2020新译林版高一英语必修三第一单元语法讲解(讲练结合)

根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1．harm n．& v t.伤害，损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的2．long adj.长的，长时间的→length n．长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长3．survive v i.生存，存活v t.幸存，幸免于难→survival n．残存物；幸存事物→survivor n．幸存者；生还者4．disappear v i.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪→disappearance n．消失；失踪5．agriculture n．农业，农学→agricultural adj.农业的1．variety n．不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体①I was impressed by the variety of dishes on offer.不同种类②We want more variety in our work.变化，多样性③Apples come in a great many varieties.变种，变体2．living adj.活着的，活的；在使用的n．生计，谋生；生活方式①Father never talked about what he did for a living.生计②Chinese is one of the most beautiful languages that is living in the world.在使用的③He is the finest living pianist that I have ever seen.活着的Words and Phrases知识要点1harm n．& vt.伤害，损害(教材P1)The human race has done much harm.人类已经造成了许多危害。

[例1]What should be done to punish people who do harm to the animals?应该做些什么来惩罚那些伤害动物的人呢？[例2]Too much direct sunlight will harm the plants.过多的阳光直射会损害植物。

可编辑修改精选全文完整版牛津译林必修三Unit1 词汇全解1.harm 伤害，损害n. do harm to =be harmful toharmful effects害处短语搭配：cause ~引起伤害There is no harm in (sb’s) doing sth./It does no harm (for sb) to do sth.做某事没什么坏处。

He looks fierce, but he means no harm.他看上去很凶，但并无恶意。

The treatment they gave him did him more harm than good.他们的治疗弊大于利。

V. harm 伤害，损害2.overseas在海外，在国外=abroadThe product is sold both at home and overseas.外国的，海外的~ trade/visitors3.region地区，区域---regional区域的，地区的~ variations 地区差异4.length长度The room is twice the length of the kitchen.房间长度是厨房的两倍。

The river is 300 miles in length.这条河长300英里。

the length of time时间长短重点短语：at length/ at ...(length)length 长时间，详尽地We have discussed the matter at great length.go to any/some/great lengths (to do)竭尽全力，不遗余力5.biodiversity 生物多样性diversity 多样性diverse 多样的diversify 使...多样化6.variety不同种类a ~ of =varieties of 各种各样的He resigned for a variety of reasons.多样化We all need variety in our diet.我们都需要饮食多样化。

Unit1 Reading知识点精讲精练一、重点短语（reading部分）1. a sea of 大量的，大片的/alive with 充满，到处都是（活的或动的东西）【教材原句】Welcome to the jungle, a huge sea of green alive with the sounds of animal s. (P2)[译文]欢迎来到亚马孙雨林，这是一片绿色的海洋，到处都可以听到动物发出的声音。

[功能注释]这是一个简单句。

a huge sea of gree n alive with the sounds of animals是the jungle 的同位语。

【边学边练】选择sea的相关短语填空(1)He was when he began his new job.(2)The ship hit an iceberg and buried .(3)Last Sunday, the students in class two .a sea of 大量的，大片的[常见搭配]at sea 在茫茫大海上all at sea 茫然不知所措by sea 经海路by the sea 在海边go to the sea 去海滨(度假或野餐)go to sea 去当水手【经典例句】He looked down and saw a sea of smiling faces.他往下看，看到一片笑脸。

I'm all at sea. I can' t understand that proble.我简直是一片茫然,我无法理解这个问题。

【边学边练】从右栏中选择适当填空(1)He was the only man .(2)The are more important to us than the dead.(3)My mother bought a fish this morning.alive with 充满，到处都是（活的或动的东西）[易混辨析]alive/live/livingaive:活着的,活的,其反义词为dead,指生命从奄奄一息到精力旺盛的各种状态。

Unit1 Reading知识点精讲精练一、重点短语（reading部分）1. a sea of 大量的，大片的/alive with 充满，到处都是（活的或动的东西）【教材原句】Welcome to the jungle, a huge sea of green alive with the sounds of animal s. (P2)[译文]欢迎来到亚马孙雨林，这是一片绿色的海洋，到处都可以听到动物发出的声音。

[功能注释]这是一个简单句。

a huge sea of gree n alive with the sounds of animals是the jungle 的同位语。

【边学边练】选择sea的相关短语填空(1)He was when he began his new job.(2)The ship hit an iceberg and buried .(3)Last Sunday, the students in class two .a sea of 大量的，大片的[常见搭配]at sea 在茫茫大海上all at sea 茫然不知所措by sea 经海路by the sea 在海边go to the sea 去海滨(度假或野餐)go to sea 去当水手【经典例句】He looked down and saw a sea of smiling faces.他往下看，看到一片笑脸。

