中考英语热点专题完形填空之说明文【专题导读】完形填空是全国中考中必考题型之一，而说明文是完形填空中常见的体裁之一。
说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通常结构严谨，句子结构复杂。
说明文是中考完形填空题中较难理解的一种文体。
常见的说明文有自我介绍、任务介绍（传记）、地方介绍、习俗介绍、节日介绍、方法（步骤）介绍，产品说明、实验报告、科普小品、读书报告、新闻报道等。
【中考要求】纵观近几年的中考试题，说明文阅读侧重对材料的理解、分析能力的考查，注重学生理解分析文本与链接材料的综合能力的考查。
完形填空说明文体具有知识的前沿性、客观性，由于其体验性较弱，生活的实感性不强，让说明文阅读时而变得生涩难懂。
A【2019 • 山西省中考】Grass is, of course a plant which grows in the field; a plant which some kinds of animals like to eat. When there has been plenty of ___1___, the grass is green. When the weather has been dry, the grass is brown. Animals like to eat grass when it is___2___and fresh. And if the grass in one place is greener than the rest, animals___3___to eat that grass. An animal in a field may look over the fence(篱笆) into the next field, where perhaps there are no animals and grass in the field____4____greener. But if the animal could get into the field, it would find that the grass is really the same. It just seems better from a distance(远处). So that’s the____5____of the expression ＂The grass is greener on the other side of the fence.＂We sometimes only say ＂The grass is___6___greener on the other side.＂We use the expression to describe the situation —someone looks at distant things and feels they are better than the things around him. But___7___he could go to the distant place, he would find that life there is just as difficult. So don’t always think that other people have a better situation. Just be___8___with what you have had. Enjoy and value it!1. A. rain B. snow C. sunlight2. A. green B. brown C. yellow3. A. refuse B. prefer C. agree4. A. smells B. tastes C. looks5. A. form B. meaning C. advice6. A. seldom B. sometimes C. always7. A. when B. because C. unless8. A. angry B. strict C. happyB 【2019 •湖北省襄阳市】For Pineda, it was a long way to succeed.His story began in El Salvador; where he was born with something wrong with his mouth. He had great ___1___ in speaking. At age 2, his family’s house burned down. Pineda was hurt ___2___, and his legs needed to be cut. His mother died when he was 8, and he ___3___ years on the streets before he was taken in by an orphanage(孤儿院). Finally, at the orphanage, Pineda began to receive support and encouragement. He taught himself to play the guitar. He began his___4___with other musicians. Then the group went to Chicago, where Pineda, then 18,____5____the attention of many people, who wondered what they could do to help him.A hospital offered him free medical care. A rich man agreed to___6___for Pineda’s tickets to and from El Salvador. When he was in the hospital, Pineda began___7___music, and wondered if he might be able to record his own album(音乐专辑)．Soon with the help of a musician, ＂The Sound of Gratitude(感激)＂was born. On October 15th, Pineda went to a Chicago club to___8___his new songs to strangers, and to the friends who had helped him come so far.It was ___9___that Pineda had come into such a good luck, after having so many years of hardship(艰难). ＂We have a___10___in El Salvador, ‘Suffer(受难）first, then enjoy. ‘ I guess that’s what’s happening. ＂he said.1. A. preparation B. difficulty C. development D. conversation2. A. politely B. wisely C. simply D. seriously3. A. spent B. used C. cost D. took4. A. speech B. education C. performance D. suggestion5. A. influenced B. caught C. refused. D. separated6. A. ask B. look C. pay D. wait7. A. writing B. lending C. selling D. praising8. A. learn B. lead C. find D. play9. A. freezing B. amazing C. outgoing D. embarrassing10. A. meeting B. crossing C. saying D. meaningC 【2019 • 甘肃省天水市】March 22 is World Water Day. It started in 1993. It not only makes us think about the importance of water, but also calls on（号召）us to 1 and protect water. Today, we’re facing terrible water problems. Among them, the wastewater problem is rather 2 , And the subject of World Water Day in 2017 is ＂wastewater＂.What is wastewater? It is used water. Usually, wastewater comes from homes, 3 , hospital and so on. It is produced by different kinds of activities, including washing machines, taking showers and using kitchens. The rain also 4 wastewater when it is running down the street during a storm. No matter where it comes from, this kind of water is sure to have 5 harmful in it.6 must we treat（处理）wastewater? Wastewater has a big influence in our lives. It causes both illness for us and pollution for the environment. We must care for our environment and our own7 .How can we treat wastewater? Different kinds of wastewater need different ways of treatment. Wastewater 8 homes can be reused. Then there will be 9 wastewater. Also, factory wastewater has to be cleaned 10 it goes back to nature.1. A. drink B. save C. carry D. watch2. A. easy B. popular C. small D. serious3. A. factories B. lakes C. rivers D. seas4. A. gets back B. hands in C. changes into D. picks up5. A. nothing B. something C. nobody D. somebody6. A. What B. Who C. Why D. How7. A. work B. interest C. health D. business8. A. on B. for C. with D. from9. A. less B. more C. better D. worse10. A. and B. whether C. after D. beforeD【2019 • 广州市中考】The first astronautsSince the earliest times, people have looked up at the stars, the moon and the planets. Today people use modern machines 1 at the sky. This is very