API 2008Annual Report

an拼读单词一、单词：and（和；而且）1. 单词释义：用于连接单词、短语或句子，表示并列、附加、递进等关系。

2. 单词用法：可以连接名词、代词、形容词、动词等各种词性。

例如，“I like apples and bananas.”（我喜欢苹果和香蕉。

）3. 近义词：as well as, together with。

4. 短语搭配：and so on（等等），and then（然后）。

5. 双语例句- “My friend and I are going to the park. It's such a great day, don't you think? We'll have so much fun there.”（我和我的朋友打算去公园。

今天天气真好，你不觉得吗？我们在那儿会玩得很开心的。

）- “She is smart and beautiful. Just like a diamond that shines in every aspect. Who wouldn't admire her?”（她既聪明又美丽。

就像一颗在各个方面都闪耀的钻石。

谁会不钦佩她呢？）- “He ate his breakfast and left for work hurriedly. Oh, the life of an adult can be so rushed sometimes!”（他吃了早饭就匆忙去上班了。

哦，成年人的生活有时候可真匆忙啊！）- “The book is interesting and educational. It's not just a bunch of words, it's like a key to a new world of knowledge.”（这本书既有趣又有教育意义。

它可不只是一堆文字，就像是通往新知识世界的钥匙。

analog ①模拟②模拟装置③模型analog circuit 模拟电路analog comparater 模拟比较器analog computer 模拟计算机analog control equipment 模拟控制设备analog digital control system 模拟数字控制系统analog digital conversion 模数转换analog digital converter 模拟一数字转换器analog display 模拟显示analog switch 模拟开关anal speculum 窥肛镜，肛门扩开器anal retractor 肛门牵开器anal sphincteroscope 肛门扩约肌镜anal swab 肛门拭子analyse 分析，研究analyser ①分析仪②检偏振器analysis 分析，检验analysis certificate 化验证明书（报告）analysis programme 分析程序analysor ①分析器②检偏振器analytical balance 分析天平analytical curve 分析曲线analytical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis apparatus 分析聚丙酰胺凝胶电泳仪analytical pure (abbr. a. p.) 分析纯analytical reagent 分析试剂analytical roentgenography 体层x线照像术，断层x线照像术analytical tool 分析工具，分析仪器analytical ultracentrifuge 超速分析离心机analyze 分析，研究analyzer ①分析器②检偏振器analyzer polariscope 分析偏振光镜，分析旋光镜anaphoresis 阴离子电泳anapnea ①呼吸②窒息解除anapnograph 呼吸气压速度描记器，肺活量描记器anapnometer 肺活量大；呼吸气量测定器anasarca trocar 皮下水肿套针anastigmat 消像散透镜anastigmatic aural magnifier 耳聚光放大镜anastomat 吻合器anastomosis ①吻合，吻合术②吻合管anastomosis bobbin 吻合管anastomosis button 肠吻合钮anastomosis clamp 吻合夹anastomosis forceps ①吻合钳②无损伤止血钳anastomosis hook 吻合钩anatomic(al) 解剖学的anatomic articulator 解剖式咬合器anatomic lens 解剖透镜anatomic microscope 解剖显微镜anatomic model 解剖学模型anatomy 解剖学anchor ①固定凹②衔铁anchorage ①脏腑固定术②安抗，支抗③锚基anchor drill 固定凹钻anchor screw 描凹螺丝anchor splint 锚状夹anchor tube 锚管，安抗管ancient 古代的，旧的ancillary 辅助设备ancistrum 外科钩anechoic 消（回）声的，无（回）声的anechoic chamber 消声室，无回音室anelectrode 正电极，阳电极anelectrotonus 阳极（电）紧张anel's probe 阿内耳氏探子[检泪点和泪管用] anel' s sound 阿内耳氏探针anel's syringe 阿内耳氏注射器，泪道注射器anemia 贫血anemo- 风anemometer 风速计anemoscope 风向仪aneroid ①无液，不装水银②无液气压表aneroid barometer 无液气压计aneroid battery 干电池aneroid manometer 无液压力计aneroidogram 空盒气压曲线aneroidograph 无液气压器，空盒气压计aneroid sphygmomanometer 无水银血压计anesthesia 麻醉（法），感觉缺失anesthesia apparatus 麻醉机anesthesia machine 麻醉机anesthesia outfit 麻醉装置anesthesia respirator 麻醉呼吸机anesthesia respiratory bellow 麻醉呼吸风箱anesthesia ventilator 麻醉通气机anesthesimeter ①麻醉度计②感觉缺失测量器anesthesiology 麻醉学anesthesiometer ①麻醉度计②感觉缺乏测量器anesthetic ①麻醉的②麻醉剂anesthetic apparatus 麻醉机anesthetic connector 麻醉接管anesthetic dropping bottle 麻醉滴瓶anesthetic intubate 麻醉插管anesthetic laryngoscope 麻醉喉镜anesthetic laryngopharyngoscope 麻醉咽喉镜anesthetic mask 麻醉罩anesthetic needle 麻醉针anesthetic room 麻醉室anesthetic spreader 麻醉开口器anesthetic syringe 麻醉注射器anesthetic table 麻醉台anesthetic trocar 麻醉套管针anesthetic ventilator 麻醉呼吸器，麻醉通气机anesthetist cabinet 麻醉柜anesthetization 麻醉anesthetometer 麻醉气计量器aneurysm 动脉瘤aneurysm clamp 动脉瘤夹aneurysm clip 动脉瘤夹aneurysm needle 动脉瘤针aneurysmograph 动脉瘤照片anew 重新，又，再ang. (①angiogram ②angle) ①血管造影图片②角angiectomy 血管切除术angio- 血管angiocardiogram 心血管照片angiocardiographic system 心血管造影系统angiocardiography 心血管造影术angiocardiography high pressure injector 心血管造影高压注射器angiocheiloscope 唇血管镜angioclast 血管压扎钳angiogram 血管造影片angiograph ①脉搏描记图②血管造影片angiograhic injector 血管造影注射器angiographic neeclle 血管穿刺针angiographic table 血管造影台angiography 血管造影术，血管照像术angiography catheter 血管造影导管angioma silver clip 血管瘤银夹angioma silver clip forceps 血管瘤银夹钳angiometer ①脉搏计②血管运动描记器angiopathy 血管病angioplasty 血管成形术angiopneumography 肺血管造影术angiorrhaphy 血管缝术，血管修补术angioscope 毛细血管显微镜angiostomy cannula 血管开口套管angiostratix 血管断层摄影机[商品名]angiostrophe 血管扭转术angiotensiotonography 血管张力描记法angiotribe 血管压扎钳angiotripsy 管理压扎术angle 角，角度angle centrifuge 斜角离心机angle meter 测角器angle modulation 角度调制angstrom (abbr. a) 埃[波长度单位，等于10-10米] angular 角，角度angular forceps 角形钳angular frequency 角频率angular knife 角形刀angular line 角线angular scissols 直角剪angular splint 直角夹angular velocity 角速度angulometer 测角器anhydr-; anhydro- 脱水，去水，无水anhydrite 硬石膏anhydrous 无水的anhydrous alcohol 无水酒精animal 动物animal body plethysmograph 动物体积描记仪animal calorimeter 动物量热器animal dissecting table 动物解剖台animal electricity 生物电animal scale 动物秤animal soap 兽脂皂，家用皂anion 阴离子，负离子anion cation balance 阴阳离子平衡anionic current 阴离子流anionic detergent 阴离子去污剂anion resin 阴离子交换树脂aniso- 不同，不等，参差anisometric 不等轴anisorhythmia 心节律不匀ankle brace 踝梏具，踝固定器anklet 踝套ankylotome ①舌粘连刀②曲刀annals 年表，年报annealer 炼韧器annealing lamp 炼韧灯annealing tray 炼韧盘annexation ①附加，附录②附件annotation 注，注释announce 通知，通告annual ①每年②年刊annual report 年报annular 环形的annulling a claim 使索赔无效annulus 环形物，环形套管annum 年annunciator 信号器，报警器anodal opening 阳极断电anode 阳极anode dissipation 阳极耗散anode supply 阳极供电，板极电源anode wire 阳极丝anodising 阳极处理anolyte 阳极电解液anomalo- 不规则，异常，反常anomaloscope ①色盲镜②变幻灯anomalous 反常，不规则anorectal line 肛门直肠线anormal 反常，异常anorthoscope 弱视镜，眼轴矫正器anoscope 肛门镜anoscopy 肛门镜检查anosigmoidoscope 直肠乙状结肠镜anosigmoidoscopy 直肠乙状结肠镜检查anoxia 缺氧症anoxia-photometer 血氧计，光电血氧计answer ①回答，解答，答案②符合，适应antagonist 对抗剂，拮抗剂antagonistic system 植物神经系统antagonizing model 反模ante- ……前的antecedent ①先例②前述的，以前的antenna 天线antenna coupler 天线耦合装置antenna gain 天线增益antenna mount 天线架antenna socket 天经插座antenna tronsfer switch 天线转换开关antenna tuning 天线调谐antepartum 产前antepartum fetal monitor 产前胎心监护仪antepartum heart rate monitor 产前胎心监护仪anterior 以前，先前，前面anterior bite guide 前颌导，前咬合标anterior chamber puncture needle 前房穿刺针anterior commissure laryngoscope 前连合喉镜anterior resection clamp 前切夹anthraco- ①二氧化碳②煤，碳anthracometer 二氧化碳测量器anthracometry 二氧化碳测量法anthropo- 人类，人anthropometer 人体测量器anthropometric tape 人体测量尺anthropometry 人体测量格术anti- 反，对抗，解，抑制antiades 扁桃体antibiotic ①抗菌素②抗菌的antibiotic susceptibility testing system 抗菌素敏感试验系统antibody 抗体anti-bumping device 防撞装置anticathode 对阴极[x射线管中的靶子]anticipation 预料，预期anti-clockwise 反时针方向的，逆时针方向的anticoncussion plug 抗振荡耳塞antidetonator 抗爆剂，抗震剂antidromic conduction 逆向传导antielectrode 反电极antiflatulent 排气剂antifoam 止泡剂antigen 抗原antigenicity 抗原性antigen paper 抗原试纸anti-interference 抗干扰antikathode 对阴极antimagnetic 防磁antimicrobial spectrum 抗菌谱antimonium (abbr. sb) 锑antiotomy 扁桃体切除术antioxidant 抗氧剂，防氧化剂antipole 对称点antiproton 反质子anti-rattler ①减声器②防振器antirheoscope 视觉性眩晕检查器anti-rool guide 防卷曲导板[切片机用] antiseptic ①防腐剂②防腐的antiseptic bath 抗菌浴，消毒浴antiseptic dressing 抗菌敷料antiseptic gauze 消毒纱布antiseptic suture 防腐缝线antitoxin 抗毒素antivibrator 防振器，阻尼器antroscope ①窦透照器②上颌窦透镜antroscopy 窦透照术antrotome 窦刀antrum 窦，房antrum bur 鼻窦钻antrum cannula 上颌窦套管antrum chisel 鼻窦凿antrum curet 鼻窦刮匙antrum drill 鼻窦钻antrum irrigating cannula 上颌窦灌洗管antrum lamp 窦灯antrum perforator 上颌窦穿刺器antrum probe 上颌窦探针antrum puncture needle 上颌窦穿刺针antrum rasp 上颌窦锉antrum transilluminator 上颌窦透照器antrum trephine 上颌窦环锯antrum trocar 上颌窦套管针anus 肛门anus catheter 肛门管anvil ①砧骨②铁钻anxious 关心的，渴望的ao(american opticol) 美国光学仪器aort-; aorto- 主动脉aorta 主动脉aorta ascendent intubate clamp 升主动脉插管钳aorta clamp 主动脉夹aortic aneurysm clamp 主动脉瘤夹aortic arch 主动脉弓aortic arch angiography 主动脉弓血管造影术aortic arch cannula 主动脉弓插管aortic exclusion clamp 主动脉分离夹aortic perfusion canula 主动脉灌注套管aortic punches 主动脉打孔器aortic valve 主动脉瓣aortic valve retractor 主动脉瓣牵开器aortic vent catheter 主动脉排乏管aortic vent needle 主动脉孔针aortogram 主动脉造影片，主动脉照片aortography 主动脉造影术aortography needle 主动脉造影针aortotomy 主动脉切开术aos (anodal opening sound) 阳极断电音a. p. (①action potential ②analytically pure) ①动作电位②分析纯[化学试剂]aperiodic 不定期的apertometer 物镜口径计aperture ①口径，孔径②小孔，开度apex 尖，尖端apex-beat 心尖搏动apexcardiogran (abr. acg) 心尖搏动图apexcardiography 心尖搏动描记法apex ejector 牙根尖剔出器，根尖撬apex elevator 牙根尖挺apexigraph 牙根尖定位器apexograph 牙根尖定位器apexographer 牙根尖定位器apical 尖，尖端，顶点apical elevator 牙根尖梃apiciform 尖形apico- 尖，顶apicoectomy 牙根尖切除术apicolocator 牙根尖定位器apicostome 牙根尖造口器apicostomy 牙根尖造口术apilocator 牙根尖定位器aplanatic lens 消球面差透镜aplanatic magnifying lens 消球差放大镜aplanatic objective 消球差物镜apnea 呼吸暂停，窒息apnea monitor 呼吸暂停监护器apo- 远，离，分离apochromat 复消色差透镜apochromatic lens 复消色差透镜apochromatic objective 复消色差物镜aponeurosis 腱膜aponeurotome 腱膜刀apothecaries system 药衡制[英制] apothesis 回复（术）apotheter 脐带还纳器apoxesis 刮除术apparatotherapy 器械疗法apparatus (abbr. appr.) 仪器，器械，装置，器apparatus for deivation 诱导装置[指趾端动静脉吻合] apparatus for nitrogen examination 氮测定器apparatus forceps 器械钳appendage 附件，附器appendectomy forceps 阑尾切除钳appendectomy retractor 阑尾切除牵开器appendix ①附录②附件③阑尾appendix clamp 阑尾夹appendix forceps 阑尾钳appendix intestinal clamp 阑尾肠钳，肠夹持钳appendix no 附件录号appendotome 阑尾刀applanation 扁平（角膜）applanation tonometer 扁平（角膜）眼压计appliance ①器具，设备②矫正器application 应用，用法，敷用application of forceps 施钳术applicator ①卷棉子②敷料器，涂药器applied physics 应用物理学apply ①应用②敷，涂，施（药）apposition suture 对合缝术approach 接近，入门，近似approved 规定的，许可的approx 大约approximate 约计approximation plate 对合板[肠道手术用] approximator 合拢器april (abbr. apr.) 四月apron 围裙apron-conveyer 平板运输机aqua 水，水剂aqua ammonia 氨水aquameter electrode 液体仪电极aquametry 滴定测水法aquametry apparatus 水份测量仪aqua regia 王水aqueous solution 水溶液ar (argon) 氩ar (analytically reagent) 分析试剂arabic 阿拉伯的arabic cipher 阿拉伯数码arachn-; arachno- 蛛网膜arachnid 蜘蛛arachnoid 蛛网膜arachnoid knife 蛛网膜刀araeometer 液体比重计，比浮计arc ①弧，弓形②电弧arc furnace 电弧炉arch 弓形，半圆形arch bender 曲弓器arched drill 弓形钻arched saw blade 弓锯条arch former 成弓器arch holding pliers 夹弓镊archives 文献集，文件archo- 直肠，肛门archometrum 测肛器archosyrinx 直肠灌注器arch wire 弓丝arc light 弧光灯arc light 弧光arcuate line 弓状线area 区域，面积area density 表面密度areameter 面积计areometer 液体比重计，比浮计areopycnometer 液体比重计areosaccharimeter 糖液比重计arg (autoradiography) 自体放射照像术argentation 镀银argento- 银argentometer 银滴定器argentometry 银滴定法argentoproteinum 蛋白银argon (abbr. ar) 氩argon ion laser 氩离子激光器argon-krypton lasercoaqulator 氩氪激光凝固器argon laser 氩激光器argon laser coagulator 氩激光凝固器argon laser photocoagulator 氩激光视网膜凝固器aristogenics 优生学arithmetical mean 算术平均数arithmetical unit 运算器arm 臂armamentarium 医疗设备，（一套）设备armarium 医疗设备armature ①附件，配件，装备②电枢armbands for sphygmomanometer 血压计臂带arm bone 上肢骨armed bougie 烧灼探条arm extension apparatus 上肢牵引器armpit 腋，腋窝arm prosthesis 假臂arm rest 臂架，臂扶手arm sling 臂悬带arnold's sterilizer 常压蒸汽灭菌器，阿诺德氏消毒器arolium 中垫aroma 香气，芳香气aromatic spray 芳香喷雾剂arrange 排列，安排，布置array ①排列，布置②序，行，列，组，系统arrhythmia 心律失常，心律不齐arrhythmia analyzer 心律失常分析仪arrhythmia monitor 心律失常监护仪arrhythmia simulator 心律失常模拟器arrhythmia trend recorder 心律失常趋向记录器arrival 到达，出现arrow point tracing 箭头描记法arsenic determination apparatus 砷测定器arsenicum (abbr. as) 砷arsonvalization 高频电疗法artefact ①伪迹②人工制品arteri-; arterio- 动脉arteria 动脉arterial and venous shunt adapter 动静脉分流接管arterial bridge 动脉桥arterial cannula 动脉套管arterial catheter needle 动脉导管针arterial duct 动脉导管arterial embolectomy catheter 动脉栓子摘除导管arterial needle 动脉注射针头arterial po2 动脉血氧分压arterial pressure monitor 动脉压力监护仪arterial pressure transducer 动脉压传感器arteriogram ①动脉搏描记图②动脉造影片arteriogram needle 动脉描记图针arteriograph 动脉搏描记器arteriography 动脉搏描记法，动脉造影术arteriola 小动脉arteriometer 动脉口径计arteriopuncture 动脉穿刺计arteriorrhaphy 动脉缝术，动脉修补术arteriosclerosis 动脉硬化（症）arteriosonde 动脉压探测器arteriotome 动脉刀arterious cone 动脉圆锥arteriovenous shunt tube 动静脉外瘘分流管arterioverter 动脉外翻止血器arteriverter 动脉外翻止血器artery 动脉artery catheter sutural unit 动脉导管缝合器artery clamp 动脉夹，动脉钳artery forceps 动脉钳artery hook 动脉钩arthro- 关节arthrocentesis 关节穿刺术arthrodesia clamp 关节固定夹arthro-endoscope 关节内窥镜arthro-endoscopy 关节内窥镜检查arthrogram 关节x射线照片arthrography 关节照像术arthrometer 关节动度计arthron 关节arthroparacentesis 关节穿刺术arthroplastic gouge 髋关节成形圆凿arthroplasty 关节形术arthropneumography 关节充气照影术arthropneumoroentgenography 关节充气造影术arthroscope 关节（内窥）镜arthroscopy 关节（内窥）镜检查arthrotome 关切刀article ①条款，项目②文章articulated splint 有节夹articulation coxa cup 髋关节杯，髋杯articulator ①咬合架②连接器articulator registration 咬架记当，咬合架记录artifact ①伪影[ct] ②连接器artificer 牙技工artificial 人工的，人造的，假的artificial abortion 人工流产artificial anus bag 人工肛门袋artificial anus circle 人工肛门圈artificial arm 假臂，人造臂artificial blood vessel 人造血管artificial brain 仿真脑，电脑artificial cardiac pacemaker 人工心脏起搏器artificial cervical vertebra 人造颈椎artificial culture 人工培养artificial denture 人造托牙artificial ear 仿真耳，人造耳artificial elbow joint 人造肘关节artificial electronic larynx 电子人工喉artificial eye 假眼，人工眼artificial hand 假手artificial heart 人造心脏artificial heart-lung machine 人工心肺机artificial hibernation 人工冬眠artificial human eye 人造眼，义眼artificial illumination 人工照明artificial impregnation 人工受精，人工受孕artificial impregnation instrument 人工受器械artificial joint 人造关节artificial kidney 人工肾，人造肾artificial kidney dialyzer 人工肾透析器artificial knee joint 人造膝关节artificial labor inducer 人工引产器artificial larynx 人工喉artificial leech 人工吸血器，人工水蛭artificial leg 假腿artificial lens 人工晶状体artificial limb 假肢artificial liver 人造肝脏artificial lumbar vertebra 人造腰椎artificial lung 人工肺artificial nose 人工鼻，假鼻artificial organ 人造器官artificial pacemaker 人工起搏器artificial phalangeal joints 人造指（趾）关节artificial respiration 人工呼吸artificial respirator 人工呼吸机artificial skin 人造皮artificial spherical mitral valve 人造球形二尖瓣artificial thigh bone 人工股骨头artificial thoracic vertebra 人造胸椎artificial throat 人工喉artificial tooth 人造牙artificial valve 人造瓣膜artificial ventilator 人工呼吸器art. no.(article number) 编号asbestos 石棉asbestos filter 石棉滤器ascending urography 逆行性尿路造影术ascites puncture needle 腹水穿刺针asepsis 无菌，无菌法aseptic dressing 无菌敷料aseptic ligature 无菌结扎法aseptic technique 无菌技术ash 灰，粉尘asher 灰化器，碳化器ashless paper 无灰纸askiatic 无影的，无影像aspecific 非特异性的aspect ①方面，局面②外观asphalt 沥青aspirate ①抽吸②吸出物aspirating needle 吸液针aspirating syringe 吸引用注射器aspiration biopsy 针吸活检aspirator 吸引器，抽气机aspirator bottle 吸气瓶aspirator pump 抽气泵assay 试验，测定，鉴定assay balance 试金天平assay device 试验装置，检定装置assembly ①装置，部件②集合，装配assistan ce ①辅助②辅助设备association ①联合，缔合②协会assula 夹板astatine (abbr. at) 砹aster 星体asthenia 无力，衰弱asthenometer 肌无力测量器asthenopia 眼疲劳，视力疲劳asthenopiameter 眼疲劳计asthma sprayer 哮喘喷雾器astigma ①无气孔的②散光astigmagraph 散光描记器astigmatic lens 像散透镜，散光镜astigmatic tester 散光试验器astigmatism 散光，像散astigmatometer 散光计astigmatoscope 散光镜astigmeter 散光计astigmometer 散光计astigmoscope 散光镜astograph 呼吸道过敏性测定仪[商品名]astroid 星形的asynchronism 不同时性，异步性asynchronous or fixed rate mode 异步或固定律式asynchronous pacemaker 异步起搏器atactic 共济失调的ataxia 共济失调，协调不能ataxiagram 共济失调描记图ataxiagraph 共济失调描记器ataxiameter 共济失调计atmiatry 蒸汽吸入疗法atmidometer 水蒸气计atmidometrograph 描记式蒸发计atmidoscope 蒸发计，蒸散计atmo- 气，蒸汽atmocautery 蒸汽烙管，蒸汽烙管atmograph 呼吸描记器atmometer 水蒸气计atmos 气压单位atmosphere (abbr. atm.) 大气压atmospheric interference 天电干扰atmospheric pollution 大气污染atmospheric pressure 大气压atom 原子atomic absorption 原子吸收作用atomic absorption & flam emission spectrophotometer 原子吸收火焰发射分光光度计atomic absorption photometer 原子吸收光度计atomic absorption spectrophotometer 原子吸收分光光度计atomic battery 原子电池atomic bomb 原子弹atomic disintegration 原子蜕变atomic energy 原子能atomicity 原子价atomic number 原子序数atomic radiation 原子放射，原子辐射atomic scintillation counter 原子闪烁计数器atomic structure 原子结构atomic weight (abbr. at. wt) 原子量atomization 喷雾（法）atomizer 喷雾器，雾化器atom-meter 原子计atraumatic hemostatic clamp 无损伤止血夹atraumatic hemostatic forceps 无损伤止血钳atraumatic suture needle withsilk 无损伤带线缝针atresia 闭锁，无孔，不通atrial appendage 心耳atrial canula 心房套管atrial catheter 心房导管atrial clamp 心房夹atrial pacing 脉搏产生器[商品名]atrial retractor 心房牵开器atrial tachycardia 房性心动过速atrio- 心房atrionector 窦房结atriotome 心房刀atriotomy 心房切开术atriotomy catheter 心房切开导管atrioventricular 房室的atrium 心房，前房attaching plug 电源插头attachment 附件，备件，附属附置attachment apparatus 附着器﹝使牙再附于牙槽骨﹞attenuant ①稀释的②稀释剂attenuation equalizer 衰变补偿器，衰减均衡器attenuator 衰减器，消音器attenuator screen set 衰减器屏蔽装置attenuator-wave guide 波导管衰减装置attractant 诱引剂，吸引剂attraction 吸引，引力attraction sphere 吸引球atypia 非典型，不标准audibility 听力，可听性audibility meter 听度计audible 可听的audible threshold 听阀audiclave 助听器audile 听力audio 声音，音频audio-; audito- 听audioamplifier 声频放大器audiofrequency 音频audiofrequency electrotherapy unit 音频电疗机audiofrequency oscillator 音频振荡器audiofrequency spectrometer 频谱仪ardiofrepuency therapy unit 音频治疗机audiogram 听力图，音波图audiolcator 声波定位器audiometer 听力计，听度计audiometry training chambar 听力检查室audiometry training simulator 听力训练模拟器audio mixer control console 音频混合控制器audiomonitor 监听器audion 三极管audio-noise meter 噪声计audio oscillator 音频振荡器，低频振荡器audio power amplifier 声频功率放大器audio probe 听诊探针audio response unit 声音回答装置audio tape 录音磁带audio tester 听力测试仪audio-visual heart sound recorder 监听两用心音记录器audio volume control 音量调整audiphone 助听器auditory adjusting apparatus 听觉调整器auditory analysor 听觉分析仪auditory apparatus 听器auditory feed-back recorder 听力回授记录器auditory nerve 听神经auditory stimulator 听力刺激器auditory threshold 听阈augend 被加数auger 螺旋钻，钻孔机augmentation 增进，增加august's psychrometer 奥古斯特氏干湿球湿度计aura ①先兆，预兆②电风，辉光aural 耳的，听觉的aural curet 耳刮匙aural curette 耳刮匙aural forceps 耳镊aural grommet 耳垫圈aural knife 耳刀aural operation table 耳部手术台aural reflex indicator 耳反射测听批示器aural speculum 耳镜，耳窥器aural syringe 耳注射器auri- ①金②耳auric 金的auri chloridum 氯化金auricle ①心耳②心房③耳廓auricle clamp 心耳夹，心耳钳auricle hemostat 心耳止血器auricula ①耳廓②心耳③心房auricular appendage clamp 心耳钳auricular appendix 心耳auricular needle 耳针auricular tourniquet 心耳止血带aurilave 洗耳器aurinasal 耳鼻的auriphone 助听器auris 耳auriscalpium 耳匙auriscope 耳镜auriscope bulb 耳镜灯泡aurogauge 听力测定器aurometer 听力计aurosol 胶态金aurum (abbr. au) 金auscultation 听诊法auscultatory tube 测听管ausculto-percussion 听叩诊auscultoplectrum 叩听诊器auscultoscope 扩音听诊器aut-; auto- 自己，自动，自发autechoscope 自检听诊器auto-alarm 自动报警器auto-analyser 自动分析仪auto-analyzer 自动分析仪auto-body plethysmograph 人体体积描记仪autoburette 自动滴定器autocatheterism 自插导管autochemograph 组织化学自显影照片autoclavable humidifier 高压消毒湿润器autoclave 高压灭菌器，压热器autoclave cabinet 高压灭菌柜autoclave sterilizer 高压蒸汽灭菌器autoclaving 高压灭菌法autocoder 自动编码器autocompensation installation 自动补偿装置autocondensation 自体容电法﹝高频电疗法之一﹞autoconduction 自体导电法autocorrelation 自相关作用，自动校正autocorrelogram 自相关图autocytometer 血球自动计数器autodilutor 自动稀释器auto-dispenser 自动分注器auto-electronic emission 自动电子发射autofocus zoom lens 自动聚焦变焦距镜头autofundoscope 自检眼底镜autofundoscopy 自检眼底镜检查autogenor 自动生氧器autogenor for generating oxygen 氧气自动发生器autograft 自体移植物autogram 压印autograph 自动绘画仪autographic apparatus 自动记录仪autographometer 自动图示仪auto-grouper system 自动血液型判定装置auto-injector 造影剂自动注射器autokeyer 自动键控器autolaryngoscope 自检喉镜autolaryngoscopy 自检喉镜检查automallet 自动充填器automat 自动机，自动装置automated blood smear analysis system 血液涂片自动分析装置automated radioimmunoassay system 放射免疫自动分析系统automatic 自动的automatically controlled diagnostic half-wave x-ray apparatus 自动控制半波x光机automatic amino-acid analyzer 氨基酸自动分析仪automatic analytical balance 自动分析天平automatic analyzer 自动分析仪automatic audiometer 自动听力计automatic balancing circuit 自动平衡电路，自动零点调整电路automatic biochemistry analyzer 自动生化分析仪automatic blood cell counter 血细胞自动计数器automatic blood chemistry analyzer 自动血液化学分析仪automatic blood gas system 自动血气分析仪automatic blood pressure indicator 自动血压测定器automatic blood sedimentationunit 自动血压测定仪automatic blood warming products 自动温血器﹝输血用﹞automatic boost control 自动增压调节器automatic breaker 自动断路器automatic brightness control 自动亮度控制automatic burette 自动滴定管automatic chlorine gas analyser 自动氯气浓度分析仪automatic clearing apparatus 自动清洗装置automatic clinical analyzer 临床自动生化分析仪automatic clinical microtome 临床自动切片机automatic colorimeter 自动比色计automatic contrast medium injector 造影剂自动注射器automatic controlling device 自动控制设备automatic coupler 自动耦合器automatic cutout 自动断路器automatic data exchange system 自动数据交换系统automatic data processing system 自动数据处理系统automatic densimeter 自动密度计automatic digital tracking analyser computer 自动数字跟踪分析计算机automatic direction finder 自动定向仪automatic distillation apparatus 自动蒸馏器automatic editing control unit 自动编辑控制器automatic ejector 自动喷射器automatic electrocardiogram analyser 心电图自动分析仪automatic extension drill 手摇骨钻automatic fader 自动音量控制器automatic feed punch 自动送卡穿孔机automatic flush tank 自动冲洗箱automatic frequency tuner 自动频率调谐器automatic gain control 自动增益控制automatic gain control tube 自动增益控制管automatic gamma counter 自动伽玛（γ）粒子计数管automatic gauge controller (abbr. agc) 自动测量调整装置automatic glucose/bun/creatine & urine creatine analyzer 自动葡萄糖/血液尿素氮/肌酐及尿肌酐分析仪automatic hand disinfector 自动手指消毒器automatic high pressure injector 自动高压注射器automatic history taker 自动问诊机automatic hydrogen sulfide analyser 自动硫化氢分析仪automatic image andlysing system 全自动图像分析仪automatic infusion pump 自动输液泵automatic inoculator 自动接种器automatic interrupter 自动断续器，自动开关automaticity 自动（性）自动化程度automatic mallet 自动充填器，自动牙捶automatic mercury cleansing apparatus 汞自动净化器automatic mercury pump 自动水银泵automatic microknife sharpener 显微刀自动磨刀机automatic microtome knife sharpener 切片机刀自动磨刀机automatic na/k/c1 analyser 钠、钾、氯自动分析仪automatic optometry unit 自动验光仪automatic oxygen resuscitator 自动给氧复苏器automatic packer 自动分装机automatic particle counter 自动粒子计数器automatic peak limiter 自动限峰器automatic pellet burette 自动附球滴定管automatic phase comparison circuit 自动相位比较电路automatic phase control circuit 自动相位控制电路automatic photometer 自动光度计automatic pipet 自动吸量管automatic pipette 自动吸量管automatic plugger 自动充填器automatic potentiometer 自动电位计automatic potentiometric titrator 自动电位测定滴定器automatic protective system 自动防护系统automatic radioimmunoassay system 自动放射免疫分析仪automatic recorder 自动记录器automatic recording audiometer 自动记录测听仪automatic regulator 自动调节器automatic respiration function analyzing system 呼吸功能自动分析仪automatic respirator 自动呼吸器automatic resuscitator 自动复苏器automatic rinser 自动清洗机automatic sample changer 自动样品更换器automatic sample injector 自动加样品注射器automatic sampling 自动抽样automatic scaler 自动定标器automatic scam 自动扫描automatic scintillation scanner 自动闪烁扫描器automatic segregator 自动分离器automatic shut-off circuit 自动闭锁电路automatic shutter control 自动快门控制器automatic sphygmomanometer 自动血压计automatic spirometer 自动肺功能测定仪automatic sprayer 自动喷雾器automatic starter 自动起动器automatic sugar polarimeter 自动糖量旋光计automatic tape puncher 自动纸带空孔机automatic throttle 自动节流阀automatic time compensator 自动时间补偿器automatic timer 自动定时器automatic time switch 自动定时开关automatic timing corrector 自动记时校正器automatic tissue hydroextractor 自动组织脱水机automatic tissue processor 自动组织处理机automatic tourniquet 自动止血器automatic tuning system 自动调谐系统automatic typewriter 自动打字机automatic voltage regulator 自动调压器automatic volume control 自动音量控制automatic weighting scale 自动体重称automatic wound retractor 自动创口牵开器automatic x-ray cut film changer x射线自动换片机automatic x-say film bath equipment x射线胶片自动冲洗机automatic x-ray film processor x射线胶片自动洗片机automation 自动装置，自动机automatization 自动化automatograph 自动记录器，自动运动描记器automonitor 自动监测器auto-ophthalmoscope 自检眼镜autopathography 自病记录autophonometry 音叉振动自感测验法autophthalmoscope 自检眼镜autoplugger 自动充填器autopsia 尸体解剖autopsia in vivo 活体剖检﹝活体器官试探性开腔检查﹞autopsy 尸体解剖autopsy instrument set 尸体解剖器械autopsy room 尸体解剖室autopsy saw 尸体锯autopsy table 尸体解剖台autoradiogram 放射自显影片autoradiograph (abbr. arg) 放射自显影片autoradiography 放射自显影术，自体射线影像术autoregulation 自动调节autoscope 自检镜auto-spirometer 自动肺功能测定器autospiror 自动肺活量仪﹝商品﹞autospray 自动喷雾器autostabilizer 自动稳定器autostarter 自动起动器auto-stereogram 自身立体照片autostethoscope 自检听诊器auto still 蒸馏器autotimer 自动开关，自动定时器autotransformer 自耦变压器autovoltmter 自动电压表auxano- 增大，长大，发育auxanogram 细菌发育图auxanography 细菌发育检查方法auxanometer 生物发育测定器，生物生长测定器auxiliary ①辅助的，副的②附件，辅助装置auxilliary absorber 辅助吸收器auxiliary equipment 辅助设备auxiliary instruction buffer 辅助指令缓冲器auxiliary lens 辅助透镜，附加镜头auxiliary spring bending pliers 副曲簧钳auxiliary water-feeding tube 辅助供水管auxilium 救护车auxiometer ①透镜放大率计②测力计auxo- 促进，加速，增加，发育auxo-action 促进作用auxoflore 助荧光物auxoflur 助荧光物auxograph ①生长记录器②体积变化自动记录器auxology 生长学，发育学auxometer ①透镜放大率计②测力计av (arteriovenous) 动静脉的available 备有的，可买到的，可用的avalanche diode 雪崩二极管average ①平均的②平均值average computer 平均计算机average deviation 平均偏差，均差averager 叠加器average temperature 平均温度av fistula needle 动静脉瘘针avmc(av macformation) 动静脉畸形avometer 万用电表awl 锥子，钻子awn needle 芒针ax-; axio-; axo- 轴axial 轴的，中轴的axial light 轴光axial transverse layergraph 轴向横断层机axial transverse tomograph 横截轴向断层摄影机axifugal 远心的，离心的axilla-shoulder-elbow bandage 腋肩肘吊带axilla thermometer 腋部温度计axioincisal 轴切的axis ①轴②向心的axis-cylinder 轴突，轴索axis deviation 轴偏向﹝心电图﹞axis-traction forceps 轴牵引钳axograph 图轴描记器﹝记纹鼓﹞axometer 轴测器﹝眼镜﹞axonometer 镜轴计﹝圆柱﹞azo-blue 偶氮蓝azo-dyes 偶氮染料azotometer 氮素计，测氮管azygogram 奇静脉x射线造影片azygography 奇静脉x射线摄影azygous 奇的，单的。

