as much time with their on-line course work as they would in a face-to-face classroom course.56．E-Learning courses are different from other TDSB courses in that .A．they are given by best TDSB teachersB．they are not on the day school timetableC．they are not included on students’reportsD．they are an addition to TDSB courses答案 D解析细节理解题。

Keys to Reading Course 2Unit 1 ReadingSection AWord Pretest1.B2.A3.B4.A5.B6.C7.B8.CReading prehension1.B2.A3.B4.B5.C6.CVocabulary BuildingWord Search1. assignment2. irony3. reverse4. acplish5. assemble6. squeeze7. sensual8. fragment9. narcotic 10. adolescenceUse of English1. Bob agreed to take on the leadership of the expedition.2. The world was taken in by his fantastic story of having got to the Pole alone.3. He took up his story after a pause for questions and refreshments.4. That takes me back to the time I climbed to the top of Mount Fuji.5. The members of the party took it in turns to steer the boat.6. They took it for granted that someone would pick up their signals and e to their aid. Stems1. proclaim: to announce officially and publicly; to declare2. percentage: a proportion or share in relation to a whole; a part3. confirm: to support or establish the certainty or validity of; to verify4. affirm: to declare positively or firmly; to maintain to be true5. centigram: a metric unit of mass equal to one hundredth of a gram6. exclaim: to express or utter(something) suddenly or vehementlySynonyms1. adaptability2. purpose3.strained4.hold5.defeatClozeimportant second France student bilingualmonolingual serious means use difficultSection B1.F2.T3.T4.C5.A6.B7.B8.B9.B 10.T11.T 12.F 13.F 14.T 15.TSection C1.F2.T3.T4.F5.T6.F7.F8.F9.F 10.FUnit 2 MusicSection AWord Pretest1. B2. C3. B4. C5. B6. BReading prehension1. T2. F3. T4. T5. T6. T7. T8. FVocabulary BuildingWord search1. folk2. capacity3. sensuous4. qualified5. abuse6. stuff7. mood8. clarity9. striveSemantic variations1. B2. B3. B4. B5. A6.BStems1. pose: to make up the constituent parts of; to constitute or form2. contract: to reduce in size by drawing together, to shrink3. dispose of: to get rid of, to throw out4. impose: to obtrude or force( oneself, for example) on another or others5. subtract: to make away, to deduct6. deposit: to put (money) in a bank or financial accountSynonyms1. discriminating2. widespread3. patibility4. clearness5. associationClozemusic form south danceinterest instruments voice rootsSection B1. F2. T3. F4. F5. F6.T 7 T 8. F 9 F 10. F11. F 12. T 13. T 14. F 15 TSection C1. D2. A3. D4. D5.D6. D7. D8. AUnit 3 GenerationSection AWord Pretest1. C2. C3. B4. C5. B6. C7. C8. AReading prehension1. D2. C3. C4. A5. B6. C7. A8. B Vocabulary BuildingWord search1. lull2. associate3. client4. utterly5. certificate6. rags7. jerk8. foreman9. demanding 10. sentimental Semantic variations1. C2. C3. B4. A5. B6. CStems1. transmit: to send from one person, thing, or place to another; to convey2. deduce: to reach (a conclusion) by reasoning3. eject: to throw out forcefully; to expel4. pel: to force, drive, or constrain5. project: to thrust outward or forward6. conduct: to lead or guideAntonyms1. hopeless2. disobedient3. weighty4. agree5. clearClozeactive girls skirts move raisedforce show fly hesitated planeSections B1. B2. C3. C4. B5. C6. C7. C8. C9. A 10.C 11. C 12. C 13. A 14. C 15. CSection C1. F2. T3. T4. T5. F6. F7. T8. F9. T 10. TUnit 4Section AWord Pretest1.D2.A3.A4.B5.A6.C7.A8.B9.D 10. CReading prehension1.B2.B3.B4.B5.C6.A7.BVocabulary BuildingWord Search1. slanting2. equator3. amplifier4. vapor5. desert6. latitude7. atlitude8. monsoon9. drain 10. precautionSemantic Variations1.A2.B3.C4.A5.C6.AStems7. division: one of the parts, sections or groups into which something is divided8. evident: easily see or understood; obvious9. individual: a single human being considered apart from a society or munity10. sustain: to support from below; to keep from falling or sinking; to prop11. visible: p ossible to see; perceptible to the eye12. obtain: to succeed in gaining possession of as the result of planning or endeavor; to acquire Synonyms1. mixture2. eternal3.impact4.humidity5.remoteClozeradio incorrect predict misunderstandingunexplained happen up rightSection B1.B2.C3.A4.F5.T6.F7.F8.F9.T 10.C11.C 12.B 13.T 14.F 15.TSection C1.T2.T3.F4.T5.F6.T7.F8.T9.T 10.TUnit 5 WorkSection AWord Pretest1C 2A 3B 4 C 5 B 6 A 7 C 8 CReading prehension1-8 C A A C C BVocabulary BuildingWord Search1 intangible 2. crave 3 ego 4 attributable 