人书脑1. WilliamShakespeare莎士比亚1564-1616Romeo and Juliet罗密欧与朱丽叶The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人;Hamlet哈姆雷特/王子复仇记;Othello奥塞罗;King Lear李尔王;The Tragedy of Macbeth麦克白;Timon of Athens雅典的泰门;；Measure for Measure恶有恶报;The Tempest暴风风雨;RenaissanceShakespearian sonnet14行诗Not for an age, but for all time. 永垂不朽Quatrain 成组句Couplet 对偶句2 John Milton约翰·弥尔顿1608-1674(The phases ofMilton's lifeparallel themajor historicaland politicaldivisions inStuart Britain.)L‘Allegro欢乐的人;Il Penseroso沉思的人;Comus科马斯;Lycidas列西达斯;Areopagitica论出版自由;The Defense of the English people为英国人民声辩;The Second Defense of the English people再为英国人民声辩;Paradise Lost失乐园;Paradise Regained复乐园;Samson Agonistes力士参孙Milton's poetry and prose reflect1. deep personal convictions2. a passion for freedom andself-determination3. the urgent issues andpolitical turbulence4. achieved internationalrenown within his lifetime.1. Rich and complex texture,multiplicity of the classical (Biblicaland mythological) references,wealth of ornament anddecoration2. Subjects are magnificent3. The characters are human andbelievable4. In the ending, life not death istriumphantRomantic poets William Blake andPercy Shelley, who saw Satan asthe real hero of the poem and arebel against the tyranny ofHeaven........Winston Churchill Daniel Defoe丹尼尔·迪福 1. D had a gift for organizing3 1660-17311. The Fatherof the EnglishFiction2. firstimportantEnglishnovelist 标志着近代英国小说的形成3. versatile 多产的Robinson Crusoe《鲁宾逊漂流记》1719Captain Singleton《辛格尔顿船长》1720Moll Flanders《摩尔·弗兰德斯》1722A Journal of the Plague Year《大疫年记事》1722The Shortest Way with the Dissenters《消灭不同教派的捷径》Hymn to the Pillory《枷锁颂》→wrote in prison. imitated thelyric poem of Greek poet Pindaros(品达罗斯) .The True-Born Englishman《地道的英国人》1701→his firstironic poem & the most successful poem.minute detail---both credible andfascinating.2. His sentences are sometimesshort and plain,sometimes longand rambling---an impression ofcasual narration.3. His language is smooth, easy,and mostly vernacular地方的.everything is common English atits best instead of artificial..3.His novels enjoy a popularityamong middle class.1. Sings the praises of labour2. Beautifies the colonialism3. Reflects the aggressive andbrave image of the rising Englishbourgeoisie4. Belaud the individualism.5. Affirm the power of human,espcially the force of reason4 Jonathan Swift斯威夫特1667-1745 ( a master of satire )Dublin ,Irelandan attack on pedantry(买弄学问)1. in the form of a parable2. a satire upon all religious sects an attack on ChristianityitselfLilliput 小人国--the Tories(托利党) & the Whigs(辉格党)Brobdingnag 大人国---a satire on English lords andladiesFlying Island 飞岛国---corrupted philosophers &projectorsCountry of the Horses 智马国---the conflicts of Englishsocietyand peoplesimple, clear, vigorous language;direct and precise prose;a master satirist;deadly irony & powerful satire.1. SatireSwift was a man of great moralintegrity and social charm.His satire is usually masked byan outward gravity and anapparent earnestness whichrenders his satire all the morepowerful.2. Simplicity and DirectnessSwift is always mostunsurpassed in the writing. Hedefined a good style as “properwords in proper places.”5 Henry Fielding亨利·菲尔丁1707-1754 Joseph Andrews 约瑟·安德鲁传--epistolary novel 书信体小说1.He firmly believed theeducational function of literature（英国现实主义小说的奠基者）Mr Jonathan Wild the Great大伟人江奈生·魏尔德传The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling汤姆·琼斯;Amelia阿美利亚2.The purpose of the novel was not just to amuse, but to instruct 3.