金融术语中英对照A Decade of Challenge & Development(publication) --- 《十载挑战与发展》(刊物)A Policy Paper on Securities and Futures Market Reform --- 《证券及期货市场改革政策文件》abnormal item --- 非正常项目about order --- 近价盘above par --- 高于面值above the line --- 线上项目Academic Advisory Committee(SFC) --- 学术界谘询委员会(证监会)Academic and Accreditation Advisory Committee (AAAC) (SFC) --- 学术评审谘询委员会(证监会) accelerated depreciation --- 加速折旧accept order --- 接价盘acceptance --- 承兑acceptance house --- 承兑行accomodation bill --- 融通票据Account Transfer Instruction (ATI) --- 户口转移指示accountability --- 责任承担；问责accountants' report --- 会计师报告accounting equation --- 会计程式accounting period --- 会计期间accounting practice --- 会计惯例；会计实务Accounting Society of China (ASC) --- 中国会计学会accounting standard --- 会计准则；会计标准accounting treatment --- 会计处理方式accounts payable --- 应付账款accounts receivable --- 应收账款accretion --- 增值accrual basis(accounting) --- 应计制；权责发生制*(会计) accrued expenses --- 应计费用accrued interest --- 应计利息accrued revenue --- 应计收益accumulated depreciation --- 累计折旧；累积折旧accumulated interest --- 累计利息；累积利息accumulated profits --- 累计利润；累积利润acid-test ratio --- 酸性测试比率acquisition --- 收购acquisition of shells --- 买壳acting in concert --- 一致行动active business pursuits(GEM) --- 活跃业务纪录(创业板) active market --- 交投活跃actual market --- 现货市场actual price --- 现货价actual useful life --- 实际可用年期actuary --- 精算师ad valorem stamp duty --- 从价印花税add-on --- 附加利益；优惠additional AMS terminal user --- 附加自动对盘终端机用家additional margin --- 额外按金Adjudication Division --- 审裁科adjustable rate mortgage (ARM) --- 调息按揭adjusted basis --- 调整基数adjusted net assets --- 调整后资产净值adjusted net tangible assets --- 调整后有形资产净值adjustment --- 调整administering bank --- 承办银行；经办银行admissible securities value --- 证券的认可价值admitted value --- 认可值advance --- 垫款advance booking form --- 排期申请表格Advertising Guidelines for Collective Investment Schemes --- 《集合投资计划的广告宣传指引》Advertising Guidelines for Pooled Retirement Funds --- 《集资退休基金的广告宣传指引》Advisory Committee(SFC) --- 谘询委员会(证监会)Advisory Specialist Group --- 专家谘询小组affiliate; affiliated company --- 联属公司after market / aftermarket --- 二级市场after-hours dealing --- 收市后交易after-tax profits --- 税后盈利；税后利润；税后溢利after-tax real rate of return --- 税后实际回报率afternoon session --- 午市agency account --- 代理户口；代客买卖户口Agency Share Transfer System (Mainland China) --- 代办股份转让系统(中国内地)agency trade --- 经纪交易；代客买卖agent --- 代理人aggregate auction --- 集合竞价aggregate market value --- 总市值aging analysis of accounts --- 账龄分析alert message --- 讯息提示All Ordinaries Index (AOI) --- --- 所有普通股指数all-or-none order --- 全部完成或放弃买卖盘allotment --- 配发；股份配发allottee --- 获配发人allowance(accounting) --- 备抵(会计)allowance for bad and doubtful debts --- 坏账及呆账备抵alpha coefficient --- alpha 系数alternate --- 替任人alternative investment --- 另类投资Alternative Investment Market (AIM)(UK) --- 另项投资市场(英国)amalgamation --- 合并Amended and Restated Addendum to Memorandum of Understanding Governing Listing Matters --- 上市事宜谅解备忘录补篇(重订版)American Chamber of Commerce (AMCHAM) --- 美国商会American depository receipt (ADR) --- 美国预托证券American Stock Exchange (AMEX) --- 美国证券交易所American style option --- 美式期权amortisation --- 摊销AMS order book --- 自动对盘系统未完成买卖盘纪录AMS Second Terminal --- 自动对盘系统第二终端机annual accounts --- 年度账目annual general meeting (AGM) --- 股东周年大会annual report --- 年报Appeals Panel(SFC) --- 上诉委员会(证监会)appetite for risk --- 风险容量Application Programming Interface (API) --- 应用程式界面Applied Research Fund --- 应用研究基金appreciation --- 增值appropriation --- 拨款approved borrower --- 核准借入人approved deposit fund --- 认可存款基金approved lending agent --- 核准借出代理人approved redeemable share --- 核准可赎回股份arbitrage --- 套戥；套汇*；套利*arbitrary scale up method --- 随意提增法arithmetic average; arithmetic mean (statistics) --- 算术平均数(统计)arm's length transaction --- 公正交易arrears --- 积欠款项；欠款articles of association --- 组织章程；组织细则ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) --- 东盟自由贸易区ASEAN Regional Forum --- 东盟地区论坛Asia-Pacific Central Securities Depository Group (ACG) --- 亚太区中央证券存管处组织Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) --- 亚太经济合作组织Asia Pacific Loan Market Association --- 亚太贷款市场协会Asia Pacific Regional Committee (APRC) of IOSCO --- 国际证监会组织亚太区委员会Asian Development Bank (ADB) --- 亚洲开发银行Asian dollar bond --- 亚洲美元债券Asian dollar market --- 亚洲美元市场Asian Securities' Analysts Council (ASAC) --- 亚洲证券分析员公会Asian Securities Analysts Federation --- 亚洲证券分析家协会ask price; asked price --- 沽盘价；卖盘价asset --- 资产asset allocation --- 资产调配；资产调度asset coverage --- 资产覆盖率；资产保证asset injection --- 注入资产asset stripper --- 「拆骨专家」asset stripping --- 拆卖资产；资产拆卖asset swap --- 资产调换asset-backed securities (ABS) --- 抵押证券；有资产支持的债务证券assignee --- 受让人；承让人；获分配人士assignment --- 转让assignment(options) --- 指定分配(期权)assignor --- 转让人assistant supervisor(GEM) --- 助理主管(创业板)associate --- 联系人士associate; associate company; associated company --- 联营公司associated person --- 相联人Association Cambiste Internationale --- 国际外汇同业联会Association for Investment Management and Research (AIMR) --- 投资管理研究联会Association of Chartered Certified Accountants, The --- --- 特许公认会计师公会Association of International Accountants, The --- --- 国际会计师公会Association of National Numbering Agencies (ANNA) --- 国际编码机构协会。