5 stall 6 tool up 7 at stake 8. cram 9. forfeit 10. cornyUse of English1. By the time I opened the can its contents had gone off.2. I’ll go over how it works before you try it yourself.3. I was told it would be repaired free of charge, but the man in the shop has gone back on his promise.4. The book was so popular that there weren’t enough copies to go round.5. His shop has gone out of business after making heavy losses.6. The trade has gone from bad to worse and staff are being laid off.Stems 1-6 BADAACSynonyms 1-5 graceful spontaneously oppose usual clientClozestaff maximize objectives participate potentialskills easier appointed specific mitmentSection B1-5 ACBFT 6-10 FACDB 11-15 CBTFTSection C1-5 FTFTF 6-10 TFTFTKeys to Reading Course 2Unit 6 The African-AmericansSection AWord Pretest1. C2. A3. C4. A5. B6. A7. C8. CReading prehension1. F 2T 3T 4F 5T 6F 7T 8TVocabulary BuildingWord Search1. destined2. relief3. segregation4. boycott5. sit-in6. legacy7. chronicle8. assault9. plight 10. vigilanceSemantic Variations1C 2A 3C 4A 5B 6CStems1. evolution: the theory that groups of organisms change with passage of time, mainly as a result of natural selection, so that descendants differ morphologically and physiologically from their ancestors2. ascend: to go or move upward3. devolve: to pass on or delegate to another4. migrate: to change location periodically, especially by moving seasonally from one region to another5. export: to send or transport (a modity, for example) abroad, especially for trade or sale6. condescend: to descend to the level of one considered inferior; to lower oneselfAntonyms1. observe2. admit3. dismiss4. eulogize5. advanceClozeNominated raised immigrated earned roseAssignment position army autobiography speakerSection B1T 2T 3F 4C 5B 6D 7D 8D 9T 10F11F 12F 13T 14TSection C1A 2D 3D 4C 5C 6B 7D 8CKeys to Reading Course 2Unit 7 Greek StoriesSection AWord Pretest1.C2.B3.D4.D5.A6.B7.B8.A9.C 10.CReading prehension1.B2.C3.C4.C5. C6.D7.C8.DVocabulary BuildingWord matchripple a little wave on the surface of watermischief naughty behavior by childrenhospitality weling behaviorbillow a large sea wavespell delightful influencenymph a goddess of natureband a group of musiciansuitor a man wishing to marry a particular womanmortal a human beingwarrior a soldiercrafty cunninghostile unfriendlymerry cheerfultame not wildcontent satisfiedresume to take againgloom darknessdespise to look down on with contemptdismay a strong feeling of fear, anxiety and hopelessnessdusk the time just before nightSemantic Variations1-6 CAAAACStems13. tendency: movement or prevailing movement in a given direction2. conservative: favoring traditional views and values; tending to oppose change3. preserve: to keep in perfect or unaltered condition; tending to oppose change4. valuable: of great importance5. available: present and ready for use; at hand; accessible6. prevail: to be most mon or frequent; to be predominantAntonyms1. forbid2. clarify3.sorrow4.remain5.concealClozename place arrows wandered powermischief won neglected celebrate expeditionSection B1-5 CCACD 6-10 TTFFF 11-15 TTBBCSection C1-5 CADBA 6-8DCCUnit 8 Attitude Towards LifeSection AWord Pretest: BACBA BCAReading prehension: CABBC BBBVocabulary BuildingWord matchastonishing surprisingconsiderate thoughtful of other persons’ wishes, needs or feelingspreach to advise or urge others to accept (sth. one believes in) strenuous taking or needing great effort or strengtharena an enclosed area for sports, public entertainments, etc.adversity bad fortune, troublebatter to damage, break, or cause to lose shapereverse the opposite, the other way roundpenetrate to see into or throughself-esteem one’s good opinion of one’s own worthdoom to cause to suffer sth unavoidable and terribleemerge to e out or appear from inside or from being hiddenblessing a gift from God or anything that brings happiness and good fortune mess up to get into disorder; to spoil, etc.devastating pletely destructivemon denominator a quality or belief shared by all the members of a groupodds the probabilities that sth will or will not happenstack to arrange dishonestly so as to give oneself an unfair advantage motive to provide with a strong reason for doing sth.falter lose strength or effectiveness; weakenSemantic Variations: CBBACBStems1 prescribe to advise the use of a medicine2 description an account of a person in words3 terrain a stretch of land, with regard to its natural features4 subscribe