I'm all at sea. I can' t understand that proble.我简直是一片茫然,我无法理解这个问题。

【边学边练】从右栏中选择适当填空(1)He was the only man .(2)The are more important to us than the dead.(3)My mother bought a fish this morning.alive with 充满，到处都是（活的或动的东西）[易混辨析]alive/live/livingaive:活着的,活的,其反义词为dead,指生命从奄奄一息到精力旺盛的各种状态。

1. harm vt. & n.伤害→harmful adj.伤害的→harmless adj.无害的2.length倍数+the size/length/weight...+ofin length在长度上3.shelter4.various adj.各种各样的→vary v.变化→variety n.变化;种类→【同】different adj. 不同的，各种各样的→differ v. 不同，相异→difference n. 区别，不同5.Extinction6.survive vi.& vt.生存;挺过(难关)→survival n.幸存→survivor n.幸存者7.in turn 反过来，转过来语境串词选turn短语的合适形式填空(1) She refused to ____________ the noisy music when her neighbors wanted to sleep. The neighbors had no choice but ____________ the police for help.(2) It ____________ that the conference was held as scheduled. However, people without permission ____________ for the sake of safety. Telephones were forbidden, so whoever attended the meeting should ____________ their mobile phones. Suddenly, surrounded by several guards, the president ____________. She was so exciting that she ____________ the bottle of water in front of her. Everyone ____________ to see what happened. She stood up immediately and swore it was only a coincidence and nothing could ________ her _________ her country.【参考答案】(1) turn down; to turn to (2) turned out; were turned away; turn in; turn up; turned over; turn around; turn, against.8.break down 分解；故障break away (from...) 逃脱；脱离break in 打断，插嘴；强行闯入break into 强行进入；突然开始(笑、欢呼等)break off 使折断；突然终止；中断(谈话等)break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生，爆发break up 打碎；(关系)破裂；(会议等)结束break through 突破【即时训练】Ⅰ. 语法填空(1)The students are required to break _________ from these bad habits.(2)It was reported that the fire broke__________during the mid­night.(3)She broke __________ a piece of chocolate and gave it to me.(4)We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody had broken ________the office during the night.Ⅱ. 完成句子(5) Let’s break down the project into smaller parts in order to deal with them one by one.(6) If the car should break down on the way, you would have to walk back.(7) You will break down if you take on more work than you can.(8) News reports say peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached.【参考答案】 (1)away (2)out (3)off (4)into (5) 分解(6 出故障(7) 身体垮掉(8) 失败9.disappear vi.消失;失踪→disappearance n.消失→【反】appear vi.出现→appearance n.出现appearance n.外观；外貌;出现→appear v.出现；显得【反】disappearance n.消失→disappear v.消失；失踪10.due to= as a result of = because of+n. 因为11.Impact12.damage【温馨贴士】damage, destroy和ruin的用法区别damage:是程度较小的“破坏,损坏”,强调价值、用途降低或外表损坏等;一般指被破坏的物品可以重新修复。

译林版必修第一册Unit3单元语法--关系代词引导的限制性定语从句语法精析在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫定语从句。

被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。

关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句，同时指代先行词，并在从句中充当一定的句子成分。

关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种，关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose等；关系副词有when，where，why。

一、关系代词的用法1．who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。

The person who tricked me was one of my classmates.骗我的那个人是我的一个同学。

He is the man who I respect very much.他就是我非常尊重的那个人。

2．whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。

The old man (whom) the girl had tricked was my grandfather.女孩欺骗的那位老人是我的爷爷。

[温馨提示](1)关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who/that来代替。

The boy (who/whom/that) we saw yesterday was John’s brother.昨天我们看到的那个男孩是约翰的哥哥。

(2)在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时，用whom，不用who。

He is a man from whom we are all ready to learn.他是我们大家都准备向他学习的人。

3．which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。

The gold medal (which) she won has been given to her old school.她曾经获得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。

4．that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。

必修三Unit 1 Reading1.The world ( we live in) is full of natural wonders.(1)natural wonder 自然奇观wonder n.奇迹；奇观；奇妙之处<1> If you wonder about something, you think about it, either because it interests you and you want to know more about it, or because you are worried or suspicious about it.<2>I wondered what that noise was...<3>If you wonder at something, you are very surprised about it or think about it in a very surprised way.<4>He liked to sit and wonder at all that had happened...If you say that it is a wonder that something happened, you mean that it is very surprising and unexpected.<5>It's a wonder that it took almost ten years...(2)be full of 充满.......2.The documentary script below describes the Amazon rainforest, which is home to a wide range of wildlife.(1)documentary script 纪录片脚本(2)describe 描述-description(3)be home to ...的家园/栖息地(4)A wide range of .....各种各样的。