AA FEEDWATER SUPPLY给水供水AA ALARM LIGHT. VISUAL ALARM报警灯, 可见报警信号 AMERICAN ARBITRATION ASSOCIATION美国仲裁协会COLD WORKSHOPS冷机修车间A&A ADDITIONS AND AMENDMENTS增补和修订AAE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ENGINEERS美国工程师协会AAI AUTOMATIC APPROVAL OF IMPORTS进口自动批准制AAR AGAINST ALL RISKS一切风险AB AS-BUILT竣工状态COLD WAREHOUSES冷机修仓库ABC ADVANCE BOOKING CHARTER预订包机ABP LOW PRESSURE FEEDWATER HEATER低压给水加热器系统ABS AIRTIGHT CS DUCTS气密 CS 风管AC ACCOUNT CURRENT 往来账户, 活期存款AGENT OF CARRIER 承运者代理人AIR CONDITIONING (CONDITIONER) 空调(器)AUTOMATIC CONTROL自动控制ELEVATOR-LIFT升降机，电梯ALTERNATING CURRENT交流电 ＝（法）CA HOT WORKSHOPS & WAREHOUSES热机修车间和仓库AIR COMPRESSOR空压机A&C ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA补遗与勘误ACCEPTED WITHOUT COMMENT无意见接收ACC ACCEPTABLE 可接受/工程验收用语ACCOUNTING COST CONTROL成本管理,会计成本控制 ACG ALTERNATING CURRENT GENERATOR交流发电机AUTOMATIC CONTROL GEAR自动控制装置ACI AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE 美国混凝土学会ACK ACKNOWLEDGE 确认, 承认ACO FEEDWATER HEATERS DRAIN RECOVERY 给水加热器疏水回收系统ACPP HCCM 不锈钢衬里分包商ACR AUTOMATIC CONTROLLER自动控制器ACS AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEM自动控制系统ACU ASIAN CURRENCY UNITS 亚洲货币单位ACV ALARM CHECK VALUE报警检查值ACW AUXILIARY COOLING WATER辅助冷却水A/D ASSEMBLY AND DISASSEMBLY组装和解体AD ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE 行政程序ABSORBER 吸收器ACCIDENTAL DAMAGE 意外事故险, 失事险ARCHIVE AND DOCUMENTATION BUILDING 文档楼ADB ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK 亚洲开发银行ADC ANALOG DIGITAL CONVERTER; AD CONVERTER模拟数字转换器/交直流转换器 ADDIE ANALYSIS. DESIGN. DEVELOPMETN. IMPLEMENTATION. EVALUATION /SAT-IAEAADG FEEDWATER DEAERATING TANK AND GAS STRIPPER 给水除气器系统ADM ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT 行政部ADR （法）＝ DBA/DBE 设计基准事故；设计基准件ADS LV AC NETWORK 380V (ET BUILDING)380V低压交流电源系统/ET厂房 AE AIRHEATER 空气加热器ABSOLUTE ERROR 绝对误差AS-ERECTED安装状态AS-EXECUTED执行状态AEC ACCEPTED EXCEPT COMMENT 除说明者外其余皆可接受/工程验收用语ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT COMPANY联合设备公司(英)AEF ANALYSIS & EVALUATION FILE 分析及评估文件AEN ACCEPTED EXCEPT NOTED 除注明者外其余皆可接受/工程验收用语ACCEPTED WITH COMMENTS有意见接收AER AUTOMATIC EXCITATION REGULATOR自动励磁调节器AET FEEDWATER PUMP TRUBINE GLAND 主给水泵汽机轴封系统AF AIRCOOLER-COOLING TOWER 空气冷却器-冷却塔AS-FABRICATED预制状态COLD WOEKSHOP AND WAREHOUSE非放射性机电仪仓库及办公室ANTI - FOULING PAINT防污(虫)漆ATOMIC FORMULA原子式AFC ASKING FOR CORRECTION 申请更正AFNOR （法）= ASSOCIATION FRANCAISE DE NORMALISATION 法国标准化协会FRENCH ASSOCIATION FOR STANDARDISATIONAG AGITATOR-STIRRER-VIBRATOR 搅拌器-振动器GARRAGE汽车库AGENT - GENERAL总代理(办)ARRESTING GEAR制动装置AGC ASSOCIATED GENERAL CONTRACTORS OF AMERICA 美国联合总承包商AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL自动增益控制AGM MOTOR DRIVEN FEEDWATER PUMP LUBRICATION 电动主给水泵润滑系统AGR FEEDWATER PUMP TURBINE LUBRICATION AND CONTROL FLUIT主给水泵汽机润滑油及调节油系统AGW ACTUAL GROSS WEIGHT 实际总重量AH/AJ STANDARD STIFFENERS ON STRUCTUAL SHAPES结构钢件标准加强板AHP HIGH PRESSURE FEEDWATER HEATER 高压给水加热器系统AI FIRE CABINET 消防柜APPROVAL OF IMPORT 进口许可ACCIDENT INDEMNITY 意外保险AIMS ACCOUNTING INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM通用会计信息管理系统AISI AMERICAN IRON & STEEL INSTITUTE 美国钢铁学会AKA ALSO KNOWN AS既是AL POWER SUPPLY 电源AMENDMENT LIST 修正表, 勘误表SITE LABORATORY厂区实验室ANNUAL LEAVE年度休假ALUMINIUM铝ALARA AS LOW AS REASONABLY ACHIEVABLE可以合理达到的尽量低的水平 或译: 合理可行尽量低/辐射防护用语A/M AUTO-MANUAL 自动－手动AM AMPLIFIER MODULE 放大器模块ABOVE-MENTIONED 上述的AIR MAIL 航空邮政(件)AMPERE METER安培计AMS ADMINISTRATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 行政事务管理系统AMT AMOUNT 总计/总额/总数/总量/金额/款项 AN STABILIZED POWER SUPPLY 稳压电源NORMAL ATMOSPHERE标准气压ANS AMERICAN NUCLEAR SOCIETY 美国核学会ANSI AMERICAN NUCLEAR STANDARD INSTITUTE 美国核标准协会ANT ANTAGONISH TYPE DAMPERS ANTAGONISH 型隔离阀 AO ANODE-POSITIVE POLE 阳极 - 正极OPEN WEARHOUSE AND SHED材料棚AOM ASSISTANT OPERATIONS MANAGER （JVC-OPS）生产部部长助理AOQ AVERAGE OUTGOING QUALITY 检验的平均质量/平均抽检质量 AOV AIR OPERATED VALVE气动阀AP GENERATOR 发电机PERMANENT ACCESS-ROADS-PACKING LOTS-TRACKS ON SITE永久出入口-道路-停车场-厂区便道 APA MOTOR-DRIVEN FEEDWATER PUMP 电动主给水泵系统APD START-UP FEEDWATER SYSTEM启动给水系统APG STEAM GENERATOR BLOWDOWN 蒸汽发生器排污系统API AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE 美国石油协会APP TURBINE-DRIVEN FEEDWATER PUMP 汽动主给水泵系统APR ADDITIONAL PRICE REQUEST 额外费用索赔申请ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT年度进展报告APRP （法）＝ LOCA: LOSS OF COOLANT ACCIDENT 失水事故APT ACTIVE POWER TEST有效功率试验APU FEEDWATER PUMP TURBINE DRAIN 主给水泵汽机疏水系统AUXILIARY POWER UNIT辅助电源设备AQ （法）＝ RELEASE TICKET 发放证书ACCUMULATOR 安注罐, 蓄能器AQL ACCEPTABLE QUALITY LEVEL 合格质量水平AR ANORMALY REPORT 异常报告CABINET-CONTROL CABINET 控制柜ARC ARCHIVES & DOCUMENTATION BRANCH /JVC CODE 档案资料处AUTOMATIC REMOTE CONTROL 自动遥控ARE FEEDWATER FLOW CONTROL 给水流量控制系统ARGOS HCCM 大型钢结构分包商ARU AUTOMATIC RUN-UP自动启动AS FUEL ASSEMBLY 燃料组件AMERICAN STANDARD美国标准ASAP AS SOON AS POSSIBLE 尽快ASC AMERICAN STANDARDS COMMITEE 美国标准委员会ASCII AMERICAN STANDARD CODES FOR INFORMATION INTERCHANGE美国标准信息交换代码 ASF AND SO FORTH 等等AS FABRICATED可供预制（文件状态） ASG AUXILIARY FEEDWATER 辅助给水系统ASM ASSISTANT SITE GENERAL MANAGER 现场总经理助理(F/S)ASME AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS 美国机械工程师学会ASN AVERAGE SAMPLE NUMBER 平均抽样数ASS AIRTIGHT SS DUCTS气密 SS 风管ASSET ASSESSMENT OF SAFETY SIGNIFICATIVE EVENT TEAM (IAEA）安全重大事故评估组ASR ANNUAL SUMMARY REPORT年度综合报告ASTM AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING & MATERIAL 美国材料试验学会A&T ACCEPTANCE AND TRANSFER 验收与移交AT AUTOMATIC CHEMICAL MORNITORING AND CONTROL DEVICE自动化学监测和控制装置AS-TREATED处理状态ASSITANT TESTED助理试验员ACCEPTANCE TEST验收试验ACOUSTIC METHOD TEST声力试验ATA ACTUAL TIME OF ARRIVAL 实际到达时间ATB ADMINISTRATIVE & TECHNICAL BRANCH（JVC CODE）行政技术处ATD ACTUAL TIME DEPARTURE 实际出发时间ATE （法）＝ CPP: CONDENSATE POLISHING PLANT 凝结水精处理站ATL ACTUAL TOTAL LOSS实际全损(保险用语)ATM ACT OF TRADE MARKS 商标法ATP AUTHORIZATION TO PROCEED 开工令ATR AUTHORIZATION TRAINING REQUIREMENT 授权培训要求ATT AIR-TIGHT TEST气密试验ATWS ANTICIPATED TRANSIENT WITHOUT SCRAM 未能停堆的预计瞬态AUD AUDIT DEPARTMENT （JVC CODE） 审计部AUT ACTUATOR RELAY CIRCUITRY （TESTS）传动装置继电器电路（测试） AV HEAD OF RAINWATER DRAINPIPE 雨水排放管的集水口/集管箱ACTUAL VELOCITY实际速度AVB ANTI-VIBRATION BAR 防震条AVT ALL VOLATILE TREATMENT 全挥发处理AW AS-WELDED 焊态/焊接结束后未经任何处理的状态ACTUAL WEIGHT实际重量AWC ABSOLUTE WORST CASE 绝对最坏情况AWF ADDITIONAL WORKS FILE 补充工作文件AWN ADDITIONAL WORKS NOTICE/NOTIFICATION 额外工作通知（单）/工程验收用语AWS AMERICAN WELDING SOCIETY 美国焊接学会AX DANGEROUS PRODUCTS WAREHOUSE危险品仓库BBA TANK-PRESSURIZER 储罐 - 增压器SITE MANAGEMENT OFFICE现场办公楼BUFFER AMPLIFIER缓冲放大器BAC BALANCING DAMPER 平衡阀（法=QS)废物辅助厂房BAG(法) GENERAL AUXILIARY GUILDING一般服务辅助厂房 BAL BALANCING DAMPERS平衡阀BAS （法）＝ SAFEGUARD AUXILIARY BUILDING 安全保障辅助厂房ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY CHANGE-OVER TESTS 电源转换试验BAST BORIC ACID STORAGE TANK硼酸储存箱BAU BASIC ASSEMBLY UNIT基本装配（部）件 BB SPRAYER 喷雾器BC BLOCKING CERTIFICATE 隔离（票）证BUDGET CONTROL 预算管理与控制JUNCTION BOX 接线盒BANK OF CHINA 中国银行BULK CARGO散货BCL BACKFILLING CHECK LIST 回填土检查单BD HANDLING TURRET 吊运转动台BASE DIAMETER底部直径BDV BREAKDOWN VEHICLE故障修理车BE （法）＝ STUFFING BOX. PACKING BOX 填料盒TEST LOOP 试验回路BILL OF EXCHANGE(商)汇票BEAB BRITISH ELECTRICAL APPROVAL BOARD英国电气鉴定委员会 BEF BEFORE在...之前BEL BELOW在...下面BEP BEST EFFICIENCY POINT 最佳效率点BET BETWEEN在...之间BF SPRAY LOOP 喷淋环路BFL BASEMENT FLOOR LEVEL基础地面标高BG GAS CYLINDER 气体钢瓶BH BRANCH HEAD com. BRANCH MANAGER 处长 分部经理（处级）BILL OF HEALTH健康证书BHO BUILDING HAND OVER 厂房移交BHP BRAKE HORSEPOWER 制动马力BHS ALL BRANCHES （JVC-OPS） 生产部各处BI FIRE HYDRANT OR STAND PIPE 消防栓或储水管BIL/PER HEAT BALANCES / PERFORMANCE TESTS热平衡/性能试验BIM BASIC INDUSTRIAL MATERIAL基本工业材料BINE BERJING INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR ENGINEERING 核二院BK CONTROL ROD ACTUATION UNIT 控制棒执行装置B/L BILL OF MATERIALS 材料单；BILL OF LOADING 装船提单；BEGINNING OF LIFE （燃料）循环初期NOZZLE 喷嘴, 接管BLG 基级调节器BM TEST BOX 试验箱BENCH MARK 基准（水准）BILL OF MATERIAL 材料单BN TERMINAL BLOCK OR STRIP 端子块或板BNI BALANCE OF NUCLEAR ISLAND 核岛配套设施BNP 法国巴黎国民银行BO BLOCKING OFFICE 隔离办BRANCH OFFICE<--- HO: HEAD OFFICE 分公司 / 总公司 PLUG 插头BOA BANK OF AMERICA 美国商业银行BOC BANK OF CHINA 中国银行BEGINNING OF CYCLE 循环初期BOD BOARD OF DIRECTORS (JVC CODE) 董事会BOP BALANCE OF THE PLANT 电站配套设施BOPE BALANCE OF THE PLANT ERECTION 电站配套设施安装BOQ BILL OF QUANTITIES工程量表BP BRANCH PROCEDURE 处级程序；（法）＝ LP: LOW PRESSURE 低压力BPE （法）＝ CFC: CERTIFIED FOR CONSTRUCTION 可供施工使用BPRA BURNABLE POISON ROD ASSEMBLY 可燃毒物组件BPT BOOSTER PUMP TURBINE增压泵汽轮机BQ EMERGENCY LIGHT 应急照明, 紧急信号灯 BR （法）＝ REACTOR CAVITY LEVEL 反应堆换料水池高度 CONTROL OR SHUTDOWN ROD 控制棒或停堆(安全)棒 BS BRITISH STANDARD 英国标准COLD JUNCTION BOX 冷端盒BUTTON SWITCH按纽开关BSF （法）＝ COLD JUNCTION BOX 冷端箱BRITISH STANDARD FINE THREAD英国标准细螺纹BSI BRITISH STANDARD INSTITUTE 英国标准协会BT （法）＝ LV: LOW VOTAGE 低压BATTERY 蓄电池BTS BOOK OF TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS 技术规范BU COFFERDAM-SLUICE GATE 防水堰, 水闸BV LAMP BOX 灯具箱BW BUTT WELD 对接焊BASIC WEIGHT基本重量BORATED WATER含硼水BWR BOILING WATER REACTOR 沸水堆BX ADMINISTRATION BUILDINGS INCLUDING MEDICAL FACILITIES行政楼(包括医疗设施)CC CONDENSER (CONDENSATION-VACUUM-CIRCULATING WATER)凝汽器/冷凝-真空-循环水 CA （法）＝ AC ALTERNATING CURRENT 交流电CALIBRATION PROCEDURE 标定程序（MPB）WATERPROOF DYKE中隔堤ADAPTOR CARD适配器(卡)CAE CERTIFIED （CONFORM）AS EXECUTED 峻工状态（文件管理用语） ＝AS-BUILT DRAWING 竣工图CAF(C&F)COST AND FREIGHT离岸(成本)加运费价格CAM CONTRACTS AND ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT 合同及行政管理处（LANPC） CAN CORRECTIVE ACTION NOTICE 纠正措施通知CAR CORRECTIVE ACTION REQUEST 纠正措施要求（质保用语）TURBINE EXHAUST WATER SPRAYING 汽机排气口喷淋系统CAT COMPUTER AUXILIARY TEACHING 计算机辅助教学CB CAMPENON BERNARD 卡普隆.伯纳德/法国建筑承包商WATER INLET CHANNEL进水渠CAST BRASS黄铜铸件CIRCUIT BREAKER断路器CBA COMPUTER BLOKING ASSISTANCE (SOFTWARE) 计算机辅助隔离（软件）CBM CONTRACT BUDGET MANAGEMENT 合同预算管理CBT COMPUTER BASED TRAINING 计算计基础培训（SAT-IAEA）CC （法）＝ DC: DIRECT CURRENT 直流电OUTFALL STRUCTURES排水构筑物SELECTOR SWITCH OR KEY PAD选择器开关或键盘CONTROL CENTER控制中心COUNTERCLOCKWISE = CCW反时针方向CCB CIVIL CONTRACT BRANCH (JVC CODE) 土建合同处CCC CARGO CONDITION CERTIFICATE 货物情况证书CCIB CHINA COMMODITY INSPECTION BUREAU中国商品检验局CCL CONCRETING CHECK LIST 灌砼检查单CCO CONTRACT CHANGE ORDER合同变更命令CCP COMPONENT COOLING PUMP 设备冷却水泵CHINA COMMUNIST PARTY中国共产党COMMERCIAL CHANGE PROPOSAL 商务变更建议CCR CIVIL CHECK REPORT 土建检查报告CONTRACT CHANGE REQUEST合同变更申请CCS COMPUTER & CONTROL BRANCH (JVC CODE) 计算机管理处CCTV CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISION 闭路电视CCW COUNTER-CLOCKWISE 反时针方向CALENDAR DAY历日CD 未关闭的CAR的总天数/QA用语WATER DISCHARGE CHANNEL排水渠CAPACITOR电容器COUNTDOWN倒计时C/D CERTIFICATE OF DELIVERY 交货证明书C&D COLLECTED AND DELIVERED货款两清CDA （法）＝ HVL: HALF-VALUE LAYER 半值层CDE CHARACTER DISPLAY EQUIPMENTCDF CHEMICAL MONITORING OF FLUIDS流体的化学监测CDP CENTRAL DATA PROCESSOR中央数据处理机CONTRACT DEFINITION PHASE合同确定阶段CDSM CLAIM DELIVERY SHEET MANAGEMENT 索赔单管理CDV CONCURRENT DUAL VERIFICATION 监护验证CE （法）＝ WATER HEAD 水头 ＝ WATER FREQUENCY CONVERTER OR SHIFTER变频器或移相器CE1DISCHARGE CHANNEL BREAKWATERS排水渠防波堤CE2INLET CHANNEL BREAKWATERS进水渠防波堤CEAR CONSTRUCTION & ERECTION ALL RISKS 建筑安装工程一切险 CEB CIVIL ENGINEERING BRANCH (JVC CODE) 土建设计处CEC COMMISSION OF EUROPEAN COMMUMITY 欧共体委员会CEMDS CONDITIONS OF THE EQUIPMENT OR MATERIAL UPON DELIVERY ON SITE设备及材料到货状况报告CEO CHIEF ENGINEERS OFFICE （LANPC）主任工程师办公室CET TURBINE GLAND 汽机轴封系统CEX CONDENSATE EXTRACTION 凝结水抽取系统CF CENTRIFUGAL PURIFIER离心式净化器C&F COST AND FREIGHT 成本加运费（离岸加运输价格）C&F FO COST AND FREIGHT FREE OUT 成本加运费船方不负担卸货费用 CFA CLEAR FOR ACTION 可供采用；已弄清可采用（文件状态）CFC CERTIFIED FOR CONSTRUCTION 可供施工使用（文件状态）COST, FREIGHT AND COMMISION离岸(成本)加运费和佣金价格 CFEM HCCM 钢衬里分包商INSTALLATION OF POLAR CRANE AND 130 TONS CRANE IN FUEL BUILDING（F/S SUBCONTRACTOR） 环吊及燃料厂房内130吨CFI CIRCULATING WATER FILTRATION 循环水过滤系统COST, FREIGHT AND INSURANCE 到岸价格,成本加运费，保险费价格CFM CONDENSATE DEBRIS FILTER 凝汽器精过滤器系统CFR CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS 联邦法规（美国）CFT COLD FUNCTIONAL TEST 冷试CFT-RVO COLD FUNCTIONAL TEST－REACTOR VESSEL OPEN 冷试－压力容器开盖CFY CURRENT FISCAL YEAR本财政年度CG CONTROL ROD DRIVE控制棒驱动CGGC CHINA GEZHOUBA GROUP CORPORATION中国葛洲坝集团CGL ELECTRICAL AND CONTROL EQUIPMENT SUPPLY PACKAGE (GEC)CGR CIRCULATING WATER PUMP LUBRICATION 循环水泵润滑系统CH BOILER锅炉CHOC CIVIL WORKS HAND OVER CERTIFICATE 土建工程移交证书CI CONVENTIONAL ISLAND 常规岛C/I: CERTIFICATE OF INSURANCE 保险证明书CONTAINMENT ISOLATION安全壳隔离CIA /CIB 安全壳隔离A/B阶段CONTROL & INSTRUMENTATION控制与仪表CIB CONVENTIONAL ISLAND ERECTION BRANCH 常规岛安装处(JVC)CIC COMPENSATED ION CHAMBER压缩离子室CIE CONVENTIONAL ISLAND ERECTION 常规岛安装CIF COST INSURANCE & FREIGHT 到岸价格,成本加保险,运费价格 CIG EDF NI DESIGN COORDINATOR IN MARSEILLE (ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT)CIN COMPONENT INTERVENTION NOTICE 设备介入通知（文件类别）CINC UNCOMPENSATED ION CHAMBER非压缩离子室CIPR （法）＝ICRP:INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON REDIOLOGICAL PROTECTION国际放射性防护委员会COMERCIAL INTEREST REFERENCE RATE商业参考利率CJ U BOLT FOR SS PIPING用于SS管线的 U 型螺栓CJB COLD JUNCTION BOX冷端盒CJC COLD JUNCTION COMPENSATOR / CUBICLE冷端补偿器, 接线盒CK CHROMATOGRAPH色谱CL CURRENT－LIMITING 限流CENTER LINE 中心线LIGHT SWITCH照明开关CALENDAR LINE (INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE)国际日期变更线CLP CHINA LIGHT & POWER Co. Ltd. 中华电力有限公司（HONGKONG）CLS CI COMMISSIONING BRANCH (JVC CODE)常规岛调试处CM CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT (LANPC) 施工经理部CMA （法）＝MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATION最大允许浓度CME （法）＝REPORT ON OPERATING OCCURRENCE 运行事故报告CMU （法）＝RATED LOAD 额定负荷CN 未关闭的CAR总数目/质保用语COLUMN柱CHANGE NOTICE变更通知CNEIC CHINA NUCLEAR ENERGY INDUSTRIAL COMPANY 中国原子能工业公司CNEN EDF CIVIL DESIGN COORDINATOR IN CLAMART (NUCLEAR DEPARTMENT)CNEPE EDF CI DISIGN COORDINATOR IN TOURS (ELECTROMECHANICAL DEPARTMENT)CNI CHINA NUCLEAR INDUSTRIAL CO.