2020门头沟高三英语一模阅读理解带答案精校版

门头沟区2020年高三年级综合练习高三英语2020．3第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。

在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

ABasketball hero Kobe Bryant's death has drawn an outpouring of shock and sadness across China. Basketball fans in China are now sad after learning that the former Los Angeles Lakers' 18-time NBA All Star had died at the age of 41 in a helicopter crash 1 Sunday in California. Bryant was among nine people on board, 2 (include) his 13-year-old daughter Gianna, who all died in the disaster 3 occurred in the heavy fog.BThe shadow puppet play Monkey King and Coronavirus(冠状病毒), 4 (create) by the Beijing Longzaitian Shadow Puppet Theater, 5 (broadcast) online since February 14 with nearly 5 million hits on the internet. In the show, the Monkey King hears about the novel coronavirus outbreak, so 6 (him)goes to Wuhan, the capital city of Central China's Hubei province 7 (fight) the disease.CLocated in the southern part of Beijing, the Temple of Heaven is a magnificent complex of fine cultural buildings set in gardens and surrounded by historic pine woods. It has been one of the most significant 8 (place) for the whole country for more than five centuries. It 9 (serve) as a complex of sacrificial buildings for the Ming and Qing emperors, and is the 10 (large) one in Beijing among several royal sites.第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

门头沟区2024年高三年级综合练习英语 2024.3第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节 (共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

I was preparing for dinner with my husband when our daughter Rikki stormed into the sitting room and marched to the sofa. I glanced out of the window and saw our neighbor Lexi walking slowly back to her house with her head down, looking so 1 .“Why didn’t Lexi stay longer?” I asked her.“I don't want to play with her,” Rikki complained, “I wish she would stop coming over here all the time. Her dress looks terrible and smells disgusting. Everyone in our class chooses to 2 her.”“That’s not her 3 , Rikki. Maybe she doesn’t have anyone to help her.” I said.“You see, baby,” her father began to say, “I really know how she felt when you showed your 4 to her because I had the same experience when I was a kid. I was the poor kid with hand-me-down clothes, the kid who others looked down on. That 5 never goes away.” He told her he wanted her to be kind and 6 , not judgmental and hurtful. Tears were streaming down her face.Then we 7 Lexi to come over and have dinner with us. I remembered Lexi coming in all smiles. We gathered together and soon I saw the girls talking and 8 .They had a great time. I could even see a sweet glow in Rikki's eyes.Rikki began to think 9 from that day on. Lexi came over a few times after that. They became good friends.Today, Rikki has a heart of gold. She is always the first to welcome those whomothers might 10 and is generous in helping others. I truly believe that day made a major difference in the person she has become today.1. A. funny B. upset C. relaxed D. silly2. A. punish B. inspire C. respect D. ignore3. A. habit B. attitude C. fault D. quality4. A. coldness B. selfishness C. strictness D. nervousness5. A. dream B. thought C. feeling D. smell6. A. honest B. curious C. normal D. helpful7. A. assumed B. invited C. reminded D. warned8. A. laughing B. arguing C. crying D. shopping9. A. actively B. creatively C. professionally D. differently10. A. worry about B. turn away C. depend on D. communicate with第二节 (共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 共15分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。

