山东科技大学英语翻译基础2011--2014年考研专业课初试真题

2011年山东科技大学研究生入学考试试卷翻译硕士日语問天井から雨水が漏れ、床が水浸しになってしまった。

0.5×10 5点1、天井 a てんいてんこてんしょうてんじょう2、雨水 a あめみずあまみずうすいうみず3、漏れ a こぼれたれもれとれ4、水浸し a すいしんしすいじんみずひたしみずびたし問校内では禁煙になっております。

おタバコはご遠慮ください。

5、校内 a こうないこないこうなかこなか6、禁煙 a きえんきんえんきつえんけんえん7、遠慮 a えんりょえんりょうとおりょとうりょう問浜辺で若いカップルが貝殻を拾っているそばを、子供たちが駆けている。

8、浜辺 a ひんべひんべんはまべはまべん9、貝殻 a かいがらかいからかいかくかいがく10、駆けて a つけてふざけてかけてついて二、次の文の下線をつけた言葉の漢字を一つ選びなさい。

15、しこう a 指向思考嗜好志向16、はいけい a 拝啓背景拝敬俳敬問実はこの大理石はてんねんのではなくて、じんぞうなのですが、ほんものと変わらないということで、非常ににんきが高いです。

17、てんねん a 天燃天然天捻天粘18、じんぞう a 人造人像人相人創19、ほんもの a 真物偽物本物似物20、にんき a 人気人喜人縁人楽三、正しい答えを一つ選びなさい。

