电气专业英语翻译共55页文档

实用资料：电气工程专业课(电力类)翻译参考专业外语：Professional English电路（上） electrical circuit (I)电路（下） electrical circuit (II)金工实习 machinery practice电机（上） electrical machinery (I)电工实验与测试 electrical experiment & test电子综合实践 integrated electronic practice信号与系统 signal & system电子技术基础（模拟） fundamentals of electronic (analog)电磁场electromagnetic field电子技术实验 electronic experiment(I)电子辅助设计EDA Electronic Design Automatic(I)发电厂动力工程基础 Heat power engineering in generating plant企业管理 enterprise management电气主系统electrical system principle电力系统稳态/暂态分析 Steady-State/ Transient-State Analysis of Power System 电力系统继电保护 Power System Relaying Protection电力系统潮流计算机分析：Computer Analysis of Power Flow数字电子技术 Digital Electrical Technique微机原理 microcomputer principle电子技术基础（数字） fundamentals of electronic (digital)自动控制 automatic control theory电力系统分析 electric power system analysis电子技术基础实验electronic experiment(II)电气主系统课程设计 electrical system principle-course design电子辅助设计EDA Electronic Design Automatic(II)通信与计算机网络 communication & computer networks电力系统继电保护 electric power system relaying电力系统继电保护 Power System Protective Relaying电力系统远动技术electric power system remote protocol生产实习productive practice Technology继电保护课程设计 electric power system relaying-course design电力电子技术 power electronics电力电子技术基础：Fundamentals of Electronics Power Technology电力电子课程设计 Power electronics course design电力系统自动控制 electric power system control & automation高电压技术 High voltage engineering Technology变电站自动化 substation automation电力经济 electric power system economics电能质量控制 electric power quality control配电网自动化 distribution system automation电力系统新技术 new techniques on electric power system控制电机 electrical machine control调度自动化与能量管理 energy management & automation灵活交流输电系统 flexible AC transmission system计算机保护 computer protection电力系统电磁兼容 EMC in electric power system毕业实习graduation practice毕业设计graduation dissertation数字信号处理：Digital Signal Processing自动控制理论：Automatic Control Theory电气工程基础：Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering电磁场概论：Introduction to Electro-Magnetic Field计算机继电保护：Microcomputer-Based Relaying Protection电气设备的绝缘检测与故障诊断：Insulation Diagnostics and Troubl-Shooting for Electrical Installations电网规划：Power System Planning可编程控制器原理及应用：Principles of PLC (Programmable logic Controller) And Application电磁场数值计算：Numerical Computation of Electro-Magnetic Field电力系统继电保护：Relay Protection of Power System电力系统自动装置原理 The Principle of Electric Power System Automatic Equipment 电力通信系统及调度自动化：Power System Communication and Dispatching Automatic专业方向电气工程 Electrical Engineering电机与电器 Electric Machines and Electric Apparatus电力系统及其自动化 Power System and its Automation高电压与绝缘技术 High Voltage and Insulation Technology电力电子与电力传动 Power Electronics and Power Drives电工理论与新技术 Theory and New Technology of Electrical Engineering电子科学与技术 Electronics Science and Technology。

A priori knowledge 先验知识Actuator 执行器Ad hoc 尤其关于Addition 加Ambient 环境的Americana 美国志书Analog-to-digital converter ，模拟数字转换器Antenna 天线Arrangement 方案Automate 使自动化Averaging 求平均值Be subtracted from 减Binary 二进制的Bus network 总线网Carbon-filament lamp 碳丝灯泡Carrier frequency 载频Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection 载波监听，多址访问Cellular telephone 蜂窝式电话系统Circuit components 电路元件Circuit diagram 电路图Circuit parameters 电路参数Close-loop control 闭环控制Common media 公共媒体Common reference 参考点Conductance 电导Conductor 导体Consistently 稳定，协调Constant coefficient system 常系数系统Control installation 控制装置Convention 惯例Conventional 常见的Conversion 转换Correct 校正Corresponding to 相应的Crossbar switch 纵横切换器Differential input 差动输入Differentiation 微分Digital-to-analog converter 数字模拟转换器Dimensional 量纲的Direct-current circuit 直流电路Discrete-time system 离散时间系统Discrimination 分辨力鉴别力Displacement current 位移电流Distinction 区别Disturb 扰动Dummy 假的，假装的Dynamic behavior 动态行为Electric circuit 电路Electric energy 电能Electrical device 电气设备Electrical pressure transducer 压电传感器Electromotive force 电动势Electronic analog 电子模拟Encyclopedia 百科全书Energy converter 电能转换器Energy source 电源Ergonomic 人类工程学的Error 误差Excursion 偏差Existing value 实际值External characteristic 外特性Facsimile 传真Factor 系数，因率数Feedback 反馈Feedback component 反馈元件Frequency counter 频率计数器Frequency-domain 频域Function 功能Generator 发电机Graphic panel 图式仪表盘Heating appliance 电热器High definition television 高清电视Hybrid system 混合系统Ideal amplifier 理想放大器Immunity 不敏感性Income 输入Indicator 指示Inertia 惯性Inertia reference frame 惯性参考坐标系Infinite voltage gain 无穷大电压增益Initial voltage 初始电压Input quantity 输入量Integrated service digital network综合业务数据网Integration 积分Internal combustion engine 内燃机Interruption 阻断Intervention 介入Inverting amplifier 反相放大器Inverting terminal 反相端Linear vector space 线性向量空间Linearization 线性化Load characteristic 负载特性Load resistance 负载特性Logic level 逻辑电平Logistic 后勤的Lower limit on the integration 积分下限Low-order system 低阶系统Low-pass filter 低通滤波器Machine tool 机床Magnetic and electric field 电磁场Manual 手工Manufacturer’s data sheet 铭牌Mathematical operation 数字运算Measuring technique 测试技术Megohm 兆欧Metal-filament lamp 金属丝灯泡Metropolitan area network 城域网Microvolt 微伏Modern control theory 现代控制理论Multiplexer 多路切换器Multiplication 乘Negative-feedback signal 负反馈信号Noise 噪声Noninverting terminal 非反相端Nonlinear 非线性的Off-set 失常点Offset=bias 偏置On-line system 联机系统Ono-linear characteristics 非线性特性Open loop gain 开环增益Open-loop control 开环控制Operational amplifier 运算放大器Optimal control 最优控制Opto-isolator 观点耦合器Order 数量级Outset 开始Parallel digital signal 并行数字信号Pervasive 普遍性的Phase reversal 反相Phase-plane method 像平面方法Potentiometer 电位计Preset 预先装置Primary cell 原生电池Private networks 专业网络Public network 公用网络Radix-weighted 基数加权Rated 额定的Research and design 研发Resolution 分辨力Ring network 环形网Scaling 量程调整Schematic 纲要的Schmitt-trigger 施密特触发器Secondary cell 再生电池Self-(or mutual-) induction 自（互）感Self-acting 自动做Self-moving 自运动Servooperated null-balance potentiometer 伺服驱动零平衡电位差计Shaft encoder 转轴编码的Shunt connection 并联连接Signal conditioning 信号调理Signal conditioning 信号处理Simultaneous equations 联立方程Single-ended output 单端输出Sink 灌入Source 从出来Span 量程Specification 参数Square root extraction 开平方State variable method 状态变量方法Storage battery 蓄电池Strain gage 应变仪Strip chart 长条记录纸Substrate 底层基片Subtraction 减Synchros 感应同步器System buses 系统总线Telecommunication 远程通信Terminal voltage 端电压The dielectric 电介质Time-domain technique 时间域技术Time-invariant 定常的Time-varying parameter 时变参数Timing circuit 计时电路Token 令牌Topology 拓扑Transducer 传感器Transfer function 传递函数Transformer 变压器Triangular symbol 三角符号Uncertainty 不确定性Unidirectional current 单方向性电流Upgrade 升级Virtual 虚的Virtual ground 虚地Voltage drop 电压降Volt-ampere characteristics 伏安特性Wire 导线Zero adjustment 零位调整。

Loop system 环网系统Demagnetization 退磁，去磁Distribution system 配电系统Relay panel 继电器屏Trip circuit 跳闸电路Tertiary winding 第三绕组Switchboard 配电盘，开关屏Eddy current 涡流Instrument transducer 测量互感器Copper loss 铜损Oil-impregnated paper 油浸纸绝缘Iron loss 铁损Bare conductor 裸导线Leakage flux 漏磁通Reclosing 重合闸Autotransformer 自耦变压器Distribution dispatch center 配电调度中心Zero sequence current 零序电流Pulverizer 磨煤机Series (shunt) compensation 串（并）联补偿Drum 汽包，炉筒Restriking 电弧重燃Superheater 过热器Automatic oscillograph 自动录波仪Peak-load 峰荷Tidal current 潮流Prime grid substation 主网变电站Trip coil 跳闸线圈Reactive power` 无功功率Synchronous condenser 同步调相机Active power 有功功率Main and transfer busbar 单母线带旁路Shunt reactor 并联电抗器Feeder 馈电线Blackout 断电、停电Skin effect 集肤效应Extra-high voltage (EHV) 超高压Potential stress 电位应力(电场强度)Ultra-high voltage (UHV) 特高压Capacitor bank 电容器组Domestic load 民用电crusher 碎煤机Reserve capacity 备用容量pulverizer 磨煤机Fossil-fired power plant 火电厂baghouse 集尘室Combustion turbine 燃气轮机Stationary (moving) blade 固定（可动）叶片Right-of-way 线路走廊Shaft 转轴Rectifier 整流器Kinetic(potential) energy 动（势）能Inductive (Capacitive) 电感的(电容的) Pumped storage power station 抽水蓄能电站Reactance (impedance) 电抗（阻抗）Synchronous condenser 同步调相机Reactor 电抗器Light(boiling)-water reactor 轻（沸）水反应堆Reactive 电抗的，无功的Stator(rotor) 定（转）子Phase displacement (shift) 相移Armature 电枢Surge 冲击，过电压Salient-pole 凸极Retaining ring 护环Slip ring 滑环Carbon brush 炭刷Arc suppression coil 消弧线圈Short-circuit ratio 短路比Primary(backup) relaying 主(后备)继电保护Induction 感应Phase shifter 移相器Autotransformer 自藕变压器Power line carrier (PLC) 电力线载波（器）Bushing 套管Line trap 线路限波器Turn (turn ratio) 匝（匝比，变比）Uninterruptible power supply 不间断电源Power factor 功率因数Spot power price 实时电价Tap 分接头Time-of-use(tariff) 分时（电价）Recovery voltage 恢复电压XLPE(Cross Linked Polyethylene )交联聚乙烯（电缆）Arc reignition 电弧重燃Rms (root mean square) 均方根值Operation mechanism 操动机构RF (radio frequency) 射频Pneumatic(hydraulic) 气动（液压）Rpm (revolution per minute) 转/分Nameplate 铭牌LAN (local area network) 局域网Independent pole operation 分相操作LED (light emitting diode) 发光二极管Malfunction 失灵Single (dual, ring) bus 单（双，环形）母线Shield wire 避雷线IC (integrated circuit) 集成电路Creep distance 爬电距离FFT (fast Fourier transform) 快速傅立叶变换Silicon rubber 硅橡胶Telemeter 遥测Composite insulator 合成绝缘子Load shedding 甩负荷Converter (inverter) 换流器（逆变器）Lateral 支线Bus tie breaker 母联断路器Power-flow current 工频续流Protective relaying 继电保护sparkover 放电Transfer switching 倒闸操作Silicon carbide 碳化硅Outgoing (incoming) line 出（进）线Zinc oxide 氧化锌Phase Lead(lag) 相位超前（滞后）Withstand test 耐压试验Static var compensation (SVC) 静止无功补偿Dispatcher 调度员Flexible AC transmission system(FACTS) 灵活交流输电系统Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) 监控与数据采集EMC (electromagnetic compatibility) 电磁兼容ISO (international standardization organization) 国际标准化组织GIS (gas insulated substation, geographic information system) 气体绝缘变电站,地理信息系统IEC (international Electrotechnical Commission) 国际电工（技术）委员会IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers) 电气与电子工程师学会（美）IEE (Institution of Electrical Engineers) 电气工程师学会（英）scale 刻度，量程calibrate 校准rated 额定的terminal 接线端子fuse 保险丝，熔丝humidity 湿度resonance 谐振，共振moisture 潮湿，湿气analytical 解析的operation amplifier 运算放大器numerical 数字的amplitude modulation (AM) 调幅frequency-domain 频域frequency modulation (FM) 调频time-domain 时域binary 二进制operation amplifier 运算放大器octal 八进制active filter 有源滤波器decimal 十进制passive filter 无源滤波器hexadecimal 十六进制power system 电力系统impulse current 冲击电流power network 电力网络impulse flashover 冲击闪络insulation 绝缘inhomogenous field 不均匀场overvoltage 过电压insulation coordination 绝缘配合aging 老化internal discharge 内部放电alternating current 交流电lightning stroke 雷电波AC transmission system 交流输电系统lightning overvoltage 雷电过电压arc discharge 电弧放电loss angle （介质）损耗角attachment coefficient 附着系数magnetic field 磁场attenuation factor 衰减系数mean free path 平均自由行程anode (cathode) 阳极（阴极）mean molecular velocity 平均分子速度breakdown （电）击穿negative ions 负离子bubble breakdown 气泡击穿non-destructive testing 非破坏性试验cathode ray oscilloscope 阴极射线示波器non-uniform field 不均匀场cavity 空穴,腔partial discharge 局部放电corona 电晕peak reverse voltage 反向峰值电压composite insulation 组合绝缘photoelectric emission 光电发射critical breakdown voltage 临界击穿电压photon 光子Discharge 放电phase-to-phase voltage 线电压Dielectric 电介质,绝缘体polarity effect 极性效应dielectric constant 介质常数power capacitor 电力电容dielectric loss 介质损耗quasi-uniform field 稍不均匀场direct current 直流电radio interference 无线干扰divider ratio 分压器分压比rating of equipment 设备额定值grounding 接地routing testing 常规试验electric field 电场residual capacitance 残余电容electrochemical deterioration 电化学腐蚀shielding 屏蔽electron avalanche 电子崩short circuit testing 短路试验electronegative gas 电负性气体space charge 空间电荷epoxy resin 环氧树脂streamer breakdown 流注击穿expulsion gap 灭弧间隙surface breakdown 表面击穿field strength 场强sustained discharge 自持放电field stress 电场力switching overvoltage 操作过电压field distortion 场畸变thermal breakdown 热击穿field gradient 场梯度treeing 树枝放电field emission 场致发射uniform field 均匀场flashover 闪络wave front(tail) 波头（尾）gaseous insulation 气体绝缘withstand voltage 耐受电压Prime mover 原动机Power factor 功率因数Torque 力矩Distribution automation system 配电网自动化系统Servomechanism 伺服系统Automatic meter reading 自动抄表Boiler 锅炉Armature 电枢Internal combustion engine 内燃机Brush 电刷Deenergize 断电Commutator 换向器Underground cable 地下电缆Counter emf 反电势Loop system 环网系统 Demagnetization 退磁，去磁Distribution system 配电系统 Relay panel 继电器屏Trip circuit 跳闸电路 Tertiary winding 第三绕组Switchboard 配电盘，开关屏 Eddy current 涡流Instrument transducer 测量互感器 Copper loss 铜损Oil-impregnated paper 油浸纸绝缘 Iron loss 铁损Bare conductor 裸导线 Leakage flux 漏磁通Reclosing 重合闸 Autotransformer 自耦变压器Distribution dispatch center 配电调度中心 Zero sequence current 零序电流Pulverizer 磨煤机 Series (shunt) compensation 串（并）联补偿Drum 汽包，炉筒 Restriking 电弧重燃Superheater 过热器 Automatic oscillograph 自动录波仪Peak-load 峰荷 Tidal current 潮流Prime grid substation 主网变电站 Trip coil 跳闸线圈Reactive power` 无功功率 Synchronous condenser 同步调相机Active power 有功功率 Main and transfer busbar 单母线带旁路Shunt reactor 并联电抗器 Feeder 馈电线Blackout 断电、停电 Skin effect 集肤效应Extra-high voltage (EHV) 超高压 Potential stress 电位应力(电场强度) Ultra-high voltage (UHV) 特高压 Capacitor bank 电容器组Domestic load 民用电 crusher 碎煤机Reserve capacity 备用容量 pulverizer 磨煤机Fossil-fired power plant 火电厂 baghouse 集尘室Combustion turbine 燃气轮机 Stationary (moving) blade 固定（可动）叶片Right-of-way 线路走廊 Shaft 转轴Rectifier 整流器 Kinetic(potential) energy 动（势）能Inductive (Capacitive) 电感的(电容的) Pumped storage power station 抽水蓄能电站Reactance (impedance) 电抗（阻抗） Synchronous condenser 同步调相机Reactor 电抗器 Light(boiling)-water reactor 轻（沸）水反应堆Reactive 电抗的，无功的 Stator(rotor) 定（转）子Phase displacement (shift) 相移 Armature 电枢Surge 冲击，过电压 Salient-pole 凸极Retaining ring 护环 Slip ring 滑环Carbon brush 炭刷 Arc suppression coil 消弧线圈Short-circuit ratio 短路比 Primary(backup) relaying 主(后备)继电保护Induction 感应 Phase shifter 移相器Autotransformer 自藕变压器 Power line carrier (PLC) 电力线载波（器）Bushing 套管 Line trap 线路限波器Turn (turn ratio) 匝（匝比，变比） Uninterruptible power supply 不间断电源Power factor 功率因数 Spot power price 实时电价Tap 分接头 Time-of-use(tariff) 分时（电价）Recovery voltage 恢复电压 XLPE(Cross Linked Polyethylene )交联聚乙烯（电缆）Arc reignition 电弧重燃 Rms (root mean square) 均方根值Operation mechanism 操动机构 RF (radio frequency) 射频Pneumatic(hydraulic) 气动（液压） Rpm (revolution per minute) 转/分Nameplate 铭牌 LAN (local area network) 局域网Independent pole operation 分相操作 LED (light emitting diode) 发光二极管Malfunction 失灵 Single (dual, ring) bus 单（双，环形）母线Shield wire 避雷线 IC (integrated circuit) 集成电路Creep distance 爬电距离 FFT (fast Fourier transform) 快速傅立叶变换Silicon rubber 硅橡胶 Telemeter 遥测Composite insulator 合成绝缘子 Load shedding 甩负荷Converter (inverter) 换流器（逆变器） Lateral 支线Bus tie breaker 母联断路器 Power-flow current 工频续流Protective relaying 继电保护 sparkover 放电Transfer switching 倒闸操作 Silicon carbide 碳化硅Outgoing (incoming) line 出（进）线 Zinc oxide 氧化锌Phase Lead(lag) 相位超前（滞后） Withstand test 耐压试验Static var compensation (SVC) 静止无功补偿 Dispatcher 调度员Flexible AC transmission system(FACTS) 灵活交流输电系统Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) 监控与数据采集EMC (electromagnetic compatibility) 电磁兼容ISO (international standardization organization) 国际标准化组织GIS (gas insulated substation, geographic information system) 气体绝缘变电站,地理信息系统IEC (international Electrotechnical Commission) 国际电工（技术）委员会IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers) 电气与电子工程师学会（美）IEE (Institution of Electrical Engineers) 电气工程师学会（英）scale 刻度，量程 calibrate 校准rated 额定的 terminal 接线端子fuse 保险丝，熔丝 humidity 湿度resonance 谐振，共振 moisture 潮湿，湿气analytical 解析的 operation amplifier 运算放大器numerical 数字的 amplitude modulation (AM) 调幅frequency-domain 频域 frequency modulation (FM) 调频time-domain 时域 binary 二进制operation amplifier 运算放大器 octal 八进制active filter 有源滤波器 decimal 十进制passive filter 无源滤波器 hexadecimal 十六进制。