2020西城一模It was late, about 10:15 p.m., when Janice Esposito arrived at the Bellport train station; she jumped into her Honda Odyssey and began the 20-minute drive home to her husband and seven-year-old son. She’d just returned from visiting her mother and had traveled the route many times before. She practically 11 on autopilot: a left onto Station Road, then a left on Montauk Highway, and then—wham! Out of nowhere a car T-boned Esposito’s minivan, 12 her to move backward some 100 feet onto the railroad tracks. She 13 in the minivan, bruised ( 撞伤) but mostly just knocked out by the 14 and the airbags.As it happened, Pete DiPinto was getting ready for 15 . He’d just closed his book and was getting under the covers when he heard the sound of metal on metal and breaking glass coming from not far outside his bedroom window. A volunteer 16 and retired teacher, DiPinto, 64, never 17 to think. He grabbed a flashlight and, still dressed in his pajamas (睡衣), ran out the door. “Any firefighter would have done what I did,” he told Newsday. “We’re always on 18 .”The first car he came upon, 2,000 feet from his front yard, was the one that had 19_ Esposito. Once DiPinto concluded the driver was OK, he looked around and 20Esposito’s minivan positioned on the railroad tracks. And then he heard a terrible sound: the bells signaling an oncoming 21.“The gates were starting to come down,” he told Newsday. “I see the headlight of the train.” DiPinto ran quickly to Esposito’s minivan and knocked on the driver’s side window. She 22 looked at him, her eyes unfocused. “I don’t know where I am,” she said. She seemed unhurt. “Honey, you’re on the railroad 23 ,” DiPinto shouted. “We have to get you off right now!” He pulled hard on the 24 , but the door was crashed in and 25 . The heavy diesel train, traveling at 65 miles per hour, was moving fast toward them. DiPinto ran to the passenger side and threw open the 26 . “Please, don’t let her be 27 ,” he thought. He pushed aside the deflating ( 瘪了的) airbags, grabbed Esposito’s arms, and 28 her toward him across the passenger seat until he could help her out and quickly get her to 29 behind a signal box a few feet away. Within six seconds, he estimated, the train crashed into the minivan. “It was like a Hollywood movie,” DiPinto told reporters the next day.But this one had a twist. “Last night,” South Country Ambulance chief Greg Miglino toldCBS New York, “the 30___ arrived in pajamas, not in a fire truck.11. A. drove B. walked C. rode D. hiked12. A. allowing B. forcing C. ordering D. reminding13. A. sat B. stood C. hid D. waited14. A. action B. noise C. impact D. bomb15. A. class B. work C. dinner D. bed16. A. doctor B. driver C. firefighter D. engineer17 A. stopped B. troubled C. intended D. wanted18. A. duty B. time C. target D. schedule19. A. warned B. caught C. hit D. followed20. A. observed B. spotted C. realized D. predicted21. A. train B. truck C. car D. ambulance22. A. yet B. just C. still D. even23. A. yards B. stations C. bridges D. tracks24. A. belt B. key C. bell D. handle25. A. unlocked B. jammed C. open D. gone26. A. bag B. door C. book D. box27. A. scared B. ignored C. trapped D. defeated28. A. carried B. rushed C. guided D. pulled29. A. return B. work C. safety D. life30. A. police B. actor C. reporter D. hero2020海淀一模I was 11 when I asked my mum for piano lessons. We were in an economic crisis and she'd recently been 11 off. She said a polite “no".That didn't 12 me. I drew a keyboard onto a piece of paper and stuck it on my desk. I would 13___notes on an online keyboard and "play" them back on my paper one—keeping the sound they made on the computer in my head. I spent six months playing without 14 a real piano. As my mum found I was 15 about it, she bought me 10 lessons with borrowed money.I still remember the first one. I was 16 by how organic the sound of the piano was, as I had become familiar with the 17 electronic sound. The teacher was trying to explain where middle C was, but I could 18 play all the major and minor scales.I 19 my grade one after eight lessons and got distinction. By the time I started secondary school, we couldn't20 lessons again, so I returned to my paper keyboard. I passed grade three, then grade five, practising only on my piece of paper.For the grades above that, there’ s an 21 that you add a certain sensitivity into your playing. The music teacher at my school said I could practise on the school's grand piano. I would wake up at 5:30 am to get there in time and play until lessons started. I'd 22 lunch and then practise after school until the caretaker kicked me out. At home, I'd have dinner, do three hours of revision, and then 23 practice until 