06答案

2006年河南省普通高等学校 选拔优秀专科生进入本科阶段学习考试高等数学 答案及解析一、单项选择题（每小题2分，共计60分） 1.答案：B 【解析】：B x x ⇒≤-≤-⇒≤≤112110. 2.答案：A【解析】：01ln )1ln()1ln()()(22==+++-+=-+x x x x x f x f A ⇒. 3. 答案：C【解析】： 1sin lim20-=-→xxx x C ⇒. 4.答案：B 【解析】：B nnn n n n n ⇒=+=+∞→∞→2]sin 32[lim sin 32lim .5.答案：B【解析】：B a a a ae xe xf ax x ax x x ⇒=⇒+===-=→→→1122lim 1lim)(lim 20200. 6. 答案：C 【解析】：xx f f f x f x x f x f x x )1()1()1()21(lim)1()21(lim00--+-+=--+→→ C f xf x f x f x f x x ⇒'=---+-+=→→)1(3)1()1(lim 2)1()21(lim 2007. 答案：A【解析】： A y x x x y ⇒==⇒=⇒='5,2422000. 8.答案：D【解析】： D t tt t dx dy ⇒-=-=2sin sin 222. 9.答案：B 【解析】：B xy x y x x yn n n ⇒=⇒+=⇒=--1ln 1ln )()1()2(. 10.答案：A【解析】：A y y y x x x x x x x x y x x x ⇒∞=-==⇒++-+=++--=-→-→±∞→2122lim ,4lim ,1lim )2)(1()3)(1(2332.11.答案：C 【解析】：由罗尔中值定理条件：连续、可导及端点的函数值相等C ⇒. 12.答案：C【解析】：C e y e y xx ⇒>=''<-='--0,0. 13.答案：D【解析】：D C e F e d e f dx e f ex x x x x⇒+-=-=⎰⎰-----)()()()(.14.答案：B【解析】：B C ex f e x f e x f x x x⇒+=⇒='⇒=-'++)1(21)1(212)()()12(.15.答案：B【解析】：⎰baxdx arcsin 是常数，所以B xdx dxd ba ⇒=⎰0arcsin . 16.答案：C 【解析】：C x dx x⇒-==++∞∞+⎰)21arctan 4(412arctan 4141112π. 17.答案：D【解析】：由定积分的几何意义可得D 的面积为⎰-badx x g x f |)()(|D ⇒.18.答案：B【解析】：B n n n ⇒=⇒=+-⇒-⊥30943}3,43{}3,,1{. 19.答案：B 【解析】： B x f x x f x ⇒='⇒=1)1,()1,(. 20.答案：A【解析】：令xy e F yz F xyz ez y x F z z x z-='-='⇒-=222,),,(A z x z xy xyz yz xy e yz x z z ⇒-=-=-=∂∂⇒)12(222. 21.答案：A【解析】：222xydxxdy dy x xydx dz -++= A dy dx dx dy dy dx dz y x ⇒+=-++=⇒==2211.22.答案：A【解析】：,6)0,0(),(062,06222-=∂∂⇒=⇒=-=∂∂=-=∂∂xz y x y x y z x y x z ⇒=∂∂∂-=∂∂2,6222y x z y z 是极大值A ⇒.23.答案：A【解析】：有二重积分的几何意义知：=⎰⎰Ddxdy 区域D 的面积为πA ⇒.24.答案：B【解析】：积分区域},0|),{(}0,0|),{(a x y a y y x x y a x y x D ≤≤≤≤=≤≤≤≤=B ⇒.25.答案：D【解析】：在极坐标下积分区域可表示为：}sin 20,20|),{(θπθθ≤≤≤≤=r r D ，在直角坐标系下边界方程为y y x 222=+，积分区域为右半圆域D ⇒26.答案：D 【解析】：L ：,1⎩⎨⎧-==xy xx x 从1变到0，⎰⎰⇒-=+=-+012)(D dx dx dy dx y x L .27.答案：C 【解析】：⇒<22sinn n ππ∑∞=π12sinn n收敛C ⇒. 28. 答案：A 【解析】：∑∞=0n nnx a在2-=x 收敛，则在1-=x 绝对收敛，即级数∑∞=-0)1(n n n a 绝对收敛A ⇒.29. 答案：C【解析】：dx xxdy y y ydx x ydy x sin cos sin cos 0sin cos cos sin -=⇒=+ C C y x C x y xxd y y d ⇒=⇒=+⇒-=⇒sin sin ln sin ln sin ln sin sin sin sin . 30.答案：C【解析】：-1不是微分方程的特征根，x 为一次多项式，可设xeb ax y -+=*)( C ⇒.二、填空题（每小题2分，共30分） 31.答案：1 【解析】：1)(sin 1|sin |=⇒≤x f x . 32.答案：123【解析】：=++=++--=--+→→→)31(1lim )31)(2()2(lim 231lim 2222x x x x x x x x x x x x 123341==. 33.答案：dx x 2412+【解析】：dx xdy 2412+= . 34.答案：5,4==b a【解析】：b a b a b ax x x f -+-=-=+-⇒++='12,02323)(25,4==⇒b a . 35.答案：)1,1(-【解析】：)1,1(),(0662632-=⇒=-=''⇒+-='y x x y x x y . 36.答案：2 【解析】：2)1()1()()(=-=⇒=-g f C C x g x f 2)()(=-⇒x g x f .37.答案：323π【解析】：3202sin )sin (3023232π=+=+=+⎰⎰⎰⎰πππ-ππ-ππ-dx x xdx dx x dx x x .38.答案：32-e【解析】：⎰⎰⎰⎰--=--=+=====-201110012132)()1(e dx e dx x dt t f dx x f xt x .39.答案：3π 【解析】：3,21663||||,cos π>=⇒<==⋅>=<b a b a b a b a .40.答案：x y z 222=+【解析】：把x y 22=中的2y 换成22y z +，即得所求曲面方程x y z 222=+. 41.答案：y x cos 21+【解析】： ⇒+=∂∂y x y x z sin 2y x y x zcos 212+=∂∂∂.42.答案：32-【解析】：⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰-=-=-=--D dx x dy x y dx dxdy x y 1211122322)()( . 43.答案：∑∞=+∞-∞∈-02),(,!1)1(n nnx x n 【解析】：∑∞=⇒=0!n n xn x e ∑∑∞=∞=-+∞-∞∈-=-==0022),(,!1)1(!)()(2n n n n n xx x n n x e x f .44.答案：)21ln(x+)22(≤<-x【解析】：∑∑∑∞=∞=-+∞=+++=-=+-=+-0111011)21ln()2()1(1)2()1(2)1()1(n n n n n n n n n n x n x n x n x , )22(≤<-x .45.答案：032=-'-''y y y【解析】：x x e C e C y 321+=-0323,1221=--⇒=-=⇒λλλλ032=-'-''⇒y y y .三、计算题（每小题5分，共40分）46．计算 xx e x xx 2sin 1lim 3202-→--. 【解析】：20300420320161lim 3222lim 81lim 2sin 1lim2222xe x xe x x e x xx e x x x x x x x x x -=+-=--=---→-→-→-→ 161lim 161322lim220000-=-=-=-→-→x x x x e x xe . 47.求函数xx x y 2sin 2)3(+=的导数dxdy .【解析】：取对数得 ：)3ln(2sin ln 2x x x y +=，两边对x 求导得：x xx x x x x y y 2sin 332)3ln(2cos 2122++++=' 所以]2sin 332)3ln(2cos 2[)3(222sin 2x xx x x x x x x y x+++++='x x x x x x x x x x x 2sin )32()3()3ln(2cos )3(212sin 222sin 2+++++=-.48.求不定积分⎰-dx xx 224.【解析】：⎰⎰⎰====⎰-==-=π<<π-dt t tdt tdt t tdx x x t x t )2cos 1(2sin 4cos 2cos 2sin 4422sin 22222C x x x C t t x C t t +--=+-=+-=242arcsin 2cos sin 22arcsin 22sin 22.49.计算定积分⎰--+102)2()1ln(dx x x .【解析】：⎰⎰⎰+---+=-+=-+101010102)1)(2(12)1ln(21)1ln()2()1ln(dx x x x x x d x dx x x ⎰=-=+-+=++--=10102ln 312ln 322ln 12ln 312ln )1121(312ln x x dx x x .50.设),()2(xy x g y x f z ++= ，其中),(),(v u g t f 皆可微，求yz x z ∂∂∂∂,. 【解析】：xvv g x u u g x y x y x f x z ∂∂∂∂+∂∂∂∂+∂+∂+'=∂∂)2()2( ),(),()2(2xy x g y xy x g y x f v u'+'++'==∂∂∂∂+∂∂∂∂+∂+∂+'=∂∂yvv g y u u g y y x y x f y z )2()2(),()2(xy x g x y x f v '++'. 51．计算二重积分⎰⎰=Dydxdy xI 2，其中D 由12,===x x y x y 及所围成.【解析】：积分区域如图06-1所示， 可表示为：x y x x 2,10≤≤≤≤. 所以 ⎰⎰⎰⎰==10222xxDydy x dx ydxdy x I 10310323)2(10510421022====⎰⎰x dx x y dx x xx .52．求幂级数nn nx n ∑∞=--+0)1()3(1【解析】： 令t x =-1，级数化为 n n nt n∑∞=-+0)3(1，这是不缺项的标准的幂级数. 因为 313)3(11)3(1lim 1)3(1)3(1lim lim 11=--+-=+⋅-+-+==∞→+∞→+∞→nnn n n n n n n n n a a ρ， 故级数nn nt n ∑∞=-+0)3(1的收敛半径31==ρR ，即级数收敛区间为（-3，3）. 对级数nn nx n ∑∞=--+0)1()3(1有313<-<-x ，即42<<-x . 故所求级数的收敛区间为），（42-. 53．求微分方程 0)12(2=+-+dy x xy dy x 通解.【解析】：微分方程0)12(2=+-+dx x xy dy x 可化为 212xx y x y -=+'，这是一阶线性微分方程，它对应的齐次线性微分方程02=+'y x y 通解为2xCy =.xx设非齐次线性微分方程的通解为2)(x x C y =，则3)(2)(xx C x C x y -'='，代入方程得 C x x x C x x C +-=⇒-='2)(1)(2.故所求方程的通解为2211xCx y +-=.四、应用题（每小题7分，共计14分）54. 某公司的甲、乙两厂生产同一种产品，月产量分别为y x ,千件；甲厂月生产成本是5221+-=x x C （千元），乙厂月生产成本是3222++=y y C （千元）.若要求该产品每月总产量为8千件，并使总成本最小，求甲、乙两厂最优产量和相应最小成本.【解析】：由题意可知：总成本8222221++-+=+=y x y x C C C ，约束条件为8=+y x .问题转化为在8=+y x 条件下求总成本C 的最小值 .把8=+y x 代入目标函数得 0(882022>+-=x x x C 的整数）.则204-='x C ，令0='C 得唯一驻点为5=x ，此时有04>=''C .故 5=x 是唯一极值点且为极小值，即最小值点.此时有38,3==C y . 所以 甲、乙两厂最优产量分别为5千件和3千件，最低成本为38千元.55.由曲线)2)(1(--=x x y 和x 轴所围成一平面图形,求此平面图形绕y 轴旋转一周所成的旋转体的体积. 【解析】：平面图形如图06-2所示,此立体可看作X 型区域绕y 轴旋转一周而得到。