21、彼女の部屋の前を変な男がしていた。

a おろおろぐるぐるうろうろとぼとぼ22、商談の前にをしておいたので、順調に調印した。

a 根回し手回し気配り物別れ23、祖母の病状はようだから、あとは回復を待つばかりだ。

a ブレーキをかける峠を越した波に乗る底をついた24、子供なのに、としている。

a さっぱりはっきりしっかりすっかり25、なかなか勇気が出なかったが、今日は自分の気持ちを彼女に打ち明けた。

a 思い切って思い悩んで思い上がって思い込んで26、この大学はが狭くなったので、移転することになった。

a キャンプキャンパス c トンネルマーケット27、が故障して、車が動かなくなった。

Part I Reading Comprehension (2*25=50 points)Directions: There are five passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Decide on the best choice.Passage 1Children learn almost nothing from television, and the more they watch the less they remember. They regard television purely as entertainment, resent programs that demand on them and are surprised that anybody should take the medium seriously. Far from being over-excited by programs, they are mildly bored with the whole thing. These are the main conclusions from a new study of children and television. The author——Cardiac Cullingford confirms that the modern child is a dedicated viewer. The study suggests that there is little point in the later hours. More than a third of the children regularly watch their favorite programs after 9 p.m. All 11-year-olds have watched programs after midnight.Apart from the obvious waste of time involved, it seems that all this viewing has little effect. Children don’t pay close attention, says Cullingford, and they can recall few details. They can remember exactly which programs they have seen but they can rarely explain the elements of a particular plot. “Reca ll was in reverse proportion to the amount they had watched”. It is precisely because television, unlike a teacher, demands so little attention and response that children like it, argues Cullingford. Programs seeking to put over serious messages are strongly disliked. So are people who frequently talk on screen. What children like most, and remember best, are the advertisements. They see them as short programs in their own right and particularly enjoy humorous presentation. But again, they react strongly against high-pressure advertisements that attempt openly to influence them.On the other hand, they are not emotionally involved in the programs. If they admire the stars, it is because the actors lead glamorous lives and earn a lot of money, not because of their fictional skills with fast cars and shooting villains. They are perfectly clear about the functions of advertisements; by the age of 12, only one in 10 children believes what even favorite ads say about the product. And says Cullingford, educational television is probably least successful of all in imparting attitudes or information.1. The study of children and television shows that_______.A. it is useless for television companies to delay adult viewing to the later hours.B. It is a waste of time for children to watch adult programs on TV.C. Children should not watch television programs late into the night.D. Children are supposed to learn a lot from television programs.2. “Recall was in reverse proportion to the amount they had watched” (in Para.2) has almost the same meaning as________.A. “the more they watch the less they remember”. (in Para. 1)B. “Programs seeking to put over serious messages are strongly disliked”. (in Para. 2)C.“They see them as short programs in their own right”. (in Para. 2)D. “educational television is probably least successful of all in imparting attitudes or information”. (in Para. 3)3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the new study of children and television?A. Some children stay up late to watch the programs they likeB. Children enjoy watching challenging programs.C. Children don’t like serious messages and high-pressured ads.D. Though children like watching ads, most of them don't believe what ads say about the product.4. Cullingford concludes that_______.A. children are excited when they watch TV.B. Watching TV has little real effect on children.C. Parents should spend less time watching TV.D. Parents should be worried about the effect of TV on children.5. Whom would the result of the new study upset?A. The advertisers.B. The children viewers.C. The movie stars.D. The educators.Passage 2Mrs. Lester kept on asking her husband to take her to the ballet. Mr. Lester hates the ballet, but when his employers invited him and his wife, he could not get out of it. As they drove to the theatre that evening, the fog got worse and worse. The traffic slowed down to a walking pace and almost stopped. When they eventually got to the theatre, the ballet was over. Mrs. Lester could not work out how it had taken them so long to get there, even taking the fog into account. The theatre was within walking distance of their house. It took her a long time to get over the disappointment.A month later, Mrs. Lester found out what had happened. Mr. Lester told a friend of his that he had taken wrong turning on purpose. This friend told his wife, and the wife immediately went around to tell Mrs. Lester. The two women began to plan revenge. One day, when Mr. Lester was not in, they broke into his study, which he always locked. His hobby was collecting old coins. Mrs. Lester had already worked out how much his collection was worth: $850! They were taking some coins out of the case when they heard a car pull upoutside the house. Mrs. Lester quickly switched the light off, and they waited, holding their breath. The front door opened and Mr. Lester came in. They heard him take his coat off. He walked towards the study door and opened it. There was no chance for the women to get away without being seen. Mr. Lester switched the light on and was astounded to see his wife standing there with a handful of valuable coins. It took both husband and wife a long time to get over this.6. Which of the following is correct?A. Mr. Lester likes to watch ballet.B. Mrs. Lester likes to watch ballet.C. Both of them like to watch balletD. Neither of them likes to watch ballet.7. It was quite ____when they drove to the theatre.A. rainyB. stormyC. cloudyD. foggy8. The theater is _____from Mr. and Mrs. L ester’s.A. an hour-drivingB. in the other side of the cityC. very nearD. half an hour of bicycle riding9. The wife of Mr. Lester’s friend is a_____.A. social workerB. house cleanerC. baby sitterD. gossip10. How many persons are mentioned in this story?A. ThreeB. FourC. FiveD. Six.Passage 3Educating girls quite possibly yields a higher rate of return than any other investment available in the developing world. Women’s education may be unusual terri tory for economists, but enhancing women’s contribution to development is actually as much an economic as a social issue. And economics, with its emphasis on incentives, provides guideposts that point to an explanation for why so many girls are deprived of an education.Parents in low-income countries