different from the situation 2 years ago when people could only use their eyes. Perhaps they dreamed of 3 the universe.When did humans first go into space? The story began not so very long ago, 4 the first astronauts were not people-they were animals.Scientists wanted to make travelling to space as 5 as possible for humans. So they decided to experiment with animals and test 6 in spaceflights. Insects, mice, frogs, dogs and monkeys were some of the animals 7 first went into space. Many of them 8 , but they helped to make space travel safer for humans. For their great service, we 9 forget these animals.Albert Ⅱ was the first monkey to go into space in 1949. Sadly he died 10 his spaceship landed back on Earth.11 the result was different for Ham the Monkey. His story ended happily when he returned to earth12 very good health.Scientists wanted to know the answer to the important question: could 13 animal like Ham do the same things in space as he could do on Earth? The answer came when Ham 14 into space in 1961. Yes, he did everything well and lived for 15 16 years1. A. look B. to look C. looking D. looked2. A. thousand B. thousands C. thousand of D. thousands of3. A. explore B. to explore C. explored D. exploring4. A. as B. or C. but D. so5. A. safe B. safer C. safest D. the safest6. A. they B. them C. their D. theirs7. A. whom B. what C. that D. whose8. A. die B. died C. have died D. will die9. A. shouldn’t B. may not C. don’t have to D. needn’t10. A. if B. because C. after D. since11. A. Luck B. Lucky C. Luckier D. Luckily12. A. at B. on C. in D. for13. A. a B. an C. the D. /14. A. send B. sent C. is sent D. was sent15. A. another B. other C. others D. the othersE【2019 • 山东省烟台市】It’s March 12th. Li Li and Lin Tao are digging on a hill nor far from their school. In China, people across the country plant trees 1 on this day.The idea of planting trees was first put forward in 1911 by Sun Zhongshan, the great 2 in China’s history. He said more trees were needed as a 3 against flood(洪水) and drought. In 1915, April 5th was named as Tree Planting Day. Then, in 1979, the day 4 to March 12th, to 5 the date on which Sun Zhongshan died.＂Everyone has heard of the Great Wall of China,＂says Li Li. ＂But have you heard of the Green Wall ofChina? That’s the biggest tree planting 6 of all. ＂The Gobi Desert in the north of China was 7 every year. So in 1978, a tree planting project was started to 8 Gobi spreading. The government and local farmers have been planting millions of trees to build a great green ＂wall＂along the edge of the desert.＂Tree planting has become a tradition in China now,＂says Lin Tao. ＂Almost everyone does it on March 12th. Many people also plant a tree on a 9 day. My parents planted a tree when started school. And my cousin planted 10 on his wedding（婚礼）day. We do it for the environment and for ourselves.＂1. A. silently B. wisely C. completely D. actively2. A. artist B. engineer C. pioneer D. musician3. A. protection B. position C. preparation D. direction4. .A. taken B. decided C. changed D. given5. A. value B. remember C. express D. admire6. A. research B. survey C. project D. success7. A. growing B. appearing C. losing D. happening8. A. keep B. have C. help D. stop9. A. different B. special C. basic D. simple10. A. one B. that C. it D. thisF 【2019 • 四川省达州市】In the new sci-fi film. The Wandering Earth《流浪地球》，humans save the Earth without leaving it. In many ﹣even most﹣space﹣themed films, whenever Earth faces a disaster（灾难）, the 1 is always running away from the planet in spaceships.But the latest Chinese sci-fi movie, The Wandering Earth, offers a different and more ambitious idea. In the film，based on a short story by Chinese sci-fi writer Liu Cixin, Earth is in danger of being destroyed by the dying sun. In reply, humans around the world work 2 to build a huge engine system that will push Earth away from the dying sun. 3 giving up Earth﹣again﹣this time we’re taking it with us.This"ambition"didn’t come from nowhere，For thousands of years，"homeland" has had a soft point in 4 of Chinese people. One old idiom is "luoyeguigen"，which means returning to one’s homeland at the old age，like 5 leaves return to the roots of their trees. Or there is an ancient poem, "The season called the White Dew begins tonight：Nowhere as in our native place is the moon so bright". These 6 show the tight link that Chinese people have had with their homeland.This special cultural background is probably the key 7 separates The Wandering Earth fromHollywood-style space films."What is Chinese sci-fi?" Guo Fan, the film’s director, said in an interview. "A movie that can really 8 our cultural and spiritual view can be called Chinese sci-fi. Or, we’re just copying others and telling the same American stories. "And the makers of The Wandering Earth may have chosen the best time to tell its Chinese sci-fi story. The film was released on Feb 5th，the first day of Chinese New Year. It was a time when many people had just made the 9 journey back to their hometowns.So to them, there is only one possible way to tell the story. Earth 10 wherever humans go, because it’s our home forever.1. A. question B. solution C. problem D. difficulty2. A. together B. along C. with D. nearly3. A. Instead