自动化专业06级《现代控制理论》试卷答案一、（10分，每小题1分）试判断以下结论的正确性，若结论是正确的，则在其左边的括号里打√，反之打×。

（ √ ）1. 相比于经典控制理论，现代控制理论的一个显著优点是可以用时域法直接进行系统的分析和设计。

（ √ ）2. 传递函数的状态空间实现不唯一的一个主要原因是状态变量选取不唯一。

（ × ）3. 状态变量是用于完全描述系统动态行为的一组变量，因此都是具有物理意义。

（ × ）4. 输出变量是状态变量的部分信息，因此一个系统状态能控意味着系统输出能控。

（ √ ）5. 等价的状态空间模型具有相同的传递函数。

（ × ）6. 互为对偶的状态空间模型具有相同的能控性。

（ × ）7. 一个系统的平衡状态可能有多个，因此系统的李雅普诺夫稳定性与系统受扰前所处的平衡位置无关。

（ √ ）8. 若一线性定常系统的平衡状态是渐近稳定的，则从系统的任意一个状态出发的状态轨迹随着时间的推移都将收敛到该平衡状态。

（ × ）9. 反馈控制可改变系统的稳定性、动态性能，但不改变系统的能控性和能观性。

（ × ）10. 如果一个系统的李雅普诺夫函数确实不存在，那么我们就可以断定该系统是不稳定的。

二、（15分）建立一个合理的系统模型是进行系统分析和设计的基础。

已知一单输入单输出线性定常系统的微分方程为：)(8)(6)()(3)(4)(t u t u t u t y t y t y++=++&&&&&& （1）采用串联分解方式，给出其状态空间模型，并画出对应的状态变量图；（7分＋3分） （2）归纳总结上述的实现过程，试简述由一个系统的n 阶微分方程建立系统状态空间模型的思路。

