EN581for chair

吊椅办理CE认证标准：EN581吊椅属于休闲家具，手工编制而成的藤艺吊椅，造型典雅大方、风格独特别致、款式新颖多样、坚固结实耐用，既有欧洲的高贵古典式、也有北美的休闲浪漫式、又有东方古朴庄重式，款款风格充满了艺术气息和文化品位，还给人一种返璞归真的享受。

EN581测试范围：办公家具：办公椅，会客椅，会议桌等露营家具：沙滩椅，沙滩桌，折叠桌椅等花园家具：花园扶手椅，花园桌，藤椅，秋千椅等儿童家具：高脚椅、婴儿椅等厨房家具：折叠桌，折叠椅等其他家具：酒吧椅、酒吧圆桌等EN 581-1：2006户外家具-露营，家用和合同用座椅和桌子-一般安全要求和EN 581-3：2007户外家具-露营，家用和合同用座椅和桌子-机械安全要求和试验方法表格正在更新中。

这些标准决定了露营，家庭和合同使用的座椅和桌子的尺寸，安全性，稳定性，强度和耐用性：EN 581-1：2017户外家具-露营，家用和合同用座椅和桌子-第1部分：一般安全要求欧洲标准的这一部分规定了户外座椅和露营家用和合同使用的一般安全要求。

可拆卸室内装潢，覆盖物，永久固定家具除外。

EN 581-2：2015户外家具-露营，家用和合同用座椅和桌子-第2部分：座椅的机械安全要求和试验方法EN 581的这一部分规定了露营户外座椅的机械安全要求和试验方法，成人的国内和合同使用，不考虑材料，设计/构造或制造过程。

本文件不适用于严重合同使用的户外家具，可能需要更高的要求，也不适用于可拆卸的室内装潢和覆盖物，永久固定的家具和街道设施。

本欧洲标准中包含的测试要求基于重量不超过110千克的人员使用。

没有包括由光，温度和湿度引起的老化和退化的信息。

EN 581-3：2017户外家具-露营，家用和合同用座椅和桌子-第3部分：桌子的机械安全要求和试验方法本欧洲标准规定了成人露营用户外桌子的机械安全要求和试验方法，国内和合同使用，不考虑材料，设计/施工或制造过程。

该标准不包括在其结构中使用玻璃的桌子。

EN 581是欧洲对户外家具进行测试和评估的一套标准，其适用范围主要涉及露营类、花园类、公共场合类等户外家具。

该标准旨在保证户外家具的质量和安全性能，以满足欧洲市场的需求。

EN 581标准主要涉及以下方面：
1. 物理性能：标准规定了户外家具的耐久性、稳定性和承重能力等物理性能的要求。

2. 材料检测：标准要求测试家具所使用的材料的耐候性、耐磨性等特性。

3. 安全性能：标准关注家具的安全性能，包括防倾覆性、边角保护措施等。

对于不同类型的户外家具，EN 581标准还规定了一些特定的测试和评估方法。

需要注意的是，此标准主要适用于成人家具，儿童家具建议参照相应的玩具标准或仅参照测试方法进行评估。

另外，一些永久固定的室外家具、高使用要求的室外公共场合家具、路边家具等可能不适用于此标准。

如需了解更多关于EN 581标准的信息，建议咨询专业人士或查阅相关文献资料。

家具测试培训资料桌子的机械性安全要求及测试方法标准目录¾EN 581-3:2007 户外家具——野营、家用、公用桌椅——第三部分：桌子的机械性安全要求及测试方法3. 条款及定义¾3.1 公用型户外桌子----在公用场合非私人使用的户外家具。