必修三Unit 1 Reading1.The world ( we live in) is full of natural wonders.(1)natural wonder 自然奇观wonder n.奇迹；奇观；奇妙之处<1> If you wonder about something, you think about it, either because it interests you and you want to know more about it, or because you are worried or suspicious about it.<2>I wondered what that noise was...<3>If you wonder at something, you are very surprised about it or think about it in a very surprised way.<4>He liked to sit and wonder at all that had happened...If you say that it is a wonder that something happened, you mean that it is very surprising and unexpected.<5>It's a wonder that it took almost ten years...(2)be full of 充满.......2.The documentary script below describes the Amazon rainforest, which is home to a wide range of wildlife.(1)documentary script 纪录片脚本(2)describe 描述-description(3)be home to ...的家园/栖息地(4)A wide range of .....各种各样的。

新译林版必修三全册语法归纳小结Unit 1省略运用省略手法，可以避免重复，使句子简练。

常见的省略现象有以下几种情况：1 在非正式场合，如果语境清晰，常省略主语或主语和动词。

如：(Are you) Ready?2 在简短对话中，答句常保留主语和助动词，省略其后主要动词以及上句出现过的其他内容。

如：—Did you go to the museum yesterday?—No, I didn’t (go to the museum yesterday).3 在并列句结构中，常省略与前面相同的主语、谓语或其他成分。

如：Peter entered the classroom and (Peter) sat at his desk.I like dancing but my brother (likes) singing.What I said made Jack happy but (what I said made) Jane angry.4 从属连词when、where、if、than 等后常用省略结构。

如：You should be careful when (you are) crossing the road.You need to make improvements where (it is) necessary.Please call me back if (it is) possible.I love English more than (I) ever (loved English).5 不定式作宾语或宾语补足语时，常省略to 后面的内容。

如：You don’t have to do it if you don’t want to (do it).You’d better not take medicine unless your doctor told you to (take medicine).在to be 或to have done 结构中，省略时往往保留be 或have。

必修三Unit 1 Welcome to the unit1.For most of history, man has had to fight nature to survive; in this century he is beginning to realize that, in order to survive, he must protect it.在历史大部分时间，人类不得不为了生存和大自然斗争；在本世纪，人们开始意识到，为了生存，必须保护大自然。

fight fight-fought-fought(1)战争；战斗in war/battle~ (against sb)打仗；战斗；作战My grandfather fought against the Fascists in Spain.我的祖父曾经在西班牙与法西斯分子作战。

（2）搏斗；打斗；打架to struggle physically with sbShe'll fight like a tiger to protect her children.她为了保护孩子，可以凶得像只老虎。

(3)~ sb/sth (for sth)参加（竞赛）；竞争to take part in a contest against sb[VN]to fight an election/a campaign参加竞选/ 争取权益的运动[V]She's fighting for a place in the national team.她正努力争取加入国家队。

(4）反对oppose极力反对；与…作斗争to try hard to stop, deal with or oppose sth bad[VN]to fight racism/corruption/poverty, etc.与种族主义、腐败、贫困等作斗争争取try to get/do sth（5）~ (for sth)努力争取；为…而斗争to try very hard to get sth or to achieve sth[V]He's still fighting for compensation after the accident.他还在力争事故后的赔偿。

2020新译林版高一英语必修三unit1重点短语归纳小结do harm to..对…造成伤害cut down砍倒;削减,缩小(尺寸、数量或数目)cut down trees砍树sound the alarm发出警报natural wonder自然奇观documentary script纪录片脚本a wide range of..各种各样的…judging from/by...根据…判断natural treasure大自然珍宝a sea of大量的，大片的alive with充满，到处都是(活的或动的东西)play a significant role/part in...在……中起着重要的作用，在……中扮演重要角色maintain the fine balance of...保持…的微妙平衡with an area of...面积为…more than超过；很，非常in length在长度上provide sth. for...为…提供某物a variety of各种各样的a system of roots 根系tree root树根living things生物close to extinction近乎灭绝food chain 食物链feed on...以…为食in turn相应地,转而an army of..一大批…break down使分解be poor in nutrients 缺少养分cattle farming养牛be known as...被称作…breathe life into...给……带来起色,注入活力agricultural land农田treasure house n.宝库,宝地have an impact on..对…有影响go away离开;消失for one thing..., for another (thing)….首先……，再者…on (the) one hand ..., on the other (hand)….意为"一方面……，另一方面…a hot/mild/warm/wet climate 炎热的/温和的/温暖的/潮湿的气候build up (使)逐渐增加，(使)扩大take in在此意为“吸收”。