（5分） 解：（1）方法一：由微分方程可得345213486)(222++++=++++=s s s s s s s s G令352113452)(21++⋅+=+++=s s s s s s s G 每一个环节的状态空间模型分别为：⎩⎨⎧=+−=1111x y u x x & 和 ⎩⎨⎧+−=+−=1212223u x y u x x&又因为11y u =， 所以⎩⎨⎧−=+−=212113x x x u x x&&， 212x x y −= 因此，采用串联分解方式可得系统的状态空间模型为：u x x x x⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡+⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡−−=⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡0131012121&& []u x x y +⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡−=2112对应的状态变量图为：方法二： 由微分方程可得32143486)(22++⋅++=++++=s s s s s s s s s G 每一个环节的状态空间模型分别为：⎩⎨⎧+=+−=u x y u x x 11113& 和 ⎩⎨⎧+−=+−=121223u x y u x x&又因为11y u =， 所以⎩⎨⎧+−=+−=ux x x u x x2121133&&， u x x y +−=213 因此，采用串联分解方式可得系统的状态空间模型为：u x x x x⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡+⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡−−=⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡1133012121&& []u x x y +⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡−=2113对应的状态变量图为（2）单输入单输出线性时不变系统传递函数的一般形式是1110111)(a s a sa sb s b s b s b s G n n nn n n n +++++++=−−−−L L若，则通过长除法，传递函数总可以转化成0≠n b )(s G d s a s c d a s a s a s c s c s c s G n n n n n +=++++++++=−−−−)()()(01110111L L 将传递函数c (s )/a (s )分解成若干低阶(1阶)传递函数的乘积，然后根据能控标准型或能观标准型写出这些低阶传递函数的状态空间实现，最后利用串联关系，写出原来系统的状态空间模型。

2006年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试II英语试题本试卷分第一卷（选择题）和第二卷（非选择题）两部分。

第一卷1至10页。

第二卷11至14页。

考试结束，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一卷第一部分英语知识运用（共三节，满分50分）第一部分语音知识（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

1. hearA. nearlyB. searchC. bearD. heart2. changeA. machineB. headacheC. techniqueD. research3. surpiseA. policeB. apologizeC. bridgeD. children4. safelyA. baseB. seasonC. AsiaD. usual5. museumA. subjectB. trueC. hugeD. busy第二节语法和词汇知识（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

6.–Will you be able to finish your report today? –_______.A. I like itB. I hope soC. I’ll do soD. I’d love it 7．We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, _______.A. do youB. can weC. will youD. shall we8．Y our story is perfect; I’ve never heard _______ before.A. the better oneB. the best oneC. a better oneD. a good one 9．It was not until she got home _______ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.A. whenB. thatC. whereD. before10.We hope that as many people as-possible _______ join us for the picnic tomorrow.A. needB. mustC. shouldD. can11.It is no _______ arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.A. useB. helpC. timeD. way12.John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $3,000 more than he _______ for the wedding.A. will planB. has plannedC. would planD. had planned13.We thought there were 35 students in the dining hall, _______, in fact, there were 40.A. whileB. whetherC. whatD. which14.–Did you take enough money with you? –No, I needed _______ I thought I would.A. not so much asB. as much asC. much more thanD. much less than15.Mary wanted to travel around the world all by herself, but her parents did not _______ her todo so.A. forbidB. allowC. followD. ask16.–What did your parents think about your decision?–They always let me do _______ I think I should.A. whenB. thatC. howD. what17.We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _______ that all children like these things.A. thinkingB. thinkC. to thinkD. thought18.There were a lot of people standing at the door and the small girl couldn’t get ______.A. betweenB. throughC. acrossD. beyond19.I know you don’t like _______ music very much. But what do you think of _______ music in the film we saw yesterday?A. /; /B. the; theC. the; /D. /; the20.As you can see, the number of cars on roads _______ rising these days.A. we keepingB. keepC. keepsD. were keeping 第三节完型填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

第六章习题解答1、设函数01(),(),,()n x x x φφφ 在[,]a b 上带权()x ρ正交，试证明{}()nj j x φ=是线性无关组。

证明：设0()nj jj l x φ==∑，两端与01()(,,,)kx k n φ= 作内积，由()jx φ的正交性可知，200(),()((),())((),())()()n n b k j j j k j k k k k k a j j x l x l x x l x x l x x dx φφφφφφρφ==⎛⎫==== ⎪⎝⎭∑∑⎰， 于是有001(,,,)k l k n == ，即{}()nj j x φ=是线性无关组。

2、试确定系数,a b 的值使22(()cos )ax b x dx π+-⎰达到最小。

解：定义02,[,]f g C π∈上的内积为20fgdx π⎰，取011(),()x x x ϕϕ==，()s x ax b =+，()cos f x x =，则法方程为0001010111(,)(,)(,)(,)(,)(,)f a f b ϕϕϕϕϕϕϕϕϕϕ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫= ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭ 其中()2000112,dx ππϕϕ=⨯=⎰，()2201018,xdx ππϕϕ=⨯=⎰，()3211024,x xdx ππϕϕ=⨯=⎰，()2001,cos f xdx πϕ==⎰，()21012,cos f x xdx ππϕ==-⎰，于是方程组为22312812824a b πππππ⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪= ⎪ ⎪- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭ ⎪⎝⎭，解之得1158506644.,.a b ==-。

