2011年高考英语写作指导(8):主题句训练1
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2011年高考英语写作高分秘诀2011年高考英语写作高分秘诀1.句式要有变化:①复合句、并列句②倒装句〔1〕虚拟语气中if省略〔2〕only+状语置于句首〔3〕否定词置于句首〔4〕地点副词置于句首③强调句型It is ……that (who)…④非谓语动词。
⑤虚拟语气⑥固定句型结构1.too…to…2.so…that….3.such a…that…4.notonly…but..also… 6.neith er…nor…7.such as…8.not …until…9.so that…10.either…or…⑦直接引语与间接引语:多种时态,动名词、不定式,并列结构2.要使用高等级词汇及短语①使用高等级词汇②使用短语③使用谚语④使用表强调的词,如alone, just, single, only, not…at all; on theearth; the very; on earth等⑤使用修辞手法:明喻,暗喻,夸X,头韵,拟人等as busy as a bee; as proud as a peacock; as blind as a bat; as cool as a cucumber3. 使用连接词,过渡自然,连贯通顺,一气呵成1〕用于按空间展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有:above before me here on theleft across below in the distance on the rightbeyond nearby opposite to over also further nextto on top ofup down close to beneath under around nearto along2) 用于按时间顺序展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有soon, then, suddenly, at the same time, next, early, this morning /year, now, after, at present, later, afterwards finally, at last, all of a sudden , at noon , in the morning/afternoon/evening3) 用于按分析法展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有first, second, etc. now for this purpose; but as aresult furthermore;finally at last moreoveralso therefore likewise;another for example next; yet for instance on the contraryonce in addition in summary;such in this case on the other handthen otherwise in conclusion thus4) 用于按比较法展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有another moreover in addition (to)equally important too, also at the same timebesides then in the same way in fact like, similarly5) 用于按对比法展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有on the contrary different from on the other hand in contrast to despitein spite of, yet, but ,whereas, unlike nevertheless not only…butalso here…there years)one ago…today the former…the latterthen…now some…others one…the other once…nowon (the one hand…on the other hand(一方面…另一方面)6)逻辑关系递进: then(然后), besides(还有), furthermore(而且), moreover(此外)转折: however(然而), but(但是), on the country(相反), after all(毕竟)总结: finally(最后), at last(最后), in brief(总之),in conclusion(最后)。
2011高考英语作文分解写句Part1(sl)Life can be hard.(sl)As for cells and the Web, they are more neccssaryto me.(sl)I'm interested in English and hope to be an interpreter in the future. (sl)Naturally lt’s very important for me to learn English well .(sl)The topi c of my speech today is “Thoughts on becoming a grown-up”. (sl)The main aim is to make every public rooms have no smoke by posting the sign of preventing smoking.(sl)1t’s a great pleasure for me to be today and share my experience of learning English with you.sl2) It’s my great honor to be here to say something about the global water shortage and ways of dealing with it.sl2)Firstly, an effective way, I think, is to reserve water in a scientific way for future use.(sl2)Last but not least, it’s everyone’s responsibility to make good use of water, such as recycling and saving water in our daily life.(sl2)Therefore, it’s high time we did something about it.(sl2)As we know, the global water shortage is becoming increasingly sever mainly due to global warming, environmental pollution and the ever-increasing population.Sl2)It seems that many people cannot enjoy themselves without them.sl2)In conclusion, people around the world should be aware of the real situation of water shortage, protect the present water resources and explore potential ones scientifically.