2014年湖南省高考 文综 模拟仿真试题(4-2)

俯视图正视图 侧视图图2湖南省重点高中2014届高三高考仿真模拟测试数学文4一、选择题：本大题共9小题，每小题5分，共45分.在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．1．复数1ii-（i 为虚数单位）的模等于 AB ．2C D ．122．某教辅书店有四类高考复习用书，其中语文类、数学类、文科综合类及英语类分别有20种、10种、40种、30种，现从中抽取一个容量为20的样本进行检测.若采用分层抽样的方法抽取样本,则抽取的数学类与文科综合类书籍种数之和是A ．4B ．6C ．8D ．103．已知等差数列}{n a 的前n 项和为n S ，若34512a a a ++=，则7S 的值为 A ．56 B ．42 C ．28 D ．14 4．执行右边的程序框图1，输出的T=A ．6B ．8C ．10D ．155．下面四个命题中的真命题是A ．命题“∀x ∈R ,均有x 2−3x −2≥0”的否定是:“∃x ∈R ,使得x 2−3x −2≤0”B ．命题“若x 2=1,则x =1”的否命题为：“若x 2=1,则x ≠1”C ．已知平面向量a →=(2, −1),b →=(x , 3)，则a →//b →的充要条件是x=−6D ．“命题p ∨q 为真”是“命题p ∧q6．已知一个几何体的三视图如图2所示，则该几何体的体积为 A．p + B ．p +C ．4p + D ．4p +7．已知边长为2的正方形ABCD ，在正方形ABCD 内随机取一点，则取到的点到正方形四个顶点A ，B ，C ，D 的距离都大于1的概率为A ．16pB ．4p C D ．14p-8．当2x >时，不等式21270x a x a -+++…()恒成立，则实数a 的取值范围是A ．39轾-臌,B ．(9ù- û,C ．3- (,]D ．9+ [,)9．若规定[]x ()x R Î表示不超过x 的最大整数，{}[]x x x =-如：[ 1.2]2,[2.3]2-=-=，{}1.2 1.2(2)0.8-=---=，则函数()sin {}f x x x =-在区间[,]p p -内零点的个数是A ．3B ．4C ．5D ．7二、填空题：本大题共6小题，每小题5分，共30分. 把答案填在答题卡中对应题号后的横线上.10．若函数2(0)()1()(0)2x x x f x x ìï<ïï=íïïïî…，则()f x 的值域为 . 11．若实数x ,y 满足约束条件3123x y x y x y ì+ïïï--íïï-ïïî……?3, 则目标函数2z x y =+的最小值为______.12．已知圆C 的参数方程为2x y qq ìï=ïíï=+ïîcos sin q (为参数)，以原点为极点，x 轴的非负半轴为极轴建立极坐标系，直线的极坐标方程为21r q r q +=cos sin , 则直线被圆所截得的弦长是 .13．在△ABC 中，已知5,3,120a b C === ,则sin B 的值是 .14．已知椭圆22135x y m n +=和双曲线22123x y m n-=有公共的焦点，那么双曲线的渐近线方程是 .15．将含有3n 个正整数的集合M 分成元素个数相等且两两没有公共元素的三个集合A 、B 、C ，其中12{,,,}n A a a a =，12{,,,}n B b b b =，12{,,,}n C c c c =，若A 、B 、C中的元素满足条件：12n c c c <<<，k k k a b c +=，k =1,2，…，n ，则称M 为“完并集合”.（1）若{1,,3,4,5,6}M x =为“完并集合”，则x 的一个可能值为 .（写出一个即可）（2）对于“完并集合”{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12}M =，在所有符合条件的集合C 中，其元素乘积最小的集合是 .三、解答题：本大题共6小题，共75分. 解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤. 16．（本小题满分12分）已知函数2()(2cos sin 2)(0)f x a x x b a =++> （Ⅰ）求)(x f 的最小正周期T ；（Ⅱ）若[0,]4x pÎ时，)(x f的值域是[1,，求实数a 、b 的值.17．（本小题满分12分）某学校研究性学习课题组为了研究学生的数学成绩优秀和物理成绩优秀之间的关系，随（Ⅰ）根据上表完成下面的2×2列联表，并说明能否有99%的把握认为学生的数学成绩（Ⅱ）记数学、物理成绩均优秀的6名学生为A 、B 、C 、D 、E 、F ，现从中选2名学生进行自主招生培训，求A 、B 两人中至少有一人被选中的概率.参考公式及数据：22()()()()()n ad bc K a b c d a c b d -=++++AB CA 1B 1C 118．（本小题满分12分）如图3，三棱柱111ABC A B C -的底面边长和侧棱长都是a ，侧面11BB C C ^底面ABC ,且160B BC? . （Ⅰ）求证:1AB BC ^；（Ⅱ）求直线1AC 与平面ABC 所成角的正弦值.19．（本小题满分13分）已知抛物线21:2(0)C x py p =>，圆222:8120C x y y +-+=的圆心M 到抛物线1C 的准线的距离为92，点P 是抛物线1C 上一点，过点P 、M 的直线交抛物线1C 于另一点Q ，且||2||PM MQ =，过点P 作圆2C 的两条切线，切点为A 、B .（Ⅰ）求抛物线1C 的方程；（Ⅱ）求直线PQ 的方程及PA PB ×的值.20．（本小题满分13分）某企业生产一种特种电线，年成本为100万元，2012年年产量为40万米，售价为5元/米.根据市场调查估计，从2013年开始的若干年（不少于10年）内，该种电线每年的售价将比上年增加1元/米，在这样的市场前景下，假设不新增投资，该企业的年产量将可维持不变；若决定2013年初新增投资400万元，引进一套先进的生产设备，该设备引进后，第xyO PQMAB 图3图4一年可使该特种电线年产量在2012年产量的基础上增加10万米，但由于设备的逐渐损耗，从第二年开始，每年相对于2012年产量的增加量只有前一年相对于2012年产量的增加量的80%.（Ⅰ）到2020年时，此特种电线的售价为多少？如果引进新设备，求出2013年至2020年8年中，该企业生产此特种电线的产量总和.（Ⅱ）若新引进的设备只能使用10年，试分析该企业2013年初是否应该新增投资引进该设备？(附：70.80.21»,90.80.13»)21．（本小题满分13分）已知实数0a >，函数1()2ln f x ax x x =--，23()(1)(01)2g x ax a x x =-++剟. （Ⅰ）求函数()f x 单调区间；（Ⅱ）若()f x 在区间[1,2]上为增函数，且对任意1[1,2]x Î，总存在2[0,1]x Î，使()f x 在1x x =处的导数12()()f xg x ¢=成立，求实数a 的取值范围.参考答案一、选择题：本大题共9小题，每小题5分，共45分.在每小题给出的四个选项中， 只有一项是符合题目要求的．1．A 2．D 3．C 4．C 5．C 6．A 7．D 8．B 9．B二、填空题：本大题共6小题，每小题5分，共30分. 