中国核工业总公司 (中核总) CNNC CHINA NATIONAL NUCLEAR CORPORATION 中国核工业总公司（中核总）CNS COMITE DE NORMALISATION DE LA SOUDURE 法国焊接标准化协会CO COMMERCIAL OPERATION 商业运行COMPRESSOR OR BOOSTER压缩机或增压器C/O: CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN 产地证明书CARE OF 转交CO.:COMPANY / CO. Ltd.:COMPANY LIMITED 公司/有限公司COB CONTRACT BRANCH (JVC CODE)合同处COC I & C POWER OUTAGE TESTS I&C 电源中断试验COD COMMERCIAL OPERATION DATE 商业运行日期CASH ON DELIVERY到货付款COR CORE CONFORMITY TESTS堆芯合格试验CP CONSTRUCTION PERMIT 建造许可证（安全法规用语）CHARGING PUMP 上充泵COMMISSIONING PROGRAM 调试大纲=（法）PPECHANGE PROPOSAL 变更建议COUPLING (HYDRAULIC OR MECHANICAL)(水力或机械)联轴器PROPORTIONAL COUNTER正比计数器CPA CATHODIC PROTECTION 阴极保护系统CPB CONTRACT & PROCUREMENT BRANCH/JVC CODE合同与采购处CPC CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT ADMINISTRATIVE 施工合同管理/文件类别COMMUNIST PARTY COMMITTEE (JVC CODE) 党委CPL CONFORMITY PUNCH LIST符合性消缺单CPM CRITICAL PATH METHOD 关键路径法/统筹方法CPP （法）＝ MAIN PRIMARY SYSTEM 反应堆主系统CONDENSATE POLISHING PLANT 凝结水精处理站 ＝（法）ATECPT COLD PRECRITICAL TEST 临界前冷试CQ FRAME机架COMMERICIAL QUALITY商业质量CQA COMPANY QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT 公司质量保证部CQU （法）＝ SHOP (PLANT) QUALITY RELEASE 车间(工厂)质量放行证书 CR CLARIFICATION REQUEST 澄清申请COMMISSIONING REPORT 调试报告BOX-MARSHALLING BOX箱子或编组箱CRAU CONTROL ROD ACTUATION UNIT控制棒执行机构CRD CENTRAL REFERENCE DOCUMENTATION SET 中央基准文件库CONTROL ROD DRIVE控制棒驱动CRDHS CONTRTOL ROD DRIVE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM控制棒液压驱动系统CRDM CONTROL ROD DRIVE MECHANISM 控制棒驱动机构CRF CLARIFICATION REQUEST FORM 澄清问题申请单CIRCULATING WATER 循环水系统CRI CRITICALITY 临界CRO COMPUTER REQUEST TO ORDER (FORM) 计算机采购申请单CRT CATHODE RAY TUBE 阴极射线管CRTC CHINA ROAD TRANSPORTATION COMPANY 中国汽车运输总公司CS CARBON STEEL 碳钢CONDENSER 凝汽器CONTAINMENT SPRAY安全壳喷淋CSD CENTRAL SATELITE DOCUMENTATION SET 中央卫星文件库CSN CONTRACT SERIAL NUMBER合同顺序号CSP COMMON SERVICE PANEL公用盘CT PROJECT-CONSTRUCTION TEAM 施工队PRINTER CIRCUIT BOARD印刷电路板TEMPERATURE CONVERTER温度转换器CTA CONDENSER TUBE CLEANING 凝汽器管清洗系统CTE CIRCULATING WATER TREATMENT 循环水处理系统CTS COMMOM TOOLS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 常用工具管理系统CTT CONTAINMENT TESTS 安全壳试验CU LINER (RETENTION PIT)(水池)衬里CUW CALL UPON WARRANTY 要求（供应商）履行保证条款CV KEY INTERLOCK MECHANISM键锁机构CONTROL VALVE控制阀CVI CONDESER VACUUM 凝汽器真空系统CW CIVIL WORK 土建工程COOLING WATER 冷却水VESSEL容器CWE CHINA WATER & ELECTRIC CORPORATION 中国水电公司CWJ CATALOG OF WELDED JOINT焊接接头目录CWS CIVIL WORK COORDINATION BRANCH (JVC CODE)土建协调处STRAPS FOR PIPING Ф 3″IN SS OR CS用于Ф 3″SS或 CS的固定管卡 CX HANDLLING TROLLEY搬运小车CXR STRAPS FOR PIPING Ф ≤4″IN SS OR CS用于Ф≤4″SS或CS的固定管卡 CYL COMMUNIST YOUTH LEAGUE 共青团DD VENTILATION- HANDLING EQUIPMENT- 通风--装卸设备--通讯--照明 COMMUNICATIONS- LIGHTINGDA SNUBBER阻尼器SHOCK AND SWAY SUPPRESSOR (SNUBBERS)震动(摆动)阻尼器(缓冲器)DAA HOT AND COLD WORKSHOPS AND WAREHOUSE 冷.热机修车间仓库的电梯E LEVATORSDAB （法）＝ SNUBBER 减震器；缓冲器ADMINISTRATION BUILDING ELEVATORS 办公楼电梯DAC DIGITAL-ANALOG CONVERTER 数字-模拟转换器DAI NUCLEAR ISLAND BUILDING ELEVATORS 核岛厂房电梯DAM TURBINE HALL ELEVATORS透平大厅电梯DAS DOCUMENT/ARCHIVES SYSTEM 文件/档案计算机管理系统DBA DESIGN BASIS ACCIDENT 设计基准事故＝（法）ADRDBE DESIGN BASIS EVENT 设计基准事件DC DOCUMENT CENTER 文件中心FUEL HANDLING EQUIPMENT核燃料吊装设备DCM DAILY COMISSIONING MEETING 调试例会DCR DESIGN CHANGE REQUEST 设计变更申请有意见的文件比例 （QA用语）＝有意见文件总数÷被审查文件总数DOCUMENTS CHANGE REQUEST文件变更申请DD DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT DRAWIGNS 设计图及设配备图/文件编码用语DDD DOMESTIC DIRECT DIALING 国内直拨电话DE DEMINERALIZER除盐装置DEB ADMINISTRATION BUILDING ELEVATORS 办公楼冷.热水系统DEG NUCLEAR ISLAND CHILLED WATER 核岛冷冻水系统DEL ELECTRICAL BUILDING CHILLED WATER 电气厂房冷冻水系统DEM MULTI -SYSTEM TEST PHASE (FROM FUEL LOADING UP TO FULL POWER)多系统试验阶段 (从装料到满功率) DEN DESIGN EVOLUTION NOTICE 设计修改(进展)通知DESIGN EVALUATION NOTICE设计评价通知DES DESCRIPTIVE 描述性（文件类别）DG DIESEL-GENERATOR 柴油发电机GAS INSULATED CONDUCTOR GALLERY超高压廊道TRASH RAKE拦污栅DH OIL REMOVER除油器DI MEMBRANE-DIAPHRAGM膜片-隔膜DIN （德）＝ 德国工业标准DIPS DESIGN-INTERFACE-PRICE-SCHEDULE 设计-接口-价格-计划DIS DOCUMENTATION IDENTIFICATION SHEET 文件标识单DK RUPTURE MEMBRANE OR DISK爆破膜或爆破盘DL INVERTER逆变器DM DEPUTY MANAGER （JVC-OPS) 生产部副经理HANDLING FLASK-SHIPPING CASK屏蔽容器-运输容器DMA （法）＝ MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE DOSE 最大允许剂量BOP HANDLING EQUIPMENT BOP 装卸搬运设备DME MAIN SWITCHYARD HANDLING EQUIPMENT 主开关站装卸搬运设备DMH MISCELLANEOUS HOIST AND LIFTING BOP 厂房和区域内的各种起吊设备EQUIPMENT IN BOP BUILDINGS AND AREASDMI DRUM LONG TERM STORAGE HANDLING EQUIPMENT混凝土桶长期存放用的装卸搬运设备DMK FUEL BUILDING HANDLING EQUIPMENT 核燃料厂房装卸搬运设备DML （法）＝ MEDIAN LETHAL DOSE 半数致死剂量DMM TURBINE HALL MECHANICAL HANDLING 汽机厂房机械装卸设备EQUIPMENT DIGITIAL MULTIMETER 数字式万用表DMN NUCLEAR AUXILIARY BUILDING HANDLING 核辅助厂房机械装卸设备EQUIPMENTDMP CIRCULATING WATER PUMPING STATION 循环水泵站装卸搬运设备HANDLING EQUIPMENTDMR REACTOR BUILDING HANDLING EQUIPMENT 反应堆厂房装卸搬运设备DMS DATA MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 数据管理系统 (F/S)DOCUMENTS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 文件资料管理系统 (C23)DMW HANDLING EQUIPMENT FOR REACTOR BUILDING EXTERNAL GANTRY,PERIPHERAL ROOMS,DIESEL BUILDINGS, WASTE AUXILIARY BUILDING AND ELECTRICALBUILDING 反应堆厂房龙门架及其外部厂房装卸搬运设备DN- NORMAL LIGHTING 正常照明系统DNR NDX DNL..DEIONIZER去离子器DNB BOP BUILDINGS & AREAS NORMAL LIGHTING BOP厂房和区域正常照明系统 DND DIESEL BUILDINGS NORMAL LIGHTING柴油机厂房正常照明系统DNK FUEL BUILDING NORMAL LIGHTING核燃料厂房正常照明系统DNL ELECTRTICAL BUILDING NORMAL LIGHTING电气厂房正常照明系统NDM TURBINE HALL BUILDING NORMAL LIGHTING汽机厂房正常照明系统DNN NUCLEAR AUXILIARY BUILDING NORMAL LIGHTING 核辅助厂房正常照明系统DNQ WASTE AUXILIARY BUILDING NORMAL LIGHTING 废物辅助厂房正常照明系统DNR REACTOR BUILDING NORMAL LIGHTING反应堆厂房正常照明系统DNW PERIPHERAL ROOMS BUILDING NORMAL LIGHTING 联结厂房间正常照明系统D/O DELIVERY ORDER 交（出）货单， 提货单DOC DOCUMENTATION CENTER (JVC CODE) 资料中心DOCOSY DOCUMENT CONTROL SYSTEM 文件管理系统（软件名）DOM DEPUTY OPERATIONS MANAGER 生产部第一副部长(JVC)DP DOUBLE-POLE 双极DYE PRINTING 着色探伤ROD CLUSTER CONTROL CHANGING FIXTURE控制棒束换位器DATA PROCESSOR数据处理器DPDT DOUBLE-POLE DOUBLE-THROW 双极双掷 ～switch、～relay DPM DEPUTY PROJECT MANAGERS (LANPC)项目副经理DPS DAYA BAY PUBLIC SECURITY BRANCH/JVC CODE 大亚湾公安分局DPST DOUBLE-POLE SINGLE-THROW 双极单掷DQS SU ZHOU THERMO-ENGINEERING RESEARCH INSTITUTE 苏州热工研究所DR DEVIATION REPORTS 偏差项报告CONTROL VALVE (SPOOL TYPE)错油阀(用于油动机)DRA DESIGN RESTRICTED AREA设计限制区域DRG （法）＝ FAILED FUEL ELEMENT DETECTION燃料元件破损检测；＝ CLAD FAILURE DETECTION燃料包壳破裂探测DRR DOCUMENTS REFERENCE ROOM资料室 (C23)DRV DRAIN RETRUN VESSEL疏水返回容器DS- EMERGENCY LIGHTING 应急照明系统DSR DSE DSQ.. DS DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS 设计规范(文件编码用语) DEHYDRATING-DESICCATOR-DRYER脱水器-干燥器DSB BOP BUILDINGS AND AREAS EMERGENCY LIGHTINGBOP厂房和区域应急照明系统 DSD DIESEL BUILDINGS EMERGENCY LIGHTING柴油机厂房应急照明系统DSE （法）＝ SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 系统说明DSI SITE SECURITY SYSTEM 厂区保安系统DSK FUEL BUILDING EMERGENCY LIGHTING核燃料厂房应急照明系统DSL ELECTRICAL BUILDING EMERGENCY LIGHTING电气厂房应急照明系统DOCUMENTS SUBMITTAL LIST文件分发单DSM TURBINE HALL EMERGENCY LIGHTING汽机厂房应急照明系统DSN NUCLEAR AUXILIARY BUILDING EMERGENCY LIGHTING核辅助厂房应急照明系统DSQ WASTE AUXILIARY BUILDING EMERGENCY LIGHTING废物辅助厂房应急照明系统 DSR REACTOR BUILDING EMERGENCY LIGHTING反应堆厂房应急照明系统DSS DEPUTY SHIFT SUPERVISOR 副值长DSU SECURITY LIGHTING RECTIFIERS AND BATTERIES安全照明用整流器和蓄电池系统DSW PERIPHERAL ROOMS EMERGENCY LIGHTING连接厂房房间应急照明系统 DT DOUBLE-THROW 双掷 (～switch)DELIVERY TIME交付时间DETECTOR 检测器DTL CLOSED-CIRCUIT TELEVISION 闭路电视系统 co. CCTVDTT DIRECT TRANSFER TRIP 直接传输跳闸DTU DISPLAY TERMINAL UNIT显示终端装置DTV COMMUNICATION 厂区通讯系统DVA COLD WORKSHOP AND WAREHOUSE VENTILATION 冷机修车间和仓库通风系统 DVB ADMINISTRATION BUILDING VENTILATION 办公楼通风系统DVC CONTROL ROOM AIR CONDITIONING 主控室通风系统DVD DIESEL BUILDINGS VENTILATION 柴油机房通风系统DVE CABLE FLOOR VENTILATION 电缆层通风系统DVF ELECTRICAL BUILDING SMOKE EXHAUST 电气厂房排烟系统DVG AUXILIARY FEEDWATER PUPM ROOM VENTILATION 辅助给水泵房通风系统DVH CHARGING PUMP ROOM EMERGENCY VENTILATION 上充泵房应急通风系统DVI COMPONENT COOLING ROOM VENTILATION 设备冷却水房间通风系统DVK FUEL BUILDING VENTILATION 核燃料厂房通风系统DVL ELECTRICAL BUILDING VENTILATION 电气厂房主通风系统DVM TURBINE HALL VENTILATION 汽机厂房通风系统DVN NUCLEAR AUXILIARY BUILDING VENTILATION 核辅助厂房通风系统DVP CIRCULATING WATER PUMPING STATION VENTILATION 循环水泵站通风系统DVQ WASTE AUXILIARY BUILDING VENTILATION 废物辅助厂房通风系统DVS SAFETY INJECTION AND CONTAINMENT SPRAY PUMP MOTOR ROOM VENTILATION 安全注入和安全壳喷淋泵电机房通风系统DVT DEMINERALIZATION PLANT VENTILATION 除盐水车间通风系统DVV AUXILIARY BOILER AND COMPRESSOR BUILDING VENTILATION辅助锅炉和空压机厂房通风系统DVW PERIPHERAL ROOMS VENTILATION 安全壳环廊房间通风系统DIGITAL VOLTMETER数字电压表DVX LUBRICATING OIL TRANSFER PLANT BUILDING VENTILATION润滑油输送装置厂房通风系统 DW DEMINERALIZED WATER 除盐水DWA HOT WORKSHOP AND WAREHOUSE VENTILATION 热机修车间和仓库通风系统 DWB RESTAURANT VENTILATION 餐厅通风系统DWE MAIN SWITCHYARD VENTILATION 主开关展通风系统DWG DRAWING图纸MISCELLANEOUS BOP BUILDINGS VENTILATION SYSTEM (UA BUILDING)其他BOP厂房通风系统/UA厂房 DWF* DEFECT WORKS BY F/SDWJ* DEFECT WORKS BY JVC (MATERIAL DEFECT)DWU* DEFECT WORKS BY UNKNOWNDWL HOT LAUNDRY VENTILATION 热洗衣间通风系统DWN SITE LABORATORY VENTILATION 厂区实验室通风系统第21页DWR SECURITY BUILDING VENTILATION 应急保安楼通风系统DWRS DAY WORK RECORD REPORT 日工作报告单DWS ESSENTIAL SERVICE WATER PUMPING STATION VENTILATION重要厂用水泵站通风系统 DWX OIL AND GREASE STORAGE AREA VENTILATION SYSTEM (FC BUILDING)油及润滑脂贮存区通风系统/FC厂房 DWY ELECTROCHLORINATION PLANT VENTILATION 制氯站通风系统DWZ HYDROGEN PRODUCTION PLANT VENTILATION 制氢站通风系统DX DIESEL GENERATOR BUILDING (INCLUDING DA,DB) 柴油发电机厂房DY DIODE二极管DZ DEAERATOR-GAS STRIPPER除氧器EE CONTAINMENT 安全壳EA ERECTION AREA 安装区域ELECTROMAGNET电磁铁EAC （法）＝ HOT-FUNCTIONAL TEST 热态试验EAF （法）＝ COLD TEST 冷态试验EAS CONTAINMENT SPRAY 安全壳喷淋系统EAU CONTAINMENT INSTRUMENTATION 安全壳仪表系统EB FIRE FIGHTING TRAINING BUILDINGS消防培训站EBA CONTAINMENT SWEEPING VENTILATION 安全壳换气通风系统EBB ELECTRICAL & BOP COMMISSIONING BRANCH电气和BOP协调处(JVC) EBW ELECTRON BEAM TEST 电子束焊EC METEOROLOGICAL AND SITE RADIATION MONITORING STATION气象和厂区辐射监测站第22页SHIELD (PROTECTION)-COMPUTER LOGIC INPUT 屏蔽-计算机逻辑输入ERECTION CONTRACTOR安装承包商ECB ERECTION CONTRACT BRANCH (JVC CODE)合同安装处ECC EQUIPMENT CONDITION CERTIFICATE 设备情况(状态)证书EMERGENCY CORE COOLING 堆芯应急冷却、事故冷却ECLB 漏电开关ECS EQUIPMENT CONTROL SECTION （LANPC）设备管理科ECSR END OF CONSTRUCTION STATUS REPORT建造竣工证书ECT EDDY CURRENT TEST = ET 涡流检验ED WASTE WATER TREATMENT BUILDING废水处理厂房MISCELLANEOUS COMPONENTS杂项设备EDF ELECTRICITE’DE FRANCE法国电力公司EDI SEPTIC TANK 化粪池EDP ELECTRONIC DATA PROCESS (CENTER) 电子数据处理（中心）COMPUTER CENTER (JVC CODE)电脑中心EDR ENGINEERING DESIGN RATING设计额定值EE CLUTCH ELECTROMAGNET啮合电磁铁EEC END OF ERECTION CERTIFICATE安装完工证书EEFR EXTERNAL EXPERIENCE FEEDBACK REVIEW外部经验反馈平述EESR END OF ERECTION STATUS REPORT 安装竣工报告EF IRON STORAGE 钢材储存库CLOSING SOLENOID VALVE (PILOT)常闭式先导电磁阀EFCO （法）＝ OPEN-VESSEL FUNCTIONAL TEST 反应堆开盖功能试验EFPD EQUIVALENT FULL POWER DAYS 等值满功率运行日数满功率等效日＝ （法）JEPP EG MIXER混合器EHP PRIMARY SYSTEM HYDROSTATIC TEST主系统液压试验EHV EXTRA HIGH VOLTAGE 超高压EI公关中心第23页REACTOR PRESSURE VESSEL INTERNALS堆内构件EIE CONTAINMENT ISOLATION安全壳隔离EIR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT 环境影响报告END OF INTERVENTION REPORT 介入完工报告EIT ELECTRICAL INTEGRATED TEAM 电气综合队EJ EJECTOR喷射器EL LAUNDRY AND CHANGING BUILDING 洗衣更衣房SOLENOID VALVE (PILOT)(先导)电磁阀ELCB漏电开关ELECTRABEL比利时电气公司ELS ELECTRICAL ERECTION BRANCH (JVC CODE)电气安装处EM EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT CENTRE应急管理中心MEMBRANE OR DIAPHRAGM膜片或隔膜EMB ELECTRICAL & MECHANICAL ENGINEERING BRANCH 机电设计处(JVC)EMC END OF MANUFACTURING CERTIFICATE 制造完工合格证EMF ELECTRO-MOTIVE FORCE 电动势EMP ELECTRO MECHANICAL PACKAGE 机电（工程）安装包EMPL EQUIPMENT & MATERIALS PROCUREMENT LIST 设备及材料采购单EMR EQUIPMENT & MATERIAL PROCUREMENT LIST 设备材料采购单END OF MANUFACTURING REPORT 设备出厂报告ENGINEERING MATERIAL RESEARCH 工程材料研究EMS ELECTRICAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 电气管理系统EMSR END OF MANUFACTURING STATUS REPORT 制造完工状态报告EMT ELECTRICAL METALLIC TUBING 电气金属套管EN RECORDER记录仪ENCL. ENCLOSURE 附件ENG ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT PROCEDURE 工程管理程序（文件类别） ENGINEERING PROCUDURE MANUAL 技术实施细则第24页ENR EVENT NOTIFICATION REPORT事件通报ENS MULTI-SYSTEM TEST PHASE （UP TO PREPARATION FOR FUEL LOADING）多系统试验阶段（直至准备装料）EO OPENING SOLENOID VALVE (PILOT)常开式先导电磁阀EOC END OF OPERATION CERTIFICATE 完工证书EOE ERRORS AND OMISSIONS EXCEPTED 差错待查EOI EMERGENCY OPERATION INSTRUCTION 应急运行细则EOL END OF LIFE 寿命末期EOMM EQUIPMENT OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL 设备运行维修手册EOMR END OF MANUFACTURING REPORT 制造竣工报告,设备出厂报告 EOR END OF OPERATION REPORT 运行完工报告EP EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS 应急准备ERECTION PROCEDURE 安装程序ELECTRO-PNEUMATIC CONVERTER电动-气动转换器EPA ENVIRONMENT RROTECTION AGENCY环境保护机构(美国)EPAC （法）＝ PRECRITICAL HOT TEST 临界时高温/热态试验；NATIONAL ENVIONMENT PROTECTION AGENCY 国家环保局EPAF （法）＝ PRECRITICAL COLD TEST 临界时低温/冷态试验EPB ENGINEERING & PROCUREMENT BRANCH (JVC CODE) 设计采购处EPCN EMERGENCY PROCEDURE CHANGE NOTICE 应急规程变更通知单EPDM乙丙橡胶EPE EPM IN EUROPE欧洲工程采购管理（LANPC） EPF （法）＝ PRECRITICAL COLD TEST 临界时低温/冷态试验EPM ENGINEERING AND PROCUREMENT MANAGEMENT工程和采购管理EPOC EMERGENCY PLAN ON-CALL 应急待召（计划）EPP CONTAINMENT LEAKAGE MONITORING 安全壳泄漏监测系统EPRI ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE 电力试验研究所（美国）第25页EPS COMPUTER DATA MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR EQUIPMENT AND SPARE PARTS设备及备件的微机数据管理系统EPT END OF PERFORMANCE TEST 性能试验结束ENGINEERING & PROCUREMENT TEAM工程施工及采购队EQ SPARK GAP放电间隙EQB EQUIPMENT BRANCH (JVC CODE)设备处EQCR EXTERNAL QC REPORT (HCCM) 外部质检报告ER 需在欧洲加以解决的不符合项数目 （QA用语）ELECTRIC BRAKE电动制动器ERA EUROPE REPRESENTATIVE AGENCY 驻欧办事处ERFS EESR RESERVATION FOLLOW-UP SHEET EESR 签字后保留项目跟踪文件 ES EVENT NOTIFICATION 事件通知单ERECTION SPECIFICATION 安装技术规范ENGINEERING SECTION 工程科 (JVC)LIGHTING APPARATUS照明设备EARTH SWITCH接地开关ESKOM KOEBERG NPP IN IT南非电力公司ESF ENGINEERED SAFEGUARD FEATURES 设计的安全保障特性ESP EESR SUBSYSTEM PACKAGE 安装竣工报告子系统（法）＝ SSPE: SOLID-STATE POWER EQUIPMENT 固体电力设备ESR END OF SURVEYING REPORT 测量竣工报告ESTR ERECTION STANDARD TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS 安装标准技术要求ET TRANSIT CHANGING ROOMS FOR REACTOR SHUTDOWN 停堆用更衣室EDDY CURRENT TEST涡流探伤ETA ESTIMATED TIME OF ARRIVAL预计到达时间ETF EXECUTION TRACING FILE 施工记录档案ETG ELECTRIC TURNING GEAR 电动盘车ETRC EQUIPMENT TRANSFER REQUEST AND CERTIFICATE 设备移交申请和证书ETS END OF TEST SHEET 安装结束试验单ETY CONTAINMENT ATMOSPHERE MONITORING 安全壳内大气监测系统第26页。