如在饭店，露天浴场，海滩，休闲娱乐场。

位置可调节的样品，每项测试应在最容易导致样品损坏的位置进行¾3.2 家用型户外桌子----在私人空间使用的户外家具。

如花园，咖啡台，阳台等¾3.3 野营用户外家具----便于携带，可折叠或拆卸的，轻便的，用与野营或者旅行的户外家具。

4. 测试条件¾测试的一般条件与EN 1730中相同，而测试时间由一周改为24小时。

¾测试将以力的形式进行。

在此测试中，将认为10N=1Kg。

5. 测试设备¾5.1 总则----测试装置与EN1730中除了使用刚性表面（在5、2中将详述）外，其余相同。

¾5.2刚性表面（基表面）----水平，坚硬的平滑表面。

注：合适的刚性表面有塑料薄片，电木板和金属板。

¾5.3 金属测试管----18mm直径，1.5mm厚和允许高于基表面上2200mm用力的长度。

6. 测试方法及要求¾6.1 总则----必须满足EN 581-1的一般性安全要求。

----在测试中，根据条款6.2，桌子不能翻转。

----根据条款6.3和6.4，在每个测试的最后，桌子都应该没有任何影响安全的结构损坏或变形，同时仍具有其功能（如折叠，展开，延伸调节等）¾6.2 稳定性¾ 6.2.1 垂直力作用下的稳定性测试----测量桌面最长边的长度备注1 对于矩形桌子，最长边为桌子的长边，而非对角线。

----桌面长度与力F的关系如下6. 测试方法及要求¾6.2.1 垂直力作用下的稳定性测试----野营用：F=200N----家用：对于长度小于800mm的F=200N对于长度在800mm和1600mm之间的F=L/4N对于长度长于1600mm的F=400N----公用：对于长度小于800mm的F=200N对于长度在800mm和1000mm之间的F= L-600N对于长度长于1000mm的F=400N如果桌子配有抽屉，应拆卸后再测试。

户外家具测试（EN581-1,2,3）EN581测试范围：◆办公家具：办公椅，会客椅，会议桌等◆露营家具：沙滩椅，沙滩桌，折叠桌椅等◆花园家具：花园扶手椅，花园桌，藤椅，秋千椅等◆儿童家具：高脚椅、婴儿椅等◆厨房家具：折叠桌，折叠椅等◆其他家具：酒吧椅、酒吧圆桌等户外家具分类：商用(Contract use)：非私人使用，可供公众场合使用，例如：饭店，游泳池，休闲场所家用(Domestic use)：私人使用，例如：花园，阳台露营用(Camping use)：便于运输，可折叠和拆卸，轻便BS EN 581-1: 2006 outdoor furniture - seating and table for camping, domestic and contract use Part 1: general safety requirements户外家具-露营,家用和公司用座椅和桌子–一般安全要求1．边和角2．外表可触及的开口3．外表可触及的剪切点和活动部件BS EN 581-2: 2009 outdoor furniture - seating and tables for camping, domestic and contract use Part 2: mechanical safety requirement and test methods for seating户外家具-露营,家用和公司用椅子和桌子-椅子机械安全要求和测试方法〉座面静态载荷测试〉座面疲劳度测试〉座面冲击测试〉靠背静态载荷测试〉拷贝循环测试〉座面和靠背交互式压力测试〉靠背冲击测试〉扶手向下静态载荷测试〉扶手疲劳度测试〉扶手冲击测试〉椅脚向前静态载荷测试〉椅脚侧向静态载荷测试BS EN 581-3: 2007 outdoor furniture - seating and tables for camping, domestic and contract use Part 3: mechanical safety requirement and test methods for tables户外家具–露营,家用和公司用椅子和桌子-桌子机械安全要求和测试方法〉稳定性〉强度（桌面强度测试、延伸部分强度测试）〉水平疲劳测试。