“the just copies of human manners”(人类态度的完整拷贝）1.The first to give the modern novel its structure and style2.Third-person narration “all-knowing God”3.The language is easy and familiar, but quite vivid and vigorous6 Robert Burns彭斯1759-1796(the nationalpoet ofScotland 苏格兰民族诗人) Poems in the Scottish Dialect苏格兰方言诗集The Tree of Liberty自由村;Scots Wha-Hae苏格兰人;The Two Dogs两只狗;1.Love & friendship2.The natural beauty of hisnative Scotland3.The patriotism of hiscompatriots and their struggle forliberty7 William Blake布莱克1757-1827(a precursor ofRomanticism inEnglish poetry浪漫主义先驱)Songs of Innocence天真之歌;Songs of Experience经验之歌；(simple without being naive; childlike without being childish;innocent without being insipid乏味）The French Revolution法国革命;The Marriage of Heaven and Hell天堂与地狱的婚姻;名诗：Lamb; London; The Tiger1.Inner spiritual freedom of theindividual2.Plain, simple, direct, immensemeaning3.Vision images4.Symbolism8 WilliamWordsworth威廉·华兹华斯1770-1850 （Poet Laureate桂冠诗人）(developed and cherished a love of nature)Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集（mark the break with 18th century classicism and thebeginning of romanticism in English poetry）;The Solitary ReaperComposed upon Westminster BridgeNatureOrdinary peopleOrdinary lifeAl good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerfulfeelings."Preface" :classic statement of Romanticpoetry principles;manifesto of the English Romanticmovement in poetryThe function of poetry lies in itspower to give an unexpectedsplendor to familiar andcommonplace things, to“incidents and situations fromcommon life.”All kinds of people,ordinary peasants, children, evenoutcasts, can enter poetry.1.He advocated using thelanguage of common people.2.Imagination was very importantin poetic creation.9 Jane Austin简·奥斯丁1775-1817 Pride and Prejudice傲慢与偏见;Sense and Sensibility理智与情感;Emma爱玛;Mansfield Park曼斯菲尔德公园;Persuasion 劝导Northanger Abbey诺桑觉Lady SusanThe watsonsSanditon1.Her earliest fictional venturesare full of charming and delicatecomedy.2.She was almost uninfluenced, bythe current fashions in fiction orby the revolutionary ideas.3.Simple stories ofcommonplace people of theupper middle class.4.Her works show a wealth ofcharacter studies, and abound inwit, humor and charm.She never touched upon the classconflicts of her time, and in herworks the extremes of wealth andpoverty are unknown.She restricted her subject, matterto a narrow range of society andevents: a quiet, prosperous,middle-class circle in provincialsurroundings.She treated her writing materialwith such subtlety of observation,depth of psychologicalpenetration and delicacy of touchthat she is ranked among the bestof English novelists.1 0 GeorgeGordon Byron乔治·拜伦1788-1824Hours of Idliness懒散的时刻;Edinburgh ReviewEnglish Bords and Scottish Reviewers英国诗人与苏格兰评论家;Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage 恰罗德·哈罗德游记;Hebrew Melodies 歌谣集Prison of ChillonManfred曼弗雷德;Byron’s poetry exerted greatinfluence on the RomanticMovement, owing to his attackson political, religious and moralhypocrisy, to the romanticcharacter of “Byronic Hero”andto the easy, natural beauty of hisverse.Cain 该隐Don Juan唐·璜She Walks in Beauty 她在美中行1 1 Percy ByssheShelley波西·比希·雪莱1792-1822 Queen Mab麦布女王;Prometheus Unbound解放了的普罗米修斯;The Cenci钦契;Song to the Men of England致英国人民;The Masque of Anarchy专制魔王的化装游行;Ode to the West Wind/a Skylark西风/云雀颂;1. Shelly was a revolutionary and ademocrat. He was fighting all hislife against cruelty, injustice,authority and institutional religion.2. He held that poetry alone couldfree man and offer the mind awider view of its powers.3.