(sl2)As everybody knows,vocabulary is an important part of language, just like bricksin a buildingsl2)I’m Li Hua, Chair of the Student Union of Yucai Middle School, which is close to your UniversityPart2(sv)The next morning, I went to the station to see them off.(sv) More than 100 thousand people per year die because of the second smoke.(sv)The smile shone on the whole day and the following days.(sv)A week later, I volunteered to take charge of English study in my class.(sv)After class.I often listen to English programs on TV and on the radio (sv) It will start at 2:00 pm and keep for about three hours.(sv)Besides teaching, you will also work as an advisor to our students’ English club or our school’s English newspaper.(sv) Faced with difficulties, they never give up but try their best to find a way out.sv2)We are now living in an infonnation age, in which TV, cells and the Web are widely used(sv2) In the afternoon, I went to the train station and managed to buy two tickets for my grandparents although there was a long queue.(sv2)Unlike most trees, this one bends in the middle , struggling all the way up to get more sunshine.(sv2)In the morning class the next day, the English teacher came to me while I was reading the text aloud as other students.(sv2)On the hot afternoon of last Saturday, Li Yue went downtown and walked from one store to another, looking for the costumes we would wear in the singing contest.Part3(svo) She set a good example for us.(svo)Besides, she devoted her spare time to helping others.(svo)Thirdly, we must stoop water pollution by law.(svo)Finally she found the right clothes.(svo) I need a cell to keep in touch with my friends and family. (svo)Last weekend, I helped my grandparents prepare their trip to Beidaihe.(svo)On Saturday morning, together with my grandparents, I seached theInternet for the train schedule, the weather in Beidaile, and some hotel information.(svo)After dinner, I packed into the suitcase the things my grandparents reed, such as clothes, glasses, an unbrella, and a map.(svo)Secondly, new methods need to be developed to use the existing waster resources, for example, turning sea water into fresh water. (svo)Thanks to the comforting smile in my first morning class, I began to be confident.(svo)I usually memorize twenty new words a day and put them to use whenever possible .(svo)Besides ,I've learned a lot from the Internet and other sources. (svo)Now,I'd like to make some suggestions on English teaching and learning in our school.(svo)Ten students will deliver their speeches on the given topic “Man and the Nature”.(svo)I hope to do more for my my parents and society in the future to make my life more meaningful.(svo)Our school now is looking for a native-speaker to teach some courses to senior high students.(svo)To reach the goal, I must first try my best to pass the college examination and enter a good university.(svo2b) The picture reminds me of those who secceed in unfavorable conditions.(svo2b)I still remember how nervous I was on my first day in the new school three years ago, when I found it difficult to follow my teacher in the first English class.(svo2b)Secondly.I hope our teachers can recommend more interesting books and magazines and give us more free time to read them.(svo2b) Finally,1 suggest we have more Endish activities,such as English contests and festivals.(svo2b)We hope you will accept our invitation if it is convenient for you.(svo2b)I remember you told me you were interested in teaching in China. (svo2b)As a child,I always hoped that I could grow up as soon as possible so that I could do whatever I wanted and do whatever I liked.