to pay regularly in order to receive a magazine, newspaper, etc.5 territorial of a country’s territory6 extraterrestrial of or from outside the earth or its atmosphereAntonymsappear ready hide s skillful carelessClozeintelligent activities workout attitudeoff reducing seem asideSection BCCCCC TFTFT TTFFTSection CFTFTF TFTTTUnit 9 First AidSection AWord Pretest1.B.2.A.3.C4.B.5.B.6.B.7.B.8.A.9.C. 10.BReading prehension1.B.2. C.3. D.4. B/D/A/C.5.C.6.C.7.A.8.C/A/B/DVocabulary BuildingWord Search1.ambulance2.urgent3.emergency4.massage5.yell6.vein7.artery8.fracture9.blister 10.tetanusUse of English1.The government has e in for a lot of criticism.2. It’s hard to e to terms with the government’s defense policy.3. After retiring in 1980 he has decided to make a eback to the political scene.4. The situation has e to the boil now that the government has to face a vote of confidence.5. The tax cuts announced in the Budget do not e into effect until next year.6. The miners came out on strike against the government’s privatization plans.Stems1. solo: a position or passage for an individual voice or instrument, with or without acpaniment2. series: a number of objects or events arranged or ing one after the other in succession3. isolate: to set apart or cut off from others4. desert: to withdraw from, especially in spite of a responsibility or duty; to forsake5. peninsula: a piece of land that projects into a body of water and is connected with the mainland by an isthmus6. exert: to put to use or effect; to put forth7. insulate: to prevent the passage of heat, electricity or sound into or out of somewhere, especially by surrounding with a non-conducting materials8. insert: to put or set into, between or amongSynonyms1. give2. stop3. antiseptic4. block5. penetrateClozePedestrians adults declining avoid signals case impaired fatalitiesSection B1.C2.B3.B4.D5.A6.C7.B8.A 9.T 10.F 11.F 12.F 13.T 14.TSection C1.F2.T3.F4.T5.F6.F7.F8.F9.F 10.TKeys to Reading Course 2Unit 10 MarriageSection AWord Pretest1.C2.C3.C4.C5.A6.A7.A8.CReading prehension1.A2.B3.C4.C5. B6.C7.A8.AVocabulary BuildingWord matchquotation a sentence or passage taken from a bookartificial not naturalanguish very great pain or suffering, esp. of the mindanniversary a day which is an exact year or number of years after something has happened superstition a belief based on association of ideas instead of reason or factbouquet a bunch of flowersheed to give attention toescort to acpanyconfetti small pieces of colored paper thrown on weddingsconceal to hideconsent agreementasunder apartvow a solemn promise or declaration of intentionrites forms of behavior with a fixed pattern for a religious purposesermon to talk usually based on a sentence from the Bible and given as part of a church service Use of English7. Will you please keep me pany for a while?8. I couldn’t keep a st raight face when he told me of his plan.9. The staff are going to be kept in the dark about the firm’s plans for the future.10. I’ll keep an open mind until we’ve discussed it.11. I’ll keep away from her until she’s feeling more optimistic.12. Try to k eep your head even if you don’t know what’s going to happen.Stems14. briefly: for a short time; in as few words as possible15. astronaut: a person trained to pilot, navigate, or otherwise participate in the flight of a spacecraft16. abridge: to reduce the length of (a written text); to condense17. fuse: to blend thoroughly by or as if by melting together18. astronomy: the scientific study of matter in outer space, especially the positions, dimensions, distribution, motion, position, energy and evolution of celestial bodes and phenomena19. confusing: unclear or difficult to understand20. abbreviate: to reduce (a word or phrase) to a shorter form intended to represent the full form Synonyms1. naughty2. divine3.break4.give5.seizeClozewrong dislike midnight standard homelife convinced meantime capitalSection B1.T2.F3.T4.F5.B6.C7.C8.D9.C 10.D11.F 12.T 13.F 14.A 15.C 16. BSection C1.T2.F3.T4.T5.F6.F7.T8.F9.F 10.TKeys to Reading Course 2Unit 11 CreativitySection A Word Pretest1-5: B, A, A, B, A 6-8: B, A, AReading prehension 1-6: A, C, A, A, C，CVocabulary Building ---Word Matchglow to give out heat or lightinstinctive (of ideas, behaviors) natural, not based on learning or thinkingexemplify to serve as examplefunnel a wide-mouthed tube used for pouring liquids into a narrow-necked containerprelude a short piece of music that introduces a large musical