fail to invest in their daughters because they do not expect them to make an economic contribution to the family: girls grow up only to marry into somebody else’s family and bear children. Girls are thus se en as less valuable than boys and are kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to school-the prophecy becomes self-fulfilling, trapping women in a vicious circle of neglect.An educated mother, on the other hand, has greater earning abilities outside the home and faces an entirely different set of choices. She is likely to have fewer but healthier children and can insist on the development of all her children, ensuring that her daughters are given a fair chance. The education of her daughters then makes it much more likely that the next generation of girls, as well as of boys, will be educated and healthy. The vicious circle is thus transformed into a virtuous circle.Few will dispute that educating women has great social benefits. But it has enormous economic advantages as well. Most obviously, there is the direct effect of education on the wages of female workers. Wages rise by 10 to 20 per cent for each additional year of schooling. Such big returns are impressive by the standard of other available investments, but they are just the beginning. Educating women also has a significant impact on health practices, including family planning.11. The author argues that educating girls in developing countries is _______.A. rewardingB. troublesomeC. expensiveD. labor-saving12. By saying “... the prophecy becomes self-fulfilling...” (Para. 2), the author means that __.A. girls will eventually find their goals in life beyond reachB. girls will be increasingly discontented with their life at homeC. girls will be capable of realizing their own dreamsD. girls will turn out to be less valuable than boys13. The author believes that a vicious circle can turn into a virtuous circle when _______.A. women care more about educationB. parents can afford their daughters’ educationC. girls can gain equal access to educationD. a family has fewer but healthier children14. What does the author say about women’s education?A. It has aroused the interest of a growing number of economists.B. It will yield greater returns than other known investments.C. It is now given top priority in many developing countries.D. It deserves greater attention than other social issues.15. The passage mainly discusses _______.A. unequal treatment of boys and girls in developing countriesB. the major contributions of educated women to societyC. the economic and social benefits of educating womenD. the potential earning power of well-educated womenPassage 4David Thomson is an electronics technician, trained by the U.S. Navy, who writes instruction books for complicated equipment. He believes that every person is surrounded by a force field that can broadcast emotions to other human beings. The ability to receive such fo rce fields, Thomson believes, explains how one can sense another’s fear, nervousness, aggression, panic, or friendliness.This theory of emotional communication occurred to Thomson when he told a psychiatrist, Dr. Jack Ward, that he was certain his own hypertension made those near him uncomfortable. To demonstrate the theory, Thomson constructed a transmitter capable ofgenerating an electromagnetic field similar to that of a man beset by hyper anxiety. For a year, with this in his pocket, Thomson made people miserable. He would find a hungry man delightedly preparing to eat a steak in a restaurant, turn on the transmitter, and watch as the man became tense and irritable and finally left with his steak uneaten. In another test, Thomson cleared a crowded room in fifteen minutes. Such an exodus could not be due, Thomson observed, to personality problems alone.Dr. Ward, who had become Thomson’s partner, insisted that there was already misery enough in the world. Thomson fashioned a “happiness transmitter,” which can duplicate the force field of a contented man. University psychologists in the United States report some encouraging results in current tests of the Thomson-and-Ward transmitter.The “happiness machine” has many possibilities. Thomson has speculated on its use near disturbed or anxious patients in hospitals, and in unruly crowds. Tranquility, like panic and violence, may be contagious.16. The theory is based on belief in the existence of______.A. complicated equipmentB. individual force fieldsC. nervousnessD. aggression17. The theory occurred to Thomson because he was convinced that people near him .A. could hypnotize himB. could make him feel uncomfortableC. were reading his thoughts D were affected by his hypertension18. For his first demonstrations, Thomson chose people who____.A. were in a happy moodB. seemed hyper anxiousC. were aggressiveD. Both B and C19. The Thomson-and-Ward transmitter was constructed because____.A. university psychologists suggested itB. the “misery machine” had not workedC. Dr. Ward felt there was misery enoughD. Police forces asked for it20. Thomson has speculated on_____.A. some helpful uses of a “happiness machine”B. possi ble wrongful uses of a “happiness machine”C. the disadvantages of a tranquil populationD. the final report on the psychologists’ testsPassage 5Does a bee know what is going on in its mind when it navigates its way to distant food sources and back to the hive, using polarized sunlight and the tiny magnet it carries as a navigational aid? Or is the bee just a machine, unable to do its mathematics and dance its language in any other way? To use Dondald Griffin’s term, does a bee have “awareness”, or to use a phrase I like better, can a bee think and imagine?There is an experiment for this, or at least an observation, made long ago by Karl von Firsch and more recently confirmed by James Gould in Princeton. Biologists who wish to study such things as bee navigation, language, and behavior in general have to train their bees to fly from the hive to one or another special place. To do this, they begin by placing a source of sugar very close to the hive so that the bees (considered by their trainers to be very dumb beasts) can learn what the game is about. Then, at regular interval, the dish or whatever is moved progressively farther and farther from the hive, in increments of about 25 percent at each move. Eventually, the target is being moved 100 feet or more at a jump, very far from the hive. Sooner or later, while this process is going on, the biologist shifting the dish of sugar will find the bees are out there waiting for them, precisely where the next position had been planned. This is an uncomfortable observation to make.21. The best title for the passage is_____A. Teaching the Bees to NavigateB. Testing the