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一、引言英语雅思写作中，连接词和过渡词在构建文章逻辑结构上扮演着重要的角色。
它们不仅可以帮助文章更加流畅地展现，还可以加强段落与段落之间、句子与句子之间的联系，使整篇文章更加具有连贯性和逻辑性。
熟练掌握连接词和过渡词的运用对于提高雅思写作的表达质量至关重要。
二、连接词的作用和分类连接词是用来连接两个独立的句子或者段落，使它们之间的关系更加密切。
连接词的使用不仅可以表达因果关系、对比关系、条件关系等，还可以呈现递进关系、举例关系、总结关系等。
根据其不同的功能和表达方式，连接词可以分为表示并列的连接词、表示因果的连接词、表示转折的连接词、表示对比的连接词等等。
在写作时，我们可以根据具体的情况灵活运用这些连接词，以使文章逻辑清晰、层次分明。
在表达因果关系时可以使用"because"、"as a result"等连接词，而在表达转折关系时可以运用"however"、"on the contrary"等连接词。
三、过渡词的作用和分类过渡词一般用于句子与句子之间的过渡，可以在文章中引导读者进入下一个话题或者段落。
过渡词的使用可以使文章的结构更加清晰、层次的跃然纸上。
在雅思写作中，熟练地运用过渡词可以使文章的起承转合更加流畅、自然。
根据其功能和作用不同，过渡词可以分为表示时间序列的过渡词、表示空间位置的过渡词、表示因果关系的过渡词等。
在描写事件发生顺序时可以使用"firstly"、"next"、"finally"等过渡词；在表示因果关系时可以运用"thus"、"therefore"等过渡词。
四、个人观点和理解连接词和过渡词在英语雅思写作中功不可没。
通过合理的使用，可以让文章更具逻辑性和连贯性，增强文采和表现力。
然而，若过度依赖连接词和过渡词，可能使得语言显得生硬和呆板。
雅思小作文饼图常用词汇、万能句型、范文整理一、饼图常用词汇1.占比词汇-account for：占据-constitute：构成-make up：组成-represent：代表-comprise：包括-occupy：占有-consist of：由……组成2.描述数据词汇-significant：显著的-considerable：相当大的-minor：较小的-negligible：可以忽略的-substantial：大量的-slight：轻微的-moderate：适度的3.比较词汇-similar：相似的-different：不同的-compare with：与……相比1-in contrast to：与……形成对比-while：然而-whereas：然而-on the other hand：另一方面4.其他常用词汇-proportion：比例-segment：部分-percentage：百分比-distribution：分布-category：类别-sector：扇形二、饼图万能句型1.开头句型-The pie chart illustrates the proportion of categories in a specific field.-The pie chart provides information about the distribution of various segments.-The pie chart depicts the percentage of different categories in a given context.2.数据描述句型-Category A accounts for a significant proportion of the total, reaching XX%.-XX%of the total is occupied by CategoryB.emiring it the largest segment.2-Category C constitutes a considerable part, comprising XX%of the pie chart.-The proportion of Category D is relatively minor, only accounting for XX%.3.比较句型-In comparison with Category A, Category B has a higher percentage of XX%.-While Category A occupies XX%,Category B represents a larger proportion of XX%.-The distribution of Category C is similar to that of Category D, both comprising XX%.-In contrast to Category A, the percentage of Category B is significantly lower, at XX%.4.总结句型-Overall, the pie chart reveals a clear distribution of categories in the given field.-In summary, the majority of the pie chart is occupied by Category A, followed by Category B.-It can be concluded that Category C and Category D play minor roles in the overall distribution.三、实战演练题目：The pie chart below shows the main reasons for traffic accidents in a particular area. Summarise the3information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.答案：The pie chart illustrates the main reasons for traffic accidents in a specific area. Upon analysis, several key points can be identified.First and foremost, the largest proportion of traffic accidents is caused by driver error, accounting for 45%of the total. This is followed by poor weather conditions, which constitute 25%of the accidents. Vehicle defects and road conditions each occupy 10%of the pie chart, while the remaining 10%is attributed to other factors.In comparison, driver