电气自动化专业英语全文翻译第一部分:电子技术第一章电子测量仪表电子技术人员使用许多不同类型的测量仪器.一些工作需要精确测量面另一些工作只需粗略估计rough estimates.有些仪器被使用be used to仅仅solely是确定线路是否完整.最常用的测量测试仪表有:电压测试仪voltage testers,电压表voltmeters,欧姆表ammeters, ohmmeters 连续性测试仪continuity testers,兆欧表megohmmeters,瓦特表wattmeters还有瓦特小时表所有测量电值的表基本上都是电流表. 他们测量或是比较通过他们的电流值. 这些仪表可以被校准calibrate并且设计了不同的量程scale,以便to读出期望的数值.1.1 安全预防safety precaution仪表的正确连接对于使用者的安全预防和仪表的正确维护是非常重要的. 仪表的结构construction和操作的基本知识能帮助使用者按安全工作程序safe working order来对他们正确连接和维护.许多仪表被设计的只能用于直流或只能用于交流,而其它的则可交替使用interchangeably.注意:每种仪表只能用来测量符合设计要求的电流类型. 如果用在不正确的电流类型中可能对仪表有危险并且可能对使用者引起伤害.许多仪表被设计成are constructed to只能测量很低的数值,还有些能测量非常大的数值.警告: 仪表不允许超过它的额定rated最大值maximum limit. 不允许被测的实际数值超过exceed仪表最大允许值的要求再强调也不过分overemphasized.超过最大值对指针indicating needle有伤害,有害于interfere正确校准proper calibration,并且在某种情况下and in some instances 能引起仪表爆炸explode造成result in对作用者的伤害.许多仪表装备了are equippedwith过载保护over correct protection.然而,通常情况下电流大于仪表设计的限定仍然是危险的hazardous.1.2 基本仪表的结构和操作许多仪表是根据电磁相互作用electromagnetic interaction的原理动作的.这种相互作用是通过流过导体的电流引起的(导体放置在永久磁铁permanent magnet的磁极poles之间) .这种类型的仪表专门适合于is suit for直流电direct current.不管什么时候电流流过导体, 磁力magnetic force总会围绕导体形成is developed. 磁力是由在永久磁铁力的作用下起反应react的电流引起.这就引起指针的移动.导体可以制成线圈coil,放置在永久磁铁磁极之间的枢钮(pivot 中心)上.线圈通过两个螺旋型spiral弹簧springs连在仪器的端子上.这些弹簧提供了与偏差成正比proportional的恢复力deflection.当没有电流通过时,弹簧使指针回复到零.表的量程被设计来指明被测量的电流值.线圈的移动(或者是指针的偏移)与线圈的电流值成正比.如果必须要测量一个大于线圈能安全负载的电流,仪表要包含旁路bypass circuit 或者分流器shunt.分流器被容纳在仪表盒内或者连接到外部.例子一个仪表被设计成最大量程scale是10A.线圈能安全负载0.001A,那分流器必须被设计成能负载9.999A.当时.001A 流过线圈时指针指示10A.图1.1(A)说明了一个永久磁铁类型仪表.图1.1(B)显示了一个外部分流器连接到仪表端子上. 永久磁铁类型仪表可以被用作安培表或者电压表. 当量程被设计成指示电流并且内阻internal resistance保持最小时, 这个表可以作为安培表用. 当量程被设计成指示电压, 内阻相对relatively高一些时, 这个表可以用来测量电压值.注意:不管如何设计,指针移动的距离取决于线圈的电流值.为了让这类表用在交流电中,在设计时必须作微小的改动.整流器rectifier可以把交流变成直流电. 整流器合并incorporate进仪表中并且量程要指示出正确的交流电压值. 整流器类型的仪表不能用于直流电中并且它一般被设计成电压表.如图1.2,电测力计electrodynamometer是另一种能用于交流电alternating current的既能作安培表也能作电压表的仪器.它由两个固定线圈stationary coils和一个移动线圈movable coil构成consist of. 这三个线圈通过两个螺旋型spiral弹簧串联in series with在一起. 这个弹簧支撑住移动线圈.当电流流行性过线圈时移动线圈顺时针方向in clockwise direction移动.电测力计因为属永久磁铁型仪表it is in permanent magnet-type meters, 量程不是均匀分布的the scale is not divided uniformly. 作用在动线圈上的力根据流过该线圈的电流平方the square of the current flowing through the coil来变化vary with.有必要在量程开始比量程结束分割的密一点.分割点之间距离越大, 仪表的读数越精确.争取strive for 精确的读值an accurate reading是重要的.移动叶片moving-vane结构是仪表的另一种类型.电流流过线圈引起cause两个铁片iron stripes(叶片)磁化to become magnetized.一个叶片是可动的,另一个是固定的sationary.在两个叶片间的磁的作用引起可动叶片扭转turn.移动的数值取决于线圈的电流值.警告:所有描述的取决于磁力作用的仪器,都不要放置在另一个磁性物质附近.它的磁力可能对引起仪表故障或者导致测量值不准确.1.3 测量仪器的使用电压表a voltmeter是设计来is designed to测量measure电路applied a current的电压electrical pressure或者通过元器件across a component的压降voltage drop. 电压表必须与被测量的电路或元器件并联in parallel with.1.3.1 压力检验计(电压检测计)交-直流电压检验计是一种相当粗糙crude但对电工electrician来说很有用的仪器.这种仪器指示电压的近似值.更常见类型指示的电压值如下:AC,110,220,440,550V,DC,125,250,600V. 许多这种仪器也指示indicate直流电的极性polarity.那就是说(i.e=that is)电路中的导体是阳性positively(正)的还是阴性negatively(负) .电压检验计通常用来检验check公共电压common voltages,识别identify接地导体grounded conductor,检查to check for被炸毁的保险丝blown fuses,区分distinguish AC 和DC. 电压检验计很小很坚固rugged,比一般的电压表average voltmeter容易携带和保存.图1.31.4 描述了depict用电压检验计检查保险丝的用法methods.为了确定电路或系统中的导体接地, 把测试仪连接在导体和已建立的地之间. 如果测试仪指示了一个电压值,导体没有接地.对每一个导体重复这个步骤continue this procedure直到until零电压zero voltage出现is indicated(见图1.5) .为了确定任意两个导体间的近似电压值,把测试仪连接在导体之间.警告:要认真读并遵守电压检验计提供supplied的说明书instructions.1.3.2 电压表电压表比电压检验计测量更精确. 因为电压表与被测量的电路或元件并联, 必须有相对高一点的电阻. 内阻要保证通过仪表的电流最小. 流过仪表的电流越小, 对电路特性electrical characteristics的影响effect越小.仪表的灵敏度sensitivity用符号O/V 表示is stated.这个数值越高仪表的质量越好.高灵敏度可使电路特性的改变减到最小.电工使用的仪表精确度在95%到98%之间.这个精确度范围对大多数应用是满意的.然而, 电力工作者力求strive to obtain最精确的可能读数是重要的. 一个精确读数可以在仪表盘上显示standing directly in front of the meter face也可以直接读出来.如果在指针后面有镜子,调整视线的角度直到指针在镜子中看不到映象.如要更精确可以使用数字表.电压表有与电压检验计同样的应用. 电压表比电压检验计更精确. 因而, 也支持更多的应用. 例如,如果一个建筑物的供电电压低于正常值slightly below normal,电压表能指示出这个问题.电压表也用来确定馈电线on feeder和支线电路导体branch circuit conductors的压降值voltage drop.电压表有时有不只一个量程. 选择一个能更精确测量的量程很重要. 选择器开关范围达到这个目的.注意:开始用一个适当的高一点的量程,然后逐渐降低到在限定范围之内的最低量程.设定选择器开关在可用的最低量程上能使读数达到最精确.使用仪表之前,要检查仪表确保指针指在零上.在仪表盘下面有一个调整螺钉an adjustment screw.一个轻微的扭动就能使指针偏移.扭转调整螺钉使指针对准零线.当在DC 中使用电压表时,保持maintain正确proper的极性是很重要的.大多数的直流电源和仪表都用颜色标记color coded极性polarity.红色指示阳极,黑色指示阴极.如果电路和元件的极性未知,触一下端子的导线leads观察observing指针indicating needle.如果指针犹豫着试图attempts to摆动,仪表导线连接就要颠倒一下be reversed.警告:不要让仪表连接反的极性polarity reversed.1.3.3 安培表安培表是用来测量电路或部分电路的电流数量的. 他与被测电路元件串联连接. 仪表的电阻必须非常低这样不会影响restrict流过电路的电流. 当测量很灵敏的设备的电流, 安培表电流的轻微改变可能会引起设备的故障.安培表象电压表一样, 也有一个调零的调整螺钉. 许多仪表也有镜子帮助assist使用者保证读数精确in obtaining an accurate reading.安培表常用来找出过载或者开路.他们也用来平衡线路的负荷loads on multiwire circuits 和确定故障位置malfunctions.安培表总是与被测电路或元件串联连接.如果使用在DC 下要检查极性.图 1.6(A)显示了安培表测量电路的电流.图 1.6(B)显示的是AC 安培表.Chap2 固体功率器件的基本原理2.1 引言(绪论) 本章将集中讨论固态功率器件或功率半导体器件,并且只研究它们在采用相控(电压控制) 或频率控制(速度控制)的三相交流鼠笼式感应电机的功率电路中的应用.2.2 固态功率器件有五种用于固体交流电机控制中的功率元器件: (1) 二极管(2) 晶闸管(例如:可控硅整流器SCR) (3) 电子晶体管(4) 门极可关断晶闸管(GTO) (5) 双向可控硅晶闸管SCR 和双向可控硅一般用于相位控制(相控) .各种二极管,晶闸管SCR,电子晶体管,门极可关断晶闸管的联合体用于频控.这些器件的共性是:利用硅晶体形成的薄片构成P-N 结的各种组合.对二极管,SCR, GTO 一般P 结叫正极N 结叫负极;相应的电子晶体管叫集电极和发射极.这些器件的区别在于导通和关断的方法及电流和电压的容量. 让我们根据他们的参数简单看一下这些元器件. 2.2.1 二极管图 2.1 显示了一个二极管,左边部分显示的是在硅晶体中的一个PN 结,右边显示的是二极管的原理图符号. 当P 相对于N 是正时,由于节上有一个相当低的压降,前向电流开始流动.当极性相反时, 只有一个极小的反向漏电流流动.这些用图 2.2 阐明.前向电压通常大约有1V,不受电流额定值的影响. 二极管正向导通电流的额定值取决于其尺寸和设计, 而这二者是根据器件散热的要求来确定的,以保证器件不超过最大结温(通常为200C) . 反向击穿电压是二极管的另一个重要参数. 它的值更取决于二极管的内部设计而不是它的物理尺寸. 注意:一个二极管只有当加上正向电压时才会正向导通.它没有任何固有(内在的)的方法控制导通的电流和电压值. 二极管主要用在交流电路中作整流器,这意味着它们把AC 整流成DC,同时产生的直流电流和电压值没有固有的控制方法.单二极管可用额定值到4800A 和最大反向电压1200V, 2000A 最大反向电压4400V. 2.2.2 晶闸管图 2.3 显示了晶闸管(一般也叫可控硅)的PN 结排列和它的原理图符号.注意这不同的结从正到负是PNPN,还有一个门极连到了内部的P 层. 如果没有连门极,并且阳极加反向电压,从正极到负极就没有电流通过.这是因为内部P 结由于未通电而工作在阻断电路.这种情况对于正向阻断状态也是正确的.然而,当阳极是正的并且正信号作用到门上,则电流将从正极一直流向负极即使门极没有正信号. 换言之, 门极能打开晶闸管但不能关断它. 关断晶闸管的唯一方法是通过外部方式在正极强加上一个零电流. 因此在前向导通只能通过强加零电流停止方面, 晶闸管与二极管是相似的.然而,晶闸管与二极管在如何启动前向导通方面是不同的. (1)阳极是正(2)门时刻是正.这个特性暗指了术语"可控硅" . 图 2.4 阐明了晶闸管的稳态伏安特性.注意反向电压和反向泄漏电流的形状与二极管的很相似.反向电压导通时比二极管的高,通常有 1.4V.阻断状态也有一个极小的前向泄漏电流. 在二极管中,稳态电流值是由器件的性能和底座(散热器)散发的热量确定的.晶闸管的最大结温比二极管要低,大约在125C.这意味着在同样的额定电流下,加上 1.4V 的前向压降,晶闸管比二极管的前向压降大的多.单晶闸管可用额定值在最大反向电压2200V 超过2000A,在在最大反向电压4000V 超过1400A. 2.2.3 电子晶体管(电子管) 图2.5 列出了一个典型功率电子管的结排列,原理符号图和伏安特性.如果集电极为正, 除非在基电极和发射极间有电流才有电流从集电极到发射极. 与晶闸管比较, 只有在基极有电流时, 电子管没有从集电极到发射极的自锁电流. 基极开路, 集电极到发射极将阻断电流. 功率电子管与晶闸管在控制前向导通的启动时相似. 它与晶闸管不同的地方在于它能控制关断和交流电机频率控制所必需的换向. 注意伏安特性没有显示反向特性.一般的,一个反向分流二极管连在发射极和集电极之间, 以保护电子管受反向电压伤害.功率电子管的可用额定值是最高反向电压1000V400A. 2.2.4 门极可关断晶闸管GTO 图 2.6 显示了GTO 的原理符号.GTO 与晶闸管的相似处在于PNPN 结的排列和前向电流的操作.如果阳极是正的,导体的启动是通过作用在门上的正脉冲.然而硅片和结是利用特殊特性设计的,所以即使阳极保持正值,加到门上的强负电流作用迫使前向电流阻断.GTO 常用的瞬间额定值是PRV1200V2400A.2.2.5 双向可控硅图2.7 显示了双向可控硅的原理符号图.一个双向可控硅由一个特殊的晶闸管包(包含前向和反向晶闸管)组成,它的操作由一个门极控制.他们常用在调光器电路中或者作为继电器的开关, 这样截止态下很小的泄漏电流不会引起其它控制器的误操作. 随着增加电流容量可控硅的可用性使他们用于交流电机的相位控制中. 2.3 功率半导体容量功率器件在稳态交流电机马力范围大于600V 时如何用,用在哪里摘要显示在表 2.1 中. 马力额定值基于没有并联的器件. 2.4 功率半导体的物理特性在物理特性条件下,有三类最常用的功率半导体: (1)栓接式(2)薄片或冰球式(3)绝缘散热器类型.他们的共同特征是需要与其它器件有物理联系.这器件叫散热器,为了保持结温在设计值内把内部热量散发出去.散热器吸收结的热量通过散热片,轮片(螺旋桨叶片) 或者液体冷却剂发散出去.液体冷却剂几乎从不用于600V 级的固态交流电动机控制中,而且也不包含在我们的讨论中. 这三类功率半导体的不同在于它们如何安装, 他们如何与散热器连接. 2.4.1 栓接式螺纹部分可能是PN 结的一部分,或者是与有源电子部分电子绝缘.在任一种情况下,螺纹部分常常插入散热器的螺纹孔. 栓接式器件在小马力额定值下常用来作为直接功率控制器件, 在大马力额定值下常用来作为辅助保护器件.在后一种情况下,它们常直接安装在较大器件使用的散热器上,如冰球式设计. 2.4.2 冰球式器件典型冰球式功率器件可能是二极管, 可控硅或GTO. 尺寸范围直径从近似25MM 到100MM. 每一个平坦的面即不是P 也不是N 结.热传递和导电从这表面产生.冰球式器件典型安装是联接铝型材的散热器.特别的箝位电路,联接绝缘混合剂和扭矩扳手都是需要的,用来确定光热传递和电导率. 由于栓接式和冰球式器件的散热器都能传递电流, 他们必须与机械底托电子绝缘. 轮片能加到散热器上增加热量排放并且增大固定负荷状态的完成. 由于散热器能在同样电压水平下作为功率器件, 冰球式和栓接式的固态AC 电动机控制必须通过附件(外壳)供给.附件(外壳)必须有合适的通风口或热交换器使得热量能散发.它不会用在放在安全封套中的用法,例如象NEMA12 的密封盒或相似的外围物. 2.4.3 绝缘散热器件绝缘散热器功率器件可能是二极管,可控硅,GTO,三极管或双向可控硅.单个的包包含器件的联合体,在内部以线加固.区别的特征是术语"绝缘散热器" .有一个铝底盘在每个包下面.这个底板与功率器件之间是导热并绝缘的.结的大部分热量传给了铝盘.这个底板依次安装在第二个更大的散热底板上.这个更大的散热底板在对面有鳍状表面. 绝缘散热器的设计使它自己是个完全封闭的设计. 他们也有经过预包装的已经内部加固过的复合器件的优点. 他们的缺点是通过底部安装的底板散热的能力有限, 所以固定负荷状态必须小于开放的散热器—安装在冰球式器件上. 尽管如此, 绝缘散热器在一般应用和器件容量的使用上迅速增长. 在较高的左上角的排列是唯一的, 同样它联合了有所有封闭设计的绝缘散热器概念的冰球式的优点(例如,易替换,易互换) .它也被恰当的称为"开放块状"模式. 2.5 换流在深入的讨论实际的固态交流电机的控制之前, 将换流的概念和种类阐述清楚是必要的. 换流的不同类型指所有讨论的固态电动机控制. 换流是功率半导体器件中负载电流被截止或停止流动或转换到另一回路的过程. 有以下三种换流方式: (1)自然或线电压换流(2)负载换流和(3)强制换流. 2.5.1 自然或线换流图 2.8 显示了功率半导体电路把AC 转换成DC.这个列举chap 3 模拟电子3.1 介绍3.1.1 模拟和数字电子的对比我们已经研究了晶体管和二极管作为开关设备怎样处理被以数字形式描述的信息(数字信息) .数字电子象用电力控制开关那样使用晶体管: 晶体管被饱和或者切断.动态区域只是从一个状态到另一个状态的过渡. 对比起来, 模拟电子取决于晶体管和其他类型放大器的动态区域. 希腊词根"analog" 意味着" 以一定的比例" ,在这里表示信息被编码成与被描述的量(被表达量) 成正比的电信号. 在图 3.1 中我们的信息是某种音乐,是乐器的激励和回响自然发起(引起) .被传播出的声音在于空气分子的有规则的运动并且被最好作为声波理解. 在话筒(扩音器)的振动膜里的这些产生的运动,依次产生一个电信号.电信号的变化与声波成比例(在电信号方面的变化是声波的成比例表现) .电信号被通过电子放大,即利用输入放大器的交流电能将信号的功率放大. 放大器的输出驱动一个录音磁头并且在磁盘上产生波浪状的槽沟. 如果整个系统是好的,空气的一切声变将被记录在磁盘上,当记录被通过一个相似的系统播放时,信号通过一个扬声器作为声音能量再传播出来,结果原始音乐被如实的再现了. 基于模拟原则的电子系统形成一类重要的电子仪器. 收音机和电视的广播是模拟系统的典型例子,许多电子仪器也是模拟系统,它们的应用包括偏差检测(应变计量器) ,运动控制(测速机)和温度测量(热电耦) .许多电子仪器---电压表,欧姆表,安培表和示波器利用了模拟技术,至少部分利用了模拟技术. 在数字电子计算机被发展之前,模拟计算机一直使用.在模拟计算机中,微分方程里的未知量被用电信号来模拟. 这些信号被用电子的方法积分,比例变换和求和以获得方程的解,比起解析或数值运算的求解方法要容易一些. 3.1.2 本章的主要内容模拟技术广泛地运用频域的观点.我们首先扩大我们的频域的概念包括周期,非周期和随机信号. 我们将看到大多数模拟信号和过程可以被表示为频域. 我们将介绍频谱的概念, 也就是,用同时存在的很多频率来表达一个信号.带宽(频宽)(频谱的宽度) 在频域上将与时间域上的信息率有关. 频域的这个被阐述的概念也帮助我们区分线和非线性的模拟设备的影响. 线性电路被显示有"滤波器" 的能力而不需要频率组件.对比起来,新频率可以被象二极管和晶体管那样的非线性的设备产生.这种性能允许我们通过调幅和调频调制技术在频域上转换模拟信号, 这种调制技术已被公开广泛地使用公用和私人通信系统. 作为一个例子我们将描述一台调幅收音机的操作. 下面我们研究一下反馈的概念, 在模拟系统中通过反馈可以交换到象线性或者更宽的带宽那样合乎需要的质量. 如果没有反馈, 象音频放大器或者电视接收机那样的模拟系统最多提供了一个糟糕的性能. 理解反馈的好处可以提供正确评价模拟电子中运算放大器的很多用途的基础(提高对模拟电子中运算放大器的很多用途的认识) . 运算放大器(简写OP amps) 是模拟电路的基本组成部分,正如NOR 或非和NAND 与非门电路是数字电路的基本单元一样. 我们将介绍一些运算放大器一般应用, 以在模拟计算机里的他们的用途来结束. 3.2 运算放大器电路3.2.1 介绍(1) 运算放大器的重要性.运算放大器是一个在受负反馈控制的高增益的电子放大器,用来在模拟电路中完成很多运算功能.这样的放大器最初被发展完成运算,例如在模拟计算机里为微分方程的求解的积分和求和. 运算放大器的应用被增加了, 直到目前为止, 大多数模拟电子电路基于运算放大器技术.例如,你需要一个放大器获得10 倍的增益,便利, 可靠性, 费用考虑将确定使用一个运算放大器. 因此, 运算放大器形成模拟电路的基本构件, 正如NOR 或非和NAND 与非门电路是数字电路的基本单元一样. (2) 运算放大器模型典型的特性.典型的运算放大器是利用十多个晶体管,几个二极管和很多电阻器的一个复杂的晶体管放大器. 这样的放大器被在半导体芯片上批量生产并且售价少于 1 美元一个.这些部件是可靠,耐用的,并且在他们的电子特性接近理想. 图 3.2 显示一台运算放大器的基本特性和符号.有两个输入电压u+和u _ ,用大的电压增益差分放大, 通常达105 - 106. 输入电阻R 也很大, K -100 M 欧. 100 输出电阻Ro 很小, 10-100 欧. 放大器经常用正极(+ Ucc) 和负极(-Ucc) 电源提供直流电源. 对这个情况来说,输出电压在供电电压之间,- Ucc<Uo<+ Ucc. 有时一个电源接地( 即,"-Ucc" =0). 这样的话输出电压在0<Uo<+ Ucc 之间.电源连接很少被画进电路图,可以认为运算放大器和合适的电源连结起来.因此运算放大器接近一个理想的电压放大器,有高的输入电阻,低的输出抵抗和高的增益. 高增益通过使用强大的负反馈变为其他有用的特征.负反馈的全部好处被运算放大器电路利用了. 对那些早在这章里列举, 我们将为运算放大器电路还增加 3 个好处: 低扩张性, 便于设计,和简单的构造. (3) 这节的内容.我们首先分析两个普通运算放大器应用,反相和同相放大器.我们通过一个简单而有效对任何运算放大器电路使用的一种方法,推导出这些放大器的增益. 我们然后讨论有源滤波器.这是有(带了)增加了频率响应的电容器的运算放大器.然后我们简单讨论模拟计算机,以讨论运算放大器的一些非线性的应用来结束. 3.2.2 运算放大器(1) 反相放大器. 反相放大器,用图 3.3 显示,使用一个运算放大器和两个电阻. 运算放大器的输入是地(零信号) ; 负(-) 电源连接输入信号(通过Ri) 并且(通过RF) 反馈到输出信号.在下列讨论中容易混淆的是我们必须同时谈到两个放大器.运算放大器是在负反馈放大器里形成放大要素的一种放大器, 负反馈放大器包含运算放大器加上相关电阻. 为了减少混乱,我们保留术语" 放大器" 只用在反馈放大器的总体上.运算放大器绝不是一个放大器;而被叫为运算放大器.例如,如果我们对放大器提及输入电流,我们指通过R1 的电流,并非进运算放大器的电流. 我们在图里能求出 3.3 反相放大器的增益,通过求解基本的电路法则(KCL 和KVL) 或者通过试图把电路分成主要放大器和反馈系统模块.不过,我们将提出另一方法,这种方法基于运算放大器增益很高,接近无限.在如下内容里,我们将给一般的假设,这可提供给任何运算放大器电路;然后我们将把特定假设用于目前的电路.因此,我们将建立反相放大器的增益和输入电阻. (1) 我们假定输出表现良好不试图达到无限.因此我们假定负反馈使放大器稳定, 因此适度的输入电压产生适度的输出电压.如果电源是+ 10 和-10 V,例如,那些输出必须位于这些有限值之间. (2)因此,运算放大器的输入电压非常小,基本上零,因为它是输出电压除以运算放大器的大的电压增益U+-U _ =0 = 》U+= U _ 例如,如果lUol<10 V 并且A= l05, 然后我u+ u _ l<10 /lOs = 100 UV. 因此对任何运算放大器电路通常u + 和u _。