Awareness of BeesC. Navigational Techniques of BeesD. Behaviorists Versus Biologists: A Zoological Debate22. The word “awareness” in Paragrap h One appears in quotation marks in order to ____A. show the author’s preference for the termB. indicate that it is being used humorouslyC. acknowledge Donald Griffin’s previous use of the termD. point out that it was used differently earlier in the passage23. In the second paragraph Karl von Frisch is mentionedA. to introduce his observation on bee behaviorB. to contrast his theories with those of James GouldC. acknowledge Donald Griffin’s previous use of the termD. point out that it was used differently earlier in the passage24. According to the author, sugar was used in the study______A. to reward the bees for performing the experiment correctlyB. to train the bees to travel to a particular placeC. to ensure that the bees knew where the hive wasD. to ensure that the bees would obey the orders25. The result of the experiment explained in the passage seems to indicate that______A. research using bees is too dangerous to be conducted successfullyB. bees are unable to navigate beyond 100 feet their hiveC. scientists can teach bees to navigateD. bees are able to perform limited reasoning tasksPart II Vocabulary and Structure (0.5*40=20 points)Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.1. If you lie once, people will think of you as a liar and interpret your remarks ______.A. certainlyB. accordinglyC. approximatelyD. appropriately2. The lightning flashed and thunder ______.A. bumpedB. struckC. collidedD. crashed3. Success in money-making is not always a good ______ of real success in life.A. essenceB. qualificationC. decreeD. criterion4. Because a circle has no beginning or end, the wedding ring is a symbol of ______ love.A. extravagantB. prominentC. eternalD. sincere5. This is a complete ______ for enforcing the new welfare regulations.A. legislationB. blueprintC. leaseD. penalty6. The policeman tried to ______ the teenage driver to obey the traffic laws rather than fine him directly.A. induceB. perplexC. indulgeD. lure7. He kept making ______ remarks instead of straight forward yes-or-no replies.A. opaqueB. ambiguousC. doubtfulD. oriental8. The managing director took the _____ for the accident, although it was not really his fault.A. guiltB. claimC. blameD. accusation9. There is something wrong with my TV set, I must have it ______.A. checkingB. checkC. to checkD. checked10. All flights ______ because of the storm, they decided to take the train.A. having cancelledB. were cancelledC. have been cancelledD. having been cancelled11. At last they succeeded ______ the job.A. to persuade him toB. in persuading him to takeC. to persuade him takingD. in persuading him taking12. The electric shaver ______ before it can be used.A. needs repairingB. requires to repairB. should be in repair D. has to be repairable13. You can fly to London this evening ______ you don’t mind changing planes in Paris.A. providedB. exceptC. unlessD. so far as14. The factory ______ next year will be one of the largest in this city.A. to buildB. to be builtC. being builtD. having been built15. Don’t say anything at the meeting unless ______.A. askingB. askedC. being askedD. to be asked16. There are several ______ leaves on the ground.A. fallingB. fallenC. to fallD. fell17. The price was very reasonable; I would gladly have paid ______ he asked.A. three times much asB. three times as many asC. as three times much asD. three times as much as18. We’d better wait ______, Peter and Tom will come very soon.A. a little longerB. more longerC. longD. as longer19. The doctors have tried ______ to save the life of the wounded soldier.A. everything possible humanlyB. humanly everything possibleC. everything humanly possibleD. humanly possible everything20. I was worried very muc h because I’ll miss my flight if the bus arrives ______.A. latelyB. lateC. latterD. more later21. It is ______ that I would like to go to the beach.A. so nice weatherB. such nice weatherC. so nice a weatherD. such a nice weather22. The reason why so many people sit before the television tonight is that there will be a______ show.A. livingB. liveC. aliveD. lived23. I ______ go to bed until I ______ finished my work.A. don’t/hadB. didn’t/haveC. didn’t/hadD. don’t/have24. The students in the classroom ______ not to make so much noise.A. needB. oughtC. mustD. dare25. The differences between ______ are gradually being eliminated.A. the town and the countryB. town and countryC. a town and a countryD. a town and the country26. We have produced ______ this year as we did in 1993.A. as much cotton twiceB. as twice much cottonC. much as twice cottonD. twice as much cotton27. ______ of the buildings were ruined.A. Three fourthB. Three fourC. Three-fourthsD. Three-four28. She went to the countryside ______.A. in the morning at nine / on June first, 1968B. on June first, 1968 / in the morning at nineC. at nine in the morning / on June first, 1968D. on June first, 1968 / at nine in the morning29. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth ______ covered with water.A. areB. isC. wereD. be30. The Olympic Games are held ______.A. every four yearsB. every four yearC. every fourth yearsD. every four-years31. ______, wherever he lives, a man belongs to some society.A. For shortB. In shortC. Of shortD. On short32. Tom has been sad recently, for his plan to go to college _____ at the last moment.A. fell outB. fell behindC. fell inD. fell through33. David likes country life and has decided to ______ farming.A. go in forB. go intoC. go throughD. go after34. Classroom testing, if well done, most certainly ___ a stimulus to study and real learning.A. acts forB. acts onC. acts asD. acts to35. The French pianist who had been praised very highly ____ to be a great disappointment.A. turned upB. turned inC. turned outD. turned down36. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are ______.A. out of workB. out of reachC. out of practiceD. out of stock37. A man who could ______ such treatment was a man of remarkable physical courage andmoral strength.A. bear uponB. insist onC. stand up toD. persist in38. Is his action consistent ______ his principles?A. withB. inC. ofD. by39. A foreign firm has bought more than half of the shares in his company and ______.A. got over itB. overtaken itC. taken it overD. overcome it40. Some animals will modify their behavior to ______ their environment.A. adapt toB. adopt toC. suit toD. conform toPart III Writing (30 points)Directions: For this part, you are to write a composition on the title of Sending Kids to Study Abroad.You should write at least 400 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below.1．越来越多的家长把孩子送去国外读书2．这样做的好处和缺点3．我的观点。