workapplaud to praise by clapping one’s handsflash to shine suddenly and brightlyattend to to direct one’s interest and effort topotential the ability to develop, achieve or succeedimpulse a sudden wish to do somethingdoze to sleep lightlyevaluate to judge the value or degree ofresurgence a return to power, life and activitystuck unable to gosketch to describe roughlyUse of English1. The Austrians made peace with Napoleon.2. They couldn’t make out what the enemy were trying to say.3. Seeing the enemy’s guns facing him made hi hair stand on end.4. The onset of winter made things worse for the troops.5. While they were on leave the sailors made the most of their freedom.6. I make no secret of my loathing for war.Stems1. accordance: agreement; conformity2. disclose: to make known (something heretofore kept secret); to reveal3. inclusive: including the specified extremes or limits as well as the area between them4. core: the hard or fibrous central part of certain fruits, such as the apple or the pear, containing the seeds5. enclose: to surround on all sides; to close in6. conclude: to bring about a final agreement or settlement7. encouragement: the act or words of encouraging8. close: a cabinet or enclosed recess for storing linens, household supplies, or clothing Antonyms 1. lose 2. horizontal 3. sterile 4. old 5. identicalClozename managed worked after feelparents puters playing to spend tradeSection B 1-5: C, C, C, C, C 6-10: C, C, C, F, F 11-13: T, C, BSection C 1-5: F, F, T, T, F 6: TUnit 12 TravelSection AWord Pretest1.A2.A3.C4.B5.B6.B7.A8.AReading prehension1.B2.B3.A4.C5.A6.A7.C8.BVocabulary BuildingWord Search1.halve2.purchase3.consulate4.fare5.discount6.resort7.monopoly8.principal9.carnival 10.boredomUse of English1. They are putting on a version of “Cinderella” on ice.2. The opening of his one-man show has been put off until he recovers from his illness.3. I can’t put my finger on what it was that I disliked about the performance.4. Put your previous failures behind you and think of what your next venture might be.5. A plan has been put forward to prevent valuable paintings being sold to collectors and galleries abroad.6. They tried to put pressure on the Arts Council to supports the newly-formed orchestraStems1.dictation: the act of saying or reading aloud to be recorded or written by another2.fraction: a small part; a bit3.indication: serving as a sign, symptom, or token of; something that is signified4.predict: to state, tell about, or make known in advance, especially on the basis of special knowledge5.contradiction: being contrary to; being inconsistent with6.fragments: small parts broken off or detachedSynonyms1. chief2. examine3. fame4. local5. soleClozefound trade famous spread discoveryidea support offered valued saltSection B1.B2.C3.C4.C5.B6.C7.B8.T9.T 10.T11.C 12.C 13.BSection C1.F2.T3.F4.F5.T6.T7.F8.T9.F 10.FUnit 13 ExaminationsSection AWord Protest1. A2. C3. A4. B5. C6. A7. B8. BReading prehension1. B2. C3. C4. A5. C6. BVocabulary BuildingWord Search1. assimilate2. presentation3. deduct4. reinforce5. statistics6. offender7. thwart 8. impunity 9. plagiarize 10. reprimand 11. crib 12. divisiveSemantic Variations1. B2. B3. A4. C5. C6. BStems1. occupation: an activity that serves as one’s regular source of livelihood; a vocation2. broadcast: to transmit (a radio or television program) for public or general use3. captive: taken and held prisoner, as in war4. capture: to hold; to occupy5. abroad: out of one’s own country6. perceive: to bee aware of directly through any of the sense, especially sight or hearing7. conceive: to form or hold an idea8. broaden: to make or bee broaderSynonyms1. thwart2. huge3. break4. obvious5. acplishClozeadvantage meaningful disadvantages subject expressingreading unsatisfactory giving arise pictureSection B1. C2. D3. B4. B5.C6.T7.T8. F 9.F 10. T 11. T 12.B 13. A 14. BSection C1. F2. F3. T4. T5. T6. T7.T8. T9. T 10. TUnit 14 Intellectual Property Section AWord Pretest1. B2. A3. B4. A5. A6. B7. C8. BReading prehension1. B2. C3. C4. B5. C6. B7. AVocabulary BuildingWord Search1. procedure2. variety3. multiple4. application5. promote6. diligent7. novelty8. judicial9. disclosure 10. stimulusUse of English1. This cloudy weather is getting me down.2. I would like to get this meeting over with as quickly as possible.3. You won’t be able to get through to her what she has to do.4. His refusal to mit himself gets on my nerves.5. Thomas and David get along very