把答案填在答题卡中对应题号后的横线上.10． (0,1] 11．4 12． 14．.y x = 15.（1）7,9,11 中任一个 （2）{6,10,11,12}三、解答题：本大题共6小题，共75分. 解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤. 16．（本小题满分12分） （Ⅰ）解：∵()(cos2sin 21)f x a x x b =+++……………………………………2分cos(2)4x a b p-++ ………………………………………4分 ∴ 22T pp ==.………………………………………6分（Ⅱ）∵04x p ＃ ，∴2444xpp p-? ，cos(2)14x p………………………………………8分∵)(x f 的值域是， ∴max ()()8f x f a b p==++=min ()(0)21f x f a b ==+=，………………………………………10分 解得1,1a b ==-………………………………………12分17．（本小题满分12分）（Ⅰ）表格为分根据上述列联表求得220(61022)2456.80681281236k ? == 创 6.635> 所以有99%的把握认为：学生的数学成绩优秀与物理成绩优秀之间有关系． ……………………………………………………………………………………6分 （Ⅱ）从A 、B 、C 、D 、E 、F 这6名学生中选2人，有（A,B ），（A,C ）,(A,D), (A,E), (A,F),(B,C), (B,D), (B,E), (B,F), (C,D), (C,E), (C,F), (E,D), (D,F),(E,F),共15ABCA 1B 1C 1D E个基本事件，……………………………………………………………………………9分其中A 、B 两人中至少有一人被选中有（A,B ），（A,C ）,(A,D), (A,E), (A,F), (B,C), (B,D), (B,E), (B,F),共9个基本事件 P=915=35…………………………………………………………………………12分 18．（本小题满分12分） 解：（Ⅰ）设BC 的中点为D ，连结AD ,1B D ,1B C .由题设知，ABC D 和1BB C D 都是等边三角形， 因此1,BC AD BC B D ^^………4分BC \^平面1AB D ，1BC AB \^.……………………6分（Ⅱ）作1C E BC ^，垂足是E ，连结AE平面11BB C C ^平面ABC ，1C E \^平面ABC1C AE \ 就是直线1AC 与平面ABC 所成的角 ………………………8分160B BC?,1C C //1B B111160,,2C CE C C a C E CE a\?=\==又， 在1,,,1202ACE AC a CE a ACEAE D ==?\=中……………………10分 1AC\= 因此111sin C E C AEAC ?=…………………………12分即直线1AC 与平面ABC .19．（本小题满分13分）解析：（Ⅰ）222:(4)4C x y +-=，∴(0,4)M ， …………………………1分抛物线21:2C x py =的准线方程是2py =-，依题意： 9422p +=，∴1p =，…………………………3分 ∴抛物线1C 的方程为：22x y =.…………………………4分（Ⅱ）设PQ 的方程：4y kx =+2242802y kx x kx x yì=+ïï?-=íï=ïî，设1122(,),(,)P x y Q x y ， 则11(,4)PM x y =--，22(,4)MQ x y =-，∵||2||PM MQ =，∴2PM MQ =，122x x ∴-=…① 又122x x k +=…②，128x x =-…③， 由①②③得1k = ， ∴PQ 的方程为：4y x=? ………………………………………………………9分xy O PQMAB取PQ 的方程：4y x =+，和抛物线22x y =联立得P 点坐标为P （4,8）∴||PM =,AM BM ，||||PA PB PM ==设APMa ?，则sinAM PM a ==， ……………………………11分∴||||cos2PA PB PA PB a ?=228(12sin )a ?=21.…………………13分20．（本小题满分13分） 解：（Ⅰ）依题意，设从2013年开始的若干年（不少于10年）内，该种电线的售价为一个以a 1=6为首项，d= 1为公差的等差数列{a n }.故到2020年时，此特种电线的售价为a 8，即为13元/米. 工协作 ………………………………………………3分如果引进新设备，则2013年至2020年8年中，该企业生产此特种电线的产量总和为40⨯8+(10+10⨯0.8+10⨯0.82+…+10⨯0.87)=361.6(万米)………………6分（Ⅱ）引进新设备后的10年内，设增加产量带来的收入增加量为S ，由题意有：S=10a 1+10×0.8×a 2+…+10×0.89×a 10=10×(6+7×0.8+8×0.82+…+15×0.89)…………………………………① …………………………………8分0.8S=10×(6×0.8+7×0.82+8×0.83+…+15×0.810) ……………………………②①—②得，0.2S=10×(6+0.8+0.82+0.83+…+0.89-15×0.810)∴S=50(10-16×0.89)=50×7.92=396, ………………………………………12分 ∵S<400，故该企业2013初不应新增投资引进该设备.……………………………………13分 21．（本小题满分13分）解：（Ⅰ）2221() (0)ax x f x x x-+¢=>…………………………………………1分 当1a ³时，440a D =- ，()0f x ¢\ 恒成立.故()f x 在(0,)+ 上为增函数；……………3分当01a <<时，由()0f x x ¢＾0()f x ∴的递减区间为，递增区间为)+ ……………………………6分 （Ⅱ）∵()f x 在区间[1,2]上为增函数，∴2221()0ax x f x x -+¢= ，[1,2]x Î恒成立， 即2210ax x -+ 恒成立， 即：221a x x?. 11[1,2] [,1]2x x 蝄无22211(1)11x x x-=--+1a \ ……………………………………………………………………8分 222313(1)()(1)()2224a a g x ax a x a x a a++=-++=-+-，当1a ³时，11122a a +< ，2min 13(1)()()224a a g x g a a ++\==-，max 3(0)2g g ==， 所以函数()g x 的值域为23(1)3[,]242a M a +=-.…………………………10分 又11[1,2] [,1]2x x 蝄 2222113()(1)1[1,]4ax x f x a a a x x -+¢?=+--?-， 故函数()f x ¢值域为3[1,]4N a a =-- …………………­………………11分依题意应有N M Í23(1)192443342a a a a a ìï+ï-?ïïï\íïï- ïïïî或0a < …………12分又1a ³，故所求为9]4a Î…………………………………………13分。