北京科技大学2014年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题============================================================================================================= 试题编号： 357 试题名称：英语翻译基础（共 3 页）适用专业：翻译说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。

============================================================================================================= 一、英汉互译短语翻译（30分）IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency)GNP (Gross National Product)Gini coefficientcarbon taxresource recyclingquantitative easinggenetically modified foodurbanization ratio核心竞争力资源配置绿色增长可燃冰社交网络雾霾碳交易二、将下列段落译为汉语（25分）In 1992, Deng underscored the need to follow through on the “modernisation” course that he initiated in the 1980s and he emphasised the need for the economy to strengthen investment and become far more export-oriented. These policies, pursued by Deng’s successors, spurred extraordinary overall economic growth including the emergence from poverty into the mainstream of hundreds of millions of Chinese.Now, however, Xi and Li accept that the era of double-digit annual GDP growth has ended. They are building Communist Party support—and this is why the forthcoming plenary session is important—for rapid action on an economic agenda that they hope can deliver sustained annual growth of between 7 and 7.5 per cent. 三、将下列短文译为汉语（35分）Seven years ago Beijing’s government set a target of making the city a “liveable” one by 2020, with “fresh air and a beautiful environment”. Few praise its progress. Complaints abound about its congestion, pollution, desperate shortage of water and hugely expensive housing. Even in the state-controlled media, suggestions are sometimes made that it is time to build a new capital.Beijing has been Ch ina’s capital for most of the past 600 years. Since the Communist victory in 1949, the Chinese have been taught to revere the city as an embodiment of China’s power, the party’s might and their country’s glorious history. To propose a move strikes many as heretical. In recent years, however, some have broken ranks. In 2000 even China’s then Prime Minister, Zhu Rongji, joined the sceptics. The capital, he declared, might have to move if measures to curb its sandstorms failed.Since then officials have claimed some success in reducing the frequency of these lung-clogging calamities. But other problems have grown. Beijingers fed up with traffic gridlock sometimes pronounce the word “shoudu”, meaning capital, in a different tone so that it sounds like “the most congested”. For much of the year a grey blanket of pollutants shrouds the city. The rate of birth defects has doubled over the past decade. The environment is thought to be a contributory factor. Several scholars have suggested, in newspapers as well as online, that these and other problems would best be solved by relocating the central government.Beijing’s bureaucrats are unlikely to be persuaded. Their privileges, common to all those registered as Beijing citizens (ie, not migrants from other provinces), include readier access than most other Chinese have to some of the country’s best educational and medical facilities. Some local officials in places favoured by scholars as potential capital sites have been proclaiming their merits. But given the allure of Beijing’samenities, it is little wonder that the central authorities keep quiet.四、将下列段落译为英语（25分）今年是中国发展进程中不平凡的一年。

山东科技大学研究生英语考试课文中CASE译文及答案重点文章如下：P2, TEXT A;P46, TEXT A;P87,Additional Reading;P123，TEXT A;P180，TEXT B;P198,TEXT A;P296，TEXT A.黑色字体为case原文，红色字体为case理解答案Case 1(P16)A Canadian sales representative in Venezuela goes to a shipping office to arrange for the ongoing shipment of an order in transit from Quebec to another country.She is on time for her appointment ,but has to wait while the shipping agent serves a number of customers who are already in the office.When the Canadian’s turn finally comes,she explains what she needs,and the agent begins filling out the documentation for the shipment and discussing prices.At the same time the agent takes a phone call,responds to a question from a co-worker about schedules,and directs the faxing of a message about something else—in effect working on three other projects besides the Canadia’s,which makes the Canadian somewhat annoyed.一位加拿大在委内瑞拉的销售代表航运办公室安排过境订单来自魁北克的持续装运到另一个国家。

山东科技大学2014年招收硕士学位研究生入学考试基础英语试卷Part I Reading Comprehension (45 points)Section AIn this section there are three passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages carefully and then answer the questions. (30 points)Text AFor much of the world, the death of Richard Nixon was the end of a complex public life. But researchers who study bereavement wondered if it didn’t also signify the end of a private grief. Had the former president merely run his allotted fourscore and one, or had he fallen victim to a pattern that seems to afflict longtime married couples: one spouse quickly following the other to the grave?Pat, Nixon’s wife of 53 years, died last June after a long illness. No one knows for sure whether her death contributed to his. After all, he was elderly and had a history of serious heart disease. Researchers have long observed that the death of a spouse particularly a wife is sometimes followed by the untimely death of the grieving survivor. Historian Will Durant died 13 days after his wife and collaborator, Ariel; Buckminster Fuller and his wife died just 36 hours apart. Is this more than coincidence?“Part of the story, I suspect, is that we men are so used to ladies feeding us and taking care of us,” says Knud Helsing, an epidemiologist at the Johns Hopkins School of Public health, “that when we lose a wife we go to pieces, We don’t know how to take care of ourselves.” In one of several studies Helsing has conducted on bereavement, he found that widowed men had higher mortality rates than married men in every age group. But, he found that widowers who remarried enjoyed the same lower mortality rate as men who’d never been widowed.Women’s health and resilience may also suffer after the loss of a spouse. In a 1987 study of widows, researchers from the University of California, Los Angeles, and UC, San Diego, found that they had a dramatic decline in levels of important immune-system cells that fight off disease. Earlier studies showed reduced immunity in widowers.For both men and women, the stress of losing a spouse can have a profound effect. “All sorts of potentially harmful medical problems can be worsened,” says Gerald Davison, professor of psychology at the University of Southern California. People with high blood pressure, for example, may see it rise. In Nixon’s case, Davison speculates, “the stroke, although not caused directly by the stress, was probably hastened by it.” Depression can affect。