well.6. One of these days I must get round to replying to all this correspondence. Stems1. densely: the quality of being packed or crowded together2. defense: the act of defending against attack, danger, or injury3. credit: an arrangement for deferred payment of a loan or purchase4. condense: to make (a liquid) thicker by removing some of the water5. incredible: too strange to be believed; unbelievable6. dense: difficult to see throughSynonyms1. rival2. final3. variety4. personal5. barClozebasis revised minimum addition works participated adopted concepts Section B1. T2. F3. F4. A5. A6. C7. F8. T9. F 10. F11. T 12. T 13. C 14. B 15. CSection C1. B2. A3. B4. A5. B6. D7. A8. AUnit 15 LawSection AWord pretest1. C2. A3. B4. B5. C6. B7.C8.CReading prehension1.T2. T3. F4. T5. F6. F7. F8. T9. T 10. TVocabulary BuildingWord Search1. espionage2. anonymity3. extortion4. prosecutor5. sue6. accuse7. indict8. plead9. testimony 10. verdict 11. probation 12 reverseSemantic Variations 1. C 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. BStems1. corruption: the act of being venal; dishonesty2. pendulum: a body suspended from a fixed support so that it swings freely back and forth under the influence of gravity, monly used to regulate various devices, especially clocks3. erupt: to bee violently active4. bankruptcy: the state of being unable to pay one’s debts5. dependable: reliable, trustworthy6. interrupt: to break the continuity or uniformity of7. independence: the state or quality of being independent8. suspend: to cause to stop for a period: to interruptAntonyms1. frequently2. prohibition3. agreement4. disapprove5. fairnessClozeadmitted survey caught relatives vehicles admission threatened increase professional unskilled Section B1. D2. A3. C4. A5. B6. C7. B8. T9. T 10. T11. T 12. T 13. FSection C1. D2. C3. C4. B5. B6. D7. B8. DUnit 16 World War IISection AWord Pretest1. A2. A3. A4. B5. B6. C7. C8. AReading prehension1. C2. C3. C4. A5. A6. AVocabulary BuildingWord Search1. raid2. ordeal3. wail4. muter5. smash6. neutral7. devastate8. armistice9. disarm 10. grievance 11. puppet 12. appeasementSemantic Variations1. B2. A3. B4. A5. C6. BStems1. spectator: an observer of an event2. inspect: to examine carefully and critically, especially for flaws3. inspire: to affect, guide, or arouse by divine influence4. respectively: each separately in the order mentioned5. suspicious: arousing or apt to arouse suspicon; questionable6. expire: to e to an end; to terminate7. prospect: something expected; a possiblity8. perspective: a mental view or outlook9. spectacle: something that can be seen or viewed, especially something of a remarkable or impressive nature10. circumspect: looking round on all sides watchfully; prudentSynonyms1. huge2. ultimate3. conquer4. deadly5. disturbanceClosebase undetected took bombed fleetheart sunk lost declared troopsSection B1. B2. A3. B4. T5. T6. F7. T8. T9. T 10. T 11. B 12. C 13. C 14. F 15. T 16. FSection C1. F2. F3. T4. T5. F6. T7. F8. T9. F 10. TUnit 17 HousingSection AWord Pretest1.B2. B3.B4.C5.C6.B7.B8.DReading prehension1. T2.F3.T4.F5.T6.T7.T8.TVocabulary BuildingWord Search1. sociologist2. spontaneously3. hassle4. sneak5. fee6. jack7. spacious8. cozy9. crawl 10. customarySemantic Variations1. C2. A3. A4. B5. B6. AStems1. sensible: reasonable2. structural: of, relating to, having, or characterized by structure3. sensitive: feeling readily, acutely, or painfully4. consent: to give assent, as to the proposal of another; to agree5. destructive: causing destruction; ruinous6. construction: the act or process of constructingAntonyms1. attached2. helpful3. fixed4. limited5. displeasureClozeplentiful fire inexpensively room spread disastrous difficult unfortable Section B1. C2. D3. B4. D5. F6. T7. T8. F9. C 10. B11. F 12. T 13. T 14. C 15. ASection C1. A2. B3. D4. B5. D6. C7. C8. A9. C 10. AUnit 18 DramaWord Pretest1. B2. B3. B4. A5. B6. A7. A8. BVocabulary BuildingWord Matchsparse thinly spread or distributedbequeath to leave something, especially property, to another by willprecisely exactlyethics moral principlesproposition proposal, suggestiondisloyalty behavior of being not loyalfidget to move one’s body about restlesslywrangle to quarrel angrily and noisily, arguepresume to supposeturn down to refuseconversant familiarfurnish to put furniture, carpets, curtains, and other things into a roomdiscreditable shamefulsolicitor lawyerhire-purchase a way of buying goods gradually; installmnet