AAbnormal异常Accuracy精度ACSR = aluminum conductor steel reinforced钢芯钻铰线adjustment 调整adjustable range可调范围fine adjustment细调rough adjustment粗调air gap气隙alarm 报警alarm bell警铃alarming window报警窗口ampacity载流量ampere安培kilovolt ampere千伏安amperemeter安培表，电流表amplifier放大器announciator报警器anode阳极anti-corrosion防腐蚀anti-pumping device防跳装置AOL = aircraft obstruction lamp航空障碍灯low intensity AOL低光强航空障碍灯high intensity AOL高光强航空障碍灯AQR = automatic reactive power regulator自动无功功率调整器arcing chamber灭弧室armature电枢ASS = automatic synchronizing system 自动同期系统asynchronous 非同期non-asynchronous capability非同期能力Bballast镇流器ballast-factor镇流器系数ball eyes 球头挂环battery蓄电池Cd-Ni battery镉-镍蓄电池lead-acid battery铅-酸蓄电池maintenance free battery 免维护蓄电池battery capacity蓄电池容量battery rack电池架battery room蓄电池室end battery端电池BIL = basic insulation level绝缘基本冲击耐压水平blocking diode闭锁二极管box 盒，箱cast aluminum junction box铸铅接线盒cast Ferro alloy junction box铸铁合金接线盒junction box接线盒lead box出线箱maintenance box检修箱marshalling box(总配线箱)power supply box动力箱terminal box端子箱test box试验盒normal lighting box 工作照明箱breaker 断路器close the breaker 合断路器open the breaker打开断路器breaker compartment 断路小室PT circuit broken PT回路断线brush 刷graphite brush石墨碳刷brush holder刷握brush supporter刷架brushless excitation system无刷励磁系统bus 母线branch bus分支母线by-pass bus 旁母main bus 主母线bus tie母联flexible busbar 软母线hard busbar硬母线miniature busbar 小母线tubular busbar管型母线changeover busbars倒母线bushing 套管oil filled bushing充油套管seal-off bushing密封套管wall bushing穿墙套管bushing lead terminal套管端子button 钮子push button 按钮self-holding push-button 自保持按钮turn button旋钮buzzer蜂鸣器Ccabinet 柜control cabinet控制柜distribution cabinet 配电柜cable 电缆3 cores cable三芯电缆armoured cable铠装电缆coaxial cable同轴电缆control cable控制电缆copper wire braid shield cable铜编织线屏蔽电缆fiber-optical cable光纤电缆fire resistant cable耐火电缆flame retardant cable阻燃（难燃）电缆heat tracing cable伴热电缆heating cable加热电缆heating sensitive cable热敏电缆high voltage oil-filled cable高压充油电缆impregnated paper insulated cable油浸纸绝缘电缆lead covered cable铅皮电缆mineral insulated cable无机绝缘电缆overhead cable架空电缆power cable动力电缆signal cable信号电缆stranded copper cable铜铰线电缆telephone cable电话电缆triple-core cable 三芯电缆twin-core cable 两芯电缆unarmoured cable 非铠装电缆communication cable 通讯电缆single-core cable单芯电缆tag of cable 电缆标牌cable clip 电缆夹flexible cable conduit 电缆软管cable conduit 电缆管cable head 电缆头cable laying 电缆敷设cable laying & list 电缆敷设及清册cable mezzanine 电缆夹层cable raceway system 电缆通道系统cable rack 电缆支架cable shaft 电缆竖井cable support 电缆支架cable suspender 电缆吊架cable terminal 电缆终端头cable tray 电缆桥架cable trench 电缆沟cable tunnel电缆隧道cable vault 电缆夹层control cable with copper tape shield 铜带屏蔽的控制电缆call 呼叫call back 回叫call signal呼叫信号external calling 外部呼叫internal calling 内部呼叫calling 主叫detail calling record 呼叫详细记录candle power distribution curve 配光曲线capability 能力out-of-phase breaking capability 失步开断能力pressure relief capability 压力释放能力rated closing capability 额定关合能力short-line fault breaking capability近区故障开断能力transient overvoltage capability 暂态过电压能力capability of switching long no-load line 分合长空载线路能力capability of switching no-load transformer 分合空载变压器能力capacitance 电容adjustable capacitor 可变电容器shunt capacitor 并联电容器voltage sharing capacitor 均压电容器capacitor 电容器capacitor divider 电容分压器capacity 能量,容量current carrying capacity 载流能量spare capacity 备用容量cavity ratio 室腔比cell jar 电瓶chain link 挂环changeover 切换automatic changeover 自动切换star-delta changing device 星角切换装置charge 充电equalizing charge 均衡冲电float charge 浮充电fully charged 全充charger 充电器boost charging voltage 大充电压initial charging voltage 起始充电电压check phase order核对相序circuit 电路，回路auxiliary circuit 辅助回路follow-up circuit 跟踪回路main circuit 主电路short circuit plate 短路板spare circuit(feeder)备用回路series circuit 串联电路circuit breaker 断路器air circuit breaker 空气断路器bus tie circuit breaker 母联断路器by-pass bus circuit breaker 旁路断路器current-limiting circuit breaker 限流断路器earth leakage circuit breaker 漏电开关field circuit breaker 磁场开关oil circuit breaker 油断路器residual current circuit breaker 漏电开关sectionalized circuit breaker 分段断路器SF6 gas insulated circuit breaker 六氟化硫断路器frame-type circuit breaker 框架式断路器clamp 线夹strain clamp耐张线夹suspension clamp 悬垂线夹clearance 带电距离clip 线夹quick clip 快速线夹closing 合闸open phase closing of breaker 非全相合闸closing pulse 合闸脉冲coil 绕组arc-suppression coil 消弧线圈armature coil 电枢绕组holding coil 保持线圈redundant trip coil 双跳闸线圈reset coil 复归线圈shunt excitation coil 分励线圈trip coil 跳闸线圈combined 综合combined filter 综合滤波器combined starter 综合起动器commission 调试communication 通信communication building 通信楼communication line 通信线communication monitoring 通信监听dispatching communication system 调度通信系统intra-plant communication system 厂内通信系统wireline communication system 有线通信系统component 分量fundamental component 基波分量harmonic component 谐波分量conductor 导体high conductivity 高导电率composite conductor 组合导线flexible conductor 伸缩节flexible conductor 软导线conductor cross-section 导体截面conform to 符合connection 连接，接线double bus connection 双母线接线open-delta connection 开口三角形连接star connection 星形连接zigzag connection 曲折形连接1 and 1/2 circuit breaker connection 1个半断路器接线connection pin 连接端子connection plate 联接片double bus connection with bypass 双母线带旁路接线end connector 终端接头power connector 电源接头removable connector 可拆接头oil conservator 油枕contact 触头arcing contact 弧触头arcing-extinguishing contact 灭弧触头common alarm contact 公用报警接点electrical independent contact 无源接点main contact 主触头moving contact 动触头normally closed contact 常闭接点normally opened contact 常开接点stationary contact 静触头auxiliary contact 辅助触头contactor 接触器electromagnetic pneumatic contactor 电磁气动接触器vacuum contactor真空接触器electromagnetic contactor 电磁接触器between open contacts 断口间continuous duty (service) 连续运行continuous rating 连续额定值control 控制automatic control 自动控制centralized control 集中控制local control 就地控制one-to-one control 一对一控制photoelectric control 光电控制器remote control 远方控制control circuit 控制回路electrical auxiliary control panel 电气辅助控制屏mosaic surface control panel马赛克控制屏network control room 网控室cool 使冷却hydrogen inner cooled 氢内冷water cooled 水冷却natural cooling 自冷式forced air cooling system 强迫风冷系统copper bus-bar 铜母线core limb 铁芯柱corona 电晕corona-proof cover防晕罩correcting circuit 校正电路correction factor 校正系数COS = change-over switch 切换开关CP = candle power 烛光creepage distance 爬距crest 峰，峰值crest voltage 峰值电压CS = control switch 控制开关CT = current transformer 电流互感器burden of CT CT的二次容量zero sequence CT 零序CTCU = coefficient of utilization 利用系数current电流capacitive current 电容电流dynamic stable current 动稳定电流field current 磁场电流impressed current 外加电流inductive current 电感电流interrupting current 开断电流leakage current 泄漏电流line-charging current 线路充电电流making current 关合电流momentary current 瞬时电流negative sequence current 负序电流no-load current 空载电流nominal discharge current 标称放电电流peak withstand current 峰值耐受电流rated breaking current 额定开断电流rated short time current 额定短时耐受电流reactive current 感性电流short circuit current 短路电流starting current 起动电流stray current 泄漏电流rated continuous current 额定持续电流zero sequence current 零序电流current amplification 电流放大current collector 集电器current converter 变流器current intensity 电流强度secondary current of CT CT的二次电流current shunt 分流器phase current 相电流DDC system 直流系统de-energized equipment 不带电设备definite time lag 定时限deformation 变形dehydrating breather 吸湿器delay 延时long time delay 长延时short time delay 短延时delta connection 三角形连接depth of embedded grounding wire 接地线埋深derating factor 降容系数diagram 图图纸CWD =control wiring diagram 控制接线图EWD =elementary wiring diagram 原理接线图mimic diagram 模拟图one-line diagram 单线图dial 拔号diameter 直径direct dialling 直拨directly burying 直埋敷设discharge 放电deep discharge 过放电intercept lightning discharge 截取雷电流self discharge 自放电discharge counter 放电计数器discharge final voltage 放电未期电压disconnection 解列busbar disconnection 母线解列system disconnection 系统解列system disconnection and field extinction 解列灭磁dispatcher 调度员distortion factor 畸变系数diversity factor 分散系数document 文件double column 双柱DP = drip-proof 防滴型draw-out carriage 抽出式小车dust proof type 防尘型Eearthing 接地earthing rod 接地极earthing terminal 接地端子efficiency 效率electric 电气electric braking 电气制动electric welding machine 电焊机electrical life 电气寿命electricity engineering 电气工程electrode pole 电极electrolyte 电解液electromagnet 电磁铁electromagnetic induction 电磁感应electromotance 电动势electronic element 电子元件emergency bell 事故铃energy 能，能量forced line energization 线路强送电successful forced line energization 线路强送电成功trial line energization 线路试送电enter the cubic from the top 柜顶进线enter the cubicle from the bottom 柜底进线excitation 励磁reducing excitation 减励磁force excitation 强励low excitation 低励磁over excitation 过励磁excitation cubicle 励磁柜excitation current 励磁电流force excitation factor 强励系数excitation initiating equipment 起励设备static excitation system 静态励磁系统excitation system response ratio励磁系统响应比excitation transformer 励磁变压器excitation voltage 励磁电压exciter 励磁机main exciter 主励磁机pilot exciter 副励磁机standby exciter 备用励磁机expansion join 伸缩节expected life 期望寿命explosion-proof type 防爆型Ffailure alarming signal 事故报警信号fault 故障grounding fault 接地故障fault recollecting and recording device 事故追忆记录装置fault recorder 故障记录F-C = high-voltage current limiting fuse and vacuum contactor 高压限流熔断器及真空接触器feeder 馈线incoming feeder 进线outgoing feeder 出线feeder bay馈线间隔field 磁场field extinction 灭磁field flashing equipment起励设备field voltage 磁场电压fire 火fire proof blockage 防火堵料fire proof limit耐火极限fire proof partition 耐火隔板fire protection pillows 阻火包fire retardant coating 阻燃涂料single face exit sign fixture 单面出口标志灯flexible joint 挠性接头FOA = forced oil air cooled 强油风冷foot candle ( F.C ) 英尺-烛光forced outage 强迫停机frequency频率frequency converter station 变频站fuse 熔断器no powder-filled cartridge fuse无填料封闭管式熔断器plug-in type fuse 插入式熔断器powder-filled cartridge fuse 有填料封闭管式熔断器screw-type fuse螺旋式熔断器self-mending fuse 自复熔断器fast acting fuse 快速熔断器fuse blow熔断器熔断Ggalvanic protection system 牺牲阳极保护系统galvanized steel镀锌钢gap 间隙protective gap 保护间隙gapless metaloxide type 无间隙金属氧化型generator 发电机direct current generator 直流发电机dual inner water cooled generator 双水内冷发电机signal generator 信号发生器water-hydrogen-hydrogen cooling generator 水-氢-氢冷发电机generator hydrogen cooling system 发电机氢冷却系统generator load curve发电机负荷曲线generator pedestal发电机基座generator rotor发电机转子generator sealing oil system 发电机密封油系统generator stator 发电机定子generator terminal 发电机端子generator terminal lead 发电机引出线generator termination room 发电机出线小室generator water cooling system 发电机水冷却系统generator-transformer extension unit 发变组扩大单元generator-transformer unit 发电机变压器组GIS = gas insulated switchgear 全封闭组合电器Glare眩光glass cloth tape 波纤带grading ring 均压环、屏蔽环ground pad 接地端子groundbed 接地床anode groundbed 阳极接地床distributed-type groundbed 分散型接地床impressed current groundbed 泄漏电流接地床directly (solid) grounded 直接接地effectively grounded 有效接地un- grounded 不接地grounded through resistor 通过电阻接地grounding 接地single-phase grounding 单相接地grounding conductor 接地导体grounding megger 接地电阻测试仪main grounding network (grid)主接地网grounding system 接地系统grounding terminal 接地端子grounding wire 接地线guarantee 保证Hharmonics 谐波even harmonic 偶次谐波odd harmonic 奇次谐波heater 加热器self limiting parallel heater 自限制式并联加热器heating element 加热元件hertz (Hz) 赫兹high 高high pressure sodium ( HPS ) 高压钠灯high voltage transmission line 高压线路high-frequency amplification 高频放大high-frequency filter 高频滤波器hot-dipped galvanized 热镀锌Iidentification 识别igniter触发器illuminance 照度impedance 阻抗asymmetrical impedance 不对称阻抗negative-sequence impedance 负序阻抗positive-sequence impedance 正序阻抗zero sequence impedance 零序阻抗impressed current cathodic protection 外加电流阴极保护indicator 指示器indoor type 户内式initial 首次initial power transmission 首次送电initial synchronization 首次并网input 输入instrumentation测量仪表insulation 绝缘epoxy resin insulation 环氧树脂绝缘insulating strength绝缘强度layer insulation 层间绝缘4 - 8 电气专业mica insulation 云母绝缘plastic insulation 塑料绝缘section insulation 段间绝缘turn insulation 匝绝缘insulation between phase 相间绝缘insulation class 绝缘等级insulation level 绝缘水平porcelain insulator 瓷质绝缘子post insulator 柱式绝缘子supporting insulator支撑绝缘子suspending insulator 悬挂式绝缘子tension insulator 耐张绝缘子insulator绝缘子interlock 联锁inverse time lag反时限inverter 逆变器IPB = isolated phase bus duct 离相封闭母线Jtesting jack 试验端子Kkilovar (kVAR) 千乏kilovolt 千伏kilowatt (kW) 千瓦kilowatt-hour 千瓦时Llagging phase 滞后相lamp 灯left（right）arrow lamp 单面出口标志灯portable lamp 行灯mercury lamp 水银灯metal halide lamp 金属卤化物灯high intensity discharge lamp 高强气体放电灯fluorescent lamp荧光灯incandescent lamp 白炽灯self-ballasted lamp自镇流灯tungsten halogen lamp碘钨灯projection lamp 投光灯lamp socket 灯座layer-to-layer 层间LDD = luminaire dirt depreciation 照明器污秽减光系数leading phase 超前相down- light 筒灯light source (illuminant)光源flood lighting泛光照明local lighting 局步照明emergency lighting 应急灯lighting box 照明箱emergency lighting box 事故照明箱double-faced plate lighting fixture 双块板灯flush mounted fluorescent lighting fixture嵌入式荧光灯tube fluorescent lighting fixture 简式荧光灯anticorrosive, dust-proof and water-resistant lighting fixture三防灯具wrap-around fluorescent lighting fixture 全密封荧光灯garden lighting fixture 庭院灯waterproof fluorescent lighting fixture 防水荧光灯flameproof fluorescent lighting fixture 防爆耐火荧光灯road lighting fixture路灯lighting fixture 灯具lightning 雷电tube type lightning arrester 管形避雷器valve type lightning arrester 阀型避雷器lightning arrester避雷器lightning current 雷电流lightning protection 防雷lightning recorder 雷电记录器lightning rod避雷针4 - 9 电气专业lightning strike 雷击lightning wave front shape雷电波头形状lightning wire避雷线live line connection带电接线live line disconnection 带电拆线LLD = lamp lumen depreciation 光通量衰减系数Load 负荷target load 目标负荷load characteristic curve负载特性曲线load rejection甩负荷locked rotor current 转子堵转电流locked rotor