B. Instead of C. Rather than D. Rather4. A. body B. bodies C. mind D. minds5. A. falling B. fallen C. fell D. falls6. A. either B. none C. neither D. both7. A. that B. where C. what D. how8. A. express B. know C. tell D. report9. A. sadly B. sad C. hard D. hardly10. A. went B. go C. going D. goesG【2019 • 江苏省苏州市】Sometimes choosing where to eat in Suzhou is something of a challenge. No matter how___1___ the food tastes at a chosen restaurant, one may always wonder. "Is there anything better on the next street’?" However, I’ve found the ___2___ to thi s question. When I’m asked to name my favourite place to eat in Suzhou, I will reply ___3___. "Song He Lou Restaurant". Why is Song He Lou so special ___4___ hundreds of restaurants? Well, for me it comes down to a perfect balance of delicious food, pleasant atmosphere（氛围）and a near perfect location.Before coming to Suzhou, I was ___5___ by my friends from other cities in China that the food could be too sweet. For the first few months I chose to eat in Sichuan Or Hunan style restaurants instead of eating much ___6___ food. However, after falling in love with the city. I came to realize that the food is so closely ___7___ with its local culture. ___8___ I asked a local friend to recommend the best place to try real local style food. She came up withthe ___9___of Song He Lou.For a first-time visitor, "Song Shu Gui Yu" and "Xie Fen Tofu" am excellent ___10___.Suzhou has stow become my home and I have a lifetime to enjoy each and every dish on the menu.1. A. bad B. hot C. good D. cold2. A. attention B. excuse C. answer D. distance3. A. right away B. in surprise C. at most D. over there4. A. between B. against C. among D. beyond5. A. changed B. warned C. encouraged D. supported6. A. fresh B. local C. Chinese D. frozen7. A. connected B. covered C. compared D. charged8. A. Or B. But C. Yet D. So9. A. suggestion B. way C. money D. design10. A. conditions B. habits C. challenges D. choicesH【2019 • 湖南湘西苗族自治州】The Monkey King is the main character from the famous ___1___story Journey to the West. He is wonderful because he helps ___2___people.The Monkey King has a magic stick. He ___3___ it to fight bad people. He can ___4___ the stick big or small. He sometimes does not even look like a monkey. He can turn himself ___5___ different animals and objects. But unless he can hide his ___6___, he can’t make himself a human.___7___ he sees bad people, he thinks of ways to fight them. Children all over the world become ___8___ in reading this story.1. A. Chinese B. Japanese C. English2. A. safe B. strong C. weak3. A. has B. uses C. beats4. A. make B. made C. makes5. A. off B. on C. into6. A. hair B. tail C. head7. A. As soon as B. But C. Until8. A. interesting B. interested C. excitedI【2019 • 重庆中考B卷】Being street smart is an important skill to have and a good way to take care of yourself.Always carry your phone with you, but do not look at____1____while yon are walking. Be able to communicate or call for help is important, so keep a list of useful numbers. But put your phone away while you are walking so that you can keep your___2___up see what’s going on around. If you do need to check your phones,____3____and look at it quickly.Don’t wear earphones___4___you are out. If you have to___5___something when you’re out, use only one earphone or play it at a very low volumn(音量).Travel with___6___or family members when possible and never go an ywhere with a stranger. It’s___7___to be careful with strangers. Remember not to get into a stranger’s car if they call you over.___8___dark and out-of-the-way places. Do not take a short cuts through dark areas, even if it will make your trip much faster. If you have to go to unsafe places, go___9___someone you know or speak to someone over the phone while you are there.Run and shout if you feel unsafe. Run away as fast as you can towards a police station, hospital, on nearby business for____10____. Shout as loudly as you can to get the attention of people nearby.1. A. me B. it C. him D. her2. A. head B. nose C. hands D. arms3. A. walk B. run C. stop D. start4. A. though B. unless C. until D. while5. A. look for B. wait for C. listen to D. talk to6. A. parents B. brothers C. sisters D. friends7. A. important B. impossible C. boring D. interesting8. A. Find B. Avoid C. Visit D. Clean9. A. to B. for C. with D. without10. A. help B. drink C. money D. medicineJ 【2019 • 四川省成都市】As a police artist, Joe Brown draws pictures of suspects (嫌疑犯) when people tell him about the ___1___ of each suspect. Then, the police put the pictures in newspapers and on television to help ___2___ the suspects.His job is interesting but not ___3___, because different people describe the same person differently and sometimes many people don’t have good ___4___, especially the old. ＂The suspect is of medium height and young. He has long straight brown hair and big eye,＂an old woman says. Another woman says, ＂He’s tall and thin with blonde hair. He’s about thirty years old.＂In the end, the real ___5___ is a short heavy man and he has short brown hair.1. A. act B. personality C. appearance2. A. remember B. find C. describe3. A. easy B. exciting C. useful4. A. expressions B. methods C. memories5. A. artist B. criminal C. policeman。