(svo2b)Although I can enjoy more freedom, at the same time I realize that being a grown-up not only means this, but also more responsibilities. (svo2d)But if we have the courage and determination, we will finally get the sunshine we want as the tree in the pictrue does.(svo2d)My country begins to carry out the policy that prevents smoking in public buildings since January 1st,2011(svo2d) The teacher spoke English throughout the class, which wastotally different from the lessons I had taken before.(svoz)However, if I had to give up one of them, I would turn off the TV rather thna switch off my cell or cut off the lnternet.(svo2z) If you come, you can choose three of the following four courses: Speaking, Writing, Britain Today and American Today, and teaching of English learning experiences.(svo2z)While the rest of us were enjoying our leasure time in cool and comfotable rooms, she spent the whole afternoon researching and selecting.(svo2f)Deeply moved by her effort, we tried our best and won the first prize in the contest.Part4(svoo)After listening to me for a while, she gave me a big smile and said she liked my voice very much.(therebe)and there are too many commercial programs on TV are also available.(therebe2)There are 350 million people smoking recently, in which the male hold 75 percent and the female hold 25 percent.(pas)And almost all information can be gathered on the Internet. (pas)Because of these smokers, about 540 million non-smokers are influenced.(pas2)Firstly ,we should be given more opportunities to use what we’ve learned ln order to have a better grasp of it.(v2)Please call me at 446765560, if you have any questions.(v2)Please tell me know if you are interested and if you have any other questions(abos)she deserves the hnour and we should learn from her(abos)Now I’m a grown-up, but I find things do not go as I expecetd (sbos)I could do without TV because few shows my fancy,and there are too many commercial programs on TV are also available. (svo)Therefore,(sv2)In the picture, between two closely-lcated buildings grows a big tree.。
江苏省2011届高考英语书面表达辅导目录:第一部分高考英语书面表达技巧第二部分高考英语书面表达体裁内容分类模版第三部分高考英语书面表达表达方式分类模版第四部分美国学生分类习作赏析第一部分高考英语写作技巧(一)掌握技巧:(1)注意篇章结构,合理布局开始部分(opening paragraph)——说出文中的要点、核心问题。
正文部分(Body paragraphs)——围绕主题开展叙述、讨论。
结尾部分(concluding paragraphs)——对全文的总结和概括。
要做到全文中心突出、段落之间必须是有机地联系,内容完整、连贯。
前后呼应,祛除与主题无关的内容。
(2)确定主题句主题句是对全文的概括,是文章的主旨。
它能在文章中起到“画龙点睛”的作用。
通常主题句出现在一篇文章的开头,而后,全文对主题句所提出的内容进行解释,扩展。
写主题句应注意以下几点:①归纳出你要写的文章的几个要点②提炼出一句具有概括性的话③主题句应具有可读性,抓住、吸引读者。
(二)巧用连接词要想使文章有整体性、连贯性,就要学会正确使用连接词表示罗列增加First, second, third,First, then /next, after that / next, finallyFor one thing … for another…,On (the) one hand…on the otherhand,Besides / what’s more / inaddition / furthermore / moreover / another / also,Especially / In particular,表示时间顺序now, at present, recently,after,afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days,at first, in thebeginning, to begin with,later,next, finally,immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, assoon as, the moment, form now on, from then on,at the same time,meanwhile,till, not…until, before, after, when, while, as during,表示解释说明now, inaddition, for example, for instance, in this case, moreover, furthermore, infact, actually 表示转折关系but, however, while, though, or,otherwise, on the contrary, on the other hand, in contrast, despite, in spiteof, even though, except (for), instead, of course, after all,表示并列关系or, and, also, too, not only … butalso, as well as, both… and, either …or, neither…nor 表示因果关系because, because