代码审计报告源代码审计报告I。

概述1.1 源代码审计概述本次源代码审计旨在对该项目的代码进行全面的检查和评估，以确定其安全性和可靠性，并提供相关建议和改进方案。

1.2 项目概述该项目是一个基于Web的应用程序，旨在提供一种方便快捷的方式来管理和处理数据。

该应用程序包含多个模块和功能，如用户管理、数据分析和报告生成等。

II。

审核对象2.1 应用列表本次审计的应用程序包括但不限于以下模块：用户管理、数据分析和报告生成等。

2.2 参与人员本次审计的参与人员包括但不限于开发人员、测试人员和安全专家等。

他们将共同合作，确保本次审计的有效性和准确性。

2.3 代码审计所使用的相关资源在进行代码审计时，需要使用一些相关的资源来辅助分析和检测代码的安全性。

以下是一些常用的资源：2.3.1 XXXXXX是一款免费的静态代码分析工具，用于检测.NET平台上的常见安全问题。

它可以检测SQL注入、跨站脚本攻击、XML注入等安全漏洞。

2.3.2 Microsoft Visual。

2008 Code AnalysisMicrosoft Visual。

2008 Code Analysis是一款集成在Visual 中的静态代码分析工具，可以检测代码中的潜在问题，如内存泄漏、安全漏洞等。

2.3.3 SSW Code AuditorSSW Code Auditor是一款针对.NET代码的静态代码分析工具，可以检测代码中的安全漏洞、性能问题和可维护性问题等。

三。

现状分析在进行代码审计之前，需要对系统的现状进行分析。

这包括了系统的架构、技术栈、功能模块等方面的分析。

四。

审计结果4.1 门户（PORTAL）在门户方面，我们发现存在一些安全隐患，如未对用户输入进行过滤和验证，存在SQL注入和跨站脚本攻击的风险。

建议对用户输入进行过滤和验证，以避免安全漏洞的出现。

4.1 用户管理模块用户管理模块是本系统的核心功能之一，它允许管理员创建、编辑、删除用户账户，并对其进行管理。

Asia-Pacific Economic CooperationAsia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) is a forum for 21 Pacific Rim countries (formally Member Economies) that seeks to promote free trade and economic cooperation throughout the Asia-Pacific region. Established in 1989 in response to the growing interdependence of Asia-Pacific economies and the advent of regional economic blocs (such as the European Union) in other parts of the world, APEC works to raise living standards and education levels through sustainable economic growth and to foster a sense of community and an appreciation of shared interests among Asia-Pacific countries. Members account for approximately 40% of the world's population, approximately 54% of the world's gross domestic product and about 44% of world trade.[1]An annual APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting is attended by the heads of government of all APEC members except the Republic of China (Taiwan), which is represented under the name Chinese Taipei by a ministerial-level official. The location of the meeting rotates annually among the member economies, and until 2011, a famous tradition involved the attending leaders dressing in a national costume of the host member.HistoryIn January 1989, Australian Prime Minister Bob Hawke called for more effective economic cooperation across the Pacific Rim region. This led to the first meeting of APEC in the Australian capital of Canberra in November, chaired by Australian Foreign Affairs Minister Gareth Evans. Attended by political ministers from twelve countries, the meeting concluded with commitments for future annual meetings in Singapore and South Korea.Countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) opposed the initial proposal, instead proposing the East Asia Economic Caucus which would exclude non-Asian countries such as the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. This plan was opposed and strongly criticized by Japan and the United States.The first APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting occurred in 1993 when U.S. President Bill Clinton, after discussions with Australian Prime Minister Paul Keating, invited the heads of government from member economies to a summit on Blake Island. He believed it would help bring the stalled Uruguay Round of trade talks back on track. At the meeting, some leaders called for continued reduction of barriers to trade and investment,envisioning a community in the Asia-Pacific region that might promote prosperity through cooperation. The APEC Secretariat, based in Singapore, was established to coordinate the activities of the organization.During the meeting in 1994 in Bogor, Indonesia, APEC leaders adopted the Bogor Goals that aim for free and open trade and investment in the Asia-Pacific by 2010 for industrialized economies and by 2020 for developing economies. In 1995, APEC established a business advisory body named the APEC Business Advisory Council (ABAC), composed of three business executives from each member economy.Member EconomiesAPEC currently has 21 members, including most countries with a coastline on the Pacific Ocean. However, the criterion for membership is that the member is a separate economy, rather than a state. As a result, APEC uses the term member economies rather than member countries to refer to its members. One result of this criterion is that membership of the forum includes Republic of China(participating under the name "Chinese Taipei") alongside People's Republic of China (see Cross-Strait relations), as well as Hong Kong, which entered APEC as a British colony but it is now a Special Administrative Region of People's Republic of China.Possible enlargementIndia has requested membership in APEC, and received initial support from the United States, Japan[5] and Australia. Officials have decided not to allow India to join for various reasons.[6][7]However, the decision was made not to admit more members until 2010. Moreover, India does not border the Pacific Ocean, which all current members do.[8] However, India has been invited to be an observer for the first time in November 2011. [9]In addition to India, Mongolia, Pakistan, Laos, Bangladesh, Costa Rica,[10] Colombia,[10][11]Panama[10]and Ecuador,[12]are among a dozen countries seeking membership in APEC by 2008. Colombia applied for APEC's membership as early as in 1995, but its bid was halted as the organization stopped accepting new members from 1993 to 1996,[13]and the moratorium was further prolonged to 2007 due to the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis. Costa Rica, Colombia and Ecuador had hoped to become members by 2010.[citation needed]Guam has also been actively seeking a separate membership, citing the example of Hong Kong, but the request is opposed by the United States, which currently represents Guam.APEC's Three PillarsTo meet the Bogor Goals, APEC carries out work in three main areas:1. Trade and Investment Liberalization2. Business Facilitation3. Economic and Technical CooperationAPEC and Trade LiberalizationAccording to the organization itself, when APEC was established in 1989 average trade barriers in the region stood at 16.9 percent, but had been reduced to 5.5% in 2004.[14]APEC's Business Facilitation EffortsAPEC has long been at the forefront of reform efforts in the area of business facilitation. Between 2002-2006 the costs of business transactions across the region was reduced by 6 percent, thanks to the APEC Trade Facilitation Action Plan (TFAPI). Between 2007 and 2010, APEC hopes to achieve an additional 5 percent reduction in business transaction costs. To this end, a new Trade Facilitation Action Plan has been endorsed. According to a 2008 research brief published by the World Bank as part of its Trade Costs and Facilitation Project, increasing transparency in the region's trading system is critical if APEC is to meet its Bogor Goal targets.[15]The APEC Business Travel Card, a travel document for visa-free business travel within the region is one of the concrete measures to facilitate business. In May 2010 Russia joined the scheme, thus completing the circle.[16]Proposed Free Trade Area of the Asia-PacificAPEC is considering the prospects and options for a Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific (FTAAP) which would include all member economies of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC). Since 2006, the APEC Business Advisory Council, promoting the theory that a free trade area has the best chance of converging the member nations and ensuring stable economic growth under free trade, has lobbied for the creation of a high-level task force to study and develop a plan for a free trade area. The proposal for a FTAAP arose due to the lack of progress in the Doha round of World Trade Organization negotiations, and as a way to overcome the 'spaghetti bowl' effect created by overlapping and conflicting elements of free tradeagreements between members –there are as many as 60 free trade agreements and 117 being negotiated in Southeast Asia and the Asia-Pacific region.[17][17][18][19][19]The FTAAP is more ambitious in scope than the Doha round, which limits itself to reducing trade restrictions. The FTAAP would create a free trade zone that would considerably expand commerce and economic growth in the region.[17][19]The economic expansion and growth in trade could exceed the expectations of other regional free trade areas such as the ASEAN Plus Three (ASEAN + China, Japan, and South Korea).[20] Some criticisms include that the diversion of trade within APEC members would create trade imbalances, market conflicts and complications with nations of other regions.[19]The development of the FTAAP is expected to take many years, involving essential studies, evaluations and negotiations between member economies.[17] It is also affected by the absence of political will and popular agitations and lobbying against free trade in domestic politics.[17]APEC Study Center ConsortiumIn 1993, APEC Leaders decided to establish a network of APECStudy Centres (ASCs) amongst universities and researchinstitutions in APEC member economies.[21]Notable centers include:∙Australian APEC Study Centre, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Australia[22]∙Berkeley APEC Study Center, University of California, Berkeley, United States[23]∙Chinese Taipei APEC Study Center, Taiwan Institute of Economic Research, Taiwan[24]∙HKU APEC Study Center, Hong Kong University, Hong Kong, China[25]∙Kobe APEC Study Center, Kobe University, Japan[26]∙Nankai APEC Study Center, Nankai University, People's Republic of China[27]∙Philippine APEC Study Center Network, Philippine Institute for Development Studies, Philippines∙The Canadian APEC Study Centre, The Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada, Vancouver, Canada[28]∙Indonesian APEC Study Centre, APEC Study Center University of Indonesia, Indonesia.[29]APEC Business Advisory CouncilThe APEC Business Advisory Council (ABAC) was created by the APEC Economic Leaders in November 1995 with the aim of providing advice to the APEC Economic Leaders on ways to achieve the Bogor Goals and other specific business sector priorities, and to provide the business perspective on specific areas of cooperation.Each economy nominates up to three members from the private sector to ABAC. These business leaders represent a wide range of industry sectors.ABAC provides an annual report to APEC Economic Leaders containing recommendations to improve the business and investment environment in the Asia-Pacific region, and outlining business views about priority regional issues.ABAC is also the only non-governmental organisation that is on the official agenda of the APEC Economic Leader’s Meeting.Annual APEC Economic Leaders' MeetingsSince its formation in 1989, APEC has held annual meetings with representatives from all member economies. The first four annual meetings were attended by ministerial-level officials. Beginning in 1993, the annual meetings are named APEC Economic Leaders' Meetings and are attended by the heads of government from all member economies except Taiwan, which is represented by a ministerial-level official. The annual Leaders' Meetings are not called summits.Meeting developmentsIn 1997, the APEC meeting was held in Vancouver. Controversy arose after officers of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police used pepper spray against protesters. The protesters objected to the presence of autocratic leaders such as Indonesian president Suharto. [30][31][32][33][34][35]At the 2001 Leaders' Meeting in Shanghai, APEC leaders pushed for a new round of trade negotiations and support for a program of trade capacity-building assistance, leading to the launch of the Doha Development Agenda a few weeks later. The meeting also endorsed the Shanghai Accord proposed by the United States, emphasising the implementation of open markets, structural reform, and capacity building. As part of the accord, the meeting committed to develop and implement APEC transparency standards, reduce trade transaction costs in theAsia-Pacific region by 5 percent over 5 years, and pursue tradeliberalization policies relating to information technology goods and services.In 2003, Jemaah Islamiah leader Riduan Isamuddin had planned to attack the APEC Leaders Meeting to be held in Bangkok in October. He was captured in the city of Ayutthaya, Thailand by Thai police on August 11, 2003, before he could finish planning the attack.[citation needed]Chile became the first South American nation to host the Leaders' Meeting in 2004. The agenda of that year was focused on terrorism and commerce, small and medium enterprise development, and contemplation of free trade agreements and regional trade agreements.The 2005 Leaders' Meeting was held in Busan, South Korea. The meeting focused on the Doha round of World Trade Organization(WTO) negotiations, leading up to the WTO Ministerial Conference of 2005 held in Hong Kong in December. Weeks earlier, trade negotiations in Paris were held between several WTO members, including the United States and the European Union, centered on reducing agricultural trade barriers. APEC leaders at the summit urged the European Union to agree to reducing farm subsidies. Peaceful protests against APEC were staged in Busan, but the meeting schedule was not affected.At the Leaders' Meeting held on November 19, 2006 in Hanoi, APEC leaders called for a new start to global free-trade negotiations while condemning terrorism and other threats to security. APEC also criticised North Korea for conducting a nuclear test and a missile test launch that year, urging the country to take "concrete and effective" steps toward nuclear disarmament. Concerns about nuclear proliferation in the region was discussed in addition to economic topics. The United States and Russia signed an agreement as part of Russia's bid to join the World Trade Organization.The APEC Australia 2007 Leaders' Meeting was held in Sydney from 2-9 September 2007. The political leaders agreed to an "aspirational goal" of a 25% reduction of energy intensity correlative with economic development.[36] Extreme security measures including airborne sharpshooters and extensive steel-and-concrete barricades were deploye against anticipated protesters and potential terrorists. However, protest activities were peaceful and the security envelope was penetrated with ease by a spoof diplomatic motorcade manned by members of the Australian television program The Chaser, one of whom was dressed to resemble the Al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden.CriticismAPEC has been criticized for failing to clearly define itself or serve a useful purpose. According to the organization, it is "the premier forum for facilitating economic growth, cooperation, trade and investment in the Asia-Pacific region" established to "further enhance economic growth and prosperity for the region and to strengthen the Asia-Pacific community."[46]However, whether it has accomplished anything constructive remains debatable, especially from the viewpoints of European countries that can not take part in the activities of APEC and European countries used to having the sphere of influence on the unprecedented colonial territories during 19th century and 20th century in the Asia-Pacific region.[47]。