1:00 am.My school didn't offer music A-level. I found the Purcell School for young musicians. The audition （试镜）was extremely24 , and I felt overwhelmed. To my amazement, I was offered a25 .I had been told I had started playing too 26 to reach conservatoire （音乐学院）level, but when I left Purcell, I was awarded the senior piano prize. That was the point when I realized I wasn't behind everyone else. I am now at the Guildhall School in London, where I was offered a scholarship. I feel 27 : ifs been 10 years since I drew my paper piano and I'm at one of the world's 28 conservatoires.The irony is that I continue to do a lot of my practice away from the piano~what we call mental practice. It 29 key areas of the mind that are less readily accessed by piano playing alone. The paper piano helped stimulate my 30 about how music works.11. A. laid B. pushed C. dropped D. knocked12. A. annoy B. bother C. embarrass D. discourage13. A. take B. sign C. click D. compose14. A. seeing B. touching C. enjoying D. choosing15. A. serious B. careful C. hesitant D. nervous16. A. struck B. puzzled C. comforted D. inspired17. A. natural B. artificial C. practical D. magical18. A. only B. still C. hardly D. already19. A. sat B.joined C. failed D. repeated20. A. offer B. teach C. afford D. observe21. A. attitude B. expectation C. opinion D. opportunity22. A. avoid B. miss C. save D. skip23. A. social B. mental C. mechanical D. physical24. A. fascinating B. motivating C. frightening D. challenging25. A. course B. reward C. place D. certificate26. A. soon B. late C. hurriedly D. suddenly27. A. proud B. lucky C. ambitious D. grateful28. A. grand B. strict C. leading D. expensive29. A. builds B. covers C. defines D. unlocks30. A. prediction B. memory C. curiosity D. imagination2020朝阳一模Gidda’s TeamThe door closed behind Malik, making Mama look up from the hot meal. “Just in time for dinner. Will you 11 Gidda, please?”Gidda was staying in Malik’s bedroom. He didn’t 12 giving up his room for his 82-year-old grandmother at first. But then she didn’t leave. Malik 13 over her suitcase on the floor. “Sorry,” Gidda said. “I’m just a nuisance(讨厌的人) here. I’m 14 .” Malik didn’t answer as he helped her up from her chair.At dinner, Mama asked Malik, “How’s your15with the coach?”Malik was captain of school soccer team, and he had to discuss a fundraiser with the coach. They’d have to raise hundreds of dollars to 16 their old shirts, and that seemed unlikely unless Malik came up with a(n) 17 plan.Unwillingly, Malik said, “It’s just team stuff.” Changing the 18 , Malik turned to Gidda. “Do you want to go sit outside after dinner?”Gidda agreed. In the soft warmth of the evening, Gidda settled herself beneath the enormous fig(无花果) tree. “Feels like home,” she said. But Malik 19 , “It drops figs everywhere.” Right then, a fig landed on his head. Gidda laughed, picked it up, and took a 20 . “Perfect. Pick me a bunch. I’ll make fig cakes.”The next morning, Malik found Gidda making fig cakes in the kitchen. She offered him one. Malik, hoping it wasn’t too awful, put it in his mouth. His eyes 21 as he chewed. It was delicious. He eyed the tree in the backyard. How many fig cakes could it 22 ?Malik grabbed his phone and started 23 in a rush of excitement. An hour later, most of the soccer team gathered in the kitchen, and ate up fig cakes.“Gidda’s Fabulous(极好的) Fig Cakes!” Malik said. “We’ll 24 them! Gidda said they were easy to make; she’ll 25 us how.”At dinner that night, Gidda shared their plan with Mama, smiling 26 as she repeated the title Malik gave on her, “Team Grandmother.”The next day, the kitchen was full of 27 . Walking slowly among the excited boys, Gidda taught them to make fig cakes. Soon the fig cakes piled up.As Malik28, Gidda’s Fabulous Fig Cakes were a huge hit and they were quickly sold out.When the new29arrived just in time for the opening game, Coach Garcia invitedGidda to watch. She arrived early, and waved at Malik. Then she turned30to show off her shirt. On the back were the words T eam Grandmother.11．A．watch B．fetch C．visit D．serve12．A．allow B．enjoy C．consider D．mind 13．A．looked B．handed C．tripped D．turned 14．A．useless B．