of, since, nowthat, as, thanks t o…, due to…, therefore, as a result (of), otherwise,so…that,such…that表示条件关系as (so) long as, on conditionthat, if, unless表示让步关系though, although, as, even if,even though, whether …or…, however, whoever, whatever, whichever, wherever,whenever, no matter how (who, what, which, where, when,whom)表示举例for example, for instance, such as…,take… for example表示比较be similar to, similarly, the sameas, in contrast, compared with (to)…just like, just as,表示目的for this reason,, for thispurpose, so that, in order to, so as to,表示强调in deed, in fact, surely,certainly, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously, above all, 表示概括归纳in a word, in short, in brief, onthe whole, generally speaking, in my opinion, as far as I know, As we all know,as has been stated, as I have shown, finally, at last, in summary, in conclusion (三)掌握常用句型:1. in order to为了实现他的梦想,他学习非常努力。
英语写作技巧1.句式要有变化①复合句(主语\宾语\表语\同谓语\定语\状语从句)②倒装句(1 )否定词置于句首(2)only+状语置于句首(3)虚拟语气中if省略③强调句型It is ……that (who)…④固定句子结构too…to… so…that…not …until…not only…but also… neither…nor…e.g.The girl began to learn to play the piano when she was a child. Her mother was a famous pianist.The girl whose mother was a famous pianist began to learn to play the piano when she was a child. You can see panda only in China.Only in China can you see panda./It is only in China that you can see panda.Tom likes apple, and Jack likes it too.Not only Tom but also Jack likes the apple.2.要使用高级词汇及短语①使用高等级词汇He is a good student. excellent\extraordinary②使用短语I like music. be fond of\be interested in③使用谚语As the saying goes,“”It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. (适用于自编名言)3.使用连接词,过渡自然,连贯通顺并列and; as well as ; also; too选择or; either—or;原因because (of) ;owing to; due to ; thanks to结果so ; therefore ; thus ; as a result比较on the contrary ; by contrast\ comparison;compared to …,转折but ; yet; however ; nevertheless,递进besides ; moreover ; in addition furthermore举例for example/instance; such as ; that is ;namely;take …for example特殊句式⒈排比(排山倒海句)如果想要让你的文章更加精彩的话,那么用一个个的排比句,一个个的对偶句,一个个的不定式,一个个的短语,如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势!Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, complicated or simple, ordinary or different ,there is plenty in London for you.We have got to study hard, to enlarge our knowledge, to develop our potentials and to realize our dreams.⒉感叹句How useful the computer is!What a convenient thing the car is.How wonderful it is to have computer do the heavy work for man!What an advantageous thing it is to study abroad!⒊疑问句Which way is the best to get to know the society, through listening to the radio, watching TV, reading the newspapers, or taking part in social activities?Have you ever taken a part-time job? Do you think it is a good practice for college students to do temporary jobs in their free time?⒋反问句Now that we have realized the importance of practice, why not put it into practice?Don’t you think that it is high time that everybody joined in the effort to protect our environment and save the earth?4 检查1.单词拼写2.时态\语态3.句子的衔接,过渡4.主谓一致5.动词的过去式, 过去分词6.句子是否完整组织文章①确定文章的文体,确定你的作文开头.②快速阅读,找出文章的中心句,一般在文章开头、中间、或结尾的部分。