英语缩略语A A. a ampere 安(培) acceleration 加速度 absolute temperature 绝对温度 AA approximate absolute temperature 近似绝对温标 AAC automatic amplitude control 自动振幅控制 AAE American Association of Engineers 美国工程师协会 AA(E)E American Association of Electrical Engineers 美国电气工程师协会 AAW air-acetylene welding 空气乙炔焊 AB airblast 鼓风 Ab air-breaker 空气断路器 AB(S) American Bureau of Shipping 美国船舶局，美国船级社 ABB air-blast circuit breaker 空气吹弧断路器 ABB automatic back bias 自动反偏压 abbr. abbreviation 缩写 ABC automatic bias compensation 自动偏差补偿 ABC automatic bias control 自动偏差控制 ABC air blast cooled 鼓风冷却的 ABC automatic boiler control 锅炉自动控制 ABDC after bottom dead center 在下死点后 A.BRG . aft bearing 后轴承 ABRSV RES abrasive resistant 耐磨的 ABS American Bureau of Standards 美国标准局 ABS. absolute 绝对的 Abs.E absolute error 绝对误差 abs(t). abstract(s)摘要，文摘 abs.t absolute temperature 绝对温度 abs.visc absolute viscosity 绝对粘度 AC air cool(er)空气冷却(器) ac(c). accumulator 蓄电池，蓄能器，蓄压器，蓄热器 AC, A.C., ac, a.c., A/C, A-C, a-c alternative current 交流 (电) AC analog computer 模拟计算机AC automatic control 自动控制AC axial centrifugal 轴流离心式A/C air compressor 空气压缩机A/C air conditioning 空气调节 ACB air circuit breaker 空气断路器 ACC automatic combustion control 燃烧自动控制ACC ALARM acoustic alarm 音响报警ACCU automatic control system certified for unattended engine room(经美国船舶局)核 准的无人机舱自动控制系统（代号）AC-DC alternating current-direct current 交流(电)-支流(电)ACE air conditioning equipment 空气调节设备ACI annealed cast iron 退火铸铁 ACON air conditioning 空气调节ACR automatic controller 自动控制器 ACR automatic current regulator 自动电流调节器ac rel alternating current relay 交流继电器ACS-O access opening 检修孔，人孔ACV automatic control valve 自动控制阀 ACW anti-clockwise 反时针方向 AD average deviation 平均偏差 A.D. Anno Domini 公元ADA automatic data acquisition 自动数据测取装置ADA CONV. A/D converter 交流/直流转换器 ADD.ALARM INFO additional alarm information(附加)消息报警数据（资料）adj.sp. adjustable speed 可调速度 A/D REF A/D reference 交流/直流基准电 ADV . Advanced 提前的，超前的 AE absolute error 绝对误差AE, A.E. assistant engineer 轮机助理，助理工程师AE auxiliary engine 辅助发动机 AF anti-fouling 防污染的AF anti-fouling paint 防污油漆AF axial flow 轴向流动 AFB antifriction bearing 减摩轴承 AFCO automatic fuel cutoff 自动断油 AFM antifriction metal 减摩金属 AFT automatic frequency tuner 自动频率调谐器 AFT, A.F.T. automatic fine tuning 自动微调 AFTW afterward 后面的，后部的 AFWC automatic feed water control 自动给水控制 AGC automatic gain control 自动增益控制 agg. aggregate 机组，成套设备 AH access hole 人空，检查孔 AH, a.h. ampere-hour 安培小时 AHM, ahm ampere-hour meter 安培小时计 AHVC automatic high-voltage control 自动高压控制 AI all iron 全铁的 AIEE American Institute of Electrical Engineers 美国电气工程师协会 AIV air inlet valve 进气阀 AJ alloy junction 合金接头 AK adaptation kit 成套配合件 Al.B aluminum bronze 铝青铜 ALBC aluminium(BriE.) bronze casting 铸铝青铜 ALC aluminum(AmE) casting 铝铸件 alk. alkali(ne)碱（性的） Alni alloyed nicked steel 镍合金钢 Alnico alloyed nickel cobalt steel 镍钴合金钢 ALSI aluminum silicon 硅铝合金 AM amplitude modulation 调幅，幅度调制 am, a.m. ante meridian 上午 A.M. arithmetic mean 算术平均值 A.M.M.I. American Merchant Marine Institute 美国商船学会 A/M auto-manual 自动-手动，自动-人工 AMB arms bronze 兵器铝青铜 amp ampere 安（培） amp.hr ampere-hour 安(培小)时 amp.in amplifier input 放大器输入端 amt.out amplifier output 放大器输出端 amt. amount 总数，总量AMTEC automatic time element compensator 自动延时补偿器AN air natural cooled 自然空气冷却 ANACOM analog computer 模拟计算机 ANG angle bar 角铁，角材Ann Rep annual report 年(度)报(告) an wt actual net weight 实际净重 AO access opening 检修孔，人孔 ACO air oil cooler 空气油冷却器 A-oil aviation oil 航空滑油AOIV automatically operated inlet valve 自动操作进口阀AOP automatic operations panel 自动操作仪表板AOP automatic oil pump 辅助油泵AOV automatically operated valve 自动操纵阀AP access panel 观测台，观察板AP autopilot 自动舵（装置），自动导航（装置）AP atomic power 原子动力AP automatic programming 自动程序设计APC automatic program control 自动程序控制API,A.P.I. degree of American Petroleum Institute 美国石油协会（石油比重分级标准）度， API 度APP., app. appendix 附录appr. approximate 近似的APS accessory power supply 辅助电源 APS automatic phase shifter 自动移相器 A.P.S. automatic phase synchronization 自动相位同步（化）APU auxiliary power unit 辅助电源设备，辅助动力装置A-R assembly and repair 装配和修理 ARC automatic remote control 自动遥控，远距离自动控制arc/w arc weld 电弧焊arrang. arrangement 布置（图）ARTU automatic range tracing unit 自动跟踪装置 ARU automatic range unit 自动跟踪装置 art(s). article(s)项目，条款 AS annual survey 年度检验，岁修检验 AS automatic synchronizer 自动同步器 ASC automatic sensibility control 自动灵敏度控制 ASCU abort sensing control unit （紧急）故障传感控制装置 A.S.N.A. &M.E. American Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineer 美国造船和轮机工程 师学会 ASNE American Society of Naval Engineers 美国造船工程师学会 ASP automatic switching panel 自动开关板 ASPP alloy steel protective plating 合金钢保护电镀 ASR acceptance summary report 验收总结报告 ASRE American Society of Refrigeration Engineers 美国冷藏工程师协会 Ass. Association 协会，社，公司 asst. assistant 助理（人员） AST American standard thread 美国标准螺纹 ASTC automatic steam-temperature control 自动蒸汽温度控制 ASU automatic synchronizing unit 自动同步装置 ASV acceleration-switching valve 快速起闭阀 ASV angle stop valve 角阀 ASV automatic shuttle valve 自动（关闭）滑阀 AT acceptant test 验收试验 AT(S), at(s), a.t. ampere-turns 安(培)匝(数) at(m) atmosphere 大气压 ata. Atmospheric pressure, absolute 绝对大气压 ATC automatic temperature controller 自动温度控制器ATDC after top dead center 上死点后atg. atmospheric pressure, gauge 表压 a-tr auto-transformer 自耦变压器ATS absolute temperature scale 绝对温标att. attachment 附件，附属装置 AU automatic 自动的AU STA automatic start 自动起动AU STAF automatic start failure 自动起动失灵（故障）AU STO automatic stop 自动停车AU STOF automatic stop failure 自动停车失灵（故障）AUT Automation （法国船级社）机舱自动化（代号）AUTO automation 自动（化） aut(o) automatic 自动的aut-h/24 (联邦德国劳氏船级社)24小时无人机舱(代号)Automn automation 自动化AUTO P. automation priority 自动优先auto S&CV automatic stop and check valve 自动截止止回阀Aut-Z (联邦德国劳氏船级社)具有主机遥控和机舱集中控制的有人机舱（代号） aux. auxiliary 辅助的，备用的 AUXBO auxiliary boiler 辅助锅炉 A V air vent 空气出口a.v. acid value 酸值avg. average 平均值A VM automatic vehicle monitoring 船舶自动监控A VO, A.V .O. avometer 万用（电）表，安伏欧计 AW auxiliary winding 辅助绕组AWM arc welding machine 电焊机，电弧焊机AWP. awaiting parts 维修用备件awp actual working pressure 实际工作压力ax. axis 轴，轴线B B, b breadth 宽度 Bbulk modulus 体积弹性模量 BA breathing apparatus 呼吸装置BA bridging amplifier桥式放大器Ba(t) battery蓄电池BA bronze alloy青铜合金BA buffer amplifier缓冲放大器Bab., bab babbit metal巴比特合金，巴氏合金B&MS boiler and machineries surveyed锅炉和机械设备检验完毕B&S bell and spigot套接，套筒接头，钟口接头B&W Babcock Wilcox(英国产小组联箱式锅炉)公司名B&W Burmeister and Wain(丹麦产直流扫气柴油机)公司名BALL. ballast压载BAohm British Association ohm英制欧姆（=0.9866国际欧姆单位）Bar barrel桶(石油产品量桶)bar.pr. barometric pressure大气压Bb, Bb. babbit metal巴氏合金BB ball bearing滚珠轴承BBC Brown-Boveri company(生产燃气轮机和涡轮增压器的)布朗—鲍威利公司BBC before bottom center在下死点前BBZ bearing bronze轴承青铜BC bronze casting青铜铸件BC British Corporation Register英国船级社BC between centers中心（间）距B.C. Before Christ公元前B.C. board of control控制板BCD base circle diameter基园直径BCKUP FUSE back-up fuse保险丝BD Switch board配电盘，配电板BDC, B.D.C. bottom dead center下死点BDP bottom dead point下死点BDV breakdown voltage击穿电压BF back-feed反馈BF boiler feed锅炉给水BFP boiler feed pump锅炉给水泵BH Brinell hardness布氏硬度B/head bulk head传感头BHN, Bhn Brinell hardness number布氏硬度数BHNO Brinell hardness number布氏硬度数BHP, B.H.P., bhp, b,h.p. brake horse power制动马力BHPh brake-howse-power per hour制动马力/小时BHP,Bhp British horse-power英制马力BJ ball joint球接，球绞结头BJ brass jacket黄铜套BL barrel桶（石油产品量桶）B/lash back lash齿隙B/L bill of lading提（货）单bltn bulletin（航务）公告，布告，公报BM brake (electro)magnet制动电磁铁BM buffer module缓冲件Bm babbit metal巴氏合金BMEP brake mean effective power平均制动有效马力bmp brake mean power平均制动马力BO, B.O., b.o. back order暂时无法满足的定货BO, B.O., bo, b.o. branch office分公司BOT Board of Trade Unit(英国商用)电能单位(=1千瓦小时)BP blueprint蓝图BP, b.p. boiling point沸点BP back pressure反压力，背压BP barometric pressure大气压BP below proof不合格，废品BP boiler plant锅炉装置BP boiler pressure锅炉气压BP British Petroleum Company英国石油公司BPV back pressure valve背压阀BR boiler(system)锅炉（系统）BR, Br bridge驾驶台，桥楼B.R. book of reference参考书，手册BRG bearing轴承Brl barrel桶（石油产品量桶）BRT brutto register tonne总登记吨BS boiler surveyed锅炉检验完毕BS button switch按钮开关B/S bill of store船上用品免税单BsF brass forging黄铜锻件BSFT British standard fine thread英国标准细牙螺纹Bt British thermal unit 英国热量单位 BTDC before top dead center 在上死点前 BThE brake thermal efficiency 制动热效率 BThU British thermal unit 英国热量单位（=252卡） BTU, B.T.U., btu, b.t.u. British thermal unit 英国热量单位 BV ball valve 球阀 BV breakdown voltage 击穿电压 BV, B.V. Bureau of Veritas 法国船级社 B.V .U. British viscosity unit 英国粘度单位 BW(ELL) bilge well （舱底）污水井 BWV back-water valve 回水阀 BZ bronze 青铜 BZ buzzer 蜂鸣器 C C, c(ap) capacity 电容 C Celsius scale 摄氏温度 C(ent), c centigrade 百分度的 Ca air-cooled 空冷的 CA compressed air 压缩空气 CAD contract award date 合同签订日期 Cal kilocalorie 大卡，千卡 cal calorie 卡 cal val calorific value 热值，发热量 CAMS computer assisted measurement system 计算机辅助测量系统 CAPT. Captain 船长 CAS cast alloy steel 铸造合金钢 CAS NUT castle nut 蝶形螺帽，槽顶螺母 CA T computer aided test 计算机辅助测试 Cat., cat. catalogue 目录，产品目录 CB crew boat （船员）交通艇 CB cast brass 铸黄铜 CB circuit breaker 线路断路器 CB contact breaker 接触断路器 CB control board 控制盘，操纵盘 CB control button 控制按钮 CBr cast brass 黄铜铸件 CB(T), C.B.(T.) clean ballast (tanks)清洁压载（舱）CCclosed circuit 闭合回路 CCcontrol console 控制台，操纵台 CCcombustion chamber 燃烧室 cccontinuous cooling 连续冷却 CCCcentral control console 中央控制台 CCEcommand control equipment 指令控制装置CCITchilled cast iron 冷铸生铁 CCM, cc(m)cubic centimeter 立方厘米，cm 3 CCRcentral control room 集中控制室 CCScast carbon steel 铸造碳素钢 CCTcomplex coordination test 全套设备协调试验CCUcentral control unit 集中控制装置 CCWcounter-clockwise 反时针方向 CDclassification of defects 故障类别 CDcoefficient of drag 阻力系数 C/Dcertificate of delivery 交货证明书 CDTcold drawn tube 冷拔管 C.E., C/EChief Engineer 轮机长，总工程师 CERC, C.E.R.C.centralized engine room control 机舱集中控制CF, cfcubic feet per hour 立方英尺/小时 CFconversion factor 换算系数，转换系数CFcontrol facility 控制装置 cfh, c.f.h.cubic feet per hour 立方英尺/小时 CGcenter of gravity 重心 CGScentimeter-gram-second system 厘米-可-秒制CHcase hardening 表面硬化 CHANN.channel 通道 ChEChief Engineer 轮机长，总工程师 C/Hndcase-hardened 表面硬化的，渗碳的 CHREcheck and read 校验和读出 CHTcylinder head temperature 气缸盖温度CIcast iron 铸铁 CIcontract item 合同项目 CIcontrolled item 控制项目 CIcut-in 接通 CIAcast iron alloy 合金铸铁 CIPcast-iron pipe 铸铁管 cir bkrcircuit breaker 断路器CIRC circulating 循环 CIS Chinese Industrial Standard 中国工业指标 CJ, c.j. cold junction 冷接点 cj copper jacket 铜套，铜水套 CK check 检验，检查，核对，制止，制动装置 ckt bkr circuit breaker 断路器，（油路）开关 CL, C.L. center line 中心线 CL crane load 起重机负荷，起货机负荷 Cl class 级，船级 cldwn cool down 冷却，退火 CLR current-limiting resistor 限流电阻，cooler 冷却器 CM chrome molybdenum 铬钼合金 cm centimeter 厘米 CM control motor 控制电机 C/M certificate of manufacturer 制造厂证明书 CMP corrugated metal pipe 金属波纹管 CMR, C.M.R., cmr, c.m.r. continuous maximum rating 持续最大功率 CMU control monitor unit 监控装置 C.N. cetane number 十六烷值 CNJ copper-nickel jacket 铜镍合金套 CO, C.O. closed-open 关—开，合—断，启—闭 CO cut-out 切断，关闭 CO change-over 转换（开关） Co, c.o. company 公司 C.O. crude oil 原油 coef. coefficient 系数 Co Ltd company Limited （股份）有限公司 COLTK collecting tank 集油柜 COMP. computer 计算机 COMP(R) compressor 压缩机，空压机 COMPA compressed air 压缩空气 COMP FALL computer fail 计算机故障 comp.m compound motor 复激电机 comp.p compressed pressure 压缩压力 COND condensate 冷凝液 CONF connection failure 合闸故障，合闸失灵CONN connected 连接的Const, const. constant 常数const-sp constant speed 恒速CONTR. control 控制，操纵contr. contract 合同，契约COOLW cooling water 冷却水Corp. corporation 公司COSCO China Ocean Shipping Company 中国远洋运输公司COST contaminated oil setting tank 污油沉淀柜COV check-out valve 止回阀 COV cutout valve 截止阀COW crude oil washing 原油洗舱 CP control point 控制点CP constant pressure 恒压CP, c.p. controllable pitch 可调螺距 C/P control panel 控制板CPF complete power failure 发动机完全停车，供电完全停止CPP, c.p.p. controllable pitch propeller 可调螺距螺旋桨CPS, c.p.s., c/s cycle per second 每秒周数，周/秒CR compression ratio 压缩比 CRE corrosion resistant 抗腐蚀剂CRES corrosion resistant steel 耐蚀钢，不锈钢CRM count(ing) rate meter 计数表 CROSSH cross head 十字头CRS, crs corrosion resistant steel 耐蚀钢crs cross-setion 横截面CrV chrome vanadium 铬钒钢 CS carbon steel 碳钢CS cast steel 铸钢CS common steel 普通钢CS control signal 控制信号 CS control switch 控制开关 CS crank shaft 曲轴CS cross section 横截面CS current source 电源CS current strength 电流强度 C/S case goods 箱装货CSP cast steel plate铸钢板cs(t) centistoke厘斯，厘沲CSEU Confederation of Shipbuilding and Engineering Unions（英国）造船和轮机工程师联合会C.S.R. continuous serving rating持续使用功率CT constant temperature恒温ct. circuit电路，线路，回路ct. current电流CTC centralized control集中控制CTE coefficient of thermal expansion热膨胀系数C to C center to center中心间距C.T.C. test controlled thermal cracking test可控热裂试验CTU centigrade thermal unit摄氏热量单位（454卡）CU closed-up闭合，接通，闭路cu. Cubic立方的，立方体的CU close-up(piezoelectric)crystal unit 压电晶体cu. cm cubic centimeter(s)立方厘米cu. ft cubic foot(feet)立方英尺cu. in cubic inch(es)立方英寸CU NI copper nickel alloy铜镍合金Cur., curt. current电流CUP copper plate铜板Cus. Ho Customs House海关CV check valve止回阀C.V. calorific valve发热值CV constant velocity恒速CW cold worked冷加工的CW cooling water冷却水CW. cw copper weld铜焊CWC chilled water circuit冷却水回路CWS chilled water supply冷却水供应cy cylinder(气)缸cyl. cylinder(气)缸CYL.O. cylinder (lubricating)oil气缸（润滑）油CYL TOL cylindricity tolerance圆柱度公差DD dead-weight载重量D, d diameter直径D, d. displacement排水量，位移，（气缸）工作容积，（泵）排量d depth深度d, deg degree度d ditto相同，同样，同上D.A. depth (draft)average平均吃水D/A documents attached附(属文)件d.a. direct-acting直接作用的d.a. double-acting双作用的，双动的DAG direct-acting gear直接传动齿轮DALT diesel alternator柴油发电机DB., db decibel分贝DB distribution box配电箱，分电箱dbl-act double acting双作用的DBOTT double bottom双层底DB switch double break switch双断开关dbm decibel meter分贝计DBS donkey boiler surveyed辅助锅炉检验完毕DC, DC., dc dead center死点DC, D.C., dc, d.c., D/C, D-C, d-c direct current直流电(流)DC drag coefficient阻力系数D/C drawing change图纸更改dc double-cylinder双缸的DCG direct current generator直流发电机DCI ductile cast iron球墨铸铁DCM direct current main直流电源DCOF disconnection failure脱闸失灵，脱闸故障DCP direct current panel直流配电板DCV direction control valve方向控制阀DD, dd dry dock干船坞DE diesel-electric柴油机电力传动的DE display equipment显示设备DEC, D.E.C. distant