planSemantic Variations1. C2. A3. C4. B5. A6. AStems1. chronometer a very exact clock for measuring time2. encyclopedia a book or set of books containing information on every branch of knowledge, or on one particular branch, subjects or on numerous aspects of a particular field, usually arranged alphabetically3. autograph a person’s own signature or handwriting4. chronic lasting for a long period of time or marked by frequent recurrence, as of certain diseases5. diagram a plan, sketch, drawing, or outline designed to explain how something works6. pedestrian a person who is walking esp. in an area where vehicles go7. calligraphy the art of fine handwritingl handwriting8. recycle to use againSynonyms1. show2. contradict3. exact4. refuse5. withdrawClozetypes difference focuses struggle decidesinvolves society human reformation Opposingprevail symbolizes。

⼤学英语泛读教程2（第三版）ReadingMaster2_FinalExamAA. VocabularyDirections: Choose the correct phrasal verb to compete the sentences. Each is used only one time.1. I like a good ghost story, but I am ______ by too much blood and gore in horror movies these days.2. We used to have a problem with mice around here so we got a cat to ______ them ______.3. My lost wallet ______ at a police station since someone had found it on a bus and returned it.4. One way to ______ your resume is to include some volunteer experience related to the job you are applying for.5. A good salesperson ______ the relationships he or she has with existing clients.6. Over spending and using credit cards too much will only ______ to financial disaster in the long run.7. Alice ______ the guitar when she was only five and now performs with her band.Directions: Choose a word from the box to complete the sentences below. Each is used only one time.8. Dean had a quiet ______ about him that made him good at helping people with their problems.9. Most Olympic athletes have the ambition of ______ and winning a gold medal.10. The tiny mouse ______ its head through the hole before racing across the kitchen floor.11. As part of my daily routine to keep fit, I do a variety of ______ exercises in the morning.12. It is ______ how these lottery winners all seem to waste their money within a few years of receiving it.13. English is the ______ accepted language of communication for airline pilots.14. My new job has a lot of ______ because I mostly do the work out of my office at home.15. In ______ for the protesters throwing rocks, the police sprayed water cannons to make them disperse.B. Grammar16. The new smartphone was ______ perfectly designed that it became difficult to obtain one.a. sob. suchc. tood. enough17. After studying for so many hours, Kiki thought she’d had ______ for one day.a. sob. suchc. tood. enough18. Everyone ______ to applaud the actors as they lined up on stage.a. stand upb. standing upc. stood upd. stands up19. I felt ______ chill when I saw the ghost of my uncle in the mirror.a. a littleb. fairlyc. slightlyd. rather20. It was ______ interesting performance given by the students.a. quiteb. reasonablec. absolutelyd. a rather21. Once Stanley has ______ high school, he must ______ the army.a. completed / joinb. completes / joinc. completed / joinsd. completing / join22. By the time you ______ this post card, I ______ already left France.a. read / haveb. read / will havec. reads / will haved. reading / will23. You ______ the table, while we ______ the dishes.a. wipes / didb. wiped / doesc. wipe / dod. wiping / did24. ______ that danger was near, Spider-man leaped out of the way of the falling bridge.a. Senseb. Sensesc. Sensedd. Sensing25. ______ tried so many different jobs over many years, Gary decided to open his own business.a. Haveb. Hasc. Havingd. Had26. A trained police dog is given a final test to see if it can ______ drugs from a hidden location.a. sniffs outb. sniffed outc. sniff outd. sniffing out27. Every year on February 1st, groundhog Willy comes out of his hole ______ whether spring willcome early or not.a. signifyb. signifiesc. signifiedd. to signify28. When I went to London last summer, there were ______ of Japanese tourist taking pictures ofeverything.a. hordingb. hordec. hordesd. horded Directions: Change the sentences to their reduced relative clauses by crossing out the unnecessary words.29. The famous inventor created a device which was made of mostly plastic and glass.30. The number of students who have been late for Mr. White’s class is disappointing.C. Reading