torque 转子锁定转矩looping-off 解环loss 损耗copper loss 铜损iron loss 铁损load loss 负载损耗no-load loss空载损耗supplementary load loss附加损耗loss-ratio 损耗比louver 格栅louver all ceiling 大面积发光天棚lug 接线片ring lug 环型接线片spade lug 铲型接线片terminal lug 接线端子lumen 流明background luminance 背景亮度luminaries 照明器effective luminous intensity 有效光强LX = lux 勒克司Mmagnetic lock 电磁锁maintenance 维护malfunction 误动作manhole 人孔marking strip 标识条MCB = miniature circuit breaker 微型断路器MCCB = moulded case circuit breaker 塑壳式断路器mechanical life 机械寿命megawatt (MW) 兆瓦metal clad 金属铠装meter 表计gravity meter 比重计insulation supervision meter 绝缘监察表kVAR-hour meter 无功电度表kW-hour meter 有功电度表phase meter 相位表plier-type current meter钳型表power factor meter 功率因数表secondary meter 二次表计single-phase kilowatt-hour meter 单相电能表three-phase kilowatt-hour meter 三相电能表voltage meter 电压表watt-hour meter 电度表MF = maintenance factor维护系数MHF = mounting height above the floor 距地面安装高度MHWP = mounting height above the work-place 距工作面安装高度milliammeter 毫安表millivoltmeter 毫伏表mimic bus 模拟母线mis-operation 误操作MOC = mechanism operated cell switch 机构操作式开关motor 电动机adjustable speed motor调速电动机commutator motor整流子电动机governor motor 调速电动机horizontal type motor卧式电动机induction motor 诱导电动机synchronous motor同步电动机variable speed motor 可变速电动机vertical type motor 立式电动机motor maximum torque 电动机最大转矩mounted 镶嵌，安装standing pole mounted 立杆安装4 - 10 电气专业ceiling mounted嵌入顶棚handrail mounted 扶手安装open mounted 明装wall mounted 吸壁flush mounted 暗装pendant mounted 悬挂stanchion mounted 柱上安装surface mounted 吸顶安装mounting type 安装方式movable type 移动式Nnameplate 铭牌negative pole 负极neutral point 中性点normal 正常NPB = non-segregated phase bus duct 共箱母线Oohm 欧姆OHM = ohmmeter 欧姆表oil level indicator 油位指示器OLTC = on-load tap-changer 有载分接开关open circuit characteristic curve 开路特牲曲线operate 操作operated in single phase 分相操作operated in three phase 三相操作operating duty cycle 操作顺序hydraulic operating mechanism 液压操作机构pneumatic operating mechanism 气动操作机构spring stored-energy operating mechanism 弹簧贮能操作机构operating mechanism 操作机构operation 运行load limit operation 限负荷运行open phase operation 非全相运行trial operation 试运行pole slip operation 滑差运行operation mode 运行方式oscilloscope 示波器outdoor type 户外式outgoing feeder gantry structure 出线门型架构outgoing line 出线direction of outgoing line 出线方向output 输出shaft output轴功率output increment 增负荷output reduction降负荷overhead line 架空线over-flux 过激磁over-voltage times 过电压倍数oxygen index 氧指数PP.U. value = per unit value标幺值packing instruction 包装说明paging dispatching unit 扩音调度机panel 盘control panel 控制盘side panel 边屏parallel 并联parallel branch 并联支路parameter 参数partial discharge 局部放电periodic duty service定期运行phase 相in-phase 同相phase angle 相角phase sequence 相序phase shifter 移相器phase to ground 相对地phase-angle difference 相角差plug-in unit 插件pole and tower 杆塔pole plate 极板pole-mounting type 柱上式positive pole 正极potential 电位,电势protective potential 保护电位step potential 跨步电压touch potential 接触电压transferred potential 传递电位zero potential 零电位potentio meter 电位计power 功率,能量active power 有功功率apparent power 视载功率electric power 电功率loss of power 失电reactive power 无功功率stand by power 备用电源power factor 功率因数line power flow线路潮流power grid电网auxiliary power ratio 厂用电率AC power source 交流电源DC power source 直流电源power system swing 系统振荡auxiliary power system 厂用电系统power system 电力系统printed wiring board 印刷电路板protection 保护back-up protection 后备保护branch overcurrent protection 分支过流保护busbar protection 母线保护cathodic protection 阴极保护differential protection 差动保护distance protection 距离保护freeze protection 防冻generator main protection 发电机主保护grounding protection 接地保护high-frequency protection 高频保护impedance protection 阻抗保护instantaneous overcurrent protection 速断保护longitudinal differential protection 纵差保护loss-of field protection 失磁保护low frequency protection 低频保护negative-sequence current protection负序电流保护out-of step protection 失步保护over current protection 过流保护over excitation protection 过励磁保护reverse power protection 逆功率保护start-up protection 起动保护thermo-magnetic protection 热磁保护transverse differential protection 横差保护under voltage protection 低电压保护zero-sequence current protection 零序电流保护PT (=potential transformer) balance protection PT断线保护protection level at steep current 陡波冲击保护水平protective zone 保护范围PVC(polyvinyl chloride) insulated cable 聚氯乙烯绝缘电缆Qquality assurance 质量保证quality control 质量控制Rradio 无线电rated 额定rated input 额定输入rated output 额定输出rated value 额定值reactance 电抗capacitive reactance 容抗inductance reactance 感抗subtransient reactance 次暂态电抗synchronous reactance 同步电抗transient reactance 暂态电抗reactive power compensation device 无功补偿装置reactor 电抗器current-limiting reactor 限流电抗器disruptive reactor 分裂电抗器grounding reactor 接地电抗器shunt reactor 并联电抗器receiver 接收机receptacle (socket) 插座receptacle plug 插头re-close 重合闸recording 记录recording duration 记录时间recording instrument 记录仪表rectifier 整流器rectify 整流redial 重拨reflectance factor 反射系数reignite 重燃relative 有关的relay 继电器auxiliary relay 辅助（中间）继电器blocking relay 闭锁继电器Buchholtz relay 瓦斯/压力断电器closing relay 合闸继电器control relay 控制继电器current relay 电流继电器current-limiting relay 限流继电器delayed relay 延时继电器digital type protection relay 数字式继电保护directional relay 方向继电器distance relay 距离继电器flicker relay 闪光继电器lockout relay 出口继电器micro-processor based protective relay 微机继电保护pilot relay 辅助继电器plugging relay 防逆转继电器position relay 位置继电器reclosing relay 重合闸继电器reed relay 舌簧继电器self-starting relay 自启动继电器SIC protection relay 半导体继电保护thermal relay 热继电器time relay 时间继电器tripping relay 跳闸继电器two zone distance relay 两段距离继电器voltage relay 电压继电器voltage-controlled overcurrent relay 电压控制过电流继电器relay 继电器combined protection relay 综合保护继电器protection relay panel 继电保护屏relay protection 继电保护relay station 中继站relevant 相关的repeater 中继器repeater circuit 中继电路repeater group 中继组resistance 电阻high resistance 高阻low resistance 低阻arc suppression resistor 灭弧电阻dynamic braking resistor 制动电阻non-liner resistor 非线性电阻standard resistor 标准电阻starting resistor 起动电阻resistor 电阻器resolution 分辨率rheostat 变阻器slider-type rheostat 滑线式变阻器start rheostat 起动变阻器ripple contain factor 波纹系数RMS = root-mean-square 有效值rotor 转子squirrel-cage type rotor 鼠笼型转子wound type rotor 绕线式转子rotor conductor slot 转子线槽rotor retaining ring 转子护环rotor slip ring 转子滑环rotor winding 转子线圈rubber cushion 橡皮绝缘垫SS/MH = spacing-to-mounting height ratio 距高比sampling frequency 采样频率saturation 饱和saturation factor 饱和系数scanner 扫描器scope 范围scope of supply 供货范围scope of work 工作范围seismic 地震self-holding 自保持sensitivity 灵敏度series 串联serial capacitor compensation device 串联电容补偿装置service level 服务级别setting range 整定范围setting value 整定值SF6 gas leakage detector SF6气体泄漏检测器SF6 gas moisture analyzer SF6气体湿度分析仪SF6 gas reclaiming equipment SF6气体回收设备shade and railing 遮栏sheath 护套inner sheath 内护套outer sheath 外护套shield 屏蔽short circuit 短路three-phase short circuit 三相短路two-phase short circuit 两相短路system short circuit capacity 系统短路容量short circuit characteristic curve 短路特牲曲线short circuit ratio 短路比short time parallel 短期并列signal 信号failure signal 事故信号flash signal 闪光信号status signal 状态信号signal indicator 信号指示器SIL = switching impulse level 操作冲击水平silicon-steel sheet 硅钢片single-phase 单相sinusoid 正弦波slight pressure device 微正压装置soil resistivity 土壤电阻率solid state rectifier 固态整流器solver plated 镀银spacer 间隔棒spare parts 备品备件special tool 专用工具splice 接头factory splice 工厂接头field splice 现场接头SS = select switch 选择开关stabilized power supply device 稳压电源装置starter 起动器full-voltage starter 全电压启动器reduced-voltage starter 降压启动器rotor resistance starter 转子电阻启动器star-delta starter星-三角起动器magnetic starter 磁力起动器stator 定子stator core 定子铁芯stator end cover 定子端盖stator housing 定子外壳stator winding 定子线圈storage 贮存storage battery 蓄电池substation 变电站sub-synchronous resonance 低频共振surge 冲击浪涌surge absorber 过电压吸收装置zinc- oxide surge arrester 氧化锌避雷器surge arrester 避雷器magnetic blow surge arrester 磁吹避雷器SVC = static VAR compensator 静态无功补偿装置switch 开关disconnecting switch 隔离开关double earthing switch 双接地刀electronic switch 电子开关fuse- switch 熔断器式开关grounding (earthing) switch 接地开关iron clad switch 铁壳开关proximity switch 极近开关single earthing switch 单接地刀static transfer switch 静态转换开关voltmeter change-over switch 电压表切换开关switch 开关dimmer switch 调光开关knife switch 刀开关pull switch 拉线开关single pole switch 单极开关switch off 断开switch on 合上switch-fuse 负荷开关switchgear 配电装置in-door switchgear 屋内配电装置out-door type switchgear 户外配电装置day-night switching unit 昼夜开关step-up switchyard 升压站switchyard 开关站symmetrical 对称的synchronization 同期single phase synchro-control 单相同期控制synchronization checking 同期鉴定automatic quasi-synchronization 自动准同期manual quasi-synchronization 手动准同期synchronizing device 同期装置synchronous condenser 调相器synchroscope 同期表system 系统system oscillation 系统振荡Ttap lead 抽头tap position indicator 分接头位置指示器tapping 分接tapping range 分接范围tapping step 分接级全封闭风冷型telecontrol 遥控telemetering 遥测telephon 电话telephon set 电话机automatic exchange telephone 自动交换机dispatching telephone 调度电话机extension telephone 电话分机noise-reducing telephone 抗噪音电话机talking on the telephone 通话video telephone 可视电话telephone booth 电话亭telephone handset 电话听筒teleregulation 遥调telesignalisation 遥信terminal 端子compression terminal 压缩端子compression type terminal 压接型端子terminal block 端子排terminal screw 端子螺钉test 试验AC withstand voltage test 交流耐压试验continuous breaking capability test 连续开断能力试验DC withstand voltage test 直流耐压试验evolving fault breaking test 开断发展性故障试验insulation withstanding test 绝缘耐受试验mechanical performance test 机械性能试验out-of-phase breaking test 失步开断试验parallel breaking test 并联开断试验partial discharge test 局部放电试验performance test 性能试验rain proof test 防雨试验routine test 例行试验routine test 常规试验sealing test 密封试验seismic test 抗震试验short circuit test 短路试验short circuit making and breaking test 短路关合和开断性能试验short-line fault test近区故障试验site test 现场试验standard type test 标准型式试验static test 静态试验switching no-load long line test 分合空载长线试验switching no-load transformer test 分合空载变压器试验switching shunt reactor test 分合并联电抗器试验temperature rise test 温升试验test report 试验报告test voltage 试验电压pen tester 试电笔TEWAC = totally enclosed with water cooled air cooler 全封闭水空冷型thermo-couple 热电偶thermometer 温度计thyristor element 硅整流元件auto-reclosing dead time 自动重合闸无电流时间time 时间breaking time 分闸时间inherent closing time 固有合闸时间inherent opening time 固有分闸时间reclosing time 重合闸时间Max.breaking time 最大全分闸时间time delay de-engergizing 延时释放time delay energizing 延时带电time lead 导前时间tin galvanized 镀锡TOC = truck operated cell switch 小车操作式开关torque 转矩breakdown torque 破坏转矩starting torque 起动转矩torsional stress 扭应力transducer 变送器transformer 变压器auto- transformer 自耦变压器booster transformer 增压变压器busbar straight-through current transformer 母线式电流互感器bushing current transformer 套管式电流互感器core type transformer 芯式变压器coupling-capacitor voltage transformer 耦合电容式电压互感器current transformer 电流互感器dry type transformer 干式变压器isolated transformer隔离变压器lighting transformer 照明变压器low voltage auxiliary transformer 低压厂用变压器low voltage common transformer 低压公用变压器main transformer 主变压器maintenance transformer 检修变压器measuring transformer 测量用互感器oil-immersed type transformer 油浸变压器protecting transformer 保护用互感器PT = potential transformer 电压互感器shell type transformer壳式变压器single-phase transformer 单相变压器split winding type transformer 分裂变压器start-up/stand by transformer 起动/备用变压器step-down transformer 降压变压器step-up transformer 升压变压器three-phase transformer 三相变压器tie transformer 联络变压器transformer 变压器auxiliary building transformer辅助厂房变压器transformer angular displacement 变压器联接组别current transformer calibrating device 电流互感器校验装置transformer cooling system 变压器冷却系统transformer fitted with O.L.T.C (on-load tap-changer)有载调压变压。