椅子桌子,EN 581检测, EN 581认证, EN 581服务,EN581是什么BS EN 581-1:2009 户外家具野营、家用和订做的座椅和桌子第1部分：一般安全要求
BS EN 581-2:2009 户外家具露营、家用和公共场合用户外桌椅第2部分椅子的机械安全要求和测试方法
BS EN 581-3:2007 户外家具野营、家用和办公用座椅和桌子第3部分桌子的机械安全要求和试验方法
ASTM F 1858 户外用带有可调节背或活动靠背结构的多位塑料椅的标准性能要求.
ASTM F 1561:2003 户外用塑料椅子标准性能要求
家具及配件测试产品范围：
办公家具：办公椅，会客椅，会议桌等
花园家具：花园扶手椅，花园桌，秋千椅等
儿童家具：儿童床，婴儿床，高脚椅等
厨房家具：折叠桌，折叠椅等
床：折叠床，双人床等
物理测试内容：
强度测试、五爪静态压力测试、稳定性测试、倾斜机构测试、扶手强度测试、座位/靠背疲劳测试、旋转测试、搁脚板疲劳测试、冲击测试、跌落测试、抽屉疲劳测试、锁测试、水平静态载荷测试、垂直静态载荷测试等
家具配件有害物质、限用物质测试：
偶氮、有机挥发物分析、重金属、有机锡、甲醛、镍释放量、无氯苯酚、邻苯二甲酸盐、分散性染料、铅/镉含量、阻燃剂、多环芳烃、PH值、壬基酚、涂层等
家具配件性能测试：
色牢度测试、耐腐蚀测试、老化测试、疲劳寿命测试、按客户要求测试等。

EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM EN 581-2 November 2015ICS 97.140; 97.200.30 Supersedes EN 581-2:2009English VersionOutdoor furniture - Seating and tables for camping,domestic and contract use - Part 2: Mechanical safetyrequirements and test methods for seatingMobilier d'extérieur - Sièges et tables à usagesdomestique, collectif et de camping - Partie 2: Exigences de sécurité, de résistance et de durabilitépour les sièges Außenmöbel - Sitzmöbel und Tische für den Camping-, Wohn- und Objektbereich - Teil 2: MechanischeSicherheitsanforderungen und Prüfverfahren fürSitzmöbelThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 September 2015.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONC O M I TÉE UR O PÉE N DE N O R M A L I SA T I O NE UR O PÄI SC HE S KO M I T E E FÜR N O R M UN GCEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels© 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 581-2:2015 EEN 581-2:2015 (E)2ContentsPageEuropean foreword (3)1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 4 2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 4 3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................... 4 4 Testing ................................................................................................................................................................. 5 5 Test equipment ................................................................................................................................................ 5 6 Safety, strength and durability requirements for loungers . (5)6.1 General ................................................................................................................................................................ 5 6.2 Stability, strength and durability .............................................................................................................. 5 6.2.1 Test sequence and parameters .................................................................................................................. 5 6.2.2 Requirements ................................................................................................................................................... 6 7 Safety, strength and durability requirements for other seating .................................................... 77.1 General ................................................................................................................................................................ 7 7.2 Stability, strength and durability .............................................................................................................. 7 7.2.1 Test sequence and parameters .................................................................................................................. 7 7.2.2 Requirements ................................................................................................................................................... 8 8 Information for use ........................................................................................................................................ 88.1 General ................................................................................................................................................................ 8 8.2 Marking for loungers ..................................................................................................................................... 8 9 Test report ......................................................................................................................................................... 9 Annex A (normative) Forward and sideways stability tests for loungers ............................................ 10 A.1Test procedure (10)Annex B (informative) Purchase information (guidelines) (12)EN 581-2:2015 (E)3European forewordThis document (EN 581-2:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 207 “Furniture”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2016.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.This document supersedes EN 581-2:2009.Compared to the current version, the main modifications are:— new requirements for tests, and loungers are no longer in an annex but in the standard, which is asimplification of the standard (requirements and clauses harmonized with the Clause 7 of the standard); — a simplification of chapters has been made: test equipment; — a modification of reference (EN 1728:2012) has been made.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.EN 581-2:2015 (E)41 ScopeThis European Standard specifies the minimum requirements for the safety, strength and durability of all types of outdoor seating for adults, without regard to materials, design/construction or manufacturing processes.It does not apply to street furniture.It does not apply to removable upholstery and covering. It does not include requirements for the durability of castors/wheels and height adjustment mechanisms.It does not include requirements for electrical safety.It does not include requirements for the resistance to ageing and degradation caused by light, temperature and moisture.The test requirements contained within this standard are based on use by persons weighing up to 110 kg.