第三章 词语的翻译(一) (Translation of Words)
3.1 Main types of word meaning
(一)语法意义和词汇意义 (grammatical meaning & lexical meaning) eg: girls & girl ; The dog bit the man. • 一般认为, 虚词(如冠词、介词、连接词) 只有语法意义,实词(如动词、名词、形 容词、副词)既有语法意义、又有词汇意 义。
蕴涵意义(connotation, what it suggests beyond what it expresses, the overtones of meaning),指 词语内含的情感和联想意义,是词语的隐含意义, 反映该民族特有的思维方式和社会文化. 词的蕴涵意义在不同语言中往往有天壤之别,甚至同 种语言内类似指称意义的词语蕴涵意义也不尽相同. 如: 1) 他是个纸老虎。
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稍等一会儿,我就来. Just a minute. I’m coming. 他要是不来,我就代他在会上发言. If he doesn’t come, I’ll speak at the meeting instead of him. 那个人就是他的哥哥. That very man is his elder brother. 你就是送给我,我也不要. Even if you give it to me as a gift, I won’t accept it. 他就着油灯读信. He read the letter by the oil lamp. • 5) 正式协议 正式声明 代表团的正式成员 • formal agreement official statement the full member of 家Geoffrey Leech分为conceptual meaning, connotative meaning, stylistic meaning, affective meaning, reflected meaning, collocative meaning, thematic meaning 等七类