error is the most significant factor, nearly doubling the percentage of poor weather conditions. Meanwhile, vehicle defects and road conditions share the same proportion, both comprising a minor part of the total.Overall, the pie chart reveals that driver error is the primary cause of traffic accidents in the given area, with poor weather conditions being the second most common factor. Other factors, such as vehicle defects and road conditions, play relatively minor roles in the overall distribution.4。
专题15 书面表达高频词汇基本词汇favorite (最喜欢的);taste (爱好，志趣);read novels (读小说);surf the Internet (上网); chat online (在线聊天);collect stamps (集邮);make friends (交友);climb mountains (爬山);enjoy pop music (喜欢流行音乐)亮点词汇develop an interest in (在……方面培养兴趣); be fond of (喜欢);be keen on (对……着迷); have a taste in (喜爱);hobby (业余爱好);be interested in (对……感兴趣);have a great love for (非常喜爱……)基本词汇make friends with sb.(和某人交朋友);a strong personality (个性强);personal matters (私事);friendly (友好的);a close friend (一个亲密的朋友);trust each other (互相信任);share...with sb.(与某人分享);keep in touch with sb. (与某人保持联系);stay best friends with sb. (和某人保持很好的友谊);a friend in need (患难之交)亮点词汇get to know sb.(认识某人);know sb. very well(熟知某人);precious(珍贵的);worthy(有价值的);understanding(善解人意的);be loyal to(对……忠诚);keep sb. company.(陪伴，做伴)基本词汇physical and mental condition(身体与精神状况); strong(强壮的);unhealthy/healthy(不健康的/健康的);fat(太胖的);thin(瘦的); nearsighted/short\|sighted(近视的); normal(正常的);abnormal(不正常的);energetic(精力旺盛的); eating habit(饮食习惯); eat too much junk food (吃太多的垃圾食品);stay/keep healthy/fit(保持健康);enough sleep(充足的睡眠);good living habit(良好的生活习惯);lose weight(减肥) ;nutrition(营养)亮点词汇build up one's body/improve one's health(强身健体); ease the burden(减轻负担);be/go on a diet(节食);overweight(太胖的);take regular exercise(进行有规律的运动);proper diet(合理的饮食);be good for/do good to(对……有益处)话题4 校园文明与安全问题基本词汇school rules and regulations(学校规章制度); behave well(表现良好);be neatly dressed(穿戴整洁);respect one's teachers and parents(尊敬师长);be on time(准时);keep the environment clean(保持环境干净);break the rules(违反规定);spit(吐痰);cheat in the exam(考试作弊);get in line (排队);fight with sb.(与某人打架);punish sb. for (因……处罚某人)亮点词汇observe discipline(遵守纪律);civilized(文明的);be expected to(被期望);be of no good to (对……毫无益处)话题5 环境保护基本词汇pollute(污染);cut down trees(砍伐树木);waste water(废水);throw rubbish around(乱扔垃圾);protect the surroundings(保护周边环境);protect rare animals(保护稀有动物);improve the environment(改善环境);save energy(节省能源)亮点词汇do great harm to(给……带来很大危害)preserve/protect the ecological environment 保护生态环境raise people’s awareness of environment protection 提高人们的环保意识care for trees and plants 爱护树木花草ride bicycles to work 骑自行车上班recycle textbooks/trash 课本/垃圾回收利用take public transport 乘坐公共交通deal with rubbish properly 正确处理垃圾save energy/water 节约能源/水don’t litter/spit everywhere 不随地扔垃圾/吐痰sort the garbage 分类垃圾ban abusing plastic bags 禁止滥用塑料袋ban smoking in public places 禁止在公共场合吸烟基本词汇harmonious(和谐的);honest(诚实的);credible (可信的);balanced(平衡的);social order(社会秩序);peaceful(和平的);sustainable development(可持续发展);help each other(互助);care for each other(互相关心);have a liking for (喜爱);build(创建);cherish(珍惜); public