1.In a work cycle of the engine ,each piston goes through four-stroke processes:intakestroke ,compression stroke ;power stroke and exhaust stroke.这种内燃机每完成•个工作循环活塞需要经历四个冲程-■进气冲程，压缩冲程，作功冲程和排气冲程2.This terrific push against the piston forces it downward ,and a power impulse is transmitted through the connecting rod to the throw on the crankshaft.上述压力作用快速推动活塞，迫使其向下运动，同时通过连杆将力传递给曲轴的曲柄。

3.Valve mechanism of an internal combustion engine provides timely admission of the fresh charge into the cylinders and exhaust of spent gases from them. 一个内燃机的配气机构主要是适时地吸入新鲜混合气到气缸，并且及时地从气缸中排除尾气4.Valve mechanism includes valve group and valve driving group.The valve group includes valve, valve seat ,valve guide and valve spring.The valve driving group includes camshaft,lifter,pushrod,rocker arm,timing gear and so on.配气机构包括气门组和气门传动组气门组包括气门，气门座，气门导管和气门弹簧。

2014年山东科技大学357英语翻译基础考研真题(总分150,考试时间180分钟)词句翻译1. light heart2. milk the bull3. kill time4. the decimal system of counting5. fulfill our plan ahead of schedule6. fill someone with longing7. government aid8. a spring in every step9. a giant of a man10. the purchasing power11. 柳色青青12. 风姿翩翩13. 拉住我的胳膊14. 敌人的增援部队15. 人才外流16. 衣食住行17. 善与恶18. 工艺精湛19. 经贸领域20. 国际经济新秩序21. They worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased.22. I believe strongly that it is in the interests of my countrymen that Britain should remain an active and energetic member of the European Community.23. Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always **bined with other elements.24. 中国是世界上最早的文明古国之一，对人类文化的发展，曾做出了不可磨灭的贡献。

25. 这家工厂大搞技术革新，充分利用当地资源，生产出大量的、多种多样的药品。

2012年山东科技大学-357英语翻译基础山东科技大学2012年招收硕士学位研究生入学考试英语翻译基础试卷一、Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target language respectively. There are altogether 30 items in this part of the test, 15 in English and 15 in Chinese, with one point for each. (30 points)1. WTO2. SARS3. GPS4. PBOC5. ICJ6. ISO7. EU8. FIFA9. IPR10. International Monetary Fund11. most favored nations12. Genetic mutation13. Aids14. European Free Trade Association15. International Atomic Energy Agency16. 优惠关税17. 红白喜事18. 安居工程19. 保税区20. 不正之风21. 春运22. 第三产业23. 闭路电视24. 不良贷款25. 非处方26. 世界卫生组织27. 中国质量认证中心28. 运费价/到岸价29. 国际音标30.全国人民代表大会二、Directions: Translate the following two source texts into their target language respectively. If the source text is in English, its target language is Chinese. If the source text is in Chinese, its target language is English. (120 points)Source Text 1:A Water BridgeAcross Panama runs a world-famous “water bridge”, and that is the Panama Canal. Last summer vacation I went with my parents on a sightseeing tour along it, which is still fresh in my memory.Having got to Panama City by air, we boarded a pleasure boat in the port of Balboa and sailed into the canal. The boat traveled 13 km and reached the first group of water locks. The Panama Canal is thus a “water bridge” that allows ships to cross land by the opening and closing of water locks.We began “getting onto the bridge”. When the boat had sailed into the lock chamber, the steel gate, 2 meters thick, 20 meters high and wide and hundreds of tons in weight, slowly closed, and water began running into the chamber, which continued for a few minutes. The boat rose with the water and advanced slowly, pulled along by power cars along both banks. Two lifts like that raised the boat 16 meters. It sailed out of thelock across a small lake and came to the second group of locks, which raised the boat another 9.5 meters. In this way, the boat, now 26 meters above sea level, had got onto the “top of the bridge”. It saile d along the main channel, which stretched 13 km between beautiful hills as steep as if cut apart with a sword and covered with green trees and colorful flowers.The boat sailed out of the gorge and into the wide Gatún Lake, with white clouds and distant hills reflected in it and pretty isles passing into and out of sight. After a leisurely journey of 38 km on the lake, the boat came to the Gatún Locks, and there began its “descent down the bridge”. The Gatún Locks, three in number, looked like so many gigantic steps. After getting through the locks, the boat had descended to the same level as the surface of the Atlantic Ocean. The beautiful Caribbean Sea came into view as it sailed into the Limón Bay.We had come from the Pacific to the Atlantic, two great oceans separated by land but linked by the Panama Canal. The canal is 81.8 km in length and 150 to 304 m in width. Ships of 50,000 tons can pass it unimpeded all around the clock. It is truly worthy of the name of “the Bridge of the World”. Full of hearty praises am I for man’s wisdom and courage in transforming nature! I admire you, the people of Panama!The guide told us that the Panamanian people had high aspirations. On the one hand, they were working to improve the existent canal, and on the other hand, they were planning for an even longer one, which, it was estimated, would take 10 years to complete, and which would be the greatest project in man’s history. We look forward to its early completion.Source Text 2:信用卡信用卡可以使持卡人以赊账的方式购买商品，享受服务。