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.EN 581-1, Outdoor furniture — Seating and tables for camping, domestic and contract use — Part 1: General safety requirementsEN 1022:2005, Domestic furniture — Seating — Determination of stabilityEN 1728:2012, Furniture — Seating — Test methods for the determination of strength and durability3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1outdoor seating for contract useoutdoor seating intended for non-private use in places with public access3.2outdoor seating for domestic useoutdoor seating intended for private use in places use without public access3.3outdoor seating for camping useoutdoor seating foldable or knock-down and light-weight, intended for use in connection with camping and travelling3.4loungerseating intended for reclined posture with at least one backrest position with an “teta angle” between 0° and 45° and a leg rest which is integral part of the product and which is intended to support the full body weight of a userNote 1 to entry:Figure 1 shows teta angle in lounger .EN 581-2:2015 (E)5Key θteta anflaFigure 1 — Teta angle in lounger3.5street furnitureoutdoor furniture use in public space, permanently fixed to the ground or any structure (e.g. bus stop, wall…) or not able to be manually removed4 TestingTesting shall be carried out as specified in EN 1728 and EN 1022.With the exception of seating with a seat and back made of one piece of flexible material (e.g. textile), attached at the upper and lower edges only, seat and back loading points shall be determined according to EN 1728.For seating with a seat and back made of one piece of flexible material (e.g. textile), attached at the upper and lower edges only, the loading point shall be the lowest point when a rolling cylinder (Clause 5) is placed in the seating.5 Test equipmentIn derogation to EN 1728 and EN 1022, the loading position template for seating with seat and back made of one suspended or hanging piece of flexible material (e.g. textile) shall be a cylinder with a mass of (1 ± 0,5) kg and a diameter of (70 ± 10) mm.Axis of the cylinder shall be perpendicular to the median plane of the seat. Let the cylinder roll from the higher part of the top front of the flexible part. Where the cylinder stops the seat load shall be applied.NOTEA suitable length of the cylinder is 200 mm.6 Safety, strength and durability requirements for loungers6.1 GeneralBefore and after the strength, durability and stability tests are carried out, the EN 581-1 requirements shall be fulfilled.6.2 Stability, strength and durability6.2.1 Test sequence and parametersThe lounger shall be tested following the order listed in Table 1.EN 581-2:2015 (E)6Table 1 — Test sequence and test parameters for loungersTestReferencesTest parametersCamping Domestic Contract 1. Seat and back static load test a EN 1728:2012, 8.2Specified seat load, N Specified backrest load, NMinimum specified force F2 (back), N CyclesAdditional cycle 30 min ± 10 s1 100 - - 10 1 1 600 410 360 10 12 000 560 500 10 1 2. Additional seat and leg rest static load testEN 1728:2012, 8.3 Seat load on loading point, N Force applied on D-E point, N750 600750 900750 9003. Seat and back durability testEN 1728:2012, 8.4.1 Specified seat load, NSpecified backrest load, NMinimum specified force F4 (back), N Cycles 750 250 220 12 500 1 000 333 300 25 000 1 000 333 300 50 000 4. Additional seat durability testEN 1728:2012, 8.4.2 Specified force, NCycles750 5 000 1 000 10 000 1 000 20 000 5. Durability test on back rest mechanismEN 1728:2012, 8.5 Specified force, N Seat load, N Cycles190 1 000 5 000 250 1 000 10 000 250 1 000 20 000 6. Arm rest static load test EN 1728:2012, 8.6 Vertical specified Force, N-700900 b7. Arm rest durability test EN 1728:2012, 8.7 Specified force, N Cycles400 5 000 400 10 000 400 30 000 8. Impact testEN 1728:2012, 8.8Drop height, mm Cycles 140 10 180 10 240 10 9. Lifting test for mobileloungersEN 1728:2012, 8.9 Load, NCycles 1 000 500 1 000 1 000 1 000 2 000 10. Forward stability c, d A.1.2 11. Rearward stability cEN 1022:2005, 6.6 for upright position and 7.5 for most reclined position12. Sideways stability c, dA.1.1aIf seat and back are of one piece of flexible material (e.g. textile), only the tests on seat shall be carried out. b If armrest is less than 15 mm wide, carry out test with 700 N. c In the case of seating which might not fulfil the stability requirements before carrying out any tests, the applicable stability tests may be carried out before starting the sequence of tests specified in this table. d This test is not applicable for seating with a seat height < 200 mm and a mass < 5 kg. The height shall be determined by measuring from the floor to the upper seating area on the geometrical centre of the unloaded seat.6.2.2 RequirementsThe safety, strength and durability requirements are fulfilled after testing in accordance with Table 1 when:a) there are no fractures of any joint, member or component, b) there is no loosening of joints intended to be rigid,c) the lounger fulfils its function after removal of the test loads,d) the product shall not overturn when subjected to the stability tests.EN 581-2:2015 (E)77 Safety, strength and durability requirements for other seating7.1 GeneralBefore and after the strength, durability and stability tests are carried out, the requirements of EN 581-1 shall be fulfilled.7.2 Stability, strength and durability7.2.1 Test sequence and parametersThe seating shall be tested for strength, durability and stability following the order listed in Table 2.Table 2 — Test sequence and test parameters for other seatingTestReferenceTest parametersCamping Domestic Contract 1. Seat static load and back static load test aEN 1728:2012, 6.4 Specified seat load, NLoad applied on seat not being tested, N Specified backrest load, N Minimum specified force F2 (back), N CyclesAdditional cycle 30 min ± 10 s 1 100 750 - -10 1 1 600 750 410 360 10 1 2 000 750 560 500 10 1 2. Seat front edge static load EN 1728:2012, 6.5 Specified force, N Seat load, N Cycles 1 100 750 10 1 300 750 10 1 300 750 10 3. combined Seat and back