新译林必修三U1语法省略句语法总结+练习一、简单句中的省略省略心照不宣的内容二、并列句中的省略省略相同的位语动词三、复合句种的省略1.状语从句省略主语+be2.限定性定语从句中的省略(省略做宾语的关系代词that which whom )3.宾语从句中的省略(省略连接词that )宾语从句常省略连接词that,但是有两个并列的宾语从句时，第二个that不能省略。

4.宾语从句中的省略在含有表示坚持、命令、建议、要求等词语后面的名词性从句中使用should +动词原形。

表示虚拟语气5.省略名词性从句或从句的部分用not ,so, neither, nor 替代四、动词不定式中省略to1.当两个或两个以上的不定式并列时，第一个不定式带to,后面的不定式结构可省去to.He told me to finish my homework and (to ) hand it in.2.感官动词(词组)see, look at, hear, listen to , notice, watch 等和使役动词make, let , have 等后面接不定式做宾补时要省略to; to不可能省。

I saw him enter the room just mow. ( He was seen to enter the room k=just now.)3.用作but的宾语的不定式，but前有动词to的某种行驶时，后面的不定式要省略to.I can do nothing but wait.注意：如果不定式后接be或完成式时，省略剧中往往保留be或have.Are you a teacher in a university?No, but I wish to be (a teacher in a university)随堂专练：1.Tom wanted to play football with his friends in the street, but his father told himA . not toB . not to doC . not do itD . do not to2.—Do you think Jack is going to watch a football match this weekend?——. I believe soA . I believe notB . I believe not soC . I don,t believe itD . I don't believe3.一What do you think made the girl so glad?——a beautiful necklace.A . As she receivedB . ReceivingC . ReceivedD . Because of receiving4. Father advised me not to say anything until at the meeting.A . askingB . to askC . askedD . ask5.—Have you watered the flowers?-No, but.A . I amB . I,m goingC . I,m just going toD . I will go6. —He hasn,t gone to the office up to now.一Well, he.A.shouldB.ought toC.ought to goD.ought to have7.一The war is very likely to break out in the near future.一I, if the situation goes as it is.A.hope soB.hope notC.am afraid notD.am afraid so8.一You ought to have given them some advice.—:, but who cared what I said?A . So ought youB . So I oughtC . So I didD . So did you9. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if.whether he was going in the right direction. A.seeingB.having seenC.to seeD.to have seen10..he come, the problem would be settled.A.WouldB.ShouldC.ShallD.If11.一Can I see you at 3:00 pm next Monday?一I. I will have flown to New York long before then.A.am afraid notB.am afraid soC.am afraid toD.am afraid not to12. 一Is that a book on farming? If so, I want to borrow.—Yes, it is.A.thisB.itC.oneD.the one1 3., I will help you with your work.A . If am possibleB . If it possibleC . If possibleD . Possible14.一How are you getting on with your work?一Oh, I,m sorry. Things aren,t going so well as.A.plansB.planningC.plannedD.to plan15.一Are you a volunteer now?一No, but I. I worked for the City Sports Meeting last year.ed toed to beed to doD.was used to综合专练：1.The boy wanted to ride his bike in the street, but his mother told him.A. not toB. not to doC. not do itD. do not to2.The traditional goal of science is to discover how things are, not how they ought.A. toB. to beC. beD. have been3.---Did you work in the lab every afternoon?---No, but sometimes, I wish I.A. had time toB. had time to doC. have time toD. have time 虚拟语气用过去表示现在4.---I hope the children won,t touch the dog.----I,ve warned them.A. notB. not toC. not touchD. not do5.Some students are going to China in summer vacation, and.并列句中的省略省略相同谓语going是谓语动词不是将来时to是介词表示目的A. some are to AmericaB. some going to AmericaC. some to AmericaD. some America6.The workers did all good care of the old man.A. they could to takeB. they could takeC. which they could to takeD. what they could to take7.Of all the things in the world, I think life and love are.A. very much preciousB. more than preciousC. the preciousestD. the most precious8.The photographs of other planets taken by satellite are clear than.A. the earthB. those taken from the earthC. those of the earthD. of the earth9.why? It is not very serious.A. to worryB. worryC. not worryD. you are worried10.the road, don,t forget to look both ways.A. As crossingB. While you crossC. While crossingD. Cross11.Chemistry is the science of substances the science of energy.A. and is physicsB. or is physicsC. and physicsD. or physics is12.-Who broke the window?A. HimB. HeC. He brokeD. It is him13.---Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.---Why? John is sitting there doing nothing.A. himB. heC. ID. me14.---How do you find your missing pen?A. Quite by accidentB. I found it in my drawer.C. It writes wellD. It was well kept by myself.15.---You must obey every word of mine.—-I don,t.?A. How ifB. What ifC. Such asD. Only if16.When, the museum will be open to the public next year.A. completedB. completingC. being completedD. to be completed17.The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if whether he was going in the right direction.A. seeingB. having seenC. to have seenD. to see18.I won,t go to his party next time. It couldn,t have been in fact.A. any betterB. any worseC. so badD. the best19.---Does Bill do his new job well?---his old job. I am afraid there is no hope for him.A. Not better thanB. No better thanC. Not so well asD. Not as well asA前者不比后者好”，意味着“最多一样好” B “两者都不好”。