unlucky C．scared D．nervous 15．A．training B．appointment C．negotiation D．meeting 16．A．buy B．replace C．iron D．abandon 17．A．brilliant B．random C．original D．personal 18．A．plan B．attitude C．subject D．way 19．A．Repeated B．Reported C．explained D．complained 20．A．picture B．test C．bite D．break 21．A．widened B．moved C．focused D．opened 22．A．produce B．donate C．deliver D．exchange 23．A．running B．texting C．shouting D．thinking 24．A．present B．send C．sell D．reserve 25．A．prepare B．show C．choose D．write 26．A．proudly B．politely C．shyly D．bitterly 27．A．tension B．hope C．praise D．energy 28．A．promised B．predicted C．announced D．identified 29．A．socks B．boots C．uniforms D．gloves 30．A．back B．away C．down D．Around2020丰台一模however, was noisy and 18 . People pushed past me to squeeze through the doors of the subway cars. Everything moved at such a 19 pace that I felt I had no time to process it all.Art classes were another story. 20 I started making art, I felt like myself again. Working from memory, I made a series of drawings of natural scenes. “Your images are very 21 and accurate,” one teacher told me.“Why not try using brighter colors and bolder shapes and motions?” I followed her advice and was amazed at the 22 .One day my cousin Ken came to see my drawings. “Gosh! These are great! They remind me of graffiti (涂鸦).” He exclaimed.I looked at my drawings and was 23 .To me graffiti was not art, it was24 messy, unreadable writing on walls.“Cool,” Ken continued. “If you’re into art, you should come with me.” I followed him to a huge factory that was completely 25 with graffiti. The walls were covered with bright colors, portraits, words and calligraphy-like symbols. What I saw was art not unlike what I had been making. The big 26 was that the artists drew images from city life, such as crowded subway trains and tall, shiny buildings. In every sketch, there was a(n) 27 that reminded me of that first subway ride, only it was a creative one.Now I know that 28 is different for everyone. What drives one person crazy can be the thing that drives another person to 29 . I may not look at the city the way street artists do, but they may not see nature the way I do. I 30 the way the city’s energy inspires them. And now I use that energy wherever I am to create my own art.11. A. thinking B. reading C. looking D. working12. A. note B. moment C. power D. carpet13. A. leads B. drives C. forces D. requires14. A. beauty B. scenery C. nature D. imagination15. A. regret B. develop C. share D. rethink16. A. doubts B. problems C. trouble D. consideration17. A. remote B. quiet C. colorful D. open18. A. unsafe B. tough C. dull D. crowded19. A. steady B. rapid C. natural D. leisure20. A. Although B. Because C. Once D. Unless21. A. realistic B. unique C. clear D. abstract22. A. attempt B. choice C. passion D. change23. A. shocked B. convinced C. confused D. amused24. A. just B. still C. even D. yet25. A. coated B. decorated C. engaged D. marked26. A. advantage B. attraction C. priority D. difference27. A. clue B. energy C. style D. element28. A. destination B. ambition C. inspiration D. determination29. A. create B. discover C. progress D. concern30. A. explore B. respect C. understand D. follow2020 门头沟一模I'm Robin Woods. I'm always the first to make a good joke and 11___ my work away at the end of the day. But somehow I'm 12___ the first to be picked for teams and plays. I have always been the outcast, 13___ and alone.“This year our play will be the story of Robin Hood and his Merry Men,” our teacher, Miss Goody, 14___ the whole class. “Who would like to be Robin Hood?” I 15___ my hand up into the air. Of course everybody wanted the biggest and best part, especially bossy Bradley.“ 16____ for a part and I’ll test you on Monday and decide who will be best for each part,” said Miss Goody, handing out pages of the script. “… And of course we’ll need lots of trees to be the forest.”