3、已知函数11()(,)f x x =∈-，试用二类Chebyshev 多项式()n U x 构造此函数的二次最佳平方逼近元。

解：法一、取20121(),(),(),x x x x x ϕϕϕ===()()()00112222235,,,,,ϕϕϕϕϕϕ===，()()()011202203,,,,ϕϕϕϕϕϕ===，同时由二类Chebyshev 多项式的性质知 ()()()11101211028,,,,,f f f x ππϕϕϕ---======⎰⎰⎰于是可得法方程为0122203220003220835c c c ππ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎪ ⎪⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎪= ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭ ⎪⎝⎭，解之得0121.0308,0,0.7363c c c ===-， 于是()f x 的二次最佳逼近元是2001122() 1.03080.7363x c c c x ϕϕϕϕ=++=-法一、二类Chebyshev 多项式2012()1,()2,()41U x U x x U x x ===-，取内积权函数()()x f x ρ==，于是11200114(,)(1)3f U fU dx x dx ρ--==-=⎰⎰，1121111(,)2(1)0f U fU dx x x dx ρ--==-=⎰⎰，112222114(,)(41)(1)15f U fU dx x x dx ρ--==--=-⎰⎰ 由()n U x 正交性及(,)2n n U U π=可得0000(,)8(,)3f U c U U π==，1111(,)0(,)f U c U U ==，2222(,)8(,)15f U c U U π==-， 于是()f x 的二次最佳逼近元为001122()x c U c U c U ϕ=++=21632515x ππ- 4、设012{(),(),()}L x L x L x 是定义于[0,)+∞上关于权函数()xx eρ-=的首项系数为1的正交多项式组，若已知01()1,()1L x L x x ==-，试求出二次多项式2()L x 。

2006年法语专四题答案第一部分：听写La Vieille Dame Sauvée Par Le Chien ErrantUne vieille dame avait rencontréun chien.Affamé,il l’avait suivie jusque chez elle mais n’avait pas pu entrer.Un règlement d’immeuble interdit la possession de tout animal.Mais elle lui donna un bon morceau de viande.Le lendemain et(tous)les jours qui suivirent,la vieille dame s’en alla rencontrer le chienàl’endroit oùelle l’avait vu la première fois pour lui dire qu’elle l’aimait et lui donner une pleine gamelle.Mais,un jour,la vieille dame ne va pas.Alors,le chien courut jusqu’àla demeure de son amie et se mitàaboyer.Les voisins lui lancèrent des pierres.Le chien resta et continuaàaboyer jusqu’àce qu’un voisin plus humain monteàl’appartement. Il défonça l’entrée et trouva la vieille dame inanimée.Elleétait mal tombée au moment de sortir pour aller nourrir son ami.Et elle serait morte si le chien n’avait donnél’alerte.听力Section A:BBCAC BBCACSection B:CACBC BCBBC第二部分：词汇近义词1-5D B A C B反义词6-10C(adorable的讨人喜欢不仅指外表，还有性格等，C“无法忍受的”这个意思更贴近。

项目六【综合练习】一、判断题1．网店售后客服必须做到不可以直接拒绝买家的要求，只能用婉转的方式说明拒绝的理由（√）2．物流因素不受商家控制，所以商家无法避免商品的物流纠纷（×）3．卖家加入7天无理由退换货服务承诺后，买家的退换货费用由卖家承担。

（×）4．售后客服只需要了解退款/退换货流程，纠纷维权规则，对产品相关知识不需要掌握。

（×）5．申请退款的时候不可以申请部分退款，只能是全额退款。

（×）二、单选题1．售后工作是一次交易的最后过程，也是（C）的开始。

A、保修B、安装C、再销售D、关怀2．在处理售后纠纷时，话术技巧是很重要的，在与顾客交流时，客服不能说的话有（D）A、这个不属于我们的问题，我们不能负责B、亲的货被快递公司遗失了，请找快递公司索赔C、退的货你没填单号，导致退款速度慢，这不是我们的错D、以上全部都是3．买家办理退货后，客服应该怎么处理？（D）A、提醒顾客在网上填发货单B、收到货后检查登记并办理退款C、收到货后联系顾客推荐新款D、以上处理方法都可以4．客人购买的商品是99元，退款也是退了99，但客人银行卡短信提示只收到89元，以下哪个解释合理（C）A、订单显示退款99元，但实际卖家少退了10元B、客人说谎，想骗钱C、客户购买时使用了10元钱的积分，银行卡只退89元，积分不能折扣为现金，退到该客户的积分里面D、退货退款网店平台要扣10元佣金，所以只退客人89元5．客户申请退换货时不肯承担运费，网店售后客服应该如何处理？（B）A、威胁客户让其承担运费B、告知客户退换货的相关规则，跟客户协商运费问题C、如果客户不承担运费就不给予办理退换货服务操作D、让客户以到付的方式寄回三、操作题1．顾客参加了天猫店铺“双11活动”，买了两件的衣服，一件是2400元，一件是500元。

店铺承诺15天内发货，但20多天过去了，顾客迟迟未收到衣服，和店铺客服沟通，客服回复说衣服订单量太大，备的货都发光了，要订制现做，这一批工厂发来的面料不好，他们没有用，换面料耽误时间了，经过一个月衣服顾客收到了衣服，但是很不开心。