专题突破Unit 1强调句型[典例展示]1. It is the ability to do the job________matters not where you come from or what you are. 〔2000全国卷〕A. oneB. thatC. whatD. it2. David said that it was because of his strong interest in literature _______ he chose the course.〔2006某某春季〕A. thatB. whatC. whyD. how3. It is these poisonous products _______ can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles. 〔2003某某卷〕A .who B. that C .howD .what4. Why! I have nothing to confess. _______ you want me to say? 〔2004某某卷〕A. What is it thatB. What it is thatC. How is it thatD. How it is that5. It was with great joy _______ he received the news that his lost daughter had been found. 〔2004 福建卷)A becauseB whichC sinceD that6. An awful accident _______, however, occur the other day. (2000某某卷)A. doesB. didC. has toD. had to7. It was not until she got home _______ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.〔2006全国II卷〕A. whenB. thatC. whereD. before8. It was_______ black home after the experiment. (2004湖北卷)A. not until midnight did he goB.until midnight that he didn’t goC.not until midnight that he wentD.until midnight when he didn’t go9. —________that he managed to get the information?—Oh, a friend of his helped him. 〔2005山东卷〕A. Where was itB. What was itC. How was itD. Why was it10.1) It was 20 years ago ________ the two friends met in Viet Nam.2) It will be 20 years ________ they meet in Viet Nam.3) It is 20 years ________ he came to live here.4) It was 20 years ________ he spent in writing this novel.5) It was not long ________ the people in Austria took up guns.6) It was midnight _______ he came back home.A. whenB. beforeC. sinceD. that [探究策略]强调句型的根本结构是:It is/was + 被强调局部(主语、宾语、宾语补足语或状语等) + that/who +句子的其余局部。
2011年高考英语万能句1.开头万能公式一:名人名言有人问了,“我没有记住名言,怎么办?尤其是英语(论坛)名言?”,很好办:编!原理:我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的,包括我们欣赏的文章也是,所以尽管编,但是一定要听起来很有道理呦!而且没准将来我们就是名人呢!对吧?经典句型:aproberb say s,“you are only young once.”(适用于已记住的名言)it goes without saying that we cannot be young forever.(适用于自编名言)更多经典句型:as everyone knows, no one can deny that…2.开头万能公式二:数字统计原理:要想更有说服力,就应该用实际的数字来说明。
原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的,可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一,但编无妨,只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。
所以不妨试用下面的句型:according to arecent survey,about78.9 the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.看起来这个数字文邹邹的,其实都是编造出来的,下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造:honesty根据最近的一项统计调查显示,大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。
Travel by bike根据最近的一项统计调查显示,85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。
youth根据最近的一项统计调查显示,在某个大学,学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。
five-day workweek better than six-daywork?根据最近的一项统计调查显示,98%的人同意每周五天工作日。
更多句型:arecent statistics shows that…1.结尾万能公式一:如此结论说完了,毕竟要归纳一番,相信各位都有这样的经历,领导长篇大论,到最后终于冒出个"总而言之"之类的话,我们马上停止开小差,等待领导说结束语。
(一)段首句1. 关于……人们有不同的观点。
一些人认为……There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____.2. 俗话说(常言道)……,它是我们前辈的经历,但是,即使在今天,它在许多场合仍然适用。
There is an old saying______. It"s the experience of our forefathers,however,it is correct in many cases even today.3. 现在,……,它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。
首先,……;其次,……。
更为糟糕的是……。
Today, __, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, __ Second,___ What makes things worse is that___4. 现在,……很普遍,许多人喜欢……,因为……,另外(而且)……。
Nowadays,it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides,______.5. 任何事物都是有两面性,……也不例外。
它既有有利的一面,也有不利的一面。
Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception,it has both advantages and disadvantages.6. 关于……人们的观点各不相同,一些人认为(说)……,在他们看来,……People’s op inions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____.7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题……,这个问题变得越来越严重。
书面表达汇编(8)(山东省莱州市第一中学2011届高三第二次质量检测试题)第二节:写作(满分30分)假如你是李明,最近你的朋友张华因考试不利情绪低落,学习消极应付。
请你用英语给他写一封e-mail劝慰他,鼓励他努力学习,并结合自身实际,提出应采取的积极态度和应对方法。
词数120-150Dear Zhang Hua,I’m sorry to hear thatYours ever,Li Ming 第二节写作(满分30分)书面表达评分标准:一、评分原则:1.本题总分30分,按五个档次给分。