2014年湖南省高考模拟仿真试题（4-2）英语试题Part ⅠListening Comprehension (30 marks)Section A(22.5 marks)Directions: In this section, you will hear six conversations between two speakers. For each conversation, there are several questions and each question is followed by three choices marked A，B and C. Listen carefully and then choose the best answer for each question.You will hear each conversation TWICE.EXAMPLE：When will the magazine probably arrive?A. Wednesday.B. Thursday.C. Friday.The answer is B.Conversation 1(C )1. What does the woman enjoy doing during her trips?A. Meeting different people.B. Trying the local food.C. Taking pictures.(A)2. Why does the man like the last photo best?A. It’s very amusing.B. It has beautiful scenery.C. His best friend is in it.Conversation 2(B)3. How old was the woman when she won the competition?A. 10.B. 11.C. 7.(C)4. What prize did the woman win?A. 20 dollars.B. Some books.C. A gift certificate.Conversation 3(B)5. Why does the man make his phone call?A. To buy a table.B. To reserve a table.C. To book a ticket.(C)6. What time do the speakers set at last?A. 7：00.B. 8：00.C. 9：00.Conversation 4(A)7. Where does this conversation take place?A. In a flat building.B. In the man’s office.C. In the woman’s hou se.(B)8. What is the woman looking for?A. A two-bedroom flat.B. A three-bedroom flat.C. A ground-floor flat.(C)9. What does the woman think of the flat?A. It is too small to live in.B. It is too expensive to buy.C. It is satisfying on the whole.Conversation 5(B)10. How does the man feel this evening?A. Tired.B. Unhappy.C. Disappointed.(A)11.Why doesn’t the man like his present job?A. He feels lonely.B. He has to work at night.C. His boss is strict with him.(C)12. What do we know about the man?A. He has to work every night.B. He is quiet in character.C. He doesn’t care about working at night.Conversation 6(A)13. Where did Andrew find the money?A. In a phone booth.B. On his way to school.C. Outside the newspaper office.(B)14. What did Andrew do after he found the money?A. He took the money to a nearby bank.B. He called the police.C. He looked for its owner.(A)15. What can be inferred from the conversation?A. A TV program covered Andrew’s story.B. The woman is grateful to Andrew.C. Andrew has a full-time job.Section B (7.5 marks)Directions: In this section, you will hear a short passage. Listen carefully and then fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Fill in each blank with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS.You will hear the short passage TWICE.Time 16.__Thursday__Place Sao Paulo’s Ibirapuera StadiumEvent Australia－Brazil, the semifinal of the sport’s World Championship for17.__basketball__Course 1st quarter18.__21－21__ 2nd quarter40－39 (Brazil leading)3rd quarter19.__64－57__(Brazil leading)Result Australia beat Brazil 88－76, thanks to20.__(great)_teamwork__Part ⅡLanguage Knowledge (45 marks)Section A (15 marks)Directions: For each of the following unfinished sentences there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.21. When you think about your future career, remember that some glamorous jobs can be rather difficult and ________ some ordinary jobs can be quite important.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. when22. In the video the bird is seen jumping up and down, ________his head back and forth, and flapping his wings to the song.A. has shakenB. to shakeC. shakingD. shakes23. Mary is so devoted to whatever she is doing that it won’t be long ________she learns something well.A. beforeB. sinceC. whenD. as24. This is a simple idea, ________ is hard to put into practice.A. oneB. thatC. itD. one that25. We are now consuming these fuels at a much higher rate than they ________.A. producedB. being producedC. are producedD. are being produced26. For a lot of people, stewardesses are the face of the airline. They ________ ideas of beauty, handsome salaries, freedom to travel and a glamorous lifestyle.A. have long been associated withB. had long been associated withC. have long associated withD. were long associated with27. Life can be discouraging, but you don’t have to be discouraged. Even when there is no reason for joy, ________ truly joyful.A. does beB. do beC. beingD. to be28. To become successful, you may find it important to read about successful people ________ how they achieve success.A. seeingB. being seenC. having seenD. to see29. I learned Russian for 6 months at college. Because of no professional teachers, I ________ Russian again since then.A. had never learnedB. have never learnedC. never learnedD. was never learning30. ________ in the east of the city, the new middle school is very beautiful, attracting more and more students from the other provinces.A. LocatingB. Being locatedC. LocatedD. To locate31. The child tiptoed quietly to the bird, but ________ into the forest when he was about to catch it.A. flew it awayB. away flew itC. away it flewD. flew away it32. Damage caused by flooding in the small town ________ by a government official, and the total loss was reported last Monday.A. is inspectedB. is being inspectedC. was being inspectedD. had been inspected33. —When did you first pay a visit to America?—As early as the 1980s, but I ________ there for only a few weeks.A. had stayedB. would stayC. stayedD. were staying34. I am so glad that my job interview ________ be so successful, which is far from my expectation.A. mightB. wouldC. shouldD. must35. The whole street hasn’t been cleaned fo r a whole week, so the number of rats________ increasing and quantities of rubbish ________ been piled up.A. is; haveB. is; hasC. are; haveD. are; hasSection B (18 marks)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in the blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Time spent in a bookshop can be most enjoyable, whether you are a book-lover or merely you are there to buy a book as a present. Whatever the reason is, you can soon become totally __36__ of your surroundings.The desire to pick up a book with an attractive dust jacket is irresistible, although this method of selection ought not to be followed, as you might end up with a rather __37__ book.You soon become interested in some __38__or other, and usually it is only much later that you realize you have spent far too much time there and must __39__ off to keep some forgotten appointment—without buying a book, of course.This opportunity to __40__ the realities of everyday life is, I think, the main attraction of a bookshop. There are not many places where it is possible to do this. You can __41__ such places to your heart’s content. If it is a good shop, no assistant will have an inevitable greeting, “Can I help you, sir？”You finished browsing. Then, and only then, are his services __42__. Of course you may want to find out where a particular __43__ is, but when he has led you there, the assistant should __44__ carefully and look as if he is not interested in selling a single book.You have to be careful not to be __45__ by the variety of books in a bookshop. It is very easy to enter the shop looking for a book on ancient coins and to come out carrying one of the __46__ best-selling novels. This sort of thing can be very dangerous. Apart from running up a huge __47__，you can waste a great deal of time wandering from section to section.【1】A. unknown B. unaware C. uncommon D. unsuspecting【2】A. dull B. interesting C. precious D. valuable【3】A. magazine B. picture C. newspaper D. book【4】A. dash B. leave C. drop D. run【5】A. avoid B. escape C. miss D. break【6】A. search for B. wander round C. go to D. leave out【7】A. essential B. important C. necessary D. compulsory【8】A. district B. place C. region D. section【9】A. retire B. stand C. read D. work【10】A. cheated B. driven C. absorbed D. attracted【小题11】A. oldest B. dearest C. latest D. cheapest【小题12】A. cashes B. money C. account D. bankDirections: Complete the following passage by filling in each blank with one word that best fits the context.Strength does not come from winning. Your struggles develop your strength. When you go 48.__ __ hardships and decide not to surrender, that is strength. Don’t worry them because some of the most beautiful things 49.__ __ we have in life come from only changes and mistakes. Struggles increase your inner strength. You can’t always realize what you can do until you get50.__ __ chance to actually do that. The hard times in your life give you the opportunity to prove51.__ __. Every struggle in your life makes you stronger and 52._ __ confident and productive. Hard times help you realize your inner strength. Remember, hard times do 53.__ __ create heroes. It is during the hard times that the hero within us is revealed.Be strong, because things will get better one day. It might be stormy now, 54._ _ it can’t rain forever. 55.__ _ a matter of fact, the most important lessons in your life are learned through hard times and struggles. So discover your inner strength and find out what you can do!Part ⅢReading Comprehension (30 marks)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage.AThe Yale Peabody Museum is open：Monday through Saturday 10：00 a．m. to 5：00 p．m.Sunday Noon to 5：00 p．m.The Museum is closed on New Year’s Day, Easter Sunday, Inde pendence Day, Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Eve, and Christmas Day.Admission Fees：$9.00 Adults$8.00 Senior citizens 65 years and over$5.00 Children ages 3 through 18, and college students with ID$4.00 Group admissionTo receive this reduced admission, groups must make a reservation at least 2 weekdays in advance. Group admission is only available with a written confirmation brought to the Museum at the time of the visit.More attention：>>>Some halls may be closed to the public on weekday mornings during the academic year for school group programs, so we recommend visiting after 1 p．m. on weekdays or at any time on the weekends.>>>There is no cafeteria or lunchroom at the Peabody. Information on local eating places is available through our Restaurant Guide or at the Admission Desk in the lobby. Visitors are welcome to picnic on the lawns around the Museum.>>>Photography with hand-held cameras is permitted in exhibition halls for personal use only; photography of The Age of Mammals is prohibited at all times. All other uses require the advance written permission of the Yale Peabody Museum.>>>Highlights Tours of the Museum are offered at no extra charge every Saturday and Sunday at 12：30 and 1：30 p．m. These 45­minute tours of the Yale Peabody Museum’s exhibition halls are led by one of our specially trained volunteer guides.>>>The Museum offers free individual admission on Thursday afternoons from 2：00 to 5：00 p．m. during the months of September to June.>>>Admission is free to any individual with a valid Yale ID. Check out a Peabody Museum pass at your local library. A Museum pass will give you $5 off each admission for up to 4 people. Ask for it at your local library.【1】To visit the museum, a 12-year-old six grader should pay________．A. 4 dollarsB. 5 dollarsC. 8 dollarsD. 9 dollars.【2】Visitors are allowed to have lunch ________．A. outside the museumB. in any hall of the museumC. in the cafeteria of the museumD. in the lunchroom of the museum【3】According to the passage, The Age of Mammals is most probably ________ in the museum.A. a bookB. a magazineC. a videoD. an exhibition hall【4】Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. Admission for Yale students to visit the Museum is free.B. Extra money is supposed to be paid for guides while visiting the Museum.C. Some exhibition halls are not open Monday through Friday.D. Photography is not allowed in exhibition halls for commercial use.