Session M1E Work in Progress - Integration of Hands-On- Laboratory Experience of Power Electronics and Renewable Energy ApplicationsEduardo I. Ortiz-Rivera, Member IEEE, and Marcel J. Castro-Sitiriche, Member IEEEUniversity of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez, Eduardo.Ortiz@, Marcel.Castro@Abstract– This work-in-progress presents the research and educational activities designed to create a synergy related to aspects of the power electronics laboratory experience using alternative energy, and dissemination of knowledge related to the impact of renewable energy as part of the solution to achieve a sustainable future & economy for the society, as well as to the national security based on the reality and needs of Puerto Rico. The work-in-progress is focused on two areas: 1) Integration of hands-on laboratory experiences with undergraduate power electronics courses and renewable energy applications 2) Undergraduate research experience on power electronics and systems with selected power electronics topologies for renewable applications with a special focus to the reality of a geographical region (for our case Puerto Rico). Finally, it’s also intended with this paper to create an interest in other academic institutions about the importance and need of an electrical engineering program which should include power electronics, renewable energy, and lab experience as part of their curriculum for the benefit of their countries.Index Terms - Educational technology, laboratories, power electronics, solar energy, thermoelectric energy.I NTRODUCTIONThe current changes in the worldwide markets are making a large impact in our daily lives. The cost of oil is rising and the reserves are decreasing every day. Also, dramatic demographic changes are impacting the feasibility of the electric infrastructure and eventually the economic future of the industry. As well, the reduction of CO2 emissions plays an important role in the production of electric energy. These are some of the reasons that many countries are looking to integrate renewable energy sources as part of their public policy to produce electricity in a sustainable way [1].But any energy plan which involves changes to the electrical infrastructure and its public policy would require a well trained workforce with special knowledge in traditional power systems, power electronics topologies, and available types of renewable energy sources. For any country, to have a well trained engineering force, their academic institutions play a critical role in their development. It is why today for any regular student (and potential employer) is not sufficient to have theoretical courses; but also it is necessary some practical experience! As part of this effort, the authors of this work has incorporated a strategy based on the integration of hands on laboratory experience to attract and train properly ECE students in the areas of power electronics (PELS), renewable energy and undergraduate research.W HY H ANDS O N E XPERIENCE IS SO I MPORTANT?It is well known that good laboratory experiences increase the interest of students in an area by connecting the theory to practice facilitating an active learning process [2]. An interesting strategy have been developing at University of Puerto Rico in Mayagüez (UPRM’s) ECE Departm ent to have a well trained engineering force with a focus on renewable energy and its related aspects, specifically by the Mathematical Modeling and Control of Renewable Energy for the Advance in the Technology and Education(M inds2CREATE) Research Team lead by Dr. Eduardo I. Ortiz-Rivera. The integration of theoretical courses with hands on laboratory experience specifically in power electronics and renewable energy applications has been the main focal point for the M inds2CREATE Research Team [3]. The main objective of this strategy is essentially to prepare the best engineering workforce to satisfy the required energy needs of a country or a region without sacrifice its future sustainability. The presented laboratory experiences have a potential to reach 100 students a year in Power Electronics basic undergraduate course, 60 undergraduate students in advance courses in addition to those doing undergraduate research. This experience have a tremendous impact in the large amount of Electrical Engineering students that graduate every year from concentrations related to power electronics (around 100 students per year) at UPRM.At UPRM, the M inds2CREATE Research Team has been preparing ECE students in the areas of renewable energy and power electronics for power system applications based on the geographical reality of Puerto Rico. To obtain the theoretical expertise, the ECE students interested in these areas, are required to take a series of courses with focus on renewable energy and power electronics. Figure 1 illustrate the required ECE courses for the under level. Each course is designed with the fundamental knowledge required for a proper understanding of power electronics and its application to renewable energy.A CTIVITIES FOR H ANDS-O N-L ABORATORY E XPERIENCETo have the proper courses based on the reality of Puerto Rico, it is not enough to obtain a proper education on power electronic and renewable energy!Session M1E Experimental Set-upFIGURE 1PELS U NDERGRADUATE O PTION WITH FOCUS ON R ENEWABLE E NERGY. That’s why, the integration of a hands on laboratory experiences to these courses is fundamental to attract new students and increase their interest to do research in engineering. In the long run, these steps are the ones that provide the base for advance graduate education. The activities related to hands on laboratory experience are incorporated with other educational components such as theory, simulations, and real-life engineering problems offered in the courses. An example of the experiments for the students hands-on-experience is decribed:1) Electrical characterization of proton exchange fuel cells For this experimental work, the student will use a low power PEM fuel cell interconnected with a dc-dc converter and a variable resistive load. It is required that the student should learn how to use a PEM fuel cell, design the required components for the dc-dc converter, simulate and construct a prototype to control the power and current by a fuel cell. 2) Mathematical modeling of PV modules for MPPT control This experiment involve concepts related to optimal control and the characterization of PVM’s using nonlinear models. For this task the student will learn how to understand a PV datasheet and to use this data to charaterize a solar panel. The theoretical values will be compared with the PVM experimental values using a software tool previsouly designed [1]. Finally, the student will connect the PVM’s toa boost converter to extract the PVM’s maximum power.3) Desing and prototype of a three phase Z-Source inverter For the realization of this experiment, it is required that the student should understand concepts like three phase systems, Pulse-Width-Modulation, Z-source, and inverters. To design the inverter, the student is required to use software tools like PSIM, SABER, Matlab, etc. At the Power Electronics Systems (PELS) lab, the students will construct a prototypeFIGURE 2E LECTRICAL C HARACTERIZATION AND C ONTROL OF PEM F UEL C ELL.will appeal to a wide range of areas at the University of Puerto Rico. Some of the advantages to study different types of renewable energies in Puerto Rico are excellent tropical weather conditions, constant wind conditions in the mountain regions, year-round sunny conditions, and all of them in a single place. Finally, this project has been successful given that Puerto Rico has an excellent location in the Caribbean, active research of new technologies related to renewable energy, an excellent place for the education of engineers, and interest of the students for business opportunities in the island as future entrepreneurs.P ROJECT S TATUSThe research group has successfully disseminated the work through 5 publications in various journals and conferences. Twelve undergraduate students have been doing hands-on laboratory based research during the past year. Currently, we are bringing together representatives from the various industries related to renewable energy to identify specific workforce skills. Specifically, we are in the process of convening an advisory board group charged with refining and implementing the process for involving a wider collaboration between the industry and the academy at PR. This board will make recommendations to the group related to areas of need, potential for innovation, funding sources and crucial long term partnerships.A CKNOWLEDGMENTThe authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions of all the members that belong to the Mathematical Modeling and Control of Renewable Energies for Advance Technology & Education (M inds2CREATE) Research Team at UPRM.including topology selection, heat sink, insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) selection & transformer/inductor construction [3].E XPECTEDF UTURE FOR THE S TUDENTS AND P UERTO R ICOIt is expected that at the end of the student academic career, the student will have a breadth of relevant power electronic topologies useful for renewable sources, knowledge in the characterization of the available renewable energies in the geographic region of Puerto Rico, familiarity about public policy related to energy and the agencies for their use & regulation with their societal/economical issues, all of whichM1E-2进行中的工程——电力电子技术和可再生能源实验课程的一体化摘要这个正在进行的工作展现了研究工作和教育活动在利用可替代能源的电力电子实验室和可再生能源作为未来经济和社会获得可持续发展的解决方案和基于波多黎各国家实际需要的重要影响的散布推广。

Aabort 中断,停止abnormal 异常abrader 研磨,磨石,研磨工具absence 失去Absence of brush 无(碳)刷Absolute ABS 绝对的Absolute atmosphere A TA 绝对大气压AC Lub oil pump 交流润滑油泵absorptance 吸收比,吸收率acceleration 加速accelerator 加速器accept 接受access 存取accomplish 完成,达到accumulator 蓄电池,累加器Accumulator battery 蓄电池组accuracy 准确,精确acid 酸性,酸的Acid washing 酸洗acknowledge 确认,响应acquisition 发现,取得action 动作Active power 有功功率actuator 执行机构address 地址adequate 适当的，充分的adjust 调整，校正Admission mode 进汽方式Aerial line 天线after 以后air 风，空气Air compressor 空压机Air duct pressure 风管压力Air ejector 抽气器Air exhaust fan 排气扇Air heater 空气加热器Air preheater 空气预热器Air receiver 空气罐Alarm 报警algorithm 算法alphanumeric 字母数字Alternating current 交流电Altitude 高度，海拔Ambient 周围的，环境的Ambient temp 环境温度ammeter 电流表，安培计Ammonia tank 氨水箱Ampere 安培amplifier 放大器Analog 模拟Analog input 模拟输入Analog-to-digital A/D 模拟转换Analysis 分析Angle 角度Angle valve 角伐Angle of lag 滞后角Angle of lead 超前角anthracite 无烟煤Anion 阴离子Anionic exchanger 阴离子交换器Anode 阳极，正极announce 通知，宣布Annual 年的，年报Annual energy output 年发电量anticipate 预期，期望Aph slow motion motor 空预器低速马达Application program 应用程序approach 近似值，接近Arc 电弧，弧光architecture 建筑物结构Area 面积，区域armature 电枢，转子衔铁Arrester 避雷器Ash 灰烬，废墟Ash handling 除灰Ash settling pond 沉渣池Ash slurry pump 灰浆泵assemble 安装，组装Assume 假定,采取,担任Asynchronous motor 异步马达atmosphere 大气，大气压Atomizing 雾化Attempt 企图Attemperater 减温器，调温器Attention 注意Attenuation 衰減,减少,降低Auto reclose 自动重合闸Auto transfer 自动转移Autoformer 自耦变压器Automatic AUTO 自动Automatic voltage regulator 自动调压器Auxiliary AUX 辅助的Auxiliary power 厂用电Available 有效的,可用的Avoid 避免,回避Avometer 万用表,安伏欧表计Axial 轴向的Axis 轴,轴线Axis disp protection 轴向位移，保护Axle 轴，车轴，心捧BBack 背后，反向的Back pressure 背压Back wash 反冲洗Back up 支持，备用Back ward 向后Baffle 隔板Bag filter 除尘布袋Balance 平衡Ball 球Ball valve 球阀Bar 巴，条杆Bar screen material classifier 栅形滤网base 基础、根据Base load 基本负荷Base mode 基本方式Batch processing unit 批处理单元Battery 电池Bearing BRG 轴承before 在…之前bell 铃Belt 带，皮带Bend 挠度，弯曲Besel 监视孔BLAS 偏置，偏压Binary 二进制，双Black 黑色Black out 大停电，全厂停电blade 叶片Bleed 放气，放水Blocking signal 闭锁信号Blow down 排污Blowlamp 喷灯blue 蓝色Bms watchdog Bms看门狗，bms监视器boiler BLR 锅炉Boiler feedwater pump BFP 锅炉给水泵Boil-off 蒸发汽化bolt 螺栓bore 孔，腔boost BST 增压，提高Boost centrifugal pump BST CEP 凝升泵Boost pump BP 升压泵Boot strap 模拟线路，辅助程序bottom 底部Bowl mill 碗式磨brash 脆性，易脆的bracket 支架，托架，括号breadth 宽度break 断开，断路breaker 断路器，隔离开关Breaker coil 跳闸线路breeze 微风，煤粉Brens-chluss 熄火，燃烧终结bridge 电桥，跨接，桥形网络brigade 班，组，队，大队broadcast 广播brownout 节约用电brush 电刷，刷子Brush rocker 电刷摇环Brown coal 褐煤Buchholtz protecter 瓦斯保护bucket 斗，吊斗Buffer tank 缓冲箱built 建立bulletin 公告，公报bump 碰，撞击bunker 煤仓burner 燃烧器Burner management system 燃烧器管理系统Bus section 母线段busbar 母线Busbar frame 母线支架buscouple 母联Bypass/by pass BYP 旁路Bypass valve 旁路阀Ccabinet 柜cable 电缆calculator 计算器caliber 管径、尺寸、大小calorie 卡caloric 热的、热量Caloric value 发热量、热值calorific 发热的、热量的Calorific efficiency 热效率cancel 取消、省略capacitance CAPAC 电容Capacitive reactance 容抗capacity 容量、出力、能量card （电子）板、卡carrier 搬运机、载波、带电粒子Carrier protection 高频保护cascade CAS 串级Case pipe 套管casine 壳、箱casual 偶然的、临时、不规则的Casual inspection 不定期检查、临时检查casualty 人身事故、伤亡、故障catastrophe 灾祸、事故Catastrophe failure 重大事故Cat-pad 猫爪cathode 阴板、负极Cathode ray tube CRT 显示器Cation exchanger 阳离子交换器caution 注意Center 中心centigrade 摄氏温标Central control room 中控室Central processing unit CPU 中央处理器Centrifugal 离心的Certificate 证明书、执照Centrifugal fan 离心风机Certification of fitness 合格证书、质量证书Chamber 办公室、会议室Change 改变Channel 通道、频道Character 字符Characteristics 特性、特性曲线Charge 负荷、充电、加注Charge indicator 验电器、带电指示器Chart 图、图线图chassis 底座、机壳Chassis earth 机壳接地Check 检查Check valve CK VLV 截止线、止回线Chemical 化学Chemical dosing 化学加药Chest 室Chief 主要的、首长、首领Chief engineer 总工程师Chief operator 值班长Chimney 烟囱、烟道Chlorine 氯Circuit 电路Circuit breaker 电路断路器Circuit diagram 电路图Circular current 环流Circulating 循环Circulating water pump 循环水泵Circulating cooling water 循环冷却水Clamp 夹具、钳Clarification 澄清Class 类、等级、程度Class of insulation 绝缘等级Clean 清洁的、纯净的Cleanse 净化、洗净、消毒Clear 清除CLEARING OF FAULT 故障清除Clock interface unit CIU 时钟接口单元Clockwise 顺时针、右旋的Close 关闭Closed cooling water 闭式冷却水Closed-loop 闭环Cluster 电池组、组、群Coal 煤Coal ash 煤灰Coal breaker 碎煤机Coal consumption 耗煤量、煤耗Coal crusher 碎煤机Coal handling 输煤设备、输煤装置Coal dust 煤粉Coal-fired power plant 燃煤发电厂Coal hopper 煤斗Coal yard 煤场Coarse 粗的、不精确的Coaxial cable 同轴电缆Code 代号、密码Coil 线圈Coil pipe 蛇形管Cold 冷Cold air 冷风Cold reheater CRH 再热器冷段Cold reserve 冷备用（锅炉）Cold start 冷态启动Cold test 冷态试验Collect 收集Collecting pipe 集水管Collector 收集器Colour 颜色Colour library 颜色库Combin 合并、联合Combustion 燃烧Command 命令、指挥Commission 使投入、使投产Common 共同的、普通的Communication 联系、通讯Commutator 换向器Compensation 补偿Company CO 公司Company limited CO LTD 有限公司Complexity 复杂Complete 完成Component 元件Compress 压缩Compress air 压缩空气Compresser 压缩机Computer 计算机Concrete 混凝土制的Concurrent 同时发生的、一致的Concurrent boiler 直流锅炉Cond press 凝结器压力Condensate 冷凝、使凝结Condensate extraction pump CEP 凝结水泵Condenser COND/CNDER 凝结器Condensive reactance 容抗Condition 条件、状况Conduct 传导Conductivity 导电率Conference 会议、商讨、谈判Congealer 冷却器、冷冻器Configure 组态Connection 联接Connector 联接器、接线盒Console 控制台Consult 商量、咨询、参考Consumption 消费、消耗Consumption steam 汽耗Constant 恒定的Contact 触点Contactor 接触器、触头Contact to earth 接地、触地、碰地Content 目录Contin blwdwn 连排Continuous 连续的Contract 合同Control CNTR/CNTPL 控制Control & instrument 仪控Control loop 控制环Control oil 控制油Control panel 控制盘Controller 控制器Control