“You’ll be a little baby bush…,” Bradley 17___ me. “Or a teeny-tiny leaf.”I 18___ him and took a copy of the Robin Hood words and began my practicing on the wayhome.On Monday I did some brilliant acting and I remembered all my 19 . I got the part. Bradley got the part of Little John. Becky was one of the ladies-in-waiting. Jordan was the minstrel(吟游艺人), who told the 20___ in song with a little strum of the guitar every now and then.We had three weeks to learn our parts. Becky offered to 21__ with me. She played Little John's part and gave me 22___ on fighting. Bradley, who still really wanted to be Robin Hood, often came over to watch. He seemed to be waiting for me to make mistakes. I felt 23___ , withknocking knees and cold feet. But I was determined to be the best Robin Hood ever. I had got the part of a hero and a hero I shall be.At home, Granddad came to help me. He could play the guitar and even made up a minstrel dance. He was really getting into the minstrel’s 24 , which cheered me up and made learning my part much easier and funny.In the final dress rehearsal that afternoon, Bradley was really getting carried away in that fighting-to-get-across-the-river 25 ___. He was shouting louder and louder and pushing harder and harder until he lost his 26__ and fell off the bridge. He had hurt his ankle! Worse still, Jordan had got a flu. Probably we had to 27___ that night’s performance for it was just impossible to find two new actors who could learn the parts before 28 and, most importantly, could play the guitar. Girls wailed and sobbed. Boys sighed and shuffled their feet.It was I that put forward a 29 ：Granddad could play the part of the minstrel, Becky did the part of Little John and Carly could have her part as lady-in-waiting. Miss Goody sighed with relief. Everybody burst into tears of joy.The performance that night was a great success. I felt like a 30 .11. A. tidy B. throw C. push D. drag12. A. sometimes B. frequently C. always D. never13. A. unattended B. unassisted C. unwanted D. unmoved14. A. taught B. gathered C. dismissed D. lectured15. A. seized B. trembled C. shot D. shook16. A. Look out B. Try out C. Stand out D. Speak out17. A. blamed B. threatened C. teased D. cheated18. A. admired B. abused C. respected D. ignored19. A. stories B. texts C. passages D. lines20. A. tale B. truth C. result D. difference21. A. dance B. sing C. perform D. practice22. A. knives B. tips C. guns D. signals23. A. nervous B. disappointed C. important D. honored24. A. part B. team C. band D. house25. A. accident B. incident C. scene D. event26. A. sword B. stick C. position D. balance27. A. cancel B. give C. improve D. evaluate28. A. dawn B. dusk C. midday D. midnight29. A. theory B. solution C. budget D. principle30. A. director B. composer C. hero D. teacher2020延庆一模A Grateful PatientI took a job as a receptionist for a vet (兽医) almost five decades ago. As a keen animal lover, I accepted the position on the condition that I wouldn’t have to assist with any wounded animals. I couldn’t 11 to see any creature in pain.At the end of my first week, we were closing the office for the day when a young man ran up to us holding a severely 12 Doberman Pinscher puppy(杜宾幼犬) in his arms and 13 us to save his life. The four-month-old puppy had been hit by a car.The vet and I ran back into the 14 room. It was hurt badly. The only place the skin was still attached to this poor little animal’s body was around one shoulder. The vet worked tirelessly for what seemed like 15 , sewing him back together again. That was the16 part. The puppy had broken too many bones, including his spine(脊柱). Even if he17 the next few days, we were quite sure he would never walk again.That day forever 18 my life. The vet instructed me, and I became his 19 in all things medical. One of my first jobs was to give that Doberman puppy daily physical 20 . I remember moving his tiny legs to try to keep his 21 from withering(萎缩).Weeks went by until one day, I felt this little fighter push back ever so 22 . And he continued to push back 23 he could finally use his legs. It recovered.Fast-forward about a year, I walked into the clinic’s crowded waiting room and called the name of the next client. Suddenly, a/an 24 Doberman who had been standing quietly with his owner on the opposite side of the room 25 loose and rushed toward me. I found myself 26 against the wall with this magnificent dog standing on his hindlegs, his front