morals(社会道德)亮点词汇devote to(献身);be public\|spirited(有公德心的);be concerned with (关心);live in harmony(和谐共处)基本词汇computer电脑; machine机器software软件; technique技术，技巧，技能equipment设备; science科学，自然科学experiment实验; research研究，调查project工程，项目; Internet因特网analyze分析 ; conclude总结create创造 ; explore探索measure测量; reflect反射，反应search搜索; observe观察update更新，使现代化; simplify使简化accurate精确地; digital数字化的亮点词汇realize one’s dream实现某人的梦想have access to\be accessible能使用come true实现，成为现实be related\linked to与…有关联advanced science and technology先进的科学技术catch up with the advanced world levels赶上世界先进水平make a great difference有很大影响，有很大作用play an important role in在…起重要的作用make it possible for life to develop使得生命发展成为可能with the rapid development of science and technology随着科技的迅速发展话题8 语言学习基本词汇accumulate v. 积累，积聚approach n. 方法；途径base n. 基础 v. 以......为基础confuse v. 使迷惑；使混淆 ; consistent adj. 一致的distinguish v. 辨别 explain vt. 解释，说明explanation n. 解释，说明explicit adj. 清楚明白的，易于理解的expression n. 词语，表达；表情fluent adj. 流利的，流畅的grammar n. 语法; improve v. 提高master vt. 精通，掌握 ; overcome v. 克服，解决pronounce v. 发音 ; standard n.&adj. 标准（的）review vt. 重新调查；回顾；复习n. 复查，复习，评论revision n. 复习，温习; shortcoming n. 缺点，短处specific adj. 明确的，具体的，独特的vocabulary n. 词汇，词汇表亮点词汇bear (sth) in mind 记住（某事）enlarge one’s vocabulary 扩大词汇量express oneself in English fluently 用英语流利地表达思想form a habit 养成习惯give sb some advice on how to learn English 给某人就如何学英语提出一些建议have a good command of sth 精通......have a good knowledge of English 精通英语insist on 坚持improve writting skills 提高写作能力learn...by heart 用心记......take part in the English corner 参加英语角additionally 加之；又besides 此外；除……之外equally important 同样重要的是furthermore 此外；而且in addition 另外in other words 换句话说last but not least 最后但同样重要的是moreover 而且；此外that is to say 即；就是；换句话说what’s more 而且；此外although 虽然；尽管at the same time 同时；但是despite 不管；尽管；不论even if 即使even though 即使however 然而；可是in spite of 不管instead 代替；而不是nevertheless 然而；不过on the contrary 正相反otherwise 另外；不同地regardless of 不管；不顾still 依然；仍然though 虽然；可是while 而yet 然而；但是；仍either…or… ……或……instead of… ……，而不是……neither…nor… ……和……都不……not…but… 不是……而是……rather than… 宁可；胜过whether…or not 是否compare with/to 与……比较equally 相等地；平等地in comparison with 与……比较in contrast 相反；大不相同in contrast to 和……对比in the same way 同样地instead 代替；改为on the contrary 正相反while 而accordingly 因此；从而as a result of 作为结果because （of）因为consequently 从而；因此due to 由于；应归于hence 因此；从此in that 由于；因为；既然now that 因为；既然on account of 由于owing to 由于；因……的缘故so 所以so that 所以thanks to 由于therefore 因此；所以thus 因此above all 最重要的是accordingly 于是as a consequence 因此as has been noted 如前所述at last 最后briefly 简要扼要地by doing so 如此certainly 当然地；无疑地consequently 因此eventually 最后hence 因此in a word 总之in brief 简言之in conclusion 总之；最后in short 简而言之in summary 简要地说in sum 总之；简而言之obviously 显然on the whole 总体说来；整个看来to conclude 总而言之to speak frankly 坦白地说to sum up 总而言之to summarize 总而言之1.随着经济的快速发展with the rapid development of economy2.人民生活水平的显著提高/ 稳步增长the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people’s living standard3.先进的科学技术advanced science and technology4.面临新的机遇和挑战be faced with new opportunities and challenges5.人们普遍认为It is commonly believed/ recognized t hat…6.