2.评分时,先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次,然后以该档次的要求衡量,确定和调整档次,最后给分。
3.词数少于120和多于150的,从总分中减去2分。
4.评分时,应注意的主要内容为:所写内容、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性、上下文的连贯性及语言的得体性。
5.拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面,评分时,应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。
英、美拼写及词汇均可接受。
6.根据书写质量,将文章分为好、差、较差三个档次,从应得分中减去0~2分。
二、各档次给分范围及要求:第五档(很好):(25—30分)很好地完成了试题规定的任务。
—对题中所提供的信息进行了恰当的描述,清楚地表达了自己的观点并进行了充分合理的论证。
—语法结构和词汇的选用恰当、丰富。
—语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误,但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致;具备较强的语言运用能力。
—有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑。
第四档(好):(19—24分)较好地完成了试题规定的任务。
—对题中所提供的信息进行了描述,表达了自己的观点并进行了论证。
—应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。
—语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确,些许错误主要是因为因尝试较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致。
—使用简单的语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑。
第三档(适当):(13—18分)基本完成了试题规定的任务。
江苏省兴化中学2011届高考英语书面表达辅导兴化中学高三英语组张宏祥编制目录:第一部分高考英语书面表达技巧第二部分高考英语书面表达体裁内容分类模版第三部分高考英语书面表达表达方式分类模版第四部分美国学生分类习作赏析第一部分高考英语写作技巧(一)掌握技巧:(1)注意篇章结构,合理布局开始部分(opening paragraph)——说出文中的要点、核心问题。
正文部分(Body paragraphs)——围绕主题开展叙述、讨论。
结尾部分(concluding paragraphs)——对全文的总结和概括。
要做到全文中心突出、段落之间必须是有机地联系,内容完整、连贯。
前后呼应,祛除与主题无关的内容。
(2)确定主题句主题句是对全文的概括,是文章的主旨。
它能在文章中起到―画龙点睛‖的作用。
通常主题句出现在一篇文章的开头,而后,全文对主题句所提出的内容进行解释,扩展。
写主题句应注意以下几点:①归纳出你要写的文章的几个要点②提炼出一句具有概括性的话③主题句应具有可读性,抓住、吸引读者。
(二)巧用连接词要想使文章有整体性、连贯性,就要学会正确使用连接词表示罗列增加First, second, third,First, then /next, after that / next, finallyFor one thing … for another…,On (the) one hand…on the otherhand,Besides / what‘s more / inaddition / furthermore / moreover / another / also,Especially / In particular,表示时间顺序now, at present, recently,after,afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days,at first, in thebeginning, to begin with,later,next, finally,immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, assoon as, the m oment, form now on, from then on,at the same time,meanwhile,till, not…until, before, after, when, while, as during,表示解释说明now, inaddition, for example, for instance, in this case, moreover, furthermore, infact, actually 表示转折关系but, however, while, though, or,otherwise, on the contrary, on the other hand, in contrast, despite, in spiteof, even though, except (for), instead, of course, after all,表示并列关系or, and, also, too, not only … butalso, as well as, both… and, either …or, neither…nor 表示因果关系beca use, because of, since, nowthat, as, thanks to…, due to…, therefore, as a result (of), otherwise, so…that,such…that表示条件关系as (so) long as, on conditionthat, if, unless表示让步关系though, although, as, even if,even though, whether …or…, however, whoever, w hatever, whichever, wherever,whenever, no matter how (who, what, which, where, when,whom)表示举例for example, for instance, such as…,take… for example表示比较be similar to, similarly, the sameas, in contrast, compared with (to)…just like, just as,表示目的for this reason,, for thispurpose, so that, in order to, so as to,表示强调in deed, in fact, surely,certainly, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously, above all, 表示概括归纳in a word, in short, in brief, onthe whole, generally speaking, in my opinion, as far as I know, As we all know,as has been stated, as I have shown, finally, at last, in summary, in conclusion (三)掌握常用句型:1. in order to为了实现他的梦想,他学习非常努力。
战2011年高考英语作文一、写在阅卷之后上年的高考英语作文题,“假设你是新华中学的学生李华,你和在上海的英国朋友Tom约好下周末去北京旅游,但你因故不能赴约。
请根据以下要点用英语给他写一封电子邮件:1. 表示歉意; 2. 解释原因; 3. 另约时间。
注意:1. 词数120-150; 2. 可适当增加细节。