“Poetry is a more directrepresentation of the actions andpassions of our internal being”1 2 John Keats约翰·济兹1795-1821Endymion恩底弥翁;Isabella伊莎贝拉;The Eve of Sanit Agnes圣爱尼节前夜;On the Grasshopper and Crickets 蛐蛐和蟋蟀Ode to a Nightingale夜莺颂;To Autumn秋颂;Ode on a Grecian Urn希腊古瓮颂;His poetry is always sensuous,colorful and rich in imaginary.Keats has the power of enteringthe feelings of others--- eitherhuman or animal. He declaredthat when he saw a bird on thelawn, the entered imaginativelyinto the life of the bird.1 3 CharlesDickens狄更斯1812-1870 The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club匹克威克外传;Oliver Twist奥利弗·退斯特;American Notes美国札记;Martin Chuzzlewit马丁·朱述尔维特;The Old Curiosity Shop老古玩店;Dombey and Son董贝父子;David Copperfield大卫·科波菲尔;Hard Times艰难时世;A Tale of Two Cities双城记;Great Expectation远大前程Charles continued to use hisbooks to tell about the badconditions that the workingclasses and poor people had tolive under. He hoped that bydoing this things would changefor the good, but they justseemed to get worse.1.It’s an adapted account ofDickens’own life from childhoodto early adulthood. (5 Aspects—C.P.)2.The 1st point of view adds muchto the realistic effects andsympathetic treatment ofcharacters.3.The successful employment of child’s point of view, brings out the truthfulness and geniuses of David’s experiences and his feelings.1 4 Thomas Hardy哈代1840-1928The Return of the Native还乡;The Mayor of Casterbridge卡斯特桥市长;Tess of the D’urbervilles德伯家的苔丝;Jude the Obscure无名的裘德The Dynasts统治者三部曲Romances and Fantasies;novels of ingenuity;novels of character and environment1. Fierce criticism of the hypocritical morality of society andthe inhuman exploitation of the capitalists who invaded theEnglish country and destroyed the peasantry from the root.2. Tess: a typical victim of the society, a personal and alsosocial tragedy. (poverty, society, two men)3. Fate plays an important role.4.“Justice was done, and the President of the Immortals hadended his sport with Tess.”1.His view was rather gloomy anddark, inevitable conflicts andtragedy of human life.2.His works are noted for therealistic presentation of life andsocial criticism.3.He is a great painter of nature.(Wessex)4.In style, he is a traditionalist andheightens the local and regionalcolor.1. The struggle between men andhis environment, betweenaspiring human spirit and theexternal inanimate nature.2. Common working class peopleas heroes and heroines. They areusually tragic ones who acquireself-consciousness and questionthe fundamentals of society.3.Strong elementsof naturalism and combined witha tendency towardssymbolism.1 5 Oscar Wilde王尔德1856-1900(aestheticism唯美主义者)Art for art’ssakeThe Picture of Dorian Gray道林·格雷的画像The Happy Prince and Other Tales快乐王子De Prafundis惨痛的呼声;The Ballad of Reading Gaol累丁狱之歌Lady Windermere’s Fan温德米尔夫人的扇子;A Woman of No Importance一个无足轻重的妇女;An Ideal Husband理想丈夫;The Importance of Being Earnest埃耐斯特的重要“Art for Art’s Sake”1. A spokesman for aestheticism2. Belonged to decadent school3. Elements of social protest andcriticism性1 6 GeorgeBernard Shaw萧伯纳1856-1950（Nobel PrizeWinner）Art foreducation’ssakeAn Unsocial Socialist业余社会主义者Quintessence of IbsenismWidoer’s Houses鳏夫的房产;Mrs Warren’s Profession华伦夫人的职业Arms and the manCandidaThe man of dynastyCaesar and CleopatraMajor Barbara巴巴拉少校Pygmalion劈克美梁;Heartbreak House伤心之家;The Apple Cart苹果车;Too True to be Good真相毕露Art should serve social purposesby reflecting human life, revealingsocial contradictions andeducating the common people.1. Structurally and thematically,Shaw followed the great traditionsof realism. With his wit and love ofparadox, he made full use ofcomic satire and brought a newkind of intelligence to the drama.2. Shaw’s language is easy, wittyand forceful.3. Action is reduced to aminimum, while the dialogue andthe interplay of the minds of thecharacters maintain the interest ofthe audience.1 7 James Joyce乔伊斯1882-1941(the stream ofconsciousnesstechnique 意识流大师)Dubiners都柏林人A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man青年艺术家的画像Ulysess尤利西斯;Finnegans Wake芬尼根的觉醒詹姆斯·乔伊斯（James Joyce,1882-1941），被认为是继莎士比亚后英语文学史上最伟大的作家，他在小说领域取得的成就，代表着现代主义文学的一座高峰。