06年专四真题及答案详解-CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN06年专四真题PARTⅠ DICTIONListen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN]In Sections A B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on Answer Sheet Two.SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.1.How did Mark get there?A.By train and by car.B.By plane and by coach.C.By train and by bus.D.By bus and by plane.2.Mark used to wear all the following EXCEPTA.short hair.B.glassesC.moustache.D.beard.3.Where is the meeting for new students to be held?A.In the third room on the right.B.In the Common Room.C.In a room at the other end.D.In Room 501.Questions 4 to 6 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.4.What did Steve originally plan to do?A.To go to a park near the beach.B.To stay at home.C.To see a new film.D.To do some study.5.Maggie finally decided to go to see a film becauseA.there was no park nearby.B.the weather wasn’t ideal for a walk.C.it would be easier to go to a cinema.D.Steve hadn’t seen the film yet.6.Where did they plan to meet?A.Outside the Town Hall.B.Near the bank.C.In Steven’s place.D.At the cinema.PART Questions 7 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.7.The following details are true about the new device EXCEPTA.it has colour.B.it has a moving image.C.it costs less money.D.it is not on the market.8.Why didn’t Bill want one of them?A.He wanted to buy one from Japan.B.He wasn’t sure about its quality.C.He thought it was for business use.D.He thought it was expensive.9.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about the woman?A.She had never read the magazine herself.B.She knew who usually read the magazine.C.She was quite interested in the new device.D.She agreed with Bill at the end of the conversation.10.The conversation is mainly aboutA.a new type of telephone.B.the cost of telephone.C.some features of the magazine.D.the readership of the magazine. SECTION B PASSAGESIn this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and thenanswer the questions that follow.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. ,4t the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.11.In the old days dogs were used for the following EXCEPTA.hunting other animals.B.driving sheep.C.guarding chickens.D.keeping thieves away.12.Which of the following is CORRECT?A.Dogs are now treated as part of a family.B.Dogs still performed all the duties they used to do.C.People now keep dogs for the same reasons as before.D.Only old people are seen walking their dogs.13.The passage is mainly aboutA.what dogs can do.B.how to keep dogs.C.dogs and their masters.D.reasons for keeping dogs.Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.14.According to the passage, the working conditions in the new placeA.are the same as the speaker is used to.B.are expected to be rather poor.C.are just as adequate.D.are not yet clear.15.What is the speaker going to do in the new place?A.Travelling.B.Studying.C.Settling down.D.Teaching.16.The speaker expectsA.fewer choices of food.B.many ways to do washing.C.modern lighting facilities.D.new types of drinking water.17.From the passage we learn that the speakerA.is unprepared for the new post.B.is unclear about the conditions there.C.is ready for all the difficulties there.D.is eager to know more about the post.Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.18.According to the passage,when are children first expectd to study hard?A.Before 6 years of age.B.Between 6 and 10.C.After 10 years of age.D.After 12 years of age.19. Parents who abuse their children tend to have the following problems EXCEPTA.religious problems.B.emotional problems.C.financial problems.D.marriage problems.20.Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A.Boys and girls are equally energetic.B.Parents have higher expectations for boys.C.Some parents lack skills to deal with their kids.D.Some parents are ill-educated and ill-tempered.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 21 to 23 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now. listen to the news.21.What has happened to the Cubans?A.They set foot in Floria.B.They were drowned.C.They were flown to the U.S.D.They were sent back to Cuba.22.How did the Cubans try to enter the U.S.A.In a small boat.B.In an old truck.C.By swimming.D.By driving.Questions 23 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.23.How many cities will have air quality monitoring systems installed by the ned of this year?A.42 cities.B.220 cities.C. 150 cities.D. 262 cities.Questions 24 and25 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.24. Altogether how many people were reported missing?A. 68.B.90.C. 150.D. 40.25.Which of the following details is INCORRECT?A.The two ferries sank on different days.B.The accidents were caused by storms.C.The two ferries sank on the same river.D.More people were rescued from the first ferry.Questions 26 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.26.What is the news item mainly about?A.Indonesian government policies.B.Australia’s support to the UN assistance mission.C.Opening of an Australian consulate in East Timor.D.Talks between Australia and Indonesia.Questions 27 to 28 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.27. The news item is mainly about a joint venture betweenA.a US company and a UK company.B.a Swiss company and a UK company.C.two Taiwanese companies.D.a mainland company and a US company.28.Who will provide the distribution networks in the joint venture?A.Unilever.B.Nestle.C.PepsiCo.D.Coca Cola.Questions 29 to 30 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.29.Who staged the protect on Saturday?A.The soldiers.B.The peace camp.C.The militants.D. The hardliners.30. Which of the following details about the news is INCOPPECT?A.13 soilders were killed last week.B.100,000 people participated in the protest.C. The protesters demanded a pullout from Gaza.D.The Prime Minister rejected the pullout plan.Ⅲ CLOZEThere are many superstitions in Britain, but one of the most ( 31 )＿held is that it is unlucky to walk under a ladder--- even if it means (32)＿ the pavement into a busy street! (33)＿ you must pass under a ladder you can (34)＿ bad luck by crossing your fingers and (35)＿ them crossed until you have seen a dog. (36)＿ , you may lick your finger and (37)＿ a cross on the toe of your shoe, and not look again at the shoe until the (38)＿ has dried.Another common (39)＿ is that it is unlucky to open an umbrella in the house---it will either bring (40)＿ to the person who opened it or to the whole (41)＿. Anyone opening an umbrella in fine weather is (42)＿, as it inevitably brings rain!The number 13 is said to be unlucky for some, and when the 13th day of the month (43)＿ on a Friday, anyone wishing to avoid a bad event had better stay (44)＿.The worst misfortune that can happen to a person is caused by breaking a mirror, (45)＿ it brings seven years of bad luck! The superstition is supposed to (46)＿ in ancient times, when mirrors were considered to be tools of the gods.Black cats are generally considered lucky in Britain, even though they are (47)＿witchcraft.. it is (48)＿ lucky if a black cat crosses your path-although in America the exact opposite belief prevails.Finally, a commonly held superstition is that of touching wood (49)＿ luck.This measure is most often taken if you think you have said something that is tempting fate, such as “my car has never (50)＿, touch wood”31. A broadly B widely C quickly D speedily32. A running from B jumping off C stepping off D keeping from33. A If B As C Though D Unless34. A erase B remove C avoid D ease35. A keep B keeping C kept D to keep36. A Consequently B However C Comparatively D Alternatively37. A make B print C perform D produce38. A label B symbol C mark D cut39. A argument B superstition C opinion D idea40. A loss B difficulty C tragedy D misfortune41. A .house B household C home D circle42. A unwise B unintelligent C unpopular D unfortunate43. A falls B arrives C drops D happens44. A away B outdoors C indoors D far45. A when B as C if D though46. A have originated B be originating C be originated D originate47. A concerned about B related with C associated with D connected in48. A especially B specially C frequently D rarely49. A as B for C in D of50. A broken up B broken off C broken away D broken downPART IV GRAMMAR＆VOCABULARY51. __dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful top executive.A AlthoughB whateverC AsD However52. If only I __play the guitar as well as you!A wouldB couldC shouldD might53. The party, __I was the guest of honour, was extremely enjoyable.A by whichB for whichC to whichD at which54. It’s high time we __ cutting down the rainforests.A stoppedB had to stopC shall stopD stop55. The student said there were a few points in the essay he __ impossible to comprehend.A has foundB was findingC had foundD would find56. Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone__ an opportunity to hear the speech.A ought to haveB must haveC may haveD should have57. I am surprised__ this city is a dull place to live in.A that you should thinkB by what you are thinkingC that you would thinkD with what you were thinking58. Susan is very hardworking, but her pay is not__ for her work.A enough goodB good enoughC as good enoughD good as enough59. It is imperative that the government __ more investment into the shipbuilding industry.A attractsB shall attractC attractD has to60. Land belongs to the city; there is __ thing as private ownership of land.A no such aB not suchC not such aD no such61. My daughter has walked eight miles today. We never guessed that she could walk__far.A /B suchC thatD as6２. The statistics __ that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times.A provesB is provingC are provingD prove63. There are only ten apples left in the baskets, __ the spoilt ones.A not countingB not to countC don’t countD having not counted64. It was __ we had hopedA more a success thanB a success more thanC as much of a success asD a success as much as65. There used to be a petrol station near the park, __A didn’t itB doesn’t thereC usedn’t itD didn’t there66. It is an offence to show __ against people of different races.A distinctionB differenceC separationD discrimination67. A great amount of work has gone into __ the Cathedral to its previous splendour.A refreshingB restoringC renovatingD renewing68. The thieves fled with the local police close on their __.A backsB necksC toesD heels69. The economic recession has meant that job__ is a rare thing.A securityB safetyC protectionD secureness70. Many people nowadays save money to __ for their old age.A caterB supplyC provideD equip71. The tone of the article __ the writer’s mood at the time.A reproducedB reflectedC imaginedD imitated72. This is not the right __ to ask for my help; I am far too busy even to listen!A.momentB.situationC.opportunityD.circumstance73. The job of a student accommodation officer__ a great many visits to landladies.A concernsB offersC asksD involves74. Our family doctor’s clinic __at the junction o f two busy roads.A restsB standsC staysD seats75. She was so fat that she could only just __ through the door.A assembleB appearC squeezeD gather76. After the heavy rain, a builder was called to repair the roof, which was __.A leakingB tricklingC drippingD floating77. The reception was attended by __ members of the local community.A excellentB conspicuousC prominentD noticeable78. Share prices on the Stock Exchange plunged sharply in the morning but __slightly in the afternoon.A regainedB recoveredC restoredD revived79. His brain has worked away on the idea of a universal cure.A richB quickC productiveD fertile80. The couple has donated a not__ amount of money to the foundation.A inconsiderableB inconsiderateC inaccurateD incomparablePART Ⅴ READING COMPREHENSIONTEXT AIn the case of mobile phones, change is everything. Recent research indicates that the mobile phone is changing not only our culture, but our very bodies as well.First. Let’s talk about culture. The dif ference between the mobile phone and its parent, the fixed-line phone, is that a mobile number corresponds to a person, while a landline goes to a place.If you call my mobile, you get me. If you call my fixed-line phone, you get whoever answers it.This has several implications. The most common one, however, and perhaps the thing that has changed our culture forever, is the “meeting” influence. People no longer need to make firm plans about when and where to meet. Twenty years ago, a Friday night would need to be arranged in advance. You needed enough time to allow everyone to get from their place of work to the first meeting place. Now, however, a night out can be arranged on the run. It is no longer “see you there at 8”, but “text me around 8 and we’ll see where we all are”.Texting changes people as well. In their paper, “insights into the Social and Psychological Effects of SMS Text Messaging”, two British researchers distinguished between two types of mobile phone users: the “talkers” and the “texters”-those who prefer voice to text message and those who prefer text to voice.They found that the mobile phone’s individuality and privacy gave texters the ability to express a whole new outer personality. Texters were likely to report that their family would be surprised if they were to read their texts. This suggests that texting allowed texters to present a self-image that differed from the one familiar to those who knew them well.Another scientist wrote of the changes that mobiles have brought to body language. There are two kinds that people use while speaking on the phone. There is the “speakeasy”: the head is held high, in a self-confident way, chatting away. And there is the “spacemaker”: these people focus on themselves and keep out other people.Who can blame them Phone meetings get cancelled or reformed and camera-phones intrude on people’s privacy. So, it is understandable if your mobile makes you nervous. But perhaps you needn’t worry so much. After all, it is good to talk.81 when people plan to meet nowadays, theyA: arrange the meeting place beforehandB. postpone fixing the place till last minuteC: seldom care about when and where to meetD: still love to work out detailed meeting plans.82 According to the two British researchers, the social and psychological effect are mostly likely to be seen onA: TALKERSB; the "speakeasy"c. the “spacemaker”D. texters83 We can infer from the passage that the texts sent by texters areA: quite revealingB: well writtenc: unacceptable by othersd; shocking to others84 according to the passage ,who is afraid of being heard while talking on the mobile a: talkersb: the speakeasyc :the spacemakerd: texters85 an appropriate title for the passage might beA: the SMS effectb: cultural implication of mobile usec: change in the use of the mobiled: body language and the mobile phone!TEXT BOver the last 25 years, British society has changed a great deal-or at least many parts of it have. In some ways, however, very little has changed, particularly where attitudes are concerned. Ideas about social class-whether a person is “working-class” or “middle-class”-are one area in which changes have been extremely slow.In the past, the working-class tended to be paid less than middle-class people, such as teac hers and doctors. As a result of this and also of the fact that workers’ jobs were generally much less secure, distinct differences in life-styles and attitudes came into existence. The typical working man would collect his wages on Friday evening and then, it was widely believed, having given his wife her “housekeeping”, would go out and squander the rest on beer and betting.The stereotype of what a middle-class man did with his money was perhaps nearer the truth. He was-and still is – inclined to take a longer-term view. Not only did he regard buying a house as a top priority, but he also considered the education of his children as extermely important. Both of these provided him and his family with security. Only in very few cases did workers have the opportunity (or the education and training) to make such long-term plans.Nowadays, a great deal has changed. In a large number of cases factory workers earn as much, if not more, than their middle-class supervisors. Social security and laws to improve job-security,combined with a general rise in the standard of living since the mid-fifties of the 20th century, have made it less necessary than before to worry about “tomorrow”. Working-class people seem slowly to be losing the feelingof inferiority they had in the past. In fact there has been a growing tendency in the past few years for the middle-classes to feel slightly ashamed of their position.The changes in both life-styles and attitudes are probably most easily seen amongst younger people. They generally tend to share very similar tastes in music and clothes, they spend their money in having a good time, and save for holidays or longer-term plans when necessary. There seems to be much less difference than in previous generations. Nevertheless, we still have a wide gap between the well-paid (whatever the type of job they may have) and the low-paid. As long as this gap exists, there will always be a possibility that new conflicts and jealousies will emerge, or rather that the old conflicts will re-appear, but between different groups.86, which of the following is seen as the cause of class differences in the past?A: Life style and occupationB: Attitude and incomeC:Income and job securityD: Job security and hobbies87 the writer seems to suggest that the description of ＿＿ is closer to truth?A: middle –class ways of spending moneyB: working-class ways of spending the weekendC: working-class drinking habitsD: middle-class attitudes88 According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a typical feature of the middle -class?A: Desiring for securityB: Making long-term plansC: Having priorities in lifeD: Saving money89 Working-class people's sense of security increased as a resulf of all the follwoing factors EXCEPTA:better social securityB: more job opportunitiesC: higher living standardD: better legal protection.90.Which of the following statements is INCORRECTA:Changes are slowly taking place in all sectors of the British society.B:The gap between working -class and middle- class young people is narrowing.C: Differences in income will remain but those in occupation will disappear.D: Middle-class people may sometimes feel inferior to working-class people.TEXT CFor several days I saw little of Mr. Rochester. In the morning he seemed much occupied with business, and in the afternoon gentlemen from the neighourhood called and sometimes stayed to dine with him. When his foot was well enough, he rode out a great deal.During this time, all my knowledge of him was limited to occasional meetings about the house, when he would sometimes pass me coldly, and sometimes bow and smile. His changes of manner did not offend me, because I saw that I had nothing to do with the cause of them.One evening, several days later, I was invited to talk to Mr. Rochester after dinner. He was sitting in his armchair, and looked not quite so severe, and much less gloomy. There was a smile on his lips, and his eyes were bright, probably with wine. As I was looking at him, he suddenly turned, and asked me, “do you think I’m handsome, Miss Eyre”The answer somehow slipped from my tongue before I realized it: ‘No, sir.”“Ah, you really are unusual! You are a quiet, serious little person, but you can be almost rude.”“Sir, I’m sorry. I should have said that beauty doesn’t matter, or something like that,”“N o, you shouldn’t! I see, you criticize my appearance, and then you stab me in the back! You have honesty and feeling. There are not many girls like you. But perhaps I go too fast. Perhaps you have awful faults to counterbalance your few good points.”I thought to myself that he might have too. He seemed to read my mind, and said quickly,“Y es, you’re right. I have plenty of faults. I went the wrong way when I was twenty-one, and have never found the right path again. I might have been very different.I might have been as good as you, and perhaps wiser. I am not a bad man, take my word for it, but I have done wrong. It wasn’t my character, but circumstances which were to blame. Why do I tell you all thisBecause you’re the sort of person people tell their problems and secrets to, because you’re sympathetic and give them hope.”It seemed he had quite a lot to talk to me. He didn’t seem to like to finish the talk quickly, as was the case for the first time.“Don’t be afraid of me, Miss Eyre.” He continued. “ you don’t relax or laugh very much, perhaps because of the effect Lowood school has had on you. But in time you will be more natural with me, and laugh, and speak freely. You’re like a bird in a cage. When you get out of the cage, you’ll fly very high. Good night.”91:At the beginning Miss Eyre 's impressions of Mr.Rochester were all EXCEPTA.busy B:sociable C: friendly D: changeable92,In "....and all my knowledge of him was limited to occasional meetings about the house,…”(the second paragraph),the word “about” meansA:around B:on C:outside D:concerning.93. why did Mr.Rochester say" ..and the you stab me in the back!" (the 7th paragraph).A: Because Jane had intended to kill him with a knife.B: Because Jane had intended to be more critical.C: Because Jane had regretted having talked to him.D:Because Jane had said something else to correct herself.94, From what Mr.Rochest told miss Eyre,we can conclude that he wanted toA: tell her all his troubles.B: tell her his life experience.C:change her opinion of him.D change his circumstances.95. At the end of the passage , Mr. Rochester soundedA:rude B: cold C: friendly D: encouraging.TEXTDThe ideal companion machine-the computer- would not only look, feel, and sound friendly but would also be programmed to behave in a pleasant manner. Those qualities that make interaction with other people enjoyable would be imitated as closely as possible, and the machine would appear to be charming, and easygoing.Its informal conversational style would make interaction comfortable, and yet the machine would remain slightly unpredictable and therefore interesting. In its first encounter it might be somewhat hesitant, but as it came to know the user it would progress to a more relaxed and intimate style. The machine would not be a passive participant but would add its own suggestions, information, and opinions; it would sometimes take the initiative in developing or changing the topic and would have a personality of its own.Friendships are not made in a day, and the computer would be more acceptable as a friend if it imitated the gradual changes that occur when one person is getting to know another. At an appropriate time it might also express the kind of affection that stimulates attachment and intimacy. The whole process would be accomplished in a subtle way to avoid giving an impression of over-familiarity that would be likely to produce irritation. After experiencing a wealth of powerful, well-timed friendship indicators, the user would be very likely to accept the computer as far more than a machine and might well come to regard it as a friend.An artificial relationship of this type would provide many of the benefits that people obtain from interpersonal friendships. The machine would participate in interesting conversation that could continue from previous discussions. It would have a familiarity with the user’s life as revealed in earlier contact, and it would be understanding and good-humored. The c omputer’s own personality would be lively and impressive, and it would develop in response to that of the user. With features such as these, the machine might indeed become a very attractive social partner. 96.which of the following is NOT a feature of the ideal companion machine?A:Active in communicationB: Attractive in personality.C: enjoyable in performance.D: unpredictable in behaviour97. the computer would develop friendships with humans in a (n) ---------way.A: quickB: unpredictableC: productiveD: inconspicuous.98.which of the following aspects is NOT mentioned when the passage discusses the benefits of artificial relationships?A:Being able to pick up an interesting conversation.B: Being sensitive to earlier contact.C: Being ready to learn about the person's life.D:Having a pleasant and adaptable personality.99Throughout the passage,the author is _____in his attitude towards the computer A:favourableB:criticalC: vagueD: hesitant100. which mgiht be the most appropriate title of the passage?A:Articial relationshios .B: How to form intimate relationshipsC:The affectionate machineD: Humans and computersPART Ⅵ WRITINGSECTION A COMPOSITIONRecently a Beijing information company did a survey of student life among more than 700 students in Beijing, Guangzhou ,Xi 'an Chengdu , Shanghai , Wuhan,Nanjing ,and Shenyang . The results have shown that 67 percent of students think that saving money is a good habit while the rest believe that using tomorrow's money tody is better. What do you think?Write on answer sheet two a compositions of about 200 words.You are to write in three parts.In the first part, state specifically what you opinion isIn the second part, support your opinion with appropriate details.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.You should supply an appropriate title for you composition.Marks will be awarded for content, organization ,grammar and apporpriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.SECTION B NOTE-WRITINGWrite on answer sheet two a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation:。