Book 3 Unit 1 Nature in the balanceGrammar and usageEllipsis一、教学目标By the end of this section, students will be able to:1. learn about the functions of ellipsis;2. summarize the general rules of ellipsis;3. apply the rules of ellipsis in the new cont ext.二、教学重难点1. To understand the functions and structures of ellipsis;2. To apply the rules of ellipsis in the new context.三、教学过程步骤教学活动设计意图互动时间/模式Lead-inStep 1 The teacher asks students whether they have ever watched any TV programmes about environmentalprotection and if yes, encourages the students to tellwhat it is about. Students share with their classmatesthe TV programs they once watched aboutenvironmental protection. Students are encouraged tokeep down the themes of the TV programs. Forexample, it was about air pollution; it was about theextinction of rare animals; it was about globalwarming …由单元话题导入本课语法项目，活跃课堂气氛，在呈现目标语法知识之前提供引导性的语料。

新译林Book3 Unit 1 词汇讲解1. harm n.&vt. 伤害，损害→harmful adj. 伤害的→harmless adj. 无害的(1). n. 伤害，损害。

常见搭配do sb./sth. harm 对某人/某物有害do harm to...对……有害There is no harm in doing sth=It is no harm to do sth 做某事是个好主意/没有坏处Excessive drinking will do you a lot of harm. 饮酒过度非常不利于健康。

The typhoon did great harm to the rice crop. 那次台风对稻谷的收成造成很大的损害。

(2).伤害；损害。

常见搭配：harm one's reputation/image 损害某人的声誉/形象What he did did harm to his image. 他的所作所为的确损害了他的形象。

归纳拓展:(1). harmful adj.有害的be harmful to对……有害(反义短语：be good for对……有好处)Your smoking can be harmful to the health of your children. 你吸烟对你的孩子们的健康有害。

(2). harmless adj.无害的be harmless to...对……无害(3). harmlessly ade.无害地；无恶意地巩固练习：1.单句语法填空(1). Staring at the screen of the computer for a long time will do harm ________ your eyes.(2). Scientists do not know how much and what kinds of noises are ___________ (harm)to ocean animals.(3). The treatment did him more than good, though the doctor insisted it was __________ .(harm)2.一句多译:在强光下读书会对你的眼睛造成伤害。

2020新译林版高一英语必修三第一单元语法讲解（讲练结合）【单元语法】省略省略的应用应用语境感知边学边练一在简单句中的应用1.祈使句的省略。

在祈使句中通常省略主语。

(You)Do be careful of such things in thefuture.今后一定要小心此类事情。

(You)Speak a little slower. I can't followyou.你讲慢一点,我听不清楚。

2.在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分。

(Is there) Anything else?(还有)其他东西吗?3.疑问句的答语省略。

为避免重复而省略疑问句的答语,这也是常见的一种句式省略。

—Are you a student? ——你是一名学生吗?—Yes,I am (a student). ——是的,我是(一名学生)。

4.感叹句的省略。

目的是突出感叹的部分。

What a beautiful girl (she is)!(她是)多漂亮的女孩呀!(1)单句语法填空①(天津高考政编)- Mary's been offered a job in a university,but she doesn't want to take it.—But ? It's a very good chance.(2)写出下列句子的省略部分②( )Any questions?③—Are yo tired?—Yes, I am( ).④ What a hot day( )!二在并列句中的应用在并列句中,如果后面的分句与前面的分句有相同的部分,后一部分则常被省略掉,以免重复。

He teaches English and his brother(teaches) maths.他教英语,他弟弟教数学。

Your advice made me happy, but (your advice made)Tom angry.你的建议使我高兴但使汤姆生气。