社会发展的必然结果the inevitable result of social development7.引起了广泛的公众关注arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention8.不可否认It is undeniable that…/ There is no denying that…9.热烈的讨论/ 争论a heated discussion/ debate10. 有争议性的问题a controversial issue11.完全不同的观点a totally different argument12.一些人…而另外一些人… Some people… while others…13. 就我而言/ 就个人而言As far as I am concerned, / Personally,14.就…达到绝对的一致reach an absolute consensus on…15.有充分的理由支持be supported by sound reasons16.双方的论点argument on both sides17.发挥着日益重要的作用play an increasingly important role in…18.对…必不可少be indispensable to …19.正如谚语所说As the proverb goes:20.…也不例外…be no exception21.对…产生有利/不利的影响exert positive/ negative effects on…22.利远远大于弊the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.23.导致，引起lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in24.复杂的社会现象a complicated social phenomenon25.责任感/ 成就感sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement26. 竞争与合作精神sense of competition and cooperation27. 开阔眼界widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision28.学习知识和技能acquire knowledge and skills29.经济/心理负担financial burden / psychological burden30.考虑到诸多因素take many factors into account/ consideration31. 从另一个角度from another perspective32.做出共同努力make joint efforts33. 对…有益be beneficial / conducive to…34.为社会做贡献make contributions to the society35.打下坚实的基础lay a solid foundation for…36.综合素质comprehensive quality37.无可非议blameless / beyond reproach39.致力于/ 投身于be committed / devoted to…40. 应当承认Admittedly,41.不可推卸的义务unshakable duty42. 满足需求satisfy/ meet t he needs of…43.可靠的信息源a reliable source of information44.宝贵的自然资源valuable natural resources46.方便快捷convenient and efficient47.在人类生活的方方面面in all aspects of human life48.环保(的) environmental protection / environmentally friendly49.社会进步的体现a symbol of society progress50.科技的飞速更新the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology51.对这一问题持有不同态度hold different attitudes towards this issue52.支持前/后种观点的人people / those in fovor of the former/ latteropinion53.有/ 提供如下理由/ 证据have/ provide the following reasons/ evidence54.在一定程度上to some extent/ degree / in some way55. 理论和实践相结合integrate theory with practice56. …必然趋势an irresistible trend of…57.日益激烈的社会竞争the increasingly fierce social competition58.眼前利益immediate interest/ short-term interest59.长远利益. interest in the long run60.…有其自身的优缺点… has its merits and demerits/ advantages and disadvantages61.扬长避短Exploit to the full one’s favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable ones62.取其精髓，取其糟粕Take the essence and discard the dregs.63.对…有害do harm to / be harmful to/ be detrimental to64.交流思想/ 情感/ 信息exchange ideas/ emotions/ information65.跟上…的最新发展keep pace with / catch up with/ keep abreast withthe latest development of …66.采取有效措施来… take effective measures to do sth.67.…的健康发展the healthy development o f …68.有利有弊Every coin has its two sides.No garden without weeds.69.对…观点因人而异Views on …vary from person to person.70.重视attach great importance to…71.社会地位social status72.把时间和精力放在…上focus time and energy on…73.扩大知识面expand one’s scope of knowledge74.身心两方面both physically and mentally75.有直接/间接关系be directly / indirectly related to…76. 