stage 调节级、控制级Control valve 调节阀Conve cton sh 低温过热器Convection 对流Convertor 运输机、传输机Cool 冷的Cooler 冷却器Cooling 冷却Cooling fan 冷却风机Cooling water pump 冷却水泵Cooling tower 冷却塔Coordinate COORD 协调Coordinate boiler follow mode 协调的锅炉跟随方式Coordinate control system 协调控制系统Coordinate turbine follow mode 协调的汽机跟随方式Copy 拷贝Core 铁心、核心、磁心Core loss 铁（芯损）耗Corner 角落Correction 修正、改正Corrosion 腐蚀Cost 价格、成本、费用Cost of fuel 燃料费用Cost of upkeep 日常费用、维护费用Coupler 联轴器Coupling 耦合、联轴Couple CPL 联轴器Crane 起重机Critical 临界的Critical speed 临界速度Crusher 碎渣机Current transformer CT 电流互感器Cube 立方（体）Cubicle illumination 箱内照明Curdle 凝固Current 电流、当前Cursor 光标Curve 曲线Custom 习惯、海关Custom keys 用户键Cutter 切削工具Cyanic 青色、深蓝色Cycle 循环、周期、周波Cymometer 频率表Cyclome classifier 旋风分离器Cylinder CYL 汽缸DDaily load curve 日负荷曲线Daily load 日负荷Damage 损坏、破坏Damper DMPR 阻尼器、挡板Danger 危险、危险物Dank 潮湿Danger zone 危险区Data 数据Data base 数据库Data acquisition system DAS 数据采集系统Data highway 数据高速公路Date 日期Data pool 数据库Dc lub oil pump 直流润滑油泵Dead band 死区Deaerator DEA/DEAE/DEAER 除氧器Decimeter 分米Decrease DEC 减少Deep 深度、深的、深Default 默认、缺席Degree 度、等级Demand 要求、查问Delay 延迟Delay time 延时Delete 删除Demineralized water 除盐水Demineralizer 除盐装置Deposit 沉积结垢Desalt 除盐设备Description 说明、描述Destination 目标、目的地Desuperheater 减温器Desuperheater water DSH WTE 减温水Detail 细节Detect 发现、检定Deviate 偏离、偏差Device 设备、仪器Diagnosis 诊断Diagram 图形、图表Diagram directory 图目录Diagram number 图形号Diameter 直径Diaphragm 膜片、隔板Dielectric 介质、绝缘的Diesel generator 柴油发电机Difference 差异、差别、差额Differential protection 差动保护Diff press 差压Diff expansion DIFF EXP 胀差Differential pressure DP/DSP 差压Digital 数字的Digital electric hydraulic 电调Digital input/output 数字量输入／输出Digital-to-analog D/A 数／模转换Dioxde 二氧化碳Direct current DC 直流（电）Direct digital control DDC 直接数字控制Disassembly 拆卸Disaster 事故、故障Disc 叶轮Disaster shutdown 事故停机Discharge 排除、放电、卸载Discharge current 放电电流、泄漏电流Disconnector 隔离器、隔离开关Disconnect switch 隔离开关Discrete input/output 离散输入／输出Disk 磁盘Disk manage commands 磁盘管理命令Dispatch 调度、发送派遣Dispatcher 调度员Dispatching station 调度站（局）Disconnector 隔离器、隔离开关Discrete input/output 离散输入／输出Disk 磁盘Displacement 位移Displacement pump 活塞泵Display 显示、列屏Distance 距离Distilled water DISTL WTR 蒸馏水Distributed 分布\分配\配电（水、汽）Distributed control system DCS 集散控制系统Distributed processing unit DPU 分布处理单元Distributing board 配电盘Distribution network 配电网络Distribution substation 二次变电站Disturbance 扰动Diverter vlv 切换线Divided by 除以Design 设计、发明Division 分界、部门Division wall 分割屏Documentation 文件Door 门Dosing pump 加药泵Dowel pin 定位销Down pipe 下降管Download 下载Downtime 停机时间Dozer 推土机Draft 通风、草图Drain DRN 疏水、排放Drain pump 疏水泵Drain tank 疏水箱Drawing 图样、牵引Drill 钻孔、钻头、钻床Drive 驱动、强迫Drn collector 疏水收集器Drop 站Drowned pump 潜水泵Drum 汽包Drum-type boiled 汽包式锅炉Dry 干、干燥Dual 双重的Duct 风道、管道Dust 灰尘Dust helmet 防尘罩Dust catcher 除尘器、吸尘器Duty 责任Dynamic 动态的Dynamometer 功率表EEarth 大地Earth fault 接地故障Earth connector 接地线、接地Earth lead 接地线、接地Eccentricity 偏心、扰度Econ recirc vlv 省煤器再循环线Economizer ECON 省煤器Edit 编辑Efficiency 效率Eject pump 射水泵Ejection 射出Ejector 抽气器Electric 电的Elbow 弯管、弯头Electric-hydraulic control 电／液控制Electrical 电的、电气的Electrical lockout solenoid vlv 电磁阀锁阀Electrical machine 电机Electrical service 供电Electric power industry 电力工业Electrode 电极Electric power company 电力公司Electric power system 电力系统Electronic 电子的、电子学的Electrotechnics 电工学、电工技术Electrostaic precipitator 静电除尘器Electrostatic 静电的Element 元件、零件、单元Elevation ELEV 标高Elevator 升降机Ellipse 椭圆Emergency decree 安规Emerg lub oil 事故润滑油Emerg off 事故停／关闭Emerg seal oil 事故密封油Emergency EMERG 紧急事故Emergency drain 事故疏水Emergency governet／intercepter 危急遮断器Employee 雇员Empty 排空Enclosure 外壳、包围End 末端、终结End cover 端盖Energize 激励、加电Energy 能、能量Energy meter 电度表Energy source 能源Engineer keyboard 工程师键盘Engineer station 工程师站Engineer's console 工程师操作站Engineering 工程Enter 开始、使进入Entry 输入Equalizer valve 平衡线Equipment 设备Erase 删除Error 错误Escape valve 安全线Evaporate 蒸发、冷化Evaporating 蒸发量Event 事件Excess 超过、过度Excess combustion air 过剩燃烧空气Excitation 励磁Exciter 励磁机Exhaust EXH 排汽Exhaust portion 排汽段Exit 出口Expansion EXP 膨胀Expansion tank 扩容箱Expenditure 费用Expert 专家、能手Explosion 爆炸Exponent 指数幂External 外部的、表面的Extinguisher 灭火器Extinguishing medium 灭弧介质Extraction check valve EXTR CHK VLV 抽汽逆止阀Extra-high voltage 超高压Extend 扩展、延伸Exteral 外部的、表面的Extr press 抽汽压力Extr temp 抽汽温度Extraction EXTR 抽汽FFactor 因素、因数Fahrenheit 华式温标Failure FAIL 失败FALSE 假的、错误的Fan 风扇、风机Fan duty 风机负荷Fast cut back FCB 快速切回Fault 故障Faulty operation 误操作Features 特点Feed 馈、供给Feedback 反馈Feed forward 前馈Feed water 给水Feed-water makeup 补给水Fiber optic 光纤Field 磁场、现场Field operator 现场运行人员Figure 数字、图案File 文件Filter 滤网、过滤器Filter differential pressure FILTR DP 滤网压差Final 最后的Final super-heater FSH 末级过热器、高过Fine ash silo 细灰库Fire 燃烧、火焰Fire-proof 耐火的、防火的Fire-extinguisher 灭火器Fire-hose 消防水带Fire hydrant 消防栓Fire-fight 灭火Fireproof 防火的、阻燃的Fire pump 消防水泵First stage 第一级、首级First stage guide vane 第一级导叶Flame 火焰Flame check 火检Flame detect cable FLM DET CAB 火检电缆Flange 法兰Flange joint 法兰结合面Flank 侧翼、侧面Flash 闪光、闪烁、闪蒸Flash lamp 闪光灯Flash light 闪光Flasher 闪光装置Flexible 灵活的、柔性的Flexible joint 弹性联接器Flip-flop 触发器、双稳态电路Float-charge 浮充电Floppy disk 软磁盘Floppy driver 磁盘机Flow 流量、流动Flowmeter 流量计Flue 烟道Format 形式、格式Flue gas 烟气Fluid 液体Fly ash 飞灰Follow 跟随Forbid 禁止Force 强制Force circulation 强制循环Force draft fan 送风机Forney 福尼（公司）Forward 向前Free end 自由端Frequency 频率From 从、来自Front 前面的Fuel 燃料Fuel safety 燃料保护Full speed 额定频率Fully 充分的、完全的Function 功能Function group 功能组Furnace 炉膛Fuse 保险丝、熔断器Fuse holder 保险盒Fusible cutout 熔断开关Fw bypass 给水旁路GGAIN 增益Gang 班、组Gas 气体、烟气Gate 闸门Gate damper 闸门式挡板Gateway 入口、途径Gauge 仪表、标准Gauge float 水位、指示、浮标Gear 齿轮Gear pump 齿轮泵Gear shift housing 变速箱Gen main breaker 发电机出口总开关General control panel 总控制屏General vlv 总阀Generate 引起、产生Generator 发电机、发生器Gland 密封套Gland heater GLAND HTR 轴封加热器Gland seal 轴封Glass-paper 砂纸Goal 目的、目标Go on 继续Govern vlv GV 调速器、调节器Graphics 调节阀Grease 图形Green 绿色Grid 高压输电网、铅板Grid system 电网系统Gross rating 总出力、总额定值Ground/earth 地、大地Group 组、群Group library 组库HHalt instruction 停机指令Hangers 悬吊管Hardware 硬件Hardness 硬度、困难的Hazardous 危险的、冒险的Header 联箱Heat 热、加热Heater 加热器Heating 加热Heat rate 热效率Heat soak 暖机Hertz HZ 赫兹Hesitate HESI 暂停、犹豫High 高的、高等的、高大的High pressure HP 高压High pressure heater HPH 高压加热器History 历史Historical date reporter HDR 历史数据报告Historical storage & retrieval unit HSR 历史数据报告存储与检索单元Hold 保持Home 家、处所Hopper 漏斗、料斗Hori vib(vibration) 水平振动Horizontal 水平的、横式Horse power 马力Hose 软管、水龙带Hot 热的Hot air 热风Hot rh 再热（器）热段Hot start 热态启动Hot well 热水井Hour 小时Hp cyl cross pipe 高压缸短管Hp turb exh press 高压缸排汽压力Hybrid 混合物Hydraulic 液压Hydrogen 氢（H）Hydrogen purity 氢气纯度Hydrobin/ dewatering bin 脱水仓IIdiostaic 同电位的Idle 空载的、无效的Ignition light oil 轻油点火Ignition 引燃、电火Ignitor 电火器Ignore 忽视Illustrate 说明Impeller 推进器、叶轮Impedance 阻抗Import 进口、引入Impulse 脉冲、冲击、冲量Inch IN 英寸Inching 缓动、点动Income 进线Increase INC 增加Index 索引、指示Indicator 指示器Individual 单个的、独立的Inductive reactance 感抗Input/output I/O 输入／输出Induced draft fan IDF 引风机Inductance 电感Induction motor 异步电动机Industrial water 工业水Industry 工业Inflatable seal 充气密封Inhibit 禁止Initial 最初的Inlet 入口Input group 输入组Insert 插入Inside 内侧、内部Inspection 观察、检查Install 安装Inspection hole 检查孔、人孔Installed capacity 装机容量Instantaneous 即时的、瞬时的Instantaneous power 瞬时功率Instruction 说明书、指南、指导Instrument 仪器Instrument panel 仪表盘Insulate 绝缘、绝热、隔离Insulator 绝缘子Intake 输入端、进线Integer 整数Integral 积分Intensity 强度Interpole 换向板Inter-stage extraction 中间抽头Interface 接口Interference 干扰、干涉Interlock 联锁Intermediate 中间的Internal 内部的Interrogation 质问、问号Interrupt 中断Interval 间隔Interlock auto on 联锁投自动Inverter 逆变器、反向器、非门Invoice INV 发票、发货单、托运Intermediate pressure IP 中压Intermediate relay 中间继电器Invalid 无效的、有病的Investment 投资Ion-exchange 离子交换器IP.cyl 中压缸Isolation 隔离Isolator 隔离、刀闸JJacking oil 顶轴油Jacking pump 顶轴泵Job 工作Jumper 跳线、跨接Junction box 接线盒KKey 键销、钥匙、键槽Keyboard 键盘Key library 键库Key switch 键开关Kilovolt-ampere KV A 千伏安Kink 弯曲、缠绕Knack 技巧、窍门、诀窍Knife-switch 闸刀开关LLabel 标号、标签Laboratory 实验室Labyrinth seal 迷宫密封Ladder 梯子、阶梯Ladder diagram 梯形图Lamp 灯、光源Large platen LARGE PLT 大屏Last 最后的Latch 止动销、挂闸、插锁Leak 泄漏（动词）Leakage 泄漏（名词）Left 左Length 长度Level 液位、水平Lifebelt 安全带、保险带Lift 提、升Light 光亮、点、点燃、照亮Lightning 雷电Light run 空转Lightning arrestor 避雷器Limit LMT 极限、限制Limiter 限制器、限位开关Line 线、直线Line impedance 线路阻抗Lining 衬层、内衬Linkage 连杆List 列表Liter 公升Ljungstrom trisector air preheaters 容克式空预器Load 负荷Load demand compute LDC 负荷指令计算Load impedance 负荷阻抗Load limit 负荷限制Load rejection 甩负荷Load shedding 甩负荷Loading 加负荷Load thrown on 带负荷Local 局部Local attendant 现场值班员Local repair 现场检修Local start 就地启动Local stop 就地停止Location 处所、位置Lock 闭锁、密封舱、固定Logger 记录器、拖车Logic 逻辑Long 长Loop 环、回路Loss 损失、减少Loss of excitation 励磁损失Loss of phase 失相Low 低Low press LP 低压Low press heater LPH 低压加热器Low-half 下半Lower 较低的、降低Lower heating value 低位发热量Low pressure cylinder LPC/LP CYL 低压缸Low temperature superheater LT SH 低温过热器Lub oil 润滑油Lub oil pump 润滑油泵Lubricate LUB 润滑MMagenta 品红色Magnet 磁Main 主要的/主蒸汽的/电力网Main oil tank 主油箱Main screen 主屏Main steam 主蒸汽Main transformer 主变压器Maintenance 维护、检修、小修Maintenance manual 检修手册Major overhaul 大修Make up 补充（补给）Makers works 制造厂Malfunction 出错、误动、失灵Management 管理、控制、处理Manhole 人孔、检查孔、出入孔Manifold 各式各样的联箱、集气管Manometer 压力表Man-machine interaction 人机对话Manual 手动、手册Manual reject MRE 手动切换Manual/Auto station M/A STATION 手动／自动切换站Mark 型号、刻度、标志、特征Mass memory 大容量存储器Master 主要、控制者Master control room 主控室、中央控制室Master fuel trip MFT 主燃料跳闸Maximum 最高的、最大Maximum continue rate MCR 最大连续率Mechanocaloric 热机的Mean 平均值、中间的Mean water level 平均水位Measure 量度、测量Mechanical 机械的、力学的Mechanical trip vlv 机械跳闸阀Mechanism 机械、力学、方法Medial 中间的、平均的Mediate 间接的、调解Medium 装置、介质、工质Megawatt 兆瓦Memory 存储Metal 金属Meter 集量器、仪表、米Meter switch 仪表开关Method 方法、规律、程序Method of operation 运行方式Mica 云母Mica dielectric 云母电介质Microcallipers 千分尺Microphone 麦克风、话筒Middle MID 中间的Middle-temperature rh MT RH 中温再热器Mill 磨、磨煤机、铣刀Minimum 最小的Minor overhaul 小修Minus 减、负号Minus phase 负相位Minute 分钟Miss operation 误动作、误操作Miss trip 拒跳闸Mistake 错误、事故Mixed bed 混床Mixture 混合物Man-machine interface MMI 人机接口Modem 调制解调器Modify 修改Modulating control 调节控制Modulating valve 调节阀Module 模件Moisture 湿度、湿汽Monitor 监视器、监视Monoxide 一氧化物Month 目Motor MTR 马达Motor control center MCC 马达控制中心Motor winding 电动机组绕组Mouldproof 防霉的Mount 安装、固定Mountain cork 石棉Mouse 鼠标Move 移动Multidrop 多站Multispeed 多速Mult-multi 多、多倍Multimeter 万用表Multiplication 乘Multivibrator 多谐振荡器NName 名、名字Natural 自然的Naught line 零线Needlepoint vlv 针阀Negative 负的Negative pressure NEG PRESS 负压Neon tester 试电表Net ratine/net output 净出力Network 网络Neutral line 中性线Neutral 中性的Neutral point 中性点Next 其次的Night shift 夜班Nipper 钳子、镊子Noise 噪音No-loading 空载Nominal 标称的、额定的Nominal power 额定功率Nominal rating 标称出力、额定出力Non-return vlv 逆止线Non-work 非工作的Normal 正常的、常规的Normal closed contact 常闭触点Normal makeup wtr 正常补水Not available 无效、不能用No touch relay 无触点继电器Non-work pad / n-work pad 非工作瓦Nozzle 喷嘴Number 数字、号码、数目Number of turns 匝数Nut 螺母、螺帽OOccur 发生Odd 奇数Office 办公室Oil 油Oil breaker 油开关Oiler 注油器Oil fuel trip OFT 油燃料跳闸Oil gun 油枪Oil immersed natural cooling 油浸自然冷却Oil purifier 油净化装置On-line 在线、联机的On-load test 带负荷试验On/off 开／关Onset 开始、发作Open 开、打开Open-air 露天的、开启的Open-loop 开环Open work 户外作业Operating panel 操作盘Operation 操作、运行Operational log 运行记录Operator 操作员Operator keyboard 操作员键盘Operator station 操作员站Operator's alarm console 操作员报警台Optimal 最优的、最佳的Optimal value 最佳值Optional 可选的Option switch 选择开关Orifice plate 孔板Original 初始的、原始的Oscillator 振荡器Oscilloscope 示波器Out 出、出口Outage 停用Out-of-service 为投入运行的Outlet 出口Output 产量、产品、输出Output group 输出组Outside 外边、外面Over current 过流Over load 过负荷Overload protection 过载保护Overall design 总体设计Over voltage 过压Overflow 溢流Overflow vlv station 溢流阀门站Overhaul 大修Overhaul life 大修间隙Overhead 顶部Overhead line 架空线Override 超越Overspeed 超速Overspeed trip 超速跳闸Overview 概述、总述Own demand 厂用电量Oxide film 氧化膜、氧化层Oxygen 氧PPackage 组件、包Packed group 组合组Pad 瓦、衬垫Page 页Panel 屏、盘Parameter 参数Part 部分、部件Part per million PPM 百万分率Password 口令Path 路线Peak 峰值Peak load 峰值负荷Pendant 悬吊Pendant pull switch 拉线开关Penthouse 顶棚Penumatics 汽动装置Percent PCT 百分数Percentage 百分比Perfect 完全的、理想的Perfect combustion 完全燃烧Performance 完成、执行、性能Performance calculation 性能计算Performance curve 性能曲线Periodic 周期的、循环的Periodic inspection 定期检查Peripheral 周围的Peripheral equipment 外围设备Permanent 永久的、持久的Permanent magnetic generator 永磁发电机Permit 允许Permit to work 允许开工Petrol 汽油Phase PH 阶段、状态、方面、相Phase angle 相角Phase-failure protection 断相保护Phase not together 缺相、失相Phase sequence 相序Phase-in 同步Piezometer 压力计Pitch coal 烟煤Pid drawing 流程图Pilot 导向、辅助的、控制的Pilot bearing 导向轴承Pipe 管、管道Pitch 投、掷、节距、螺距Plan 计划Plant 工场、车间Plant load factor 电厂负荷因数Plastics 塑料Platen 台板、屏式Platen superheater PLT SH 屏式过热器Plug 塞子、栓、插头Plug socket 插座Plunger 柱塞、滑阀Plunger pump 柱塞泵Plus 加Plyers 钳子、老虎钳Pneumatic 气动的Point 点Point database 测点数据库Point directory 测点目录Point name 测点名Point record 测点记录Point field 泡克区Phase voltage 相电压Pole 机、柱Policher 除盐装置Pollution 污染Pop valve 安全阀、突开阀Portion 一部分Position POS 位置Positive 确定的、正的、阳性的Potable water 饮用水Potential transformer PT 电压互感器Pound LB 磅Power PWR 功率、电源Power factor 功率因子Power plant 电厂Pre-alarm 预报警Precipitator PRECI/PRECIP 除尘器Preheat 预热Pre light 预点火Preliminary 准备工作Present 出现Preset 预设、预置Pressure PRES 压力Primary 初级的、一次的Primary air 一次风Primary air fan PAF 一次风机Primary superheater 低温过热器Primary grid substation 主网变电站Prime 首要的Printer 打印机Principle 原理、原则Priority 优先级、优点Probe 探头Process 过程、方法Processing time 处理时间Program 程序Programmable 可编程的Programmable logical controller PLC 可编程逻辑控制器Prohibit 禁止Proportional / integral / derivative PID 比例／积分／微分Protection