electric control远距离电力控制，电力遥控dely. delivery交付，产量，排量den. density密度，（场）强Dept., dept department 部门，车间 dred diesel electrical reduction drive 柴油机电动减速传动 Desig. designation 名称，牌号 DET., det. detail(s)详图，零件图，零件，明细 dev. Device 装置，设备，仪表，器械 DEVIA deviation 偏差 DF decontamination facility 净化设备 DF decontamination factor 净化系数 Df drive fit 紧配合，推入配合 Dft, drt draft 吃水，通风 DG , D.G ., dg degaussing 消磁，去磁，退磁 DG diesel generator 柴油发电机 DG , dg double gear 二级齿轮（传动装置） D.GEN. diesel(engine)generator 柴油发电机 DH drain hole 泄水孔，放泄孔 d.h.g. double helical gear 人字齿轮 DHP designed horse-power 设计马力 Dia. dia. diameter 直径 DIFF.VOLT differential voltage 电压差，主开关端电压 DIM, dim dimension 尺寸，尺度，因次，量纲，维，度 dis(ch) discharge 流量，排量，放电 DISCON disconnected 脱离，脱开，脱闸 displ. Displacement 排水量，位移，（气缸）工作容积，（泵）排量 dist. distilled 蒸馏(过)的 dkyd dockyard 船厂 DL dead load 固定负载，载重量 DM depth molded 型深 dm decimeter 分米 d mld depth molded 型深 DNV Det Norske Veritas 挪威船级社 DO, D.O. diesel oil 柴油 do ditto 同样，同上，相同 doc. document 文件，证明 DOD date on dock 进坞日期 doz dozen （一）打 DP damp proofing 防潮的 DP dash pot(relay)减震器，（继电器）阻尼延滞器 DP dead point 死点 DP difference of potential 电位差dp differential pressure 压差，压力差 DPDT double-pole double-throw 双刀双掷（开关）DPH diamond penetrator hardness 维氏金刚硬度DPH diamond pyramid number 维氏金刚石硬度DPN diamond pyramid number 维氏硬度值dpst double-pole single-throw 双刀单掷（开关）DR differential relay 差动继电器DR double reduction (gear)双级减速（齿轮装置）dr. draft 吃水，通风drg. drawing 图drg, d.r.g. double reduction gear 二级减速齿轮dsgn design 设计，计划d. spec. design specification 计划任务书 DS Ducol high tensile steel 含锰高强度钢DSB distribution switch board 配电盘，分电板DSBV double-seated ball valve 双座球阀 DSCH discharge 排出(物)DSRK Deutsche Schiffs Revision und Klassifikation 德意志民主共和国船舶登记局 DT double-thread 双头螺纹 DT dust-tight 防尘的，尘密的 DTS double-throw switch 双掷开关 DTSW double throw switch 双掷开关 DU duty cycle 工作循环dup. duplicate 复制品，副本，配件，可互换元件dur. duration 持续时间，历时DVM digital voltmeter 数字式电压表 DW distilled water 蒸馏水DW, D.W., dw, d.w. deadweight 载重DWC deadweight capacity （总）载重吨位dwg drawing 图DWL designed water line 设计水线DWT, dwt deadweight tonnage载重吨位DY, D.Y., Dy(dy), d.y. dock yard（修造）船厂dz dozen（一）打EE modulus of elasticity弹性模数E, e electric tension电压E(a) earth大地，地线，接地E second class ship (Lloyd)劳氏船级社标准的二级船°E Engler degree恩氏（粘度计）度″E Engler seconds恩氏（粘度计）秒（数）e eccentricity偏心距，偏心率error误差，偏差EA Electrical Artificer电工EAC electric arrangement certificate电器装置证书E&CN engine and crew navigation试航E&SP equipment and spare parts设备与备件E&ST employment and suitability test适用性试验E&ST evaluation and service test鉴定及使用试验EC enamel-covered wire漆包线EC error correcting误差校正EC earth current接地电流ECC engine-room control center机舱控制中心ECL equipment component list设备零件明细表E.C.R. engine control room机控室ESC engine control system发动机控制系统，发动机调节系统ED error detecting误差检测EDC estimated date of completion预计完工日期EE, E.E. Electrical Engineer电机员，电气工程师，电机工程师ee errors excepted允许误差EF emergency facilities应急设备eff. efficiency效率Eff. O efficiency overall总效率e.g. exempli gratia例如EHC electro hydraulic control电液控制EHP, E.H.P., e.h.p. effective horse-power有效马力EHP, e.h.p. electric horse-power电动马力EHPH electric horse-power hour(电动)马力-小时EHT extra high tension超高压EHV extra-high voltage超高压EI equipment incomplete设备不完整EL elastic limit弹性极限EL electric system电力系统Elec., elec. electric电的electrn electrician电工EMD electric motor driven电机驱动的EMERG. emergency紧急，应急EMF, emf electromotive force电动势emg emergency紧急情况，事故，应急，备用EMP effective mean pressure平均有效压力EMP electromechanical power电(力)机(械)功率EM. power emergency power应急电源EmS emergency switch应急开关ENG. engine发动机eng rm engine room机舱engr engineer轮机员，工程师Entr. entrance入口，进口EO engine oil(发动)机(润滑)油EO engine room zero people（挪威船级社）无人机舱（代号）EOE, E.&O.E. errors and omissions excepted容许差错EOT end of test试验结束EOV electrically operated valve电动阀EP electro-pneumatic电动-气动的EP electrical propulsion电力推动的e.p. end point终点，端点EP extreme pressure极限压力E.P.L. equipment performance log设备性能表EPR engine pressure ratio发动机压(力)比ESP electric power storage 蓄电池 ESP emergency power supply 应急电源，应急动力源 EPV electro-pneumatic valve 电力气动阀 equip. equipment 设备，壮志，器械，仪器，用具 equiv. Equivalent 等家，等值，当量 ER engineering report 工程报告 ER, E.R. engine room 机舱 Eq., eq. equation 方程(式) e.r. earth return 接地回线，地回线 e.r. evaporation rate 蒸发率 ERL erosion resistant lacquer 防腐漆 ERS equipment requirementspecification 设备要求规格es, e.s. earth switch 接地开关ESB emergency switchboard 应急配电板，备用配电板 ESD extra super duralumin (alloy)超硬铝合金 ESHP estimated shaft horse-power 估算轴马力 ESHP effective summed horse-power 总有效马力 ESSEN essential 主要的，最重要的 est.wt estimated weight 估算重量 E.T.A. estimated time of arrival 估计到达时间 E.T.A. estimated time of completion 估计完工时间 etc. et cetera (and so forth)<法>等等 ETE engineering rest evaluation 工程试验鉴定 ETF engine test facility 发动机试验设备ETP engine test panel 发动机试验操纵台 ETS engine test stand 发动机试验台 et seq. et sequentia 及以下等等 evap. evaporation 蒸发，汽化 EX., ex. example 实例，样品，标本 EX exhaust 排气，废气，排出 ex. excess 过剩，余数 exam. examine 检查，检验，试验，核实EXBOI exhaust boiler 废气锅炉 exdexamined 检查过的，检验过的，检定过的 EXH, EXH. exhaust 排气，废气，排出 EXH.G(as) exhaust gas 排气，废气 EXHSTexhaust 排气，废气，排出 EXHST RECVR exhaust receiver 排气总管 EXH.V exhaust valve 排气阀 exp.experiment 实验，试验 EXP. expansion 膨胀 EXP tank expansion tank 膨胀柜，膨胀水箱 EXPTK expansion tank 膨胀柜，膨胀水箱 EXT extinguisher 灭火器 ext.external 外部的，外来的 F FFahrenheit 华氏温标 Fflow 流，流量 F, ffoot(feet)英尺 fcoefficient of friction 摩擦系数 ffrequency 频率 Fdegree of Fahrenheit 华氏(温)度数 FAforced air-cooled 强制（循环）空气冷却 F/Afuel-air ratio 燃料—空气比 Falsfatigue alternating stress 疲劳交变应力 FAQ free at quay 码头交货(价格) FAS free alongside ship 船边交货(价格) FATfinal acceptance trials 最后交接试验(试航) FAT, STR fatigue strength 疲劳强度 FB front bearing 前轴承 f.b.p. fixed blade(d) propeller 固定桨叶螺旋桨 F.BRG fore bearing 前端轴承，前部轴承 FCferro cast 铸铁 FCfield coil 励磁线圈 FCflow controller 流量控制器 F.C.fire control 点火控制 FCfloating crane 浮吊，起重的 F/C valve feed and check valve 给水止回阀 FCCfacility control console 设备控制台FCS fire control system点火控制系统FCS forged carbon steel锻造碳钢FCU fuel control unit燃油调节装置FD floating dock浮船坞FD flame detector火焰探测器FD, F.D., f.d. forced draft强力通风FDB forced draft blower强力通风机FDF forced draught fan送风机F/d valve fill and drain valve注入与泄放阀FDW feed water（锅炉）给水FE fire extinguisher灭火器FEEDW feed water（锅炉）给水FER Final Engineering Report最终工程报告FF fire-fighting消防(的)，灭火(的) FF fuel flow燃油流量FFB fluid film bearing液膜轴承FFO furnace fuel oil锅炉燃油FH flat head screw平头螺丝FH fire hose消防水龙带FHP, fhp frictional horse-power摩擦(消耗)马力F. Hy fire hydrant消防栓，消防龙头FI flow indicator流量指示器，液流指示器FIG., fig figure图，数字FILTR filter滤器FIREX fire extinguisher灭火器FL forced lubrication压力润滑FL, F/L full load全负荷，满载fl.pt, fl pt flash point闪点FLR flow rate流量FLT fault-locating test故障定位测试FLU fault location unit故障探测装置FM field magnet磁极，场磁铁FM fire main消防总管FM, f.m frequency modulation频率调治，调频fn foot-note附注，注脚FNP, fnp, fn.pt fusion point熔点FO, F.O., F/O, f.o. fuel oil燃料油FOB free on board船上交货价foll. following下列的，后面的FORW forward前面的，前部的FOS factor of safety安全系数FP feeding panel馈电板FP filling pipe注入管FP, F.P., f.p. fire plug消防栓，消防龙头FP, fp, f.p. freezing point冰点，凝固点fp fire proof防火的，耐火的fp feed pump给水泵，供油泵FP fuel oil purifier燃油分油机f.p. fusible plug易熔塞，保险丝插座FPA fire protection additional special apparatus消防特别附加设备FPA fire protection apparatus消防设备fpm, f.p.m., f/m feet per minute英尺/分FPP fixed pitch propeller定螺距螺旋桨FPS, F.P.S. foot-pound-second (unit)英尺，磅，秒（单位制）fps, f.p.s., f/s feet per second英尺/秒FPU fuel purification unit燃油净化设备FR field rheostat励磁变阻器FR frequency response频率响应F/R fuel remained燃油储备量，剩余燃料FREQ frequency频率FRES fire resistant耐火的FRM fire roon锅炉间FRM frequency meter频率计Frs, frs frames肋骨，框架，机架FRZ freezing冷冻，冻结FS, F.S., f/s factor of safety安全系数FS field switch励磁开关FS fire switch起动开关，点火开关FS forged steel锻钢FSM foam smothering system in machinery space机舱泡沫灭火系统FST forged steel锻钢FT fume-tight烟密的，不漏烟的ft foot英尺ft-lb foot-pound英尺、磅FTV foot valve底阀FUEL CWPP fuel (valve) cooling water pump油头冷却水泵FUNC.TEST function test功能试验furn. furnished已装备的FV flush valve冲洗阀FV fuel valve 燃油阀，油头 FW, F.W. fresh water 淡水 FW, F.W. feed water 给水 F.W.GEN fresh water generator 造水机，淡水装置 F.W. full weight 全重 FWP filament wound glass reinforced plastics 长纤维缠绕玻璃钢 fxd fixed 固定的 fz fuze(=fuse)保险丝，熔断器 G G , g. gauge(仪)表, 梁贵，量计，标准尺寸，标准规格 G ., g. generator 发电机，发生器，发送器 G ship classed in Germanischer Lloyd 入联邦德国劳氏船级社的 g acceleration of gravity 重力加速度 g(s) gauss 高斯 g gram 克 GA, g.a. general arrangement 总图，总布置图，安装图 GA General Assembly 总装配 GA general average 平均值 g.a.d. general assembly drawing 总装配图 Gal, gal gallon 加仑 galv. galvanized 电镀的，镀锌铁 galv. I galvanized iron 白铁，镀锌铁 GB gear box 齿轮箱 GC gas compressor 压气机 GCI gray cast iron 灰铸铁 GCT general classification test 普通入级检验 Gd ground 大地，接地，地线 GE gasoline engine 汽油机 GE(C) General Electric Co 通用电气公司（美） GEN, gen generator 发电机，发生器，发送器 genl general 总的，一般的，通用的 GI galvanized iron 镀锌铁（皮），白铁（皮） GIB galvanized iron bolt 镀锌铁螺栓GL, G .L. German(ischer) Lloyd 联邦德国劳氏船级社16/24, 8/24GL (联邦德国劳氏船级社)24小时内16小时无人值班，8小时无人值班的定期无 人机舱(代号)g.l. ground lamp 接地指示灯 g/l gram per liter 克/升GLV globe valve 球阀gm gram 克GM gram 克gmbl gimbals 万向接头GMET gun metal 炮铜，锡锌黄铜GMI galvanized malleable iron 镀锌可锻铸铁GMS gas smothering system inmachinery space 机舱（惰性）气体灭火系统 GMT Greenwich mean time 格林威治标准时间GOR general operational requirement 一般使用要求gp gauge pressure 表压力，计示压力 gph, g.p.h. gallons per hour 每小时加仑数，加伦/时gpm, g.p.m. gallons per minute 每分钟加仑数，加伦/分GR, g.r. gear ratio 传动比，齿速比 Gr grade 等级，度，品级gr. gross 总的，毛的，连包装的 GRP glass reinforced plastics 玻璃纤维增强塑料，玻璃钢Grs grease 润滑脂，牛油GRT, G .R.T., grt, g.r.t. gross registered tonnage 总登记吨位gr.wt gross weight 总重，毛重 Gs galvanized steel 镀锌铁皮，白铁皮 GS, G .S. general service 一般用途，通用 GSH gas smothering system in cargo hold 货舱（惰性）气体灭火系统GSIL German Silver 锌白铜，德国银 gskt gasket 衬垫，垫圈，垫片 GSV globe stop valve 球阀芯截止阀 GT gas tight 不漏气的，气密的 GT gas turbine 燃气轮机GT gross ton 长吨(1.016公吨)，英吨，（船）总吨位GT, G .T., G/T, g.t.gross tonnage 总吨位 GTV , gt.vgate valve 闸板阀，闸阀 GUgeneral use 一般用途，通用 GW, G .W.gross weight 总重，毛重 GWT gross weight 总重 gyrogyroscope 陀螺仪 H Hhead 压头，水头 H, hhead content 焓 H(r), h(r)hour 小时 hheight 高度 H&Gharden and grind 硬化与研磨 H&Thandling and transportation 装卸与运输H&Tharden and tempered 淬火与回火 HBhigh boiler 高压锅炉 HB, Hb, HBr.Brinell hardness 布氏硬度 h/boneherring-bone 人字形，人字形的 HChand control 手(动)控(制) HCheating coil 加热盘管，加热线圈 HC, HCShigh carbon steel 高碳钢 HChydraulic cylinder 液压缸 HCVhigh calorific value 高压热值 HD, hdhard-drawn 冷拉的 HDheavy duty 重型(的)，重负载(的)，大功率(的)HDheavy duty lubricating 高温高压用润滑(油)H.D.O.heavy duty oil 重油 HEheat engine 热机 HEheat exchanger 热交换器，换热器 HFhigh frequency 高频 hfhalf 一半，二分之一 HFheavy fuel oil 重(质燃)油 HFO, H.F.O.heavy fuel oil 重(质燃)油 Hghydrargyrum (mercury)水印，汞 hghelical gear 斜齿轮 HHV , hhvhigh heating value 高发热值 Hi-Qhigh quality 高质量 hi-Thigh torque 高转矩，高扭矩 hi-volthigh voltage 高(电)压 HOFR, H.O.F.R. heat-resisting, oil-resisting and flame-re-tarding 耐热，耐油，耐火的 HP hand pump 手动泵，手摇泵 HP, H.P. hp, h.p. high pressure 高压 HP horizontal plane 水平面 HP, H.P., hp, h.p. horse power 马力HPBFP high-pressure boiler-feed pump 高压锅炉给水泵 hp-hr horse-power-hour 马力·小时 HPN, HPNom horse-power-nominal 公称马力，标准马力 HPT high pressure turbine 高压涡轮机 HPU hydraulic pumping unit 液压泵装置 HQ high quality 高质量 HR heat resistant 耐热的 HR Hellenic Register of Shipping 希腊船级社 HR, Hr. HRc Rockwell hardness 洛氏硬度 HRB heat recover boiler 回热锅炉，废热（废气）锅炉 Hr. off. harbor office 港务局 HRSG heat recovery steam generator 回热蒸汽锅炉 HS heating surface 加热表面 HS high speed 高速 HS, HSS high speed steel 高速钢 Hs Shore scleroscope hardness 肖氏(回跳)硬度 HSLA high-strength low-alloy(steel)高强度低合金钢 HT high temperature 高温 HT heat treatment 热处理 HTC heat transfer coefficient 传热系数 htr heat treatment 热处理 HV Vickers hardness 维氏硬度 h.w.m. high water mark 高水位标志(线) hyd. hydraulic 水力的，液压的 HYDR. hydraulic 水力的，液压的 Hz, hz hertz 赫兹 I I, i electric current 电流(代号)I inertia 惯性，惯量 I moment of inertia 惯性矩，转动惯性 I ship classed in Registro Italiano 入意大利船级社的船 IA input axial 输入轴 I&C inspection and checkout 检查与测试 I&C installation and checkout 安装与测试 IACS International Association of Classification Society 国际船级社联合会 IAQ (意大利船级社)无人机舱(代号) ib, ibid. ibidem(书刊，文献等出处)在同处 IC, I.C. index correction(仪表)刻度(误差)校正 IC inductance-capacitance 电感量—电容量 IC integrated circuit 集成电路 ic iron core 铁芯 ICE, I.C.E., ice, i.c.e. internal combustion engine 内燃机 ICR inductance-capacitance-resistance 电感—电容—电阻 ICS International Chamber of Shipping 国际海运协会 ICSLS, I.C.S.L.S. International Conference on Safety of Life at Sea 国际海上人命安全会议 ID, I.D., i.d. induced draft 诱导通风，抽风通风 ID inside diameter 内径 ID installation drawing 安装图 id. Idem 同前，同上，同作者 IDF induced draught fan 抽风机 IE index error 指标（指数）误差，仪表误差 i.e. id est 即，就是，换言之 IET initial engine test 发动机初期试验 IF intermediate frequency 中频 ig involute gear 渐开线齿轮 ign. ignition 点火，发火，引燃 IGS inert gas system 惰性气体系统 IHP, I.H.P., ihp, i.h.p. indicated horse-power 指示马力 ihp-hr indicated horse-power-hour 指示马力小时IIR International Institute of Refrigeration 国际制冷协会IM induction motor 感应电机I. Mar E. Institute of Marine Engineers 轮机工程师协会IMC, I.M.C. International Marine Committee 国际海事委员会IMCO, I.M.C.O. International Marine Consultative Organization 政府间海事协商组织，国际海协IME Institute of Marine Engineers 轮机工程师学会（英）I.M.E.I. Institute of Marine Engineers Incorporated 轮机工程师学会联合会IMEP, imep, i.m.e.p. indicated mean effective pressure 平均指示有效压力IMH inlet manhole 人孔入口IMO International Marine Organization 国际海事组织in inch 英寸INC inlet close 进气阀关inc. inclusive 包括在内inc. incorporated 有限责任公司 INCIN incinerator 焚烧炉，焚化炉 incl. including 包括……ind. index 索引，指标，指数，刻度 in. ex in extenso 全部in Hg inches of mercury 英寸汞柱 in H 2O inches of water 英寸水柱 INO inlet open 进气阀开insp. inspector 检验员，验传师，检验器 inst instrument 仪器，测量仪表，工具，用具inst(l). installation 装备，设备INST CTL instrumentation control (racks)仪表控制（台）Inst. Mar. E Institute of Marine Engineers 轮机工程师学会（英）Instr. Instruction 指令，说明，说明书 INT. internal 内部的int. al inter alia 尤其INTERPET International Petroleum Company 国际石油公司INTSH intermediate shaft 中间轴。