提出折中提议set forth a compromise proposal77. 可以取代“think”的词believe, claim, maintain, argue, insist, hold the opinion/ belief that78.缓解压力/ 减轻负担relieve stress/ burden79.优先考虑/发展… give (top) priority to sth.80.与…比较compared with…/ in comparison with81. 相反in contrast / on the contrary.82.代替replace/ substitute / take the place of83.经不起推敲cannot bear closer analysis / cannot hold water84.提供就业机会offer job opportunities85. 社会进步的反映mirror of social progress86.毫无疑问Undoubtedly, / There is no doubt that…87.增进相互了解enhance/ promote mutual understanding88.充分利用make full use of / take advantage of89.承受更大的工作压力suffer from heavier work pressure90.保障社会的稳定和繁荣guarantee the stability and prosperity of our society91.更多地强调put more emphasis on…92.适应社会发展adapt oneself to the development of society93.实现梦想realize one’s dream/ make one’s dream come true94. 主要理由列举如下The main reasons are listed as follows:95. 首先First，Firstly，In the first place, To begin with96.其次Second, Secondly, In the second place97. 再次Besides，In addition, Additionally, Moreover, Furthermore98. 最后Finally, Last but not the least, Above all, Lastly,99. 总而言之All in all, To sum up, In summary, In a word, 100.我们还有很长的路要走We still have a long way to go.。
英语思维导图加作文
英语思维导图是一种有效的学习工具它可以帮助学生组织和理解复杂的信息提高学习效率。
结合作文我们可以利用思维导图来梳理文章的结构明确写作要点从而提高写作能力。
以下是一些使用英语思维导图加作文的方法和步骤
1. 确定主题首先确定你的作文主题。
这将是思维导图的中心节点。
2. 列出关键点围绕主题列出所有你想在作文中讨论的关键点。
这些点将成为思维导图的主要分支。
3. 扩展分支对每个关键点进行扩展添加子分支包括支持论点例子证据或解释。
4. 组织结构使用思维导图来组织你的作文结构。
决定哪些点应该在引言中提出哪些点是文章的主体部分哪些点适合作为结论。
5. 使用连接词在思维导图中使用箭头或线条来表示不同点之间的逻辑关系这有助于你在写作时使用适当的连接词。
6. 草拟大纲根据思维导图草拟一个作文大纲。
这将作为写作的蓝图。
7. 撰写初稿按照大纲撰写作文的初稿。
确保每个段落都有一个清晰的主题句并且支持点与主题句紧密相关。
8. 审稿和修改完成初稿后进行审稿检查语法拼写和句子结构。
同时确保文章的逻辑流畅每个点都得到充分的展开。
9. 使用思维导图进行复习在复习作文时再次使用思维导图来回顾文章的结构和要点确保你对文章内容有深刻的理解。
10. 最终修订根据复习的结果对作文进行最后的修订提高文章的清晰度和说服力。
通过这种方法学生可以更系统地组织思路提高写作的条理性和逻辑性。
同时思维导图也有助于学生在写作过程中保持焦点避免偏离主题。
雅思写作常用连结词(1)常用的连结词 :1)表层次 :first, firstly, to begin with, further, in the first place second, secondly, to start with, still, furthermorethird, thirdly, what is more, last, last but not least Also, and, then, next, besidesand equally important, too, moreoverBesides, in addition, finally2)表转折：by contrast although though yetat the same time but despite the fact that even soin contrast nevertheless even though for all that notwithstanding on the contrary however in spite ofon the other hand otherwise instead stillregardless3)表因果：therefore consequently because of for the reasonthus hence due to owing toso accordingly thanks to on this accountsince as on that account in this wayfor as a result as a consequence4）表退步：still nevertheless concession granted naturallyin spite of all the same of course despiteeven so after all5)表递近：furthermore moreover likewise what is morebesides also not only...but also...too in addition6)表举例：for example for instance for one thing that isto illustrate as an illustration a case in point7)表解说：as a matter of fact frankly speaking in this case namely in other words8)表总结：in summary in a word thus as has been saidin brief in conclusion altogether in other wordsto conclude in fact finally in simple termsindeed in short in particular that isin other words of course on the whole to put it differently namely in all therefore to summarize在雅思写作的四大评分标准中间，连结性与连接性是此中的一项评分标准，连结性与连接性此中一方面就是用连结手段（即连结词）来实现的。