【5】The passage is written to ________．A. attract more visitors to the Yale Peabody MuseumB. introduce the exhibits in the Yale Peabody MuseumC. give instructions about visiting the Yale Peabody MuseumD. remind visitors how to get their admission to the Yale Peabody MuseumBThree boys and three girls were going to Lauderdale, Florida, dreaming of golden beaches as the gray cold of New York was left behind them. When the bus passed through New Jersey, they began to notice a man, who sat in front of them, dressed in a plain, ill-fitting suit, never moving, his dusty face masking his age.Shortly after a snack at the Howard Johnson’s outside Washington, they went back to the bus, and one of the girls sat beside him and introduced herself.“We’re going to Fl orida，” she said brightly. “I hear it’s really beautiful.”“It is，” he said quietly, as if remembering something he had tried to forget.“Want some wine？” she said.He smiled and took a full glass. After a while, slowly and painfully, he told his story. His name was Vingo and had been in jail in New York for the past four years. Last week he was released from imprisonment and now going home.“When I was in prison I wrote to my wife，” he said. “I told her that I was going to be away a long time, and that if she couldn’t stand it, she could just forget me; I’d understand. We used to live in Brunswick, just before Jacksonville, and there’s a big oak tree just as you come into town.Last week, I wrote her again. I told her that if she’d take me back, she should put a yellow handkerchief on the tree, and I’d get off and come home. If she didn’t want me, forget it, no handkerchief, and I’d go on through.”She told the others, and soon all of them were in it, caught up in the approach of Brunswick, waiting for the approach of the great oak tree. Now they were 10 miles from Brunswick, and then five. Then, suddenly, all of the young people were up out of their seats, screaming and shouting and crying, doing small dances of joy. The oak tree was covered with yellow handkerchiefs, 20 of them, 30 of them, maybe hundreds, a tree that stood like small flags of welcome flying in the wind. As the young people shouted, Vingo rose and made his way to the front of the bus to go home.【1】What attracted the six young people when their bus passed through New Jersey?A. The Howard Johnson’s.B. A poorly-dressed man.C. Golden beaches.D. A mysterious man with a mask.【2】It can be inferred from the short conversation between the girl and Vingo that ________．A. he had forgotten all his pastB. he hated talking with strangersC. he was a dangerous prisoner escaping from jailD. he was a man of few words but kind of friendly【3】Vingo wrote a letter to his wife before starting off to ________．A. ask for her forgivenessB. beg her to allow him back homeC. tie a yellow handkerchief to the oak treeD. make sure if she was still in love with him【4】Why did all the young people shout with joy when they arrived in Brunswick?A. They were only 5 miles away from their destination.B. They were surprised to see so many welcoming people.C. They were sure that Vingo’s wife was expecting him home.D. The oak tree was still standing there welcoming Vingo back home.【5】What can be the best title for the story?A. Going HomeB. An Oak TreeC. Yellow HandkerchiefsD. A Bus TripCWhen you look at yourself in the mirror, do you ever wonder why you look the way you do?No two faces look exactly alike, making a human face as unique as a fingerprint. Genetics (遗传学) obviously play a major role—no two faces share the same DNA. But even in identical twins, there are still small differences in their appearances. So what is it that makes each face different?The answer lies in a small piece of your DNA called a “gene enhancer”，according to a study published in Science. “There are thousands of enhancers in the human genome，” study leader Axel Visel, a researcher with Berkeley Lab. US. told Discovery.According to Visel, these DNA pieces act like switches, turning genes on and off and therefore determining whether a certain facial feature develops in a fetus (胎儿) while it is still in the womb (子宫)．What’s interesting about gene enhancers is that they don’t have to be found anywhere closeto the genes they affect. They are able to control their targets from far away, which makes them even more influential.To test how powerful these special DNA pieces are in shaping the face, researchers deleted three of the gene enhancers in mice and compared them with normal mice at 8 weeks of age. The results showed that each enhancer deletion caused a distinct set of differences in the shape of the face—for example, causing an increase or decrease in facial length or width.In fact, scientists first noticed the existence of gene enhancers long ago, but they called them “junk DNA” back then because they didn’t produce proteins and were thought to have no biological function. But now “it’s increasingly clear that important functions are embedded in this junk” Visel told New Scientist.Understanding this may help scientists learn why and how things go wrong as a fetus develops, leading to facial birth defects (缺陷) such as cleft lips. Maybe gene enhancers also play a role.【1】What did Visel’s recent study uncover?A. How gene enhancers help shape the appearance of the face.B. How gene enhancers affect the growth of the fetus.C. A new cure for facial birth defects.D. The connection between gene enhancers and genetic mutations(变异)．【2】According to the article, gene enhancers ________．A. have a greater effect on genes closer to themB. used to be considered a good source of proteinC. weren’t discovered until recentlyD. have more biological functions than scientists used to think【3】What can we conclude from the article?A. As a fetus develops in the womb, the number of gene enhancers increases in the fetus.B. The changes in gene enhancers may have something to do with genetic mutations.C. The new findings about gene enhancers may help scientists learn more about facial birth defects.D. Genetic mutations are believed to be the major cause of facial birth defects.【4】What does the underlined “embed” probably mean?A. Root.B. Find.C. Absorb.D. Research.【5】Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A. Gene Enhancers Affects Birth DefectsB. Facing Gene EnhancersC. The Power of DNA piecesD. Gene Enhances Determines Your PersonalitiesPart ⅣWriting (45 marks)Section A (10 marks)Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information from the passage.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.3D printing is now one of the hottest and most interesting advancements in the design and marketing world today. 3D printing, also called additive manufacturing, is the process of creating 3D (three­dimensional) objects from a digital model. It can “print” in plastic, metal, nylon, and over a hundred other materials. It is achieved with the use of additive processes, where following layers of material are laid down in different shapes.With the growing popularity in the consumer market, 3D printing is certainly one of the printing innovations to follow in the 21st century. Here are some of the real benefits of 3D printing. It provides a wide variety of manufactured products, including customizable products and even an individual’s personal designs. It also helps companies save up to 70 percent of their manufacturing cost, which is attained through lower packaging and shipping costs. Additionally, more engineers are needed to design and build 3D printers, and more technicians are needed to maintain, use, and fix 3D printers too. Meanwhile, 3D printing may provide the manufacturing of human body parts or organs. While these usages are still experimental, the potential advantages are huge.However, 3D printing has a number of challenges ahead. In the domestic market it is immature, expensive and unavailable. For the man in the street, it is not possible for 3D printer to become a mainstream technology in the near future. They think 3D printers cannot do anything. Besides, getting a 3D printer isn’t that easy! You need to order them online, often with a several-month delay. Furthermore, printing is s．..l...o...w. It takes a long time to build even the smallest piece. Most videos you see are sped up or cut so you are not sitting there for an hour.While it was a futuristic fantasy, 3D printing, is now a reality. With its relatively affordability and potential for cost savings, 3D printing presents an exciting step forward into the future.Title: 71. __ __Ⅰ. 72. __ __·a process of creating 3D objects from a digital modelⅡ. Key features·printing all kinds of materials·using 73. __ __Ⅲ. 74. __ __·providing 75. __ __·saving up manufacturing cost·needing more 76. __ __·providing human body parts or organsⅣ. 77. __ __·immaturity, expensiveness and 78. __ __·79. __ __ of becoming a mainstream technology·a several- month delay when ordering·slow printingⅤ. Conclusion·providing affordability and potential·bringing 80. __ __ to the futuresSection B (10 marks)Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage and required words limit. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Chinese students always complain that they’re under great pressure and don’t get enough sleep. But they may be surprised to learn that they’re much luckier than their peers (同龄人) in South Korea and Japan, according to a recently published report, conducted by Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences on the physical and mental health of senior high school students in the three Asian countries.Among nearly 6，000 high school students in the three countries, Chinese students are the tallest but poorest in physical fitness. Chinese students are on average 168.17cm, compared with 167.61cm for South Korean students and 164.70cm for Japanese students. Chinese students asked for sick leave more than students in other countries. About 72 percent of Korean students never asked for sick and injury leave during high school, compared to 53 percent for Japanese students and 45 percent for Chinese students.As the survey presents, Japanese and South Korean students suffer more pressure. Statistics show 16 percent of students in China said they experienced mental pressure often over the past year, while the numbers in Japan and South Korea were 33 percent and 47 percent respectively. Their worries come from “study”，“friendships” and “relationship with their parents”. To go with stress, 57.9 percent of Korean students sleep the least, less than six hours a day, compared with 46.6 percent of Japanese students and 30 percent of Chinese students.More Chinese students were satisfied with their physical appearance. In measures of self­worth, such as “I think I am valuable” and “I can complete many things”，“I won’t give up to failure，” Chinese students showed greater self­confidence than students in Japan and South Korea and they are the happiest among the three.【1】According to the survey, who sleep the most? (No more than 2 words)【2】Among the surveyed 6，000 students, how many Japanese students ever asked for leave? (No more than 3 words)【3】Why are Chinese students happier than Korean and Japanese students? (No more than 5 words)【4】What’s the passage mainly about? (No more than 18 words)Section C (25 marks)Directions: Write an English composition according to the instructions given below.湖南卫视推出了一档很受欢迎的亲子秀节目Where Are We Going, Dad? (爸爸去哪儿？)，节目中真实再现五对明星父子体验乡村生活的经历。

湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2014届高考模拟卷（二）文综试题时量：150分钟满分：300分本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。

1至41题为必考题，42至48题为选考题第Ⅰ卷本卷共35小题。

每小题4分，共140分。

在每个小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

大樱桃主要生长在北纬30～45°的温暖、冷凉地带。

辽南、胶东和秦皇岛是我国大樱桃的主要栽培区,其中烟台福山区大樱桃，已有130年的栽培历史。

采摘节是该地区一种集田园风光、采摘鲜果、休闲娱乐等于一体的精彩活动。

下图为该地的优质“大樱桃”采摘区示意图。

据此完成1-2题。

1.该地生产的“大樱桃”与我国其他地方的普通樱桃相比，具有品种多、早熟、个大、色艳、味甜等特点。

形成此鲜明特点的主导因素是(A)A.种植技术B.交通便利C.水丰富D.光热充足2.为适应采摘节的需要，欲在该地建一个“农家休闲中心”，最佳的选址为(C)A.甲B.乙C.丙D.丁读“西安1989～2005年工业用地空间分布变化”示意图，回答3-4题。

3.由西安市工业用地的变化，可推断出西安市的城市化特征是(B)A．工业区不断向城郊迁移，西安出现了逆城市化现象B．工业用地不断向城郊扩散，郊区城市化，城市规模不断扩大C．城市商业区不断萎缩，工业区不断扩大D．城市住宅区和绿化用地，正逐步转化为商业用地4.西安市这种变化，可能带的影响有（C）A．随着城市的扩大，人工影响下，城市植被种类越越丰富B．会造成城市中心污染加重C．有利于缓解市中心用地紧张的局面D．有利于减少城市基础设施建设资金的投入人口机械增长率是指某地某时段内迁入与迁出人口数的差值与总人口之比。

读我国东部某省(市)2006 - 2014年人口增长率变动图，回答5-6题。

5.图示时期该省(市)人口总数 (C)A.持续上升B.持续下降C.先增后减D.先减后增6.推断图示时期该省(市)人口机械增长率变化的主要原因是 (C)A.城镇房价增长快B.经济水平持续下降C.产业升级和转移D.自然灾害频繁发生读世界某岛屿地势示意图，该岛屿东西两侧降水差异很大，图中黑灰色区域为山脉。