第一部分：英语语言学知识（共100分）一．Define the following terms, using examples where necessary.(每题2分，共20分)1.arbitrariness2.morphophonemics3.assimilation4.root5.converse antonymy6.paradigmatic relation7.interlanguage8.deep structure9.suprasegmental features10.concordance二．Multiple choice. (每题1分，共20分)1．Phatic is one of the language ______________.A. formsB. structuresC. patternsD. functions2. Diachronic linguistics is a study of language____________.A. in ancient timesB. in modern timesC. at different placesD. over a certain period of time3. __________is one of the suprasegmental features.A. StopB. V oicingC. DeletionD. Tone4. Narrow transcription is the phonetic transcription with__________.A. diacriticsB. distinctive featuresC. voicingD. articulation5. Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies_______, and of the rules by which words are formed.A. the external structure of wordsB. the internal structure of wordsC. the surface structure of wordsD. the deep structure of words6. _______ refers to a type of word-formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an imagined affix from a longer form already in the language.A. BorrowingB. Back-formationC. AcronymD. Analogical creation7. According to construction types, prepositional phrases such as “in the classroom” is regarded as a(n)____________construction.A. exocentricB. endocentricC. subordinateD. coordinate8. Semantics is ___________________.A. element of meaning which combine in different ways to make up the denotation ofdifferent lexical items.B. a general variable of universal grammarC. the study of meaning as encoded in language.D. the study of what people mean by language when they use it in the normal context of sociallife.9. If the study of meaning is conducted in the context of language use, a branch of linguistic study called ________comes into being.A. syntaxB. semanticsC. pragmaticsD. morphology10. Which of the following is not the concern of psycholinguistics?A. It aims to answer such questions as how the human mind works when we use language.B. It focuses on the way of processing the information we receive in the course ofcommunication.C. It pays more attention to the study of language acquisition in children.D. It relates the social norms that determine the type of language to be used in a certainoccasion.11. Error analysis is____________________.A. the analysis and diagnosis of errors of teaching methodsB. the analysis and diagnosis of errors of language learnersC. the analysis and diagnosis of errors of language acquisitionD. the analysis and diagnosis of errors of learning style preferences12. Every speaker has his own pet words and expressions and special way of expressing his ideas in language. This variety of individual users is called “___________”.A. social dialectB. regional dialectC. temporal dialectD. idiolect13. Dialectology is________________.A. the search for spatially determined differences in various aspects of languageB. the search for geographically determined differences in various aspects of languageC. the search for spatially and geographically determined differences in various aspects oflanguageD. the search for geographically determined differences in an aspect of language14. A speaker may change from one dialect to another according to his subject matter, the required formality and other factors in the course of communication. This linguistic behaviour isreferred to as __________________.A. bilingualismB. code-switchingC. dialectD. register15. _____________may be said to be equivalent to speaker’s meaning, contextual meaning, or extra meaning.A. Locutionary actB. Perlocutionary actC. Illocutionary forceD. Performatives16. The Indirect Speech Act was developed by ____________.A. John AustinB. LevinsonC. John LyonsD. John Searle17. Stylistics is _______________.A. varieties of language used by an individual appropriate to a level of formalityB. the study of how literary effects can be related to linguistics featureC. unit of sound consisting of a vowel (with or without consonants)D. fixed and prejudicial patterns of thought about kinds of people that are often mistaken18. The theoretical linguistic background of the audiolingual method is _____________.A. Latin grammarB. audiolingualismC. structuralismD. generative-transformational grammar19. Who first used the term “communicative competence” in deliberate contrast to Chomsky’s “linguistic competence”?A. SternB. AsherC. KrashenD. Hymes20. Functional linguistic is _____________________.A. the study of the forms of language in reference to their social function in communicationB. the study of language abstract forms of language and their internal relationC. the study of language use in its social contextD. the study of what people mean by language when they use it in the normal context of sociallife三. True or false questions. (每题1分，共15分)1．