paws on my shoulders, 27 my face with plentiful and joyful kisses!I still tear up in amazement at the display of love and 28 the dog had for me that day all those years ago. I 29 to be a vet technician for 14 years, and since retirement, I’ve volunteered at a no-kill animal shelter. In all the time that has passed and all the experiences I have had, I’ve 30 met a dog who didn’t know that it had been rescued in one way or another.11. A. help B. stop C. bear D. offer12. A. punished B. poisoned C. affected D. injured13. A. begged B. blamed C. reminded D. forced14. A. sitting B. waiting C. nursing D. operating15. A. years B. hours C. minutes D. seconds16. A. cruel B. easy C. tough D. calm17. A. survived B. existed C. struggled D. solved18. A. improved B. saved C. changed D. damaged19. A. applicant B. servant C. consultant D. assistant20. A. management B. treatment C. recovery D. capacity21. A. muscles B. skin C. bone D. hair22. A. seriously B. heavily C. slightly D. rapidly23. A. after B. as C. till D. when24. A. awkward B. tiny C. weak D. huge25. A. hung B. broke C. pulled D. stayed26. A. pinned B. stuck C. plugged D. hugged27. A. barking B. hitting C. washing D. biting28. A. inspiration B. gratitude C. embarrassment D. sympathy29. A. tried on B. acted on C. settled on D. went on30. A. never B. ever C. even D. seldom2020.3高三英语适应性考试Afel was only a very small boy when he first saw snow in a picture book. It had lots of pictures of children 11 in big white fields. He asked, “Mum, what are those white fields?” His mother laughed, “That’s snow, and they are making a snowman!” She tried to 12 what snow was. Afel didn’t really 13 because there was no real snow where he lived. But he showed great 14 .One day when he was 12, Afel was watching a programme on TV at his uncle’s house. The programme was full of snow. And not only snow—there were people15 across the snow. They looked like fantastic birds. They had hats covering all their heads and big goggles over their eyes. And on their feet, they had 16 shoes.“What are those?” he asked his uncle 17 . “Skis,” replied his uncle. “And those people are called skiers.” At that moment, he 18 to be a skier. He asked his uncle what the programme was. “The Winter Olympics,” said his uncle. “It’s like the normal Olympics, but for 19 where you need snow—ski jumping, bobsleigh ( 长橇), those sorts of things. They 20 it every four years.”Afel found out that the next Winter Olympics would be in Beijing, in 2022. “Perfect,” he thought. “Enough 21 for me to become a brilliant skier.”“But there’s no snow here!” people told him. “Where are you going to ski?” Afel22them. He made himself a pair of skis from two pieces of wood. He tied them to his feet and practisedskiing 23 two sticks in his hands. He practised again and again until he could 24quite quickly across the sand. He 25 to fly down the hills like the people on TV, but he couldn’t.“Never mind,” he thought. “It’s a 26 …”“How will you go to the Olympics?” people asked him. “Our country doesn’t 27 have a team that goes to the Winter Olympics. W e have good runners and win lots of medals at the Olympics. But no skiing, no.”Afel didn’t 28 .So every night, out in the middle of the desert, Afel now practises skiing down sand hills. He 29___that the yellow sand and brown earth are as gold as the medal he will bring home with him, when he is the 30___.11．A．drawing B．playing C．dancing D．hiking 12．A．announce B．stress C．conclude D．explain 13．A．mind B．respond C．understand D．regret 14．A．interest B．concern C．patience D．confidence 15．A．walking B．riding C．running D．flying 16．A．strong B．strange C．fashionable D．comfortable 17．A．politely B．hopefully C．excitedly D．nervously 18．A．promised B．claimed C．agreed D．decided19．A．projects B．fields C．sports D．courses 20．A．gain B．have C．accept D．mark 21．A．time B．energy C．Experience D．determination 22．A．avoided B．ignored C．corrected D．criticized 23．A．pushing B．pulling C．holding D．waving 24．A．roll B．march C．jump D．move 25．A．needed B．prepared C．pretended D．attempted 26．A．start B．chance C．solution D．Strategy 27．A．even B．often C．shortly D．Finally 28．A．refuse B．inquire C．care D．complain 29．A．dreams B．