大学有机化学英文版答案共21页
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第二章 饱和脂肪烃2.1 用系统命名法(如果可能的话,同时用普通命名法)命名下列化合物,并指出(c)和(d) 中各碳原子的级数。
a.CH 3(CH 2)3CH(CH 2)3CH 3C(CH 3)22CH(CH 3)2 b.C H C H CH H C H HC H CHHc.CH 322CH 3)2CH 23d.CH 3CH 2CHCH 2CH 3CHCH CH 2CH 2CH 3CH 3CH 3e.C CH 3H 3C CH 3Hf.(CH 3)4Cg.CH 3CHCH 2CH 32H 5h.(CH 3)2CHCH 2CH 2CH(C 2H 5)21。
答案:a. 2,4,4-三甲基-5-正丁基壬烷 5-butyl -2,4,4-trimethylnonane b. 正己 烷 hexane c. 3,3-二乙基戊烷 3,3-diethylpentane d. 3-甲基-5-异丙基辛烷 5-isopropyl -3-methyloctane e. 2-甲基丙烷(异丁烷)2-methylpropane (iso-butane) f. 2,2-二甲基丙烷(新戊烷) 2,2-dimethylpropane (neopentane) g. 3-甲基戊烷 3-methylpentane h. 2-甲基-5-乙基庚烷 5-ethyl -2-methylheptane 2.2 下列各结构式共代表几种化合物?用系统命名法命名。
a.CH 3CHCH 32CH3CH 3CH 3 b.CH 3CH3CH 2CHCH 3CH CH 3CH 3c.CH 3CH 3CH CH 3CH 3CH CH 3CH 3d.CH 3CHCH 2CHCH 3CH 3CH H 3CCH 3e.CH 3CH CH CH 2CH CH 3CH 333f.CH 3CH CH 3CH CH3CH 3CHCH 33答案:a =b = d = e 为2,3,5-三甲基己烷c = f为2,3,4,5-四甲基己烷2.3 写出下列各化合物的结构式,假如某个名称违反系统命名原则,予以更正。
2011年有机化学自测题(英文版-中英对照)1、对于有机物 CH 3CH=C=CH 2, 请指出每个碳的杂化方式(从左至右).A. sp 3 sp 2 sp 2 sp 2B. sp 3 sp 2 sp sp 2C. sp 3 sp 2 sp spD. sp 3 sp sp sp 2. 属于亲电试剂的是: A. HNO 3 B. NaHSO 3C. H 2N -NH 2D. HCN 3. 属于亲核试剂的是:A. Br 2B. NaHSO 3C. H 2SO 4D. HCl4. 下列哪个取代基可以活化芳香环? A. —COOHB. —NO 2C. —OCH 3D. —SO 3H5. 不能发生碘仿反应的是:A. B. C. D.CH 3 C CH 3OCH 3CH 2OHC 6H 5CHOCH 3C-C 6H 56. 不存在几何异构(顺反异构)的是:CH 3CH=CHCH 3C 6H 5CH=CHBrA. B. D.C.ClCl ClClCl7. 具有芳香性的化合物是:ON HA.B.C.D.8. 用字母标记的碳碳键中,键长最长的是:A.aB. CH 3 CH CH 2bC. CH 3 C CHcD.CH 3 CH 3d9. 最稳定的碳正离子是:CH 3 C CH 32+CH 3 CH CH 3+A. B.CH 3 CH 2+C.CH 3+D.10. 能与亚硝酸作用生成黄色油状物的物质是:A. B. C. D.CH 3CH 2NH 2(CH 3CH 2)2NH(CH 3CH 2)3NNH 211. 最易溶于水的是:OHCH 3CHCH 2CH2OHA.B.C.E.3CH 2-CH -CH 212. 通常情况下不能与硝酸银反应生成氯化银的物质是: 13. 下列哪种物质不能和酰氯、酸酐、酯类通过亲核的酰基取代反应形成酰胺?A. (苯胺)B. (C 2H 5 )3NC. C 2H 5NHCH 3D. (C 2H 5 )3C-NH 2 14. 下列哪种试剂不能与2,4-戊二酮(乙酰丙酮)反应? (A) Na(B) Br 2(C) NaHSO 3(D) NaHCO 315. 具有p-π共轭体系的是:A. 1,3-butadieneB. ClCH=CHCH 2CH 3C. +CH 2CH=CH 2D.CH 2=CH-CH 2CH=CH 2 16. 具有p-π共轭体系的是:A. benzaldehydeB. 1,3-cyclohexadieneC. ClCH=CH 2D. ClCH 2CH=CH 2 17. 下列芳香环上的取代基,属于邻-对位定位基的是: A. -CHOB. -SO 3HC. -CH=CH 2D. -CN18. 碱性最强的是: A. CH 3C -Cl B. (CH 3)3C -Cl C. CH 2=CHCHCH 3D.ClA. NH 3B.(CH 3)2NHC. C 6H 5NH 2D. CH 3CONH 219. 碱性最弱的是20. 酸性最强的是COOHNO 2COOHCOOHH 3CA.B.C.D.OH21. 能用作路易斯碱的是:A. BF 3B. H 2SO 4C. Br +D. CN -22. 下列哪个化合物分子中同时包含有1°, 2°, 3° 和 4° 碳原子?A. 2, 2, 3-trimethylbutane 2,2,3-三甲基丁烷B. 2, 2, 3-trimethylpentane 2,3,3-三甲基戊烷C. 2, 3, 4-trimethylpentane 2,3,4-三甲基戊烷D. 3, 3-dimethylpentane 3,3-二甲基戊烷 23. 下列哪种碳水化合物能被溴水氧化? A. 果糖B 蔗糖C.葡萄糖D. 纤维素24. 下列哪个构象最稳定?CH 3H HH H 3CH 3HHCH 3H H 3C HH CH 3H H 3C HH HH CH 3A. AntiB. EclipsedC. GaucheD. Eclipsed25. 稳定性大小排序正确的是:H 3CCH(CH 3)2H 3CCH(CH 3)2(a)(b)3CH(CH 3)2H 3CCH(CH 3)2(c)(d)A. a>b>c>dB. d>a>b>cC. d>b>c>aD. d>c>a>b 26. 在单分子亲核取代反应中活性最高的是:A.methyl bromide 甲基溴B. ethyl bromide乙基溴C. 3-bromo-2-methylbutane 3-溴-2-甲基丁烷D. 2-bromo-2-methylbutane 2-溴-2-甲基丁烷27. 在双分子单核取代反应中活性最高的是:A.methyl bromide 甲基溴B. ethyl bromide乙基溴C. 3-bromo-2-methylbutane 3-溴-2-甲基丁烷D. 2-bromo-2-methylbutane 2-溴-2-甲基丁烷28.学生们在使用泰利(Thiele )毛细管法测定萘的熔点实验中,记录了如下测定结果。