绝密★启用前湖南省2014年长沙市高考模拟试卷（二模）第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共140分）一、选择题：本卷共35个小题，每小题4分，共140分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

12．2013年10月24日，财政部、海关总署和国家税务总局规定，在现行政策框架下，对中国（上海）自由贸易试验区内生产企业和生产性服务业企业进口所需的机器、设备等货物予以免税。

下列各图中正确反映该政策对试验区内上述企业进口机器、设备影响的（注：图中D1为该政策实施前需求量，D2为该政策实施后需求量，价格不含关税）A．①B．②C．③D．④13．某企业2013年12月27日与外商签订1万件商品出口合同，每件出口价100美元，制造成本为每件500元人民币，汇率为1美元=6．06元人民币；假如2014年3月7日该合同续签，但每件制造成本上涨10%，人民币对美元汇率累计升值1%，其他条件不变，其利润和2013年合同相比A．增加56万元B．减少62.06万元C．减少56万元D．增加62.06万元14．党的十八届三中全会《决定》指出：使市场在资源配置中起“决定性作用”，这与以往的使市场在资源配置中起“基础性作用”的提法有了明显区别。

两字之变意味着①政府与市场关系的定位更加明确②政府的调控作用不断削弱③政府将减少对企业的微观干预④政府将进一步简政放权A．①②B．③④C．②③D．①④15．2013年全年，中国大陆企业共参与海外并购200宗，并购数量同比上升5%，并购总金额达515亿美元，超出日本成为亚洲新霸主。

中国企业积极参加海外并购的目的是A．参与国际竞争，全面提高开放型经济水平B．转变对外贸易方式，积极实施“走出去”战略C．稳定能源供给，维护国家能源安全D．开拓国际市场，增强国际化经营能力16．食品安全关系到广大人民群众的身体健康和生命安全，关系到经济发展和社会稳定，关系到政府和国家的形象。

食品安全已成为衡量人类生活质量，社会管理水平和国家法制建设的一个重要方面。

2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟试卷参考答案（新课标全国卷）1、C（扩大范围，部分关节）2、B（不是沼气，是精油挥发气体）3、C（不是防腐剂，只是结晶体）4、A（核查，盘查）5、C（①李至刚所奏旧例④日本国君臣⑥倭寇）6、D（倭贼分乘二十艘船）7、⑴带点东西以资助所需，也合乎人之常情，怎么能一概拿禁令限制呢？（资、人情、概、拘各1分，句子通顺1分）⑵用刑罚震慑他们，不如用德化怀柔他们，应该放还他们。

（威、以刑状语后置、怀、还各1分，句子通顺1分）8、作者使用了情景交融（寓情于景）（2分）的手法，牢狱外的风雨声，蟋蟀的叫声（1分），描绘了词人所处环境的凄苦（1分），借以抒发作者在国家灭亡、自己被俘时的沉痛情(1分)。

9、诗眼是“丹心”。

(2分)上片写作者虽然被囚于狱中，但相信自己是天地间的一条蛟龙，是像曹操、王粲一样的英雄；(2分)下片写尽管已值暮年，但丹心不灭，时时遥望中原，即使以身殉国，他的魂魄也会变成杜鹃飞回南方，为故国的灭亡而哀啼泣血。

(2分)10、（1）人非生而知之者终不解矣（2）则有去国怀乡感极而悲者矣。

（3）士贰其行士也罔极11、⑴B E（选对一项2分，两个全对5分）(A“冷寂”错，应为“美丽”C“华美”错，应为“朴实”D“不够集中”“游离主线”错) ⑵①写黄牛坝环境美丽，点题“风水宝地”。