Comprehension(A)Directions: Read the excerpt from Escaping the Labyrinth in Unit 7 of the textbook and answer the questions that follow.31. According to the passage, how long have mazes existed?a. as long as rats have existedb. as long as people have existedc. since experiments took place at Clark Universityd. No information is given.32. Which best explains why the writer uses the heading Homeward Bound?a. The Greeks imagined they would go home.b. Rats tend to find their way home.c. Small and Kline wanted to go home.d. There are rats in Hampton Court.33. What did Kline observe at his father’s farm?a. rats playing on the porchb. rats digging through the cabinc. rats running through pathwaysd. rats communicating with each other34. Which statement is true about rats?a. Blind ones can find their way around easily.b. Blind ones cannot survive for long.c. They can only find one path to go home.d. They get lost in complicated mazes.35. Which of the following closest in meaning to the word replica?a. mazeb. experimentc. findingd. copy(B)Directions: Read the excerpt from Ultramarathon Man in Review 3 of the textbook and answer the questions that follow.36. Which best describes Kevin Lin’s occupation?a. barefoot marathonerb. street athletec. desert runnerd. All of the above.37. According to the passage, what is unique about the Deserts Series?a. It takes place over several weeks.b. Participants are not allowed provisions.c. It has excellent views.d. The series is hundreds of kilometers long.38. What is especially tough to do in the Chilean desert?a. breatheb. stay warmc. find shelterd. avoid wild animals39. Why do participants experience headaches during the Deserts Series?a. lack of waterb. lack of oxygenc. lack of enduranced. None of the above.40. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word grueling?a. harshb. selectc. splittingd. stunning(C)Directions: Read the excerpt from Underrated Cities in Unit 11 of the textbook and answer the questions that follow.41. Which of the following statements is true about Bratislava today?a. It is very much behind most modern cities.b. It is not as beautiful as Prague.c. It is still developing and needs lots of investment.d. It is equal to many modern cities but less well-known.42. According to the passage, in what condition was Bratislava in 1993?a. poorb. modernc. destroyedd. None of the above.43. What does the writer mean in the underlined phrase off the radar?a. no airportb. unknownc. easy accessd. unfriendly44. According to the passage, what are you most likely to see in Adelaide?a. places of worshipb. an old townc. fancy barsd. a green riverside45. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word buzzing?a. greenb. pristinec. busyd. coastal(D)Directions: Read the excerpt from Colonial Fusions in Unit 12 of the textbook and answer the questions that follow.46. What is colonial fusion?a. a mix of local and foreign designsb. a mix of only local influencesc. a mix of Singaporean and Malaysian culturesd. a mix of imperialism and independence47. What can be inferred about former colonies’ attitudes towards leftover buildings?a. They promoted the sale of them.b. They wanted to rebuild them.c. They initially did not want to keep them.d. None of the above.48. According to the passage, which country had the most influence on local architecture?a. Malaysiab. Englandc. Singapored. China49. What does the writer mean in the underlined phrase not that keen?a. promotedb. appreciatedc. uninterestedd. extended50. Which of the following is closest in meaning to presided?a. capped b controlledc. fused d influenced。

Unit 3 Computers Period 2 Reading课后阅读训练Ⅰ.阅读理解AThe Internet has both advantages and disadvantages.CommunicationNow we can communicate with a person who is sitting in another partof the world almost for free. There are plenty of online messenger servicesthat offer this service. With the help of such service, it has become veryeasy to establish a kind of global friendship where you can share yourthoughts and explore other cultures.InformationAccess to information is one of the biggest advantages of the Internet. Almost any kind of information on any topic under the sun can be found on the Internet. Search engines like Google or Yahoo are at your service on the Internet. You can find almost any type of data on almost any kind of subject.EntertainmentEntertainment is another popular reason why many people like to surf the Internet. There are numerous games that may