有机化学英文版课后练习题含答案Organic chemistry is the study of carbon-based compounds, which are found in everything from your food and medicine to the plastics in your car. It is an important subject in the field of chemistry and is usually taught at the university level. In this article, we will introduce some organic chemistry practice questions with answers, which can be used by students to practice and improve their knowledge of the subject.Question 1Draw the structure of 2-methyl-1-butene.Answer:2-methyl-1-butene structure2-methyl-1-butene structureQuestion 2Write the condensed formula for 2,4-dimethylheptane.Answer:The condensed formula is C9H20.Question 3Write the IUPAC name for CH3CH2CH2C(CH3)2CH3.Answer:The IUPAC name is 3,3-dimethylpentane.Question 4What is the functional group of butanoic acid?Answer:The functional group is a carboxyl group (-COOH).Question 5Which compound is more acidic: ethanol or acetic acid?Answer:Acetic acid is more acidic than ethanol because the presence of the carboxyl group in acetic acid makes it more acidic than ethanol.Question 6What is the mechanism of the reaction between ethene and hydrogen to form ethane?Answer:The mechanism is a catalytic hydrogenation reaction, which involves the addition of hydrogen to the carbon-carbon double bond in ethene to form ethane.Question 7What is the effect of increasing the size of the alkyl group on the boiling point of alkanes?Answer:Increasing the size of the alkyl group increases the boiling point of alkanes because larger molecules have stronger van der Waals forces of attraction, which require more energy to break.Question 8What is the difference between an electrophile and a nucleophile?Answer:An electrophile is an atom or molecule that is attractedto electrons and accepts a pr of electrons from another molecule during a chemical reaction. A nucleophile is an atom or molecule that has a lone pr of electrons and donates a pr of electrons to another molecule during a chemical reaction.Question 9What is the difference between an alkane and an alkene?Answer:An alkane is a hydrocarbon that contns only single bonds between carbon atoms. An alkene is a hydrocarbon that contns at least one carbon-carbon double bond.Question 10What is the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated hydrocarbon?Answer:A saturated hydrocarbon contns only single bonds between carbon atoms and is therefore。