对于阅卷中的高分作文个人的印象是:1. 整体没有错误,尤其是体现句子层次方面,主谓宾齐全,句式多样,使用了一些高级词汇、句型,体现出了高超的语言驾驭能力。
2. 上下文的衔接,起承转合恰到好处,文章读起来朗朗上口,非常流畅。
3. 文章的内容有新意。
在解释原因的时候,有的同学的理由不合逻辑、难以自圆其说,有的同学不是写父母生病,就是写爷爷奶奶生病,还有就是要参加考试,这些都没有新意,而写到世博会当志愿者,去参加各类比赛,就能给阅卷者一种耳目一新的感觉,容易脱颖而出。
4. 书写规范,相对于一个小时阅200-300 份试卷的阅卷老师来讲,漂亮规范的书写是一种享受,无疑是考生多得分的砝码。
二、考卷中出现的问题1. 审题错误,要点把握不到位这篇作文一共有三个要点,道歉、原因、另约时间,而有不少同学没有抓住要点,主要表现有以下几种:A. 写成了建议书。
这类同学看到要去北京旅游,给Tom 写了一连串的旅游前的准备工作和注意事项。
B. 写成了介绍信。
这类同学看到要去北京旅游,给Tom 写了许多北京的旅游景点,介绍北京好吃的好玩的。
C. 写成了咨询信。
看到Tom 在上海上学,咨询他在上海生活得怎么样,家人情况怎样。
D. 避重就轻型。
这类作文和以上三种不同是因为他们都或多或少地提及到了每个要点,但涉及的内容都很少,多数是一句带过,有骨架而没有内容或者是在充实内容的时候有失偏颇,即有一定程度的跑题。
典型的案例有以下几种:比如在说明原因时,说到自己是爷爷奶奶带大的,现在爷爷奶奶生病了要照顾爷爷奶奶,然后就谈到了小时候和爷爷奶奶在一起的日子,至于另约时间和道歉只是一笔带过;在道歉时,把下周末去旅游看成了上周末去旅游,然后解释上周末做了什么事情;在另约时间的时候,写成了让Tom 一个人去旅游;有的同学还耍点小聪明,开头道歉,结尾另约时间,中间却把自己以前背诵过的作文写到上面。
高考英语书面表达考前指导写作技能是语言学习最重要的技能之一。
近几年来的高考书面表达题严格遵循考试说明,命题的难度基本保持一致,要求考生根据提示(图表或文字)写出100词左右的短文,要求有效地运用所学语言知识(词汇、句型、语法等),清楚、连贯地传递信息,表达意思。
写作体裁与命题形式(一) 写作体裁书面表达的写作体裁涉及记叙文、应用文、说明文和议论文四种。
1.记叙文记叙文是以写人物的经历或事物发展变化过程为主要内容的一种文体。
简言之,就是记人叙事的文章。
记叙文以记叙和描写为主要表达方式,一般具有时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(who)、事件(what)、原因(why)和结果(how)几个要素。
记事时要描写事情发生与发展的过程。
写人时要注意介绍人物的身世、经历和事迹等。
记叙文的篇章结构由三个部分组成:(1)开头(beginning):交代必要的背景,如时间、地点、人物等;(2)主体(body) :交代故事情节,如事件的发生、发展和前因后果;(3)结尾(ending):交代事情的结果,有时也可谈点与所记叙的内容有关的感想或愿望等。
记叙文以一般过去时为主,各种其他时态为辅;多用动词,特别是动态强的行为动词。
2.说明文说明文是用说明的表达方式来解说事物,阐明事理。
常见的说明文有:解说词、说明书、书刊简介、内容提要、科普小品、生产工艺介绍、景点介绍、城镇介绍等。
写说明文一般也采用三段式:第一段主要介绍要说明的对象及说明的目的;第二段说明事物的主要特征或做事情的方法步骤;第三段进行总结概括。
常见说明方法有定义、注释、举例、分类、比较、引用、比喻、描述、数字分析等。
高考作文中,说明文的出题形式多为文字提示或图表、图示。
3.议论文议论文通过议论或说理来表达作者的见解和主张。
议论文第一部分为引言(introduction),在引言段中作者简单解释要讨论的问题,并提出自己的观点;第二部分为主体段(main body),作者围绕观点展开论证。
2011年高考英语写作指导(1):造句的两大技巧【芝麻开门】句子是文章的基本单位。
成功的作品是由清晰而合乎语法规则的句子组成的。
然而一个好的句子除了能够准确表达作者的意思,还需要简洁生动,这是在考试中获得高分的法宝。
一、句子要简洁A hero is nothing but a product of his time.时势造英雄。
写作要求精练,因为,简洁的表达能起到更加强调的作用。
我们要写出效果好、影响大的文章,就要想方设法1)避免使用空洞、多余的短语;2)避免过多地使用较长的句子结构,如并列句和从属句等;3)避免不必要的重复。
请看下面各例:1)Owing to the fact that I had a lot of work to do, it wasn’t possible for me to accept their invitation.本句要表达的意思很简单,可是一堆空洞的短语使句子显得很累赘,改为下面的句子就简洁明了多了。
I was too busy to accept their invitation.2) He is a man who is honest, who always pays his just debts, and who observes the golden rules in his dealings with others.英语中比较重要的从属概念可用从句的形式表达,其它次要的概念常用词或短语来表达,因为句子比短语显得更重要。
过多地使用从句会把次要的与主要的概念混为一谈,削弱句子的重点。
该句可改为:He is an honest man who always pays his just debts, and who observes the golden rules in his dealings with others.3) My hometown is a quiet, peaceful place. It is quiet and peaceful because of the small number of people living there.有时为了构成平行的句子结构或达到强调的目的,我们会重复使用某些词语。
2011年高考英语写作指导(8):主题句训练要想概括段落的中心思想,反映作者的写作意图,我们必须借助一个概括性的句子,即主题句,它是段落的核心所在。
所以,写好一个段落的前提便是写好主题句。
【活动教室】Passage 1.请根据段落其它信息推断总结出适当的主题句。
Clothes do not make the man.人不在衣装。
1). From the chief executive to the office cleaner, everyone must accept this as the first priority over everything else in the company. In other words, everyone in the company must be sales oriented. The telephone operator the accounts clerk the storekeeper and everyone else must know how to handle enquires and customers politely, correctly. If the appropriate person is not around, the other staff should take orders if necessary, and even encourage order. The deliveryman must be willing to serve and please customers, and when called upon, he must be able to push and to show new products, accessories, etc. to get more sales for his company. Whether you are seeing hoses, hotel rooms, building contracts or exhibition services, you must