be downloaded from the Internet for free. Chat rooms are popular because users can meet new and interesting people. When people surf the Web, they can find numerous things. Music, hobbies, news and more can be found and shared on the Internet.ServiceMuch service is now provided on the Internet such as online banking, job seeking, purchasing tickets for your favorite movies, and hotel reservations.But there are also disadvantages. If you use the Internet, your personal information such as name, address, credit card number, etc. might be accessed by other people. Virus(病毒)threat is another problem. Virus attacks can end up crashing your whole hard disk, causing you much headache. Pornography is perhaps the biggest threat related to children's healthy mental life. There are thousands of pornographic sites on the Internet that can be easily found.On the whole, the Internet's advantages overweight its disadvantages.【语篇概述】本文向我们介绍了互联网的一些优点和缺点。

新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第二册考前阅读辅导题加答案1. 阅读题1阅读下面这篇短文，然后根据短文内容回答后面的问题。

标题：The Benefits of Reading BooksReading books is a great habit that provides numerous benefits. Whether you are reading fiction, non-fiction, or self-help books, reading can enhance your knowledge, creativity, and empathy. Here are some of the benefits of reading books:1.Knowledge Enhancement: Reading books exposesyou to different topics and subjects. By reading variouskinds of books, you can acquire knowledge in diverse fields such as history, science, literature, and more. This broadens your perspective and helps you develop a well-roundedunderstanding of the world.2.Improves Vocabulary and Language Skills:Reading books helps improve vocabulary and languageskills. When you read, you come across new words andphrases that can expand your vocabulary. Additionally,reading helps develop your comprehension skills, sentence structure, and grammar.3.Boosts Creativity: Reading stimulates the brain andenhances creativity. It exposes you to different writingstyles, unique characters, and varied storylines, which caninspire you to think creatively and innovatively. Readingfictional stories, in particular, allows you to dive intoimaginative worlds and encourages active imagination.4.Enhances Empathy: Reading books, especiallynarratives, allows you to explore diverse characters andtheir experiences. This exposure to different perspectives and emotions helps develop empathy and understandingtowards others. By reading about different cultures,lifestyles, and challenges, you can broaden your worldview and become more compassionate.5.Reduces Stress: Reading is a great way to relax andunwind. Getting absorbed in a book can distract your mind from daily stressors and provide an escape. It can betherapeutic and help reduce anxiety. Studies have shownthat reading for just a few minutes can lower heart rate and reduce stress levels.Overall, reading books is a valuable habit. It provides a range of benefits, from expanding knowledge to boosting creativity and enhancing empathy. So, pick up a book today and enjoy the multitude of advantages that reading has to offer!问题：1.Why is reading books important?2.How does reading enhance vocabulary and languageskills?3.What is one of the benefits of reading fiction?4.How does reading develop empathy?5.What is the effect of reading on reducing stress?答案：1.Reading books is important because it provides numerous benefits such as enhancing knowledge, improving vocabulary and language skills, boosting creativity, enhancing empathy, and reducing stress.2.Reading books improves vocabulary and language skills by exposing readers to new words and phrases. It also helps in developing comprehension skills, sentence structure, and grammar.3.One of the benefits of reading fiction is that it stimulates creativity and imagination. It exposes readers to unique characters, storylines, and writing styles that can inspire creative thinking.4.Reading develops empathy by allowing readers to explore diverse characters and their experiences. By reading about different cultures, lifestyles, and challenges, readers can gain a better understanding and empathy towards others.5.Reading has a relaxing effect on the mind and body, which helps reduce stress. Getting absorbed in a book distracts the mind from daily stressors and provides an escape. Studies have shown that reading for just a few minutes can lower heart rate and reduce stress levels.2. 阅读题2阅读下面这篇短文，然后根据短文内容回答后面的问题。