PROT 保护Protection bolt 危急遮断器飞锤Protection ring 危急遮断器飞环Protocol 规约（数据通信）Potential transformer PT 电压互感器Psig 磅／平方英寸（表压力）Psia 磅/平方英寸(绝对压力)Puffer breaker 压力式断路器Pulse 脉冲、脉动Pulverizer PULV 磨煤机Pump 泵Punch 冲床、冲压机Purge 净化、吹扫Purifier 净化器Purify 纯度Purpose 目的、用途Push and pull switch 推拉开关Push button 按钮Put into operation 投入运行Pyod 热电偶Pyrology 热工学QQ-line Q线Quad 回芯组线Quality 质量Quartz 石英、水晶Query 询问、查询Quick 快Quicksilver 水银、汞Quick open 快开Quit 停止、离开、推出RRack earth 机壳接地Radial 径向的、半径的Radication 开方Radiator wall rh 壁式再热器Radiator 散热（辐射）器Radiation fin 散热片Raise 升高Range 范围、量程Rap 敲打Rap device （除尘器）振打装置Rapid charge 快速充电Rated 额定的、比率的Rated conditions 额定条件Rated power 额定功率Ratio 比率Raw material 原材料Ray 光线、射线Reactance 电抗、反作用Reactive capacity 无功容量Reactive power 无功功率Read out 读出、结果传达Ready 准备好Real power 有效功率Real time 实时的Rear 后面Recall 重新调用、重查Receive tank 回收箱、接收箱Recipe 处方、配方Recire/Recycle damper 再循环挡板Recirculate 再循环Reclaim 再生回收Reclosing 重合闸Recommend 介绍、建议Recording 记录、录音、唱片Recovery 恢复、再生Recovery time 恢复时间Rectification 整流、检波、调整Rectifier 整流器Red 红色Reduction 还原、缩小、降低Redundancy 冗余、多余Reference REF 参考、参照、证明书Reflux 倒流、回流Region 地域、领域Register 寄存器Regulate 调节、控制Regulating stage 调节级Regulating valve 调节阀Reheater RH 再热器Relative REL 相对的Relative expansion 相对膨胀Relay 继电器Relay panel 继电器屏Release 释放Reliability 可*的、安全的Relief 去载、卸载、释放、解除Relieve valve 安全阀、减压阀Remote 遥远的、远方的Remote select 遥控选择Remote technical center RTC 遥控技术中心Renewal 更新、更换Repair 修理Repairer 修理工、检修工Repeat 重复、反复Replacement parts 备件、替换零件Request REO 请求Require 要求Reserve parts 备件Reserved 备用的Reset 复位Resistance 阻力、电阻Resonate 谐振、调谐Response 响应Responsibility 责任Retract 可伸缩的、缩回Retractable thermoprobe 可伸缩的温度探头Retrieval 可检索的、可追忆的Return 返回Return oil 回油Reverse power 逆功率Reverse rotation 反转Review 检查Rig 安装、装配、调整Right 右Right-of-way 公用线路Ring 环Roller 辊子Roof 顶、炉顶Root 跟Rotary switch 转换开关Rotating 旋转Rotating joint 液压联轴器Rotor 转子Routine 例行的、日常的Routing inspection 日常检查、日常检测Routing maintenance 日常维护Run 运行Run back 返回Rundown 迫降Running conditions 运行情况Running current 工作电流Running in 试运行、试转Running/operation overhaul 临时检修SSafe 安全的、可*的、稳定的Safe potential 安全电压Safety 安全Safety cap 安全帽Safety measure 安全措施Safety rules 安全规程Safety valve 安全线Sample 取样、举例Sampler 取样器Saturate 饱和Saturate condition 饱和条件、饱和状态Saturated steam SAT STM 饱和蒸汽Scale 铁锈水垢Scan 扫描Schedule 时间表、计划表Schematic 图解的、简图Scoop 勺管Scr controller 屏幕控制器Screen 屏幕Screw 螺杆、螺丝Screwdriver 螺丝刀Scroll 滚屏Sea 海Seal 密封Seal air 密封风Sealing gland 密封盖Seal oil 密封油Seal steam SEAL STM 密封蒸汽Search 寻找、查找Seawater 海水Second 秒、第二Second air SEC AIR 二次风Secondary 二次的Seep 渗出、渗漏Seepage 渗漏现象Select 选择Self 自己、自我、本人Self-hold 自保持Self-running 自启动Sensor 传感器Sensitive 灵敏器Sensitiveness 灵敏性Separator 分离器Sequence 顺序、序列Sequence of emergence SOE 事故追忆Sequential control system SCS 顺序控制系统Series-longitudinal layout 串联纵向布置Service 服务、伺服Service power 厂用电Servomotor 伺服电机Set 设定Setpoint 设定点Set up 安装、调整、建立Severity 刚度、硬度、严重Sewage treatment 废水处理Shadow 影子、屏蔽Shaft 轴、烟囱Shaft seal 轴封Shake 摇动、振动Shakeproof 防振Shaft 轴、手柄、矿井Shaped 形状Share 共享、分配Share memory 共享存储器Sheet 表格、纸张Shell 壳Shield 屏蔽层Shift 值、替换Shift charge engineer 值班工程师Shoe 推力瓦Shortage of water 缺水Short circuit 短路Shot 发射、冲击、钢粒Shunt reactor 并联电抗器Shut off 关闭Shutdown 停止、停机Siccative 干燥剂Side 侧边Sidewall 侧墙Sifter 筛子、滤波器Signal 信号Signal lamp 信号等Sign 标记、注册Significance 意义、有效Silence 消音、沉寂Silicon SI 硅Silicon stack 硅堆Silo 灰库Single 单个的、个体的Station interface module SLM 站接口模件Simple 单纯的、简单的Similar 同样的、类似的Simulator 仿真机Single blade switch 单刀开关Sinusoid 正弦曲线Site 现场Site commissioning test 现场投运方式Size 尺寸、大小Size of memory 存储量Sketch 图纸、草图Skin effect 集肤效应Skip 空指令、跳跃Slag 结垢Sliding key 滑销Sliding press mode 消压方式Sluiceway 水沟Slurry 灰浆Smoke 烟、冒烟Smokes-stack 烟囱Smooth 平滑的、光滑的Socket 插座Soft 软的、柔软的Software 软件Solenoid SOLN 螺线圈Solid 固体Sootblower 吹灰、吹灰器Sound detection 声音探测Source 源、电源Spanner 扳手Spare 备用的、空余的Spare parts 备件、备品Specification 技术说明Specific weight 比重Speed 速度Speed protection 超速保护Spray 喷射Spray nozzle 喷嘴Spray water 喷水Spring 弹簧、春天Spring clutch 弹簧离合器Square 广场、方的Squirrel-cage armature 鼠笼式电枢Stabiliser 稳定器Stability 稳定（性）Stack 烟囱Staff 职工Stage 级、台Stall 停车、阻止Standard 标准Standby 备用、待机Standby heat 热备用Star 星、星形连接Star connected system 星形连接制"Y" Start 启动、开始Starting conditions 启动条件Start up 启动Start-up sequence 启动程序State 状态Statement 说明、语句Static 静电Static storage 静态存储器Station 站、发电厂、地点Station capacity 发电厂容量Station interface unit SLU 站接口单元Stator 静子Stator coil 定子线圈Stator core 定子铁芯Status 状态Status display 状态显示Steadiness 稳定性Steam STM 蒸汽Steam cylinder 汽缸Steam exhaust 乏气、废气Steam feed pump 汽动给水泵Steam-turbine generator 汽轮发电机Step 步Step-by-step motor 步进电动机Step ladder 阶梯Step-down transformer 降压变压器Step-up transformer 升压变压器Stere 立方米Stockyard 储煤场Stop 停止Stop vlv 主汽线Storage 储存Storage battery 蓄电池Storage tank 储存箱Straight 直的、直线Strainer 滤网Stress 应力、强调Styrofoam 泡沫塑料。

电力系统power system发电机generator励磁excitation励磁器excitor电压voltage电流current升压变压器step-up transformer母线bus变压器transformer空载损耗no-load loss铁损iron loss铜损copper loss空载电流no-load current有功损耗active loss无功损耗reactive loss输电系统power transmission system高压侧high side输电线transmission line高压high voltage低压low voltage中压middle voltage功角稳定angle stability稳定stability电压稳定voltage stability暂态稳定transient stability电厂power plant电动机motor功率因数power-factor定子stator阻抗impedance功角power-angle电压等级voltage grade有功负载: active load PLoad无功负载reactive load档位tap position电阻resistor电抗reactance电导conductance电纳susceptance上限upper limit下限lower limit正序阻抗positive sequence impedance 负序阻抗negative sequence impedance 零序阻抗zero sequence impedance无功（功率）reactive power功率因数power factor无功电流reactive current斜率slope额定rating变比ratio参考值reference value电压互感器PT能量输送power transfer交流AC直流DC电网power system落点drop point开关站switch station调节regulation高抗high voltage shunt reactor 并列的apposable裕度margin故障fault三相故障three phase fault分接头tap切机generator triping高顶值high limited value静态static (state)动态dynamic (state)机端电压控制AVR电抗reactance电阻resistance功角power angle有功（功率）active power电容器Capacitor电抗器Reactor断路器Breaker分接头tap仿真分析simulation analysis下降率droop rate传递函数transfer function框图block diagram受端receive-side同步synchronization保护断路器circuit breaker摇摆swing阻尼damping无刷直流电机Brusless DC motor刀闸(隔离开关) Isolator机端generator terminal变电站transformer substation永磁同步电机Permanent-magnet Synchronism Motor 异步电机Asynchronous Motor三绕组变压器three-column transformer ThrClnTrans双绕组变压器double-column transformer DblClmnTrans 固定串联电容补偿fixed series capacitor compensation 双回同杆并架double-circuit lines on the same tower单机无穷大系统one machine - infinity bus system励磁电流Magnetizing current补偿度degree of compensation电磁场:Electromagnetic fields失去同步loss of synchronization装机容量installed capacity无功补偿reactive power compensation故障切除时间fault clearing time极限切除时间critical clearing time强行励磁reinforced excitation并联电容器shunt capacitor<下降特性droop characteristics线路补偿器LDC(line drop compensation)电机学Electrical Machinery主变压器main transformer升压变压器step-up transformer降压变压器step-down transformer工作变压器operating transformer备用变压器standby transformer公用变压器common transformer三相变压器three-phase transformer单相变压器single-phase transformer带负荷调压变压器on-load regulating transformer变压器铁芯transformer core变压器线圈transformer coil变压器绕组transformer winding变压器油箱transformer oil tank变压器外壳transformer casing变压器风扇transformer fan变压器油枕transformer oil conservator(∽drum 变压器额定电压transformer reted voltage变压器额定电流transformer reted current变压器调压范围transformer voltage regulation rage 配电设备power distribution equipmentSF6断路器SF6 circuit breaker开关switch隔离开关isolator,disconnector真空开关vacuum switch刀闸开关knife-switch接地刀闸earthing knife-switch电气设备electrical equipment变流器current converter电流互感器current transformer电压互感器voltage transformer电源power source交流电源AC power source直流电源DC power source工作电源operating source备用电源Standby source强电strong current弱电weak current继电器relay信号继电器signal relay电流继电器current relay电压继电器voltage relay跳闸继电器tripping relay合闸继电器closing relay中间继电器intermediate relay时间继电器time relay零序电压继电器zero-sequence voltage relay差动继电器differential relay闭锁装置locking device遥控telecontrol遥信telesignalisation遥测telemetering遥调teleregulation断路器breaker,circuit breaker少油断路器mini-oil breaker,oil-mini-mum breaker 高频滤波器high-frequency filter组合滤波器combined filter常开触点normally opened contaact常闭触点normally closed contaact并联电容parallel capacitance保护接地protective earthing熔断器cutout,fusible cutout电缆cable跳闸脉冲tripping pulse合闸脉冲closing pulse一次电压primary voltage二次电压secondary voltage并联电容器parallel capacitor无功补偿器reactive power compensation device 消弧线圈arc-suppressing coil母线Bus,busbar三角接法delta connection星形接法Wye connection原理图schematic diagram一次系统图primary system diagram二次系统图secondary system diagram两相短路two-phase short circuit三相短路three-phase short circuit单相接地短路single-phase ground short circuit短路电流计算calculation of short circuit current自动重合闸automatic reclosing高频保护high-freqency protection距离保护distance protection横差保护transverse differential protection纵差保护longitudinal differential protection线路保护line protection过电压保护over-voltage protection母差保护bus differential protection瓦斯保护Buchholtz protection变压器保护transformer protection电动机保护motor protection远方控制remote control用电量power consumption载波carrier电磁型继电器electromagnetic无时限电流速断保护instantaneously over-current protection 跳闸线圈trip coil工作线圈operating coil制动线圈retraint coil主保护main protection后备保护back-up protection定时限过电流保护definite time over-current protection三段式电流保护the current protection with three stages 反时限过电流保护inverse time over-current protection方向性电流保护the directional current protection零序电流保护zero-sequence current protection阻抗。

电气实用英语汇编一．电气名词Electric items二．线路（母线、回路）Lines (Bus, circuits)三．设备Equipments四．保护、继电器Protection , relays五．电气仪表Electric instruments六．防雷Lightning protection七．接地Grounding, earthing八．室、所Room , Substation九．电修车间设备Equipments of electric repair十．材料Material十一．图名Drawings, diagrams十二．表头Tables十三．标准图词汇Terms from standard DWG一．电气名词Electric items交（直）流Alternating (direct) current短路电流Short-circuit current起始次暂态短路电流Initial subtransient short-circuit current冲击电流Impulse current稳态短路电流Steady state short-circuit current临界电流Critical current切断电流Rupturing current熔断电流Blow-out current故障电流Fault current计算电流Calculating current极限有限电流Limit effective current过电流Over current逆电流Inverse current整定电流Setting current额定电流Rated current电流密度Current density短路电流最大有效值Maximum effective value of short-circuit current 高压High-voltage , High-tension低压Low-voltage , Low-tension计算电压Calculating voltage激磁电压Exciting voltage冲击电压Impulse voltage临界电压Critical voltage残留电压Residual voltage击穿电压Puncture voltage脉动电压Pulsating voltage供电电压Supply voltage电力电压Power voltage照明电压Lighting voltage灯丝电压Filament voltage额定电压Rated voltage电压损失V oltage loss过(欠)电压Over (under) voltage线路电压Line voltage电压降V oltage drop工作电压Working voltage一次电压Primary voltage二次电压Secondary voltage电源Electric source (power supply)自控电压Power supply for process control6kV控制闪光电源Flashing supply for 6kV control 工作电源Working power supply (electric source) 保安电源Emergency power supply (electric source) 直流稳压电源Stabilized D.C. source控制电源Control supply直流电源D.C. source交流电源A.C. source负荷计算Load calculation设备容量Installed capacity需要容量Electric demand功率因数Power factor安装高度Mounting height耐电压Breakdown voltage工频耐压High-voltage test with working frequency 表面闪络Surface flash-over直流泄漏D.C. leakage体电阻率V olume resistivity介质损失角Dielectric loss angle击穿强度Puncture intensity电压等级V oltage grade比重Specific gravity性能Feature相序Phase sequence瞬时Instantaneous倾角Angle of inclination跨度Span正极Positive pole负极Negative pole截面(积) Cross section area辅助电源Auxiliary source遮断容量Interrupting capacity载流量Current-carrying capacity校正系数Correction factor连续负荷Continuous load长期载流量Continuous capacity长时间额定值Longtime rating电动机堵转电流Locked-rotor motor current限定负荷Limited load电感负荷Inductive load感应电流Induced current二．线路（母线、回路）Lines (Bus , circuits)母线Bus-bar合闸电源母线Closing power source bus闪光母线Flashing-bus备用母线Spare bus装在支柱上的插接式母线Post-supported plug-in bus way装在吊钩上的插接式母线Hook-supported plug-in bus way装在支架上的插接式母线Bracket-supported plug-in bus way小母线Miniature bus电源小母线Power supply miniature bus操作小母线Operating miniature bus事故信号小母线Miniature bus for fault signal闪光小母线Flashing miniature bus主母线Main bus直流主母线D.C. main bus预告母线Prewarning bus干线Main line照明干线Lighting main line接地干线Grounding main line插座干线Receptacle main line电压干线V oltage main line端子出线Terminal outgoing中性线Neutral支线Branch-line引入线Lead-in电气线路Electric circuit交流配电线路A.C. distribution circuit直流配电线路D.C. distribution circuit事故照明线路Emergency lighting circuit控制线路Control circuit接地或接零线路Grounding or neutralizing circuit信号线路Signal circuit有接地极的接地线路网Grounding with grounding electrodes定子绕组测温回路Temperature measuring circuit for stator winding 接地信号回路Grounding signal circuit闪光信号回路Flashing-signal circuit开阀回路Circuit for opening valve关（闭）阀回路Circuit for closing valve开度计回路Circuit for opening meter电流测量回路Current-measuring circuit差动保护回路Differental protective circuit过流保护回路Over-current protective circuit合闸回路Closing circuit停车延时回路Delayed shutdown circuit掉闸回路Trip circuit激磁回路Exciting circuit备用回路Spare circuit主回路Main circuit馈路Feeder circuit现有回路Existing circuit单线回路Single-wire circuit接地回路Earthed circuit有电压的电路Live circuit三．