②为下文写三家扎坟于此做铺垫。

③为下文写测绘员小王说“这山中就有两头金牛”埋下伏笔。

（一条2分）⑶①照应标题与开头的“风水宝地”“犀牛望月”。

②推动情节发展。

有这句话，才有下文的“杨半仙”埋此、四兄弟掘马德福父坟。

③反衬“杨半仙”的迷信风水，愚昧无知。

④揭示小说主题“风水不可信，幸福生活靠自己双手创造”。

（一条2分，任意三条即可）⑷（一）小说结尾真实。

①人们认识到风水没有作用，自然不再瞩目此地。

②杨家四兄弟因信父言而坐牢，对父亲有恨意而不来此地。

③用艺术的真实突出主题。

（二）小说结尾虚假。

长郡中学#$"%届高考模拟卷 二文科综合参考答案一 选择题 本题共&'小题 每小题%分 共"%$分 在每小题列出的四个选项中 只有一项是符合题目要求的题号"#&%'()*+"$"""#"&"%"'"(")"*答案,-.-/-/,,/-/,/..-,题号"+#$#"###&#%#'#(#)#*#+&$&"&#&&&%&'答案/,/--//-.,/,.,///二 非选择题 共"($分&(0 " 外形美观 果型硕大 营养丰富 无污染 环保的绿色食品 成熟上市在国庆节和中秋节期间 时机适宜 且市场需求量大 任答&点得(分# 该地 纬度较低 地势高 空气较稀薄 太阳辐射强 牛皮纸为避免紫外线灼伤果实 %分白色塑料薄膜 增大地表对太阳辐射的反射率 使雪桃下部接受的光照增加 达到色泽均匀的目的 (分 & 地理位置 地形 地势 海拔 气候 气温 光照等光热条件 降水量 空气质量 土壤等生长环境的差异 (分&)0 " 特点 北部聚落多 密度大 等级高 规模大 %分原因 北部气候温暖 地形平坦开阔 矿产资源丰富 交通发达 经济发达 工农业发达 等 每点#分 任答&点得(分# 有利 水能丰富 #分 理由 落差大 流速快 降水多 年径流量大 任答"点 #分不利 建坝地质条件差 水能季节变化大 难开发 任答"点 #分 理由 位于板块交界处 多地质灾害 降水季节变化大 故径流量季节变化大 任答"点 #分& 地震导致地下裂缝多裂隙 湖水下渗外流 火山灰覆盖 受滑坡 泥石流填埋 气候变暖冰川退化 蒸发加剧 气候变暖冰川融水增加 湖水位抬高 冲破堰体 湖水外流 气候变暖冰碛堰体融化 湖水外流 每点#分 任答&点得(分&*0 " 政府制定生态文明建设发展规划 引导该市经济活动 贯彻科学发展观 &分 增加财政投入 建设生态重点项目 &分 转变经济发展方式 加强自主创新 发展战略性新兴产业和现代服务业 &分 运用行政手段 淘汰落后产能 实现生态文明发展目标 &分 培育尊重自然 科学理性消费的社会风尚 引导绿色产业的发展 #分# 该市市委提出生态文明建设指导原则 发挥市委在生态文明建设过程中维护人民当家作主的领导作用 鼓励民间组织参与社区创建 保证人民群众直接行使民主权利 管理基层公共事务和公益事业 调动广大居民参与社区建设 增强居民环境意识 提高居民参与政治生活的能力 每点%分 共"#分&+0 " 答案一 同意甲同学的观点 #分 因为 科学技术是一个民族文明程度的重要标志之一 珠算是中国人民勤劳 智慧的结晶 是中华民族创造力的生动体现 #分 传统文化是维系民族生存和发展的精神纽带 对珠算的保护有利于增强人们对传统文化的理解与认同 #分 对珠算的保护对于研究人类文明的演进 展现世界文化的多样性具有独特作用 #分 不反对人们使用现代科学技术工具 但同时要加强对传统文化的保护 #分答案二 同意乙同学的观点 #分 因为 京剧是中华民族灿烂文化的重要组成部分 蕴藏着丰富的文化内涵 #分 传统文化是维系民族生存和发展的精神纽带 对京剧的保护有利于增强人们对民族文化的理解与认同 #分 对京剧的保护对于研究人类文明的演进 展现世界文化的多样性具有独特作用 #分 不反对人们对于时尚剧和洋文化的喜爱 但同时要加强对京剧等传统文化的保护和传承 #分答案三 同意丙同学的观点 #分 因为 端午节蕴涵着民族生活的风土人情 宗教信仰和道德伦理等文化因素 是一个民族历史文化的长期积淀 是民族文化的集中展示和民族情感的集中表达 #分 传统文化是维系民族生存和发展的精神纽带 对端午节的保护有利于增强人们对传统文化的理解与认同 #分 对端午节的保护对于研究人类文明的演进 展现世界文化的多样性具有独特作用 #分 不反对人们过洋节 但同时要加强对自己传统文化的保护和传承 #分# 合理性 新事物必然代替旧事物 新陈代谢是不可抗拒的规律 &分 文化的传承与发展也不例外 被历史淘汰的文化并不意味着没有传承 这些文化的精华在新文化中得到了继承与发展 &分片面性 规律是客观的 但人们可以发挥主观能动性创造性地保护 传承和发展传统文化 &分 应该全面地认识文化的价值 既要看到其物质价值 更应该看到其精神价值以及对研究人类文明演进方面的史料价值 &分& 关注广大人民群众的根本利益和对文化生活的基本需求 尊重人民群众的主体地位 发挥人民群众的首创精神 立足于人民群众的生活与实践 实现民族文化的创新和复兴 保障人民文化权益 保证人民当家作主 每点#分 任答#点即可 共%分%$0 " 西方教权与君权并列 中国是君权与神权合一 西方君主对封臣没有绝对的权力 中国君主拥有一切权力 西方法律来自社会 中国法律出于君权 +分# 目的 古希腊 维护自身民主政治的需要 "*世纪 启蒙思想家反对专制 追求民主政治的需要 #$世纪'$年代 冷战时期西方用以攻击或者丑化社会主义中国 (分原因 经济上 民族资本主义的产生与发展 政治上 甲午战争后民族危机深重 救亡图存思潮成为时代主流 民族资产阶级希望建立民主政体 思想上 鸦片战争后西学东渐 西方启蒙思想在中国传播 新型知识分子群体发展壮大 近代报刊杂志等媒体的涌现 "$分%"0作品风格不同 前者属于新古典主义 后者属于浪漫主义 (分作品表达的思想情感不同 前者反映了画家对拿破仑皇帝的顶礼膜拜 也体现了等待社会革命的思想者精神的幻灭 后者以奔放的热情歌颂了工人 小资产阶级和知识分子参加的革命运动 高举三色旗象征自由女神的妇女形象在这里突出地体现了法国人对自由 平等 博爱精神的追求 (分%#0答案一 推荐线路 昆明 大理 丽江 昆明 #分理由 景点数量多 空间组合好 旅游路线较短 旅途耗时少 游览时间相对较多 更多交通方式选择 *分 答案二 推荐线路 昆明 西双版纳 昆明 #分理由 游客数量相对较少 景点数量相对较少 在同一景区观赏时间长 从而 获得更高的旅游质量 机场吞吐量较大 *分%&0特点 午后和夜间多 #分 凌晨和上午少 #分原因 午后气温高 空气受热膨胀上升 #分 形成强烈对流 夜间四周山地空气冷却下沉 #分 盆地 谷地气流上升 #分 易形成对流 从而引发雷暴天气%%0 " 总体趋势南高北低 #分 通州二氧化硫浓度最高 延庆二氧化硫浓度最低 任答"点即得#分 # 危害 酸雨 使土壤 河湖水酸化 腐蚀建筑物 危害人体健康等 任答"点即得#分主要措施 调整能源消费结构 调整产业结构 产业转移 加大科技投入 加大宣传 提高环保意识 植树种草 增加绿化面积 任答#点即得%分%'0 " 问题 豪强兼并土地 百姓贫饥流亡 政府赋税没有保障等 (分 作用 抑制了土地兼并 有利于国家征收赋税和征发徭役 促进了北方经济的恢复与发展 '分# 影响 促进了民族融合 为隋唐大一统和繁荣奠定了基础 %分%(0 " 政府的目的是为公众利益服务 保障公众利益 实行代议制共和制 宪法是政府权力的基础 政府只能在宪法规定范畴内行使权力 政府只是宪法的产物 主权在民 )分# 美国独立后制定了")*)年宪法 确立了联邦制总统制共和国 宪法体现了联邦制原则 分权制衡原则和人民主权原则 建立了强有力的中央政府 保护国家的利益与主权 稳定了统治秩序 保证长治久安 促进美国经济的发展 *分%)0 " 发达国家和发展中国家国内生产总值的差距在加大 两者贫富差距扩大 根源 在全球化进程中 旧的世界经济秩序仍在起决定性作用 发达资本主义国家占据主导地位 从而导致社会财富分配不公 科学技术水平的差距 进一步扩大了发达国家同发展中国家的经济差距 +分# 霸权主义和强权政治有新的发展 依然是造成世界动荡不安的主要根源 同时 恐怖主义 狭隘的民族主义 地区霸权主义和宗教 领土矛盾的激化等非传统安全威胁增多 出现了传统安全威胁与非传统安全威胁相互交织的局面 发达国家利用不公正 不合理的国际经济旧秩序和在经济全球化趋势中的主导地位损害发展中国家利益的现象还很普遍 (分%*0 " 标准 执政者的人数 维护的利益群体 %分# 孔子主张以德治国 亚里士多德主张依法治国 %分 地位 孔子为代表的儒家思想后来长期成为封建社会的统治思想 亚里士多德的思想为后来西方法治社会的形成奠定了最初的思想基础 若答对西方文明产生深远影响同样给分 )分。