The traffic light system does not possess duality because there is only simple one to one relationship between signs and meaning.2. Phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics are branches of linguistics.3. The sound [p] in the word “expensive ” is pronounced as a voiceless consonant.4. Allophones are described in phonetic terms.5. An idiom consists of at least two words. Each has a single meaning and often functions as oneword. This is called structural stability.6. Partial conversion and full conversion are concerned with verbs when converted to nouns.7. Government is a type of control in which a word of a certain class determines the form ofothers in terms of certain category.8. An important difference between presupposition and entailment is that presupposition, unlikeentailment, is not vulnerable to negation. That is to say, if a sentence is negated, the original presupposition is still true.9. Pairs of words like good/bad, long/short, big/small are examples of converse antonyms.10. The term “accent” refers to differences between languages which are different in vocabulary,grammar and pronunciation.11. At the age of two, children can master the essentials of their mother tongue.12. Austin claims that there are two types of sentences: performatives and constatives.13. Text is a prosodic unit.14. Classified by different aims, there are four major types of test: aptitude test, attitude test,proficiency test and achievement test.15. An important contribution of the Prague School to linguistics is that it sees language interms of function.四．Give the description of the following sounds. (每题1分，共5分)1．[ s ]2. [g ]3. [ j ]4. [ p ]5. [ ]五．Work out the tree diagrams of the following ambiguities through IC analysis.(第1题3分，第2题2分，共5分)1. my small child’s cot2. Leave the book on the shelf.六．Answer the following questions briefly. (每题3分，共15分)1. What functions include in Halliday’s theory of metafunctions of language?2. What are endocentric construction and exocentric construction? Exemplify the two notions.3. What is Pro-form? Explain with examples.七．Discussions. (每题10分，共20分)1. Comment on how and why the following exchange of conversation violates the cooperative principle.A. Isn’t her new dress beautiful?B. The color is nice.2. Why can’t we have the English consonant clusters such as *hepl, *lupm, *rpay, *lkaps, or *wqick etc. in onset and coda positions? Explain with examples.第二部分 英美文学知识（共50分）一. “Crossing the Bar” is a poem by Alfred Lord Tennyson. It is thought that Tennyson wrote it as his own elegy, as the poem has a tone of finality about it. Read the last stanza of the poem and answer the two questions.For though from out our bourn of Time and PlaceThe flood may bear me far,I hope to see my Pilot face to faceWhen I have crost the bar.1. What does “crossing the Bar” mean? (5 points)2. Explain the implied meaning of “I hope to see my Pilot face to face” (5 points)二. The following is from Song of Myself, an American epic loosely following a quest pattern.I CELEBRATE myself, and sing myself,And what I assume you shall assume,For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.I loafe and invite my soul,I lean and loafe at my ease observing a spear of summer grass.3. Please comment on its style and ideas. (10 points)三. Read the following excerpt from Chapter XXIII, Jane Eyre and answer the questions that follow.“I grieve to leave Thornfield: I love Thornfield: - I love it, because I have lived in it a full and delightful life, - momentarily at least. I have not been trampled on. I have not been petrified. I have not been buried with inferior minds, and excluded from every glimpse of communion with what is bright and energetic and high. I have talked, face to face, with what I reverence, with what I delight in, - with an original, a vigorous, an expanded mind. I have known you, Mr. Rochester; and it strikes me with terror and anguish to feel I absolutely must be torn from you forever. I see the necessity of departure; and it is like looking on the necessity of death.”… …“I tell you I must go!” I retorted, roused to something like passion. “Do you think I can stay to become nothing to you? Do you think I am an automaton? - a machine without feelings? and can bear to have my morsel of bread snatched from my lips, and my drop of living water dashed from my cup? Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? You think wrong! - I have as much soul as you, - and full as much heart! And if God had gifted me with some beauty and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you. I am not talking to you now through the medium of custom, conventionalities, nor even of mortal flesh; - it is my spirit that addresses your spirit; just as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood at God's feet, equal, - as we are!”4. What are Jane’s chief concerns over her love of Rochester? (15 points)5. What feelings does she have for Rochester and why? (15 points)。

山东科技大学2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语翻译基础试卷I.Directions:Translate the following phrases into their target language respectively.There are altogether20phrases with one point for each in this part of the test.(20points)1.IOC2.OPEC3.NATO4.IMF5.UNICEF6.fair and square7.greenhouse effects8.blue chip9.science fiction10.light manners11.贸易顺差12.金融危机13.战略目标14.生态保护15.电脑病毒16.联合国秘书长17.全国人大18.条形码19.团圆饭20.象牙之塔II.Directions:Translate the following sentences into their target language respectively.There are altogether10sentences with3 points for each in this part of the test.(30points)21.It is a great pleasure to meet friends from afar.22.Each country,whether it is large or small,has right to determine its ownform of government and its own course of development,free of outsideinterference or domination.23.Only by being well acquainted with each other can we be free fromsuspicions,and only without suspicions can we always keep bosom friends with each other.24.The meetings were marked by such absence of lively discussions that attimes they were almost on the point of breaking up.25.E-commerce is a challenging and dynamic area where change,growth andinnovation are the norm.26.欧洲人的习惯随着超市、购物中心和汽车的增多，以及住房的现代化而发生了变化。