报告的单词单词：report1.1词性：名词、动词1.2释义：作为名词时表示报告、报道；作为动词时表示汇报、报告（某事）。

1.3英文释义：As a noun, it means an account given of a particular matter, especially in the form of an official document or news article. As a verb, it means to give an account of something.1.4相关词汇：同义词有account、statement（名词）；inform（动词）。

2.1词源：源于古法语“reporter”，最初来自拉丁语“reportare”，意思是“带回、拿回来”，后来引申为汇报、报告等意思。

2.2趣闻：在新闻行业，记者们争分夺秒地撰写report，很多重大事件的第一手report往往会引起全球关注，例如阿波罗登月计划，记者们在第一时间撰写的报道让全世界的人都能及时了解这一伟大壮举。

3.1短语：（1）report card：成绩单例句：My son got his report card today and he did very well in math.翻译：我儿子今天拿到了成绩单，他数学考得很好。

（2）weather report：天气预报例句：The weather report says it will be sunny tomorrow.翻译：天气预报说明天是晴天。

（3）news report：新闻报道例句：The news report about the earthquake shocked everyone.翻译：关于地震的新闻报道让所有人都很震惊。

4.1 “I have to write a report for my boss by the end of this week. It's about the progress of our project. I need to collect all the data first.”翻译：“我这个周末之前得给老板写一份报告，是关于我们项目进展的。

APR：Annual Products Review年度产品回顾，也就是年度产品质量回顾，年度质量回顾。

MBPR：主批生产记录（ main Batch Process Record）。

API：活性药物成分OOS：超标检验结果偏差（out of specification）。

OOS属于偏差范畴，但是与偏差有所区别。

超标结果：（Out-of-specificaion）检验结果超出法定标准及企业制定标准的所有情形。

OOT：异常趋势OOT = Out Of Trends超常测试结果，是指检验结果虽然符合标准规定，但是明显偏离了历史检测结果SOP：标准操作程序Standard Operation Procedure三个单词中首字母的大写，即标准作业程序，就是将某一事件的标准操作步骤和要求以统一的格式描述出来，用来指导和规范日常的工作。

CAPA：纠正与预防措施制定纠正措施与预防措施（Corrective Action & Preventive Action，以下简称CAPA）的程序的目的是为制药行业规范（潜在）不符合的处理行为；使药品生产符合法规、行业标准规定；同时降低产品缺陷率及偏差发生的几率，以实现质量保证体系的持续改进LCL: 控制下限Low control limitUCL: 控制上限Up control limitCPK: 工序能力指数“Process Capability Index”NLT:No Less Than 不得低于NMT:No More than 不得高于控制限 Control limit 是指在对分析测试实施质量控制程序时所规定的控制范围。

在环境监测中，一般规定全部测试结果的99.7%落入的范围为质量控制范围，即控制限。

设全部测试结果的平均值为x，标准偏差为S，则按统计学计算，控制限为x+/-3S。

若所控制的质控样品的一个分析结果落在控制限之外，则表示这批分析结果失控。

过程能力指数 Process capability index一般记为CP是指过程能力满足产品质量标准要求（规格范围等）的程度。