2006年研究生入学考试政治试题答案及解析一、单项选择题：1～16小题，每小题1分，共16分。

1. 世界上惟一不变的是变。

这一论断的含义是A. 变是世界的本原B. 世界上只有变，没有不变C. 变是绝对的，不变是相对的D. 变与不变是绝对对立的【答案】 C【解析】本题考查的知识点是对唯物辩证法关于发展、变化的理解和确认。

世界上没有永恒存在着的事物，一切事物都是运动、变化和发展的。

一切事物都有其产生、发展和转化为其他事物的历史，一切事物都有它的过去、现在和未来。

因此，在辩证法看来，一切事物都处在发生、发展和灭亡的过程中，凡是在历史上产生的都要在历史上灭亡，任何事物都不可能永恒地存在。

整个物质世界就是永恒发展变化着的世界。

换句话说，世界上唯一不变的是变化，即“变是绝对的，不变是相对的”。

据此分析题中给出的四个选项：A项明显是错误的，因为世界的本质是物质，变化只是世界存在的状态，而不是世界的本质；B项和D项谈的是对变化的理解，但是都犯了形而上学的错误，这样将A、B、D三项排除，只有C项才是正确选项。

2. “只有音乐才能激起人的音乐感；对于没有音乐感的耳朵说来，最美的音乐也毫无意义”。

这表明A. 人的认识是主体与客体相互作用的过程和结果B. 人的感觉能力决定认识的产生和发展C. 人的认识能力是由人的生理结构决定的D. 事物因人的感觉而存在【答案】 A【解析】本题是一道事实辨析选择题，考查的知识点是对认识的本质、主体在认识中的作用的理解和把握。

认识是主体对客体的反映，任何认识都是主体在与客体的相互作用中对客体的反映，而主体对客体的反映是一个能动的创造性的过程。

认识是主体和客体相互作用的过程和结果，既有客体对主体的作用，更有主体对客体的作用。

主体人是具有复杂结构和进行活动的社会性的人，它在反映客体的过程中，必然会动用其内部结构的所有功能，对所反映对象的内容进行选择、整理、改造、解释、猜想等等。

因此，不仅能对客观对象进行直观的摹写，而且能对客观对象作出抽象和概括的反映；不仅能反映事物现在的样子，而且能反映它由于人的改造活动而可能成为的样子。

计算机一级考试六一．判断正误题：第1题（共25题，每题1.00分）：1．在Excel的输入中按End键，光标插入点会移到单元格末尾。

2．工作表中的列宽和行高是固定的。

3．使用"重复"按钮允许用户重复执行前17次执行的操作。

4．（Excel电子表格）Excel中要建立嵌入式图表，可以用"图表"菜单中的"建立新图表"命令。

5．（Excel电子表格）Excel中常用工具栏中的格式刷，不能复制数据，只能复制数据的格式。

6．"计算机辅助制造"的英文缩写是CAI。

7．在计算机中使用八进制和十六进制，是因它们占用的内存容量比二进制少，运算法则也比二进制简单。

8．严禁在计算机上玩各种游戏是预防病毒的有效措施之一。

9．微型机主机包括主存储器和CPU两部分。

10．在Windows中，"资源管理器"可以对系统资源进行管理。

11．在Windows桌面的任务栏中，显示的是所有已打开的窗口图标。

12．Windows的窗口是不可改变大小的。

13．在Word环境下,被删除了的一段文字，无法再恢复，只能重新输入。

14．创建的模板的文件名必须以"DOT"为扩展名。

15．在Word环境下，必须在页面模式下才能看到分栏排版的全部文档。

16．Word只能编辑文档，不能编辑图形。

17．在Word环境下，用户可以选择设置下列三种页眉和页脚：1）每页上的页眉和页脚相同；2）奇数页上一个页眉和页脚，偶数页上另一个页眉和页脚；3）每页上的页眉和页脚都不相同。

18．PowerPoint规定，对于任何一张幻灯片，都要在"动画效果列表"中选择一种动画方式，否则系统提示错误信息。

19．"插入声音"对话框中的"联机剪辑"的作用是连接到Web，可以得到更加丰富的图片和音乐等资源。

20．ISP是指Internet服务提供商。

《大学物理AII》作业No.06光的衍射参考答案《大学物理AII 》作业No.06光的衍射班级________学号________姓名_________成绩_______-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------****************************本章教学要求****************************1、理解惠更斯-菲涅耳原理以及如何用该原理解释光的衍射现象。

2、理解夫琅禾费衍射和菲涅耳衍射的区别，掌握用半波带法分析夫琅禾费单缝衍射条纹的产生，能计算明暗纹位置、能大致画出单缝衍射条纹的光强分布曲线；能分析衍射条纹角宽度的影响因素。

3、理解用振幅矢量叠加法求单缝衍射光强分布的原理。

4、掌握圆孔夫琅禾费衍射光强分布特征，理解瑞利判据以及光的衍射对光学仪器分辨率的影响。

5、理解光栅衍射形成明纹的条件，掌握用光栅方程计算主极大位置；理解光栅衍射条纹缺级条件，了解光栅光谱的形成以及光栅分辨本领的影响因素。

6、理解X 射线衍射的原理以及布拉格公式的意义，会用它计算晶体的晶格常数或X 射线的波长。

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------一、填空题1、当光通过尺寸可与（波长）相比拟的碍障物（缝或孔）时，其传播方向偏离直线进入障碍物阴影区，并且光强在空间呈现（非均匀分布）的现象称为衍射。

形成衍射的原因可用惠更斯-菲涅耳原理解释，即波阵面上各点都可以看成是（子波的波源），其后波场中各点波的强度由各子波在该点的（相干叠加）决定。

2、光源和接收屏距离障碍物有限远的衍射称为（菲涅尔衍射或近场衍射）；光源和接收屏距离障碍物无限远的衍射称为（夫琅禾费衍射）或者远场衍射。