一直是雅思考生需要攻克的难题。
那么通关秘笈是什么?很显然，雅思写作模板的时代已经过去了。
"英文写作逻辑和衔接"才是那条通往罗马的必经之路。
参照雅思官方发布的评分标准，不难看出雅思对英文写作逻辑的重视："逻辑与衔接"(Coherence and Cohesion)为四项写作评分原则之一。
以6分的标准为例，写作评分标准中对"逻辑与衔接"是这样描述的：arranges information and ideas coherently and there is a clear overall progression (连贯地组织信息及论点，总体来说，能清晰地推进行文发展);uses cohesive devices effectively, but cohesion within and/or between sentences may be faulty or mechanical (有效地使用衔接手段，但句内及/或句间的衔接有时有误或过于机械) 所谓"清晰的推进行文发展"，至少要做到文章中使用到准确、有效的逻辑连词(logical conjunction) 又名信号词。
信号词对于文章过程的连贯起到了作用,它也是英语写作中众多过渡手段之一。
中常用到的逻辑连词按照分类如下10类：(1)表示递进：and, also, too, in addition, moreover, besides ,furthermore, not only… but also…, along with, next, what’s more.(2)表示时间: after, before, soon, when, until, during, immediately, then.(3)表示举例: for example, for instance, such as, that is, in other words, in fact.(4)表示相同即第二个观点在某些方面和第一个观点相似：Like, as, similarly, in the some way, as well, too, equally, likewise.(5)表示不同，即观点和我们所期望的观点不同(读者需要对下一句的意思转换做好准备)：Unlike, in contrast with\to, whereas, on the contrary, on the other hand, instead, but, however, yet, although, nevertheless, even though, in spite of, despite, rather than.(6)表示因果：since, because, due to, owing to, for, as, because of, on account of, as a result, therefore, thus, hence, so, consequ ently, so…that.(7)表示目的：in order to, in the hope that, so as to, so that.(8)表示总结in conclusion, on the whole, to conclude, to sum up, finally, at last.(9)表示顺序：first, then, next, after that, finally, last of all, still, soon, later, initially.(10)表示条件：if, unless, on condition that, as long as, in case, suppose.这些起桥梁作用的过渡词语(Transitional Words\Phrases) 把文章有条理的衔接起来，使整篇文章流畅自然、语义连贯。
名师指导：雅思口语之思维导图同学们，上次我们讲过雅思口语的常用结构和地道词汇，今天我们讲点更高神的，预想在雅思口语考试中对答如流，必须提前在大脑中展开严密的语言表达思路，而展示思路最深刻的方法就是迅速画图。
对于思维导图也许你还有些陌生，先稍微介绍一下：科学研究已经充分证明：人类的思维特征是呈放射性的，进入大脑的每一条信息、每一种感觉、记忆或思想(包括每一个词汇、数字、代码、食物、香味、线条、色彩、图像、节拍、音符和纹路)，都可作为一个思维分支表现出来，它呈现出来的就是放射性立体结构。
这也是我们熟知的思维导图的由来。
回归正题：在实际的口语训练过程中，尤其是训练初期，几乎每个人都会感觉没有想要表达的意思有很多，但是就是无法顺畅的表达出来，甚是抓狂。
这可能是我们平时对碎片化阅读材料没有系统整理的原因。
今天主要给大家分享一下让思维连贯的方法之一——思维导图！原文地址：/ielts/t-guide/2015/1124/32307.html雅思培训：/ielts/通过以上的图形可以把我们旅行方面的要素基本涵盖，帮助我们组织素材。
限于篇幅三级延伸无法充分展开，也需要大家自己深化了，比如说Weekend’s trip 优点是：self-scheduled, flexible, timesaving, cheaper, 而缺点是 cannot travel far，cannot be exposed to exotic culture，cannot taste foreign meals. 包括旅游给我们身体上带来的影响，精神上的影响，成员关系的影响等等都可以延伸的方面。
今天的分享就到这里了~~ 精彩稍后继续啊~~本文为太傻考试部原创文章，转载需注明出处，违者必究！。
雅思写作逻辑关系表达常用连接词朗阁海外考试研究中心在雅思写作中，不同逻辑关系的表达就意味着要使用不同的句式结构，不同的连接词。
因此，连接词在写作中是否能正确的使用就决定着文章逻辑关系是否合理。
笔者在多年的教学中发现，有的考生不明白在写作中该使用怎样的连接词，有的考生不知道连接词的使用是否正确。
本文中，朗阁海外考试研究中心的专家将总结一些写作中常用的连接词。