durability test aEN 1728:2012, 6.17 Specified seat load, NSeat load, N Specified backrest load, N Minimum specified force F4 (back), N Cycles 1 000 750 250220 12 500 1 000 750 333300 25 000 1 000 750 333300 50 000 4. Durability test on seating with a multi-position back rest EN 1728:2012, 6.19 Seat load, NSpecified force, N Cycles 750 190 5 000 750 250 10 000 750 250 20 000 5. Arm rest static load test EN 1728:2012, 6.11 Vertical specified Force, N - 700 900 b 6. Arm rest durability test EN 1728:2012, 6.20 Specified force, N Cycles400 5 000400 10 000 400 30 000 7. Leg forward static load testEN 1728:2012, 6.15Seat load, N Horizontal specified forces, N Minimum specified force, N Cycles750 250 150 10 1 000300 175 10 1 000400 250 10 8. Leg sideways static load test EN 1728:2012, 6.16Seat load, N Horizontal specified forces, N Minimum specified force, N Cycles 750 200 150 10 1 000 300 175 10 1 000300 200 10 9. Seat impact test c EN 1728:2012, 6.24 Drop height, mm Cycles 140 10 180 10 240 10 10. Foot rest static test d EN 1728:2012, 6.8 Vertical specified force, NCycles- 10 1 000 10 1 200 10 11. Forward stability e, f EN 1022 12. Rearward stability f EN 1022 13. Sideways stability e, fEN 1022EN 581-2:2015 (E)8 Test Reference Test parametersCamping Domestic Contracta If seat and back are of one piece of flexible material (e.g. textile), only the tests on seat shall be carried out.b If armrest is less than 15 mm wide, carry out test with 700 N for contract use.c The application point shall be at least 100 mm from the front edge. This test shall not be carried out on seating with a seat height > 600 mm.d This test is carried out only on seating with a seat height > 700 mm.e This test is not applicable for seating with a seat height < 200 mm and a mass < 5 kg. The height shall be determined by measuring from the floor to the upper seating area on the geometrical centre of the unload seat.f In the case of seating which might not fulfil the stability requirements before carrying out any tests, the applicable stability tests may be carried out before starting the sequence of tests specified in this table.7.2.2RequirementsThe safety, strength and durability requirements are fulfilled after testing in accordance with Table 2 when:a) there are no fractures of any joint, member or component,b) there is no loosening of joints intended to be rigid,c) the seating fulfils its function after removal of the test loads,d) the seating fulfils the safety requirements,e) the product shall not overturn when subjected to the stability tests.8Information for use8.1GeneralInstruction for use shall be provided in the language(s) of the country where the seating are sold. These instructions shall be headed "IMPORTANT, RETAIN FOR FUTURE REFERENCE: READ CAREFULLY" in letters no less than 5 mm high, unless if the following information are permanently marked on the product.It shall contain at least the following details:a) name and address of the manufacturer/supplier/retailer;b) conditions for use of the product (domestic, camping or contract).If applicable:c) assembly instructions;d) instructions for the care and maintenance of the seating;e) if the seating is fitted with seat height adjustments with energy accumulators, an additional note is required pointing out that only trained personnel may replace or repair seat height adjustment components with energy accumulators.8.2Marking for loungersLoungers equipped with wheels, but not intended to be lifted and moved with a person in it shall be permanently marked with the pictogram as shown in Figure 2. The smallest dimension of the pictogram shall not be less than 25 mm.EN 581-2:2015 (E)9Figure 2 — Pictogram9 Test reportThe test report shall include at least the following information: a) reference to this part of the European Standard; b) details of piece of furniture tested;c) use of the product (Camping, Domestic or Contract); d) any defects observed before testing; e) the test results according to the applicable clauses; f) compliance with the requirements; g) the name and address of the test facility;h) the date of test.EN 581-2:2015 (E)10Annex A(normative)Forward and sideways stability tests for loungersA.1Test procedureA.1.1Sideways stabilityThe seat loading points shall be on a line 60 mm from the side edge and the first point shall be 300 mm from the front edge. The following loading points shall be placed at least 600 mm apart from each other and at least 300 mm from an armrest or the rear edge of the lounger. See Figure A.1.The forces shall be applied using the loading pad defined in EN 1022:2005, 4.2.If the arm rest is more than 400 mm in length apply additional vertical force F B.2 in the centre of it. Apply simultaneously the downwards forces F B.1 on seat as specified in Table A.1 and the load on the arm rest (see Figure A.1).Maintain forces for 5 s.a) Lounger with arm restb) Lounger without arm restFigure A.1 — Example of application points for sideway stabilityEN 581-2:2015 (E)11A.1.2 Forward stabilityApply the downwards force F B.3 as specified in Table A.1 (see Figure A.2). Apply a force F B.4 horizontallyKeyL length of the lounger Figure A.2 — Forward stabilityTable A.1 — Forces valueForce name Force valueNF B.1 600F B.2 250 F B.3 600EN 581-2:2015 (E)12Annex B(informative) Purchase information (guidelines)To allow the consumer to select a product that will be suitable for the intended use prior to purchase, purchase information should be available without the need to open any package. This should include: — identification of the product;— product characteristics such as dimensions, storage information, maintenance, etc.; — conditions for use of the product (camping, domestic or contract).。