设备Equipments高压开关柜H.V. switchgear动力配电箱Power distribution cabinet电源配电箱Source distribution cabinet直流配电屏D.C. switchboard (distribution panel)交流低压配电屏A.C.L.V. switchboard (distribution panel)静电电容器柜Static capacitor cabinet多种电源插销箱Receptacle box for miscellaneous power supplies控制箱Control cabinet照明配电箱Lighting (distribution panel)连接箱Junction box出线盒Outlet box开关箱Switch box控制台Console分段屏Sectionalizing panel进线屏Incoming line panel电控箱Electric control panel边屏Side board端子箱Terminal box供电盘Power supply box瓶车箱Synchronizing cabinet感应调压器专用变压器高压柜Special transformer H.V. cabinet for induction voltage regulator电压互感器柜Potential transformer cabinet信号屏Signal panel浮充屏Floating panel蓄电池屏Battery panel充电屏Charging panel母线联络柜Bus tie cabinet转换开关Transfer switch电压表转换开关V oltmeter change-over switch铁壳开关Metal-clad switch (Iron-clad switch)管式熔断器Cartridge fuse真空断路器Vacuum circuit breaker (V.C.B.)自动开关Automatic switch高压负荷开关H.V. load break switch三极高压断路器3-pole HV circuit-breaker刀开关Knife switch转换开关Transfer switch双极铁壳开关2-pole iron-clad switch风扇变速开关Fan speed regulator switch密闭照明灯开关Hermetic lighting switch防爆照明灯开关Explosion-proof lighting switch行程开关Limit switch高压隔离开关H.V. disconnecting switch明装单极板钮开关Surface-mounted single-pole toggle switch 暗装单极板钮开关Flush-mounted single-pole toggle switch三路开关Three-way switch气密式组合开关Hermetic packet type switch防护式开关Guard type switch联锁开关Interlock switch操作方式选择开关Selecting switch for types of operation控制电源开关Switch for control supply主令开关Master switch (controller)多切点切换开关Multi-point change-over switch按钮Push-button控制按钮Control push-button防爆控制按钮Explosion-proof control push-button事故紧急按钮Emergency stopping push-button起动按钮Starting push-button停止按钮Stopping push-button现场按钮Push-button in field挡板damper音响解除按钮Push-button for sound release起动器Starter磁力起动器Magnetic starter综合起动器Combination starter (Magnetic starter combination) 电力变压器Power transformer调压变压器V oltage regulating transformer电压互感器Potential transformer电流互感器Current transformer照明变压器Lighting transformer三相三绕组变压器3-phase tertiary winding transformer高压试验变压器H.V. testing transformer局部照明变压器Local lighting transformer多量程仪用电流互感器Multi-range current transformer for measurement降压变压器Step-down transformer伺服电动机Servo-motor双电压电动机Dual-voltage motor感应电动机Induction motor交流异步电动机A.C. asynchronous motor同步电动机synchronous motor三相滑环感应电动机3-phase slip-ring induction motor三相鼠笼感应电动机3-phase squirrel-cage induction motor绕线式电动机Wound-rotor induction motor反应式电动机Reaction motor柴油发电机Diesel generator励磁发电机Excitation generator明装双极插座Surface-mounted 2-pole receptacle暗装双极插座Flush-mounted 2-pole receptacle双极带接地插座2-pole receptacle with grounding contact单相三孔明插座Surface-mounted single phase 3-pole receptacle防护式明装三相四孔插座Guard type surface-mounted 3-phase 4-pole receptacle 配照型灯Standard dome lighting fitting搪瓷深照型灯Enameled high bay lighting fitting防水防尘灯Water and dust proof lighting fitting安全灯Safety lighting fitting隔爆灯Explosion-proof lighting fitting弯灯Goose-neck light壁灯Wall light高压水银灯High pressure mercury vapor lighting fitting投光灯Flood-light (projection light)信号灯Signal lamp天棚灯Ceiling-mounted lighting fitting局部照明灯Local lighting fitting灯座Lamp holder事故照明灯Emergency lighting fitting高压水银荧光灯H.P. mercury fluorescent lighting fitting广照型工厂灯Wide lit type industrial fitting深照型灯具High bay lighting fitting白炽灯具Incandescent lamp (bulb)圆球型灯Globe lamp嵌入式荧光灯flush type fluorescent lighting fitting红色障碍灯Red obstruction lamp for aviation厂区道路照明灯Street lighting in plant area路灯Street lamp视孔灯Inspection hole lamp立杆弯灯goose-neck post lamp , pole lamp模拟报警信号Semigraph and alarm signal自整角机Selsyn励磁机Exciter显示器Display电位器Potentiometer内电阻Internal resistance固定电阻（器）Fixed resistance脱扣Release , trip分励Shunt trip特殊失压脱扣器Special no-voltage release“或”开关放大器“Or” switch amplifier制动器Brake电容Capacitor整流器Rectifier镇流器Chock分流器Shunt油变阻器Oil immersed rheostat频敏电阻器Frequency sensitive rheostat滑线变阻器Sliding rheostat蜂鸣器Buzzer电机加热器Space heater (for motor)空气断路器电机操作机构Motor operating mechanism for air circuit-breaker 可控硅励磁装置Silicon controlled rectifier excitation device保护装置Protective device (element)闪光装置Flashing device接闪装置（避雷器）Lightning arrester断相保护Phase failure protection四．保护、继电器Protection , relays信号继电器Signal relay过电流继电器Over-current relay电压继电器V oltage relay时间继电器Time relay中间继电器Auxiliary relay热继电器Thermal relay温度继电器Temperature relay瓦斯继电器Gas relay控制电源中间继电器Auxiliary relay for control supply自动操作继电器Relay for auto-operation低电压继电器Under-voltage relay过电压继电器Over-voltage relay联锁继电器Interlock relay冲击继电器Impact relay合闸位置继电器Close position relay逆流继电器Reverse-current relay差流继电器Differential current relay差动继电器Differential relay电流继电器Current relay功率继电器Power relay接地继电器Earthing relay重合闸继电器Reclosing relay同步继电器Synchronous relay速动继电器Quick acting relay定时限继电器Definite time relay光电继电器Photoelectric relay电子继电器Electronic relay电磁式继电器Electromagnetic relay电动式继电器Electrodynamic relay气压继电器Gas-pressure relay继电器常开触点Relay N.O. contact继电器常闭触点Relay N.C. contact继电器保护触点（常开）Relay holding contact (N.O.)能自动返回的常闭按钮触点Self-return button with N.C. contact模拟信号触点Contact for semigraph signal强励磁接点Shock excitation contact电感线圈Induction coil电流线圈Current coil脱扣线圈Trip coil合闸线圈Close coil释放线圈Releasing coil掉闸线圈Tripping coil予告信号Prewarning signal掉闸回路断线信号Breakage signal of trip circuit断路器事故掉闸信号Fault trip signal of breaker掉闸音响信号Tripping audible signal重瓦斯预告信号Heavy gas prewarning signal温度预告信号Temperature prewarning signal手动、自动操作时事故信号Fault signal in manual/automatic operation 保护掉闸Protective trip控制掉闸Control trip手动跳闸Manual trip变电所紧急停车Emergency shutdown at substation工艺故障Fault in process励磁故障Fault in excitation工作电源失电报警No-voltage alarm of working electric source工作电源分合闸On and off of working electric source工作电源投入Throw-in of working electric source保安电源送电supply of emergency electric source运转指示Indicating of operation投入指示Indicating of throw-in同步指示Indicating of synchronism延时停车Delayed shutdown电源切除Switch off the power supply速断及过流断通Instantaneous trip and over-current off/on自保持Self-holding自锁Self-lock联锁Interlocking绝缘监视Insulation supervision电压监视V oltage supervision联锁解除Release of interlock工作、保安电源切换Transfer of working and emergency power supply发电机与工作母线并车Synchronization of generator to working bus重瓦斯保护Heavy gas protection开或闭超扭矩保护Over-torque protection during opening and closing valve 电机起动顺序Sequence of motor starting铭牌框注字Name plate denotation (inscription)五．电气仪表Electric instruments电流表Ammeter电压表V oltmeter三相三线有功电度表Three-phase three-wire kilowatt-hour meter , kWh meter 单相电度表Single-phase kilowatt-hour meter三相无功电度表Three-phase kilovar-hour meter有功功率表Active power meter , kilowatt meter无功功率表Reactive power meter , kilovar meter三相瓦特表(功率表) Three-phase watt meter功率因数表Power factor meter频率表Frequency meter验电流器Galvanoscope欧姆表Ohmmeter相位表Phase meter转速表Tachometer波长表Wave-length meter三相四线制标准电度表3-phase 4-wire standard watthour-meter过载电流表Overload ammeter低功率因数瓦特表Low power-factor wattmeter交直流两用钳型电流表 A.C./D.C. multi-purpose tongtester兆欧表Megger , Megohmmeter万用表Avometer微安表Microammeter毫安表Milliammeter各种测量仪表Various kind of measuring instruments 接地电阻测量仪Earthing resistance tester真空管电压表Vacuum tube voltmeter电动秒表Electric second-meter六．防雷Lightning protection避雷装置Lightning protector避雷针Lightning rod避雷带Strap type lightning protector避雷网Network of lightning protector避雷针支架Lightning rod support避雷针尖Tip of lightning rod避雷针拉铁Brace for lightning rod避雷器Lightning arrester , surge discharger球型避雷器Spherical arrester管形避雷器Tubular arrester阀形避雷器Auto-valve arrester低压避雷器Low voltage arrester角形避雷器Horn arrester多隙避雷器Multigap arrester铝避雷器Aluminum cell arrester氧化膜避雷器Oxide film arrester击穿保险器Puncture lightning arrester雷击Lightning stroke直接雷击Direct lightning stroke感应雷击Induction lightning stroke雷电日Thunderbolt days雷电或然率Lightning and thunder probability触电Electric shock静电感应Electrostatic induction七．接地Grounding , earthing接地保护Ground protection , earth protection防雷接地Grounding for lightning保护接地Protective earthing人工接地Artificial grounding工作接地Working grounding , working earthing重复接地Multiple earthing屏蔽接地Screen earthing , shielding ground中性点接地Neutral point grounded接地系统Grounding system , earthing system接地故障Ground fault , earth fault单相接地Single phase earthing母线接地Bus ground接地装置Grounding device , earthing device引下线Down-lead , down conductor引下线固定Clamping plate of support for fixing支架夹板Down lead引下线固定支脚Support for fixing down lead接地线Ground connector接地干线Ground(ing) main , (bus)接地网Grounding network , earthing network接地极Earth electrode (pole)接地电阻Earth resistance接地电路Earth (ground) circuit连接条Connecting strip断接卡Connecting clamp八．室、所Room , Substation贮藏室Storage套间Compartment蓄电池室Battery room控制室Control room配电室Distribution room维修间Repair room变电所Substation高压配电室H.V. distribution room休息室Rest room九．电修车间设备Equipments of electric repair砂轮机Emery wheel grinder台钻Bench drilling machine交流电焊机A.C. welding machine移动式空气压缩机Portable air compressor手电钻Electric hand drill单速手摇绕线机Single speed hand winding machine导线钳压器Wire jointing press-clamp油压千斤顶Hydraulic jack电吹尘器Electric dust cleaner存放柜Store chest高压试验变压器H.V. testing transformer泄漏试验变压器Leakage testing set大电流发生器Strong current generator油浸自冷感应调压器Oil-immersed self-cooled induction voltage regulator 多量程仪用电流互感器Multi-range current transformer for measurement 仪用电感互感器Instrumental voltage transformer单相自耦变压器Single-phase auto-transformer三相自耦变压器3-phase auto-transformer硅整流器Silicon rectifier仪表试验台Testing stand for instrument接触器，继电器试验台Relay and contactor testing stand慢扫描示波器Slow scanning oscillograph交流电子稳压器A.C. electronic voltage stabilizer携带式交流电桥Portable A.C. electric bridge接地电阻测量仪Earthing resistance tester电缆故障探伤仪Cable fault detector直流单臂电桥D.C. single-arm electric bridge , Wheatstone bridge 十．材料Material绝缘包布Insulating tape填料Filler , packing绝缘膏Insulating compound电缆膏Cable compound防腐油Anti-corrosive oil沥青漆Bituminous varnish绝缘漆Insulating varnish瓷漆Enamel varnish有色金属Non-ferrous metal黑色金属ferrous metal白金属White metal云母Mica环氧树脂Epoxy resin聚氯乙烯Polyvinyl chloride , PVC蜡Wax滑石粉Talc powder电胶木Bakelite聚丙烯外壳Polyacrylic cover耐油橡胶管Oil-proof rubber tubes接地铜线Grounding copper wire垫圈Pad塑料绝缘线Plastics insulated wire橡套电缆Rubber sheathed cable中间接头Splice填充剂Filling agent绝缘电线Insulated wire移动软电缆Movable flexible cable补偿导线Extension wire套管Bushing母线槽Busway悬索Cable suspension滑触线Trolley conductor镀锌煤气管Galvanized gas pipe镀锌角钢Galvanized steel angle镀锌扁钢Galvanized steel strap钢丝绳Steel wire rope电笛Siren电磁阀Electromagnetic valve连接片Connecting link切换片Transfering link端子排Terminal board半导体二极管Semiconductor diode开度计Opening meter逻辑元件Logical element接线盒Junction box仪表槽板Instrument trunking电缆吊架Cable hanger出线套Outgoing line sleeve十一．图名Drawings , diagrams电气图纸目录Contents of electric drawings电力系统图Electric power system diagram照明系统图Lighting system diagram电力平面布置图Electric power layout plan照明平面布置图Lighting layout plan单线图One line diagram控制箱面部布置图Surface arrangement of control box背部接线图Back wiring (diagram)外部接线图External (outside) wiring diagram内部接线图Internal (inside) wiring diagram控制原理图Principle control diagram原理图Schematic diagram展开图Developed diagram电气标准图Electric standard drawing电气施工图Electric working drawing复用图Reproducibles (drawing)电缆联系图Cable hook-up diagram转换开关接点图Contact diagram of transfer switch箱侧视图Side view of box正视图Front view , facade背视图Back view剖面图Section参考图Reference drawing电缆敷设图Cable laying diagram箱内框架布置图Arrangement of frames inside the cabinet控制箱台面展开图Surface developed diagram of console出线端子示意图Schematic diagram of terminal outgoing lines 端子接线图Diagram of terminal connections电气管线表List of wire , cable and conduits设备材料表List of equipment and materials十二．表头Tables电力系统图Power system diagram引入线Lead in保护设备Protective device型号Type额定值Rating整定值Setting主启动设备回路Circuit to starting device导线型号、芯数、截面及管径Conductor type , cores , section & diameter of conduit 线长Wire length管长Conduit length启动设备Starting device型号规格Type , specification保护元件Protective element计量装置Calculating device用电设备主回路Main circuit of electric equipment控制回路Control circuit控制装置Control device用电设备Electric equipment设备容量Consumer capacity生产设备Production equipment位号No. of location名称Name备注Remarks引入线Feed in配电箱Distribution cabinet型号及编号Type and No.开关型号Switch type保护装置Protective device回路编号Circuit No.相别Phase灯数Number of lamps插座数Number of receptacles电缆编号No. of line起点Starting终点Ending母线截面Section of bus零母线Neutral bus屏编号Panel No.型号及方案号Type and variant No.控制原理图号Principle control diagram工艺位号Process item No.十三．标准图词汇Terms from standard DWG电工系统图图形符号Graphic symbols for electric system交流电的相别A.C. phase sequence直流电的正负极D.C. positive and negative poles有中性点引出线的星形连接的三相绕组Star-connected three phase windings withneutral outlet开口三角形连接的三相绕组3-phase winding with open delta connection 互相连接的导线Cross connection of wires不连接的跨越导线Crossing wires not in contact with each other可拆卸的电气连接Removable connection电缆终端头Pothead of cable or cable end自耦变压器Auto-transformer感应调压器Induction voltage regulator凸极同步电动机Salient pole synchronous motor带接换装置的蓄电池组Accumulator battery with tap-changers空气断路器Air circuit-breaker保持触点Holding contact热元件Thermal element自动复位的操作开关Spring-return operating switch插接器Plug-in connector电喇叭Horn电炉Electric furnace分流器Shunt可控硅整流箱屏Silicon controlled rectifier box panel直流配电屏D.C. distributing panel磁力起动器组Magnetic starter group自动开关箱Automatic switch box行程开关Limit switch局部灯Local lighting fitting荧光灯列Series fluorescent lighting fitting防护式灯开关Protective switch导线引上Conductors turning up导线引下Conductors turning down导线由上引来Conductors turning from above导线由下引来Conductors turning from below电缆沟Cable trench调压器V oltage regulator隔离变压器Isolating transformer击穿保护器Puncturing safety device晶体管Transisorized diode地坪Grade level电缆与水管平行Cable running parallel to a water supply pipe电缆与热力管道交叉敷设Cable running across heat pipeline车道Drive way电缆穿管与管道交叉Cable protective pipe across a pipeline双(单)侧支架电缆沟Trench with rack on both sides (one side)室外地坪Outdoor grade跨接线Jumper金属软管Flexible metal tube过渡接头Adapter。