一、常见列举用转折词语1. for one thing, for another, above all things;2. to begin/start with, next/besides/moreover, last/finally;3. in the first place, in the second, in the third, (and) best of/worst of all;4. one of these, another,(there is) still another(reason/factor);上述词组的意思是：1. 首先；其次；最重要的是；2. 首先；然后/此外/而且；最后；3. 第一，首先；第二；第三；最好的是/最糟糕的是；4. 其中一个；另一个；还有一个（原因/因素）；二、常见对比转折词语1. but, but on the contrary, but on the other hand, but then;2. by contrast, in contrast, in contrast with/to, as a contrast to, as opposed to;3. by contraries, on the contrary, to the contrary, contrary to (A), opposite to, in opposition to;4. whereas, while, while on the other hand, while on the whole, yet, however;5. (as) compared with/to, by comparison, in comparison with, by comparison to6. First..., Next..., Last...;7. In the first / early / initial / infant period / stage / phase（或In its infancy）..., In the second / middle / adult / ripe period / stage / phase..., In the third / last / closing / later / concluding period...;8. One step (way/course/approach/secret/trick)..., Another step..., Still another step...;9. The first measure/step/move..., Next to it comes..., And the last/final/the most important measure...;10. The direct experience/lesson/factor/way（或One lesson）... The indirect experience/lesson/factor/way（或The other lesson）...上述词组的意思是：1. 但是；但相反地；但另一方面；但是接下去；2. 通过对比；经过对比；经与…对比；作为与…的对比；作为…的对照；3. 相反；相反；相反；与A相反；与…相反；与…相反；4. 然而；然而；然而另一方面；然而整体而言；然而；然而；5. 跟…相比6. 首先…；其次…；最后…；7. 在第一个/早期/开始/婴儿时期/阶段；在第二个/中间/成人/成熟时期/阶段；在第三个/最后/结束/后面的阶段；8. 一个措施/方法/做法/秘密/计策是…；另一个措施是…；还有一个措施是…；9. 第一个措施是…；接着是…；最后一个/最重要的措施是…；10. 直接经验/教训/因素/途径是（一个教训是）…；间接经验/教训/因素/途径是（另一个教训是）…三、常见对比转折句型1. But the obvious (fatal/serious) flaw (defect/drawback) in their argument (attitude/idea/view/action/behavior) is that.../But the basic (main/great/key/ big) problem with their argument (...) is that...e.g. ...that they are ignorant of (blind to) a bare fact: Social changes have attached new meanings and values to the division between good and bad.2. But if...it is (not) easy (difficult/hard) to see (find/discover) that ...e.g. But if they adjust their frame of mind a little in the other direction , it is not hard for them to find that life is just as promising as before.3. Too much emphasis (attention/stress/concern/significance) placed on (given to/focused on/attached to/paid to) the negative (sunny/gloomy/bright) side of the issue, however, may...（如mislead/confuse/cloud/bias/disturb our judgment of it.）Ae.g. ..., however, may mislead us to form a pessimistic estimate of current situations. 或..., however, may stop us from rendering(passing/forming/having) a fair (correct/clear/infallible/wise) judgment on it.4. But in most cases/from the point of view of justice (objectivity)/as a matter of fact/in a very true sense, their (public/general) satisfaction (dissatisfaction/disillusionment/concern) with...（或their criticism of.../their argument for/against.../their objection to.../their approval for...）can not.../is..., for...e.g. But in an impartial sense, the public dissatisfaction can not hold every water, for our society is still abundant in goodness and beauty.5. As a result of..., however, things would/are bound to...e.g. As a result of such an utter indifference to vicious behavior, however , things would be past saving/mending/all the hope.上述句型的意思是：1. 但他们辩论/态度/观点/看法/行为中的明显/致命的/严重的缺点/缺陷是…；他们辩论的基本/最大/主要问题在于…例：…他们忽视了一个赤裸裸的事实：社会变革给善恶的区分赋予了新的意义和价值。