长郡中学2014届高考模拟卷二文科综合能力测试注意事项1、本试题卷分选择题和非选择题两部分共!"页时量!'$分钟满分($$分答题前考生务必将自己的姓名准考证号填写在答题卡和本试题卷上2、回答选择题时用#)铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑如需改动用橡皮擦干净后再选涂其他答案标号写在本试题卷和草稿纸上无效3、回答非选择题时用$*毫米黑色墨水签字笔将答案按题号写在答题卡上写在本试题卷和草稿纸上无效4、考试结束时将本试题卷和答题卡一并交回一、选择题（本大题共35小题，每小题3分共105分，在每小题给出的四个选项中只有一项是符合题目要求的）下图为2010年我国各省老年人口比例图（不含港、澳、台数据）。

读图回答下列1～2题。

1.2010年我国老龄化最严重的地区是A. 京津地区B. 长三角地区C. 川渝地区D. 珠三角地区2.图示西藏老年人口比例特点的成因是A. 自然增长率高B. 出生率低C. 医疗水平高D. 迁入人口多【答案】1.C 2.A【解析】试题分析：1.读图，根据图中曲线分析，四川、重庆老年人口比例所占比例最高，是我国老龄化最严重的地区，两省分别简称川、渝，C对。

A、B、D错。

2.读图，西藏老年人口比例特点是在各省区中比例最低，这主要是因为该地没有实行计划生育，人口自然增长率高，A对。

出生率低，少年儿童少，老年人比例占的高，B错。

医疗水平高，老年人死亡率低，占的比例会增高，C错。

西藏生态环境脆弱，人口容量低，迁入人口少，D错。

考点：人口问题，人口老龄化问题。

利用“温室效应”原理，我国北方地区冬季可以采用大棚种植蔬菜、花卉等作物。

下图是塑料大棚农业生产景观图。

据此回答下列3～4题。

3.下列不属于大棚技术对农业生产的影响的是A.有利于充分利用太阳光能，提高大棚内的温度B.有利于提高光照强度，增强农作物光合作用C.有利于保持、调节大棚内空气的湿度D.有利于保持、调节大棚内土壤的水分4.当大棚的门打开时，门口处空气流动情况与如图6中示意的空气流动情况相同的是【答案】3.B 4.A【解析】试题分析：3.塑料薄膜对太阳的短波辐射基本上是透明的，削弱的很少，而大棚内地面增温后又以长波辐射的形式向外辐射热量，塑料大棚阻碍长波辐射，因此，大棚内热量不易散失，提高大棚内的温度故A正确；同样，我们可以通过对塑料大棚通风，调节空气湿度、土壤的水分和气体成份。

湖南省怀化市2014届高三文综(历史部分)试第二次模拟题(含解析)湖南省怀化市2014届高三政治第二次模拟考试试题（含解析）新人教版第Ⅰ卷选择题（共140分）24．古代建筑作为承载人类文明的物质载体，是古代政治、经济、社会习俗等方面的反映。

我国北方四合院一般依东西向的胡同而坐北朝南，基本布局是分居四面的北房、南房和东、西厢房，四周再围以高墙形成四合，开一个门。

依照古代宗法礼仪观念长辈应居住在A．南向北房 B．东厢房 C．西厢房D．北向南房25．著名历史学家周宝珠在他的一篇经济学论文中说“（它）是宋代以前商品经济发展形势下出现的一种新事物，它扎根于农村商品经济的基础上，逐步变为沟通城乡的经济纽带，而后把与城市相连的部分变为城市的重要市区，使宋代城市达到一个新的历史水平，创出了中国古代城市……的新道路。

”材料中的“新事物”指的是A．街市 B．瓦肆 C．夜市 D．草市26．王阳明的弟子董梦石出游回来说：“见满街都是圣人。

”王阳明说：“此亦常事耳，何足为异。

”下列观点可以体现王阳明这一思想的是A．“知行合一” B．“人人同具良知”C．“格物致知” D．“孔夫子亦庸众人类也”道德修养，恢复善良本性，就是圣人；格物致知是朱熹的思想；“孔夫子亦庸众人类也”是李贽的思想。

考点：中国传统文化主流思想的演变·宋明理学·王阳明。

27．罗马帝国时代著名法学家盖尤斯（约130—约180）在《法学阶梯》指出：“所有受法律和习惯调整的民族，他们一方面遵守自己的法律；另一方面遵守为人类所共有的法律。

”这里体现的法治观念是A．扩大司法保障的对象 B．贵族拥有法律解释权C．审判、量刑须有法可依 D．构建系统的罗马法体系28．“在一个世纪里，西班牙的物价上升了约四倍……（在这场运动中）获利最大的是商品生产的经营者，即手工工场主、资本主义农场主、按资本主义方式经营农牧场的新贵族，还有缴纳定额货币地租的富裕佃农。

”材料所述的这场运动A．壮大了工业资产阶级的力量 B．使大西洋沿岸成为世界商贸中心C．引起了欧洲阶级关系的变动 D．导致资本主义世界市场初步形成29．1875年，法兰西第三共和国宪法规定：“凡曾经统治过法国的家族成员不得当选为共和国总统。

绝密★启用前湖南省2014年长沙市高考模拟试卷（二模）本试题卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，共l5页。

时量l50分钟，满分300分。

第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共140分）一、选择题：本卷共35个小题，每小题4分，共140分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

24．汉高祖刘邦进入咸阳时曾与关中百姓“约法三章”，但他并未悉除秦法，甚至连秦的苛法也没有完全废除，以致到孝惠、高后和文帝时，还在废除秦的妖言令等苛法……高祖元年至高祖十一年之间的法律，是全部继承秦律的汉律。

据此可知：A．秦朝灭亡的主要原因在于法律过于严苛B．秦朝灭亡的主要原因在于没有得到关中百姓的支持C．汉朝统治者对关中百姓采取了适应民情的政策D．汉朝统治者吸取秦亡的教训而实行宽刑仁政25．图1为大运河的开凿，下列选项与之所起的历史作用最接近的是：（图1）A．隋朝创立科举制B．唐朝设立节度使C．隋唐确立完善三省六部制D．元朝设中书省替代三省26．明清之际有学者提出：“天地之德不易，而天地之化日新。

……日之有昼夜，犹人之有生死，世之有鼎革也。

纪世者以一君为一世，一姓为一代足矣。

”以下属于他的主张的是：A．反对以孔子是非为标准B．提出“天下为主，君为客”C．主张“天下兴亡，匹夫有责D．物质发展变化有规律可循27B．甲午战后外国对华铁路投资是为了巩固在华势力范围C．甲午战后外国对华铁路投资是为了帮助中国发展经济D．甲午战后外国侵华以修筑铁路为主28．据统计，整个抗日战争日军死伤有60％是枪伤所致，而苏德战场上德军伤亡中炸伤却占了70％。

这一数据从本质上反映了：A．中国军队的战斗力超过苏军B．苏联军队作战实在浪费弹药C．中国国力孱弱不如苏联发达D．德日热衷战争中国热爱和平29．1953年1月13日，中央人民政府成立了宪法起草委员会。

宪法起草委员会由32人组成，委员名单由毛泽东提出，构成比例为：民主党派如民革、民盟、民建各2位，其余民主党派及人民团体各1位。