ensure that you and your organization get enough sales, customers, clients, contracts or business to ensure a good regular inflow of income for your company. Everybody in the organization must understand that sales are the oxygen in the air that the organizational body breathes. Without sales the body dies quickly; with insufficient sales it dies slowly.2). In other words, get the customer to reserve, to place orders in ad vance, and to sign a contract, to pay a deposit, or better still, to pay you in full before you acquire and deliver the product. Many hotels accept reservations for their rooms even before co nstruction of the hotels is completed. Remember, you don’t have to buy before you sell. The biggest deals are made “no order”. Sold before you have them.3)when you are really in an out of stock position, your sales people have to learn instead to feel apologetic for being unable to convince the customer to wait. Mercedes and even Honda cars, or a long time, were sold on a waiting list. Even restaurants make sales on order. Similarly, furniture, shirts and big manufacturing orders are some of the many examples where things are sold before they are made. Customers will wait for anything if they want it badly enough.To be both a speaker of words and a doer of deeds.既当演说家,又做实干家。
答案与解析:1.答案:The whole organization— all the members of the staff must acknowledge and understand this: selling isthe most important activity of the organization.解析:该段主要介绍从事商业的人员都应了解销售的重要性。
在行文之中作者反复重申从事销售的人员,不论是主管还是店员,都应以销售为最主要的工作内容。
判断主题句具体内容的主要方法就是通过本段分述部分的理解和归纳得出结论。
我们可以从第一段主题句后看到“In other words”,这表明紧接着这句后面的内容既是我们应找的答案。
因此可知本文第一段的主题句内容为:在整个销售领域中所有工作人员都必须了解销售的至关重要性。
2.答案:Sell before you buy, whenever possible.解析:同第一段很相似,这一段在主题句之后紧接着就出现了一个解释性词组“In other words”“也就是说”。
这对于我们归纳中心非常有帮助。
本段所有细节都是在强调从业人员要想尽办法首先实现销售这一理念,作者还一再强调在进货之前就将销售订单签好是最成功的做法。
基于此,我们将这段的中心内容确立为:只要有可能,你应提前卖出未进的货物。
3.答案:Train your sales people never to use the excuse, never to feel justified in saying “no stock can’t sell”.解析:本段列举了诸多经营有道的商家在无货的情况下照常进行销售活动的事例。
这里依然在强调无论遇到什么困难,如没有货物可售,商家还是要坚持实现销售为先的原则,不能将没货或无法销售作为拒绝顾客的托词,这也是本段的中心意思。
Passage 2.请根据段落其它信息推断总结出适当的主题句。
Factors That Influence Teen Violence1). Teens face many situations that cause these problems. Several factors are mass media, society’s view on the “perfect” person. 2). One mig ht see a violent movie and decide to reenact the scenes thus causing harm to one’s self or to others. Hidden meanings of racism and hate are put into music. Teens hear the words of their supposed role models and think it is OK to follow in their foot steps. When reading of such violent acts as the Oklahoma City bombing or the murders of N icole Brown Simpson and Ron Goldman, it is taken to most that anyone can get away with crime. 3). To be considered “in”, you must fit the role of the “perfect person”. As young adults, teens are trying to find themselves. They look toward celebrities and leaders for a goal. They try to buy the right clothes, wear the nicest shoes, and be present at all the social events. To fit in, some are pushed to the edge. If you are caught in a dark alley at the wrong time, you might be killed just for your name brand shoes. Competition among fellow teens leads to jealousy and jealousy leads to violent acts.4). Learning not to believe everything they see and hear will help to come to reality with this ever changing world. Self esteem and confidence in one’s self are very attractive qualities to possess. Violence will lessen as teens become more alert and smarter.Variety is the spice of life.变化是生活的调味品。