predicts C．assumes D．realizes 30．A．authority B．Champion C．Genius D．celebrity2020平谷一模Never Say QuitIn my twenty-five years of coaching, I encountered many extraordinary athletes. Yet the athlete who made the greatest impression on me wasn't one of those promising young men, but Bobby Colson.Early in the season, Bobby, who looked heavy but strong,__11___ me in the school hallway. He told me he was eager to join in our track team and believed he could make an important___12___. I was deeply___13___by his presentation and self-confidence.Given his physique, the logical role for Bobby was that of a "weight man”. So he did his best in trying discus(铁饼), shot pu t…, only to find out these events were not ___14___ for him at all. So Bobby intended to try another more difficult event: two-mile race. I admired Bobby's___15___, but to myself, I questioned whether the two-mile race was a good choice. Yet Bobby was ___16___ and for the following weeks, he painfully but___17___ struggled through his workouts.Three months later, the two-mile race was well underway. While all the other runners had already finished, Bobby___18___had three laps to go. As Bobby completed his last two of his___19___laps, several boys from the other teams started making fun of him and ___20___ at him to get off the track. Bobby was crying noticeably but kept going. At this moment, our team members noticed and went to ___21___ Bobby on. On the last lap, all our athletes stood up tocheer Bobby on. Imagine a moving sight: Our whole team lined up ___22___ the track, clapping and cheering for Bobby as tears ___23___down his face.After that, Bobby put in effort to support his teammates. He went from event to event___24__his teammates. When one of our athletes took a first place, Bobby was even more excited than the winner. Every teammate ___25___him very much and felt lucky to have him in the team.Bobby had been right when he told me he felt he could make a significant contribution. He had joined a good team and made it into a great ___26___.Since then, I've seen many top athletes ___27___the track when they knew they weren't going to win a race. Bobby, on the contrary, never once ___28___ leaving that two-mile race. Once he___29___, quitting was not an option. His example helped us all to understand that talent is God given, and those who have it should be thankful, but the spirit of ___30___ is self-given, and we should value it.11. A. waved B. informed C. limited D. stopped12. A. appearance B. promise C. contribution D. influence13. A. impressed B. frightened C. puzzled D. embarrassed14. A. satisfactory B. challenging C. suitable D. attractive15. A. enthusiasm B. generosity C. achievement D. cooperation16. A. worried B. confused C. determined D. hesitated17. A. cautiously B. proudly C. secretly D. diligently18. A. still B. already C. ever D. rather19. A. spare B. remaining C. extra D. additional20. A. crying B. throwing C. shouting D. criticizing21. A. pull B. assist C. drive D. urge22. A. over B. around C. with D. beyond23. A. rolled B. paved C. covered D. measured24. A. convincing B. appreciating C. competing D. encouraging25. A. envied B. loved C. respected D. believed26. A. family B. organization C. institution D. system27. A. check out B. give off C. walk off D. carry out28. A. supposed B. considered C. imagined D. concerned29. A. proved B. realized C. discovered D. started30. A. bravery B. unity C. perseverance D. devotion2020密云一模Dale Carnegie rose from the unknown of a Missouri farm to international fame because he found a way to fill a universal human need.It was a need that he first 11 back in 1906 when young Dale was a junior at State Teachers College in Warrensburg. To get an 12 , he was struggling against many difficulties. His family was poor. His Dad couldn't afford the 13 at college, so Dale had to ride horseback 12 miles to attend classes. Study had to be done 14 his farm-work routines. He withdrew from many school activities 15 he didn't have the time or the 16 . He had only one good suit. He tried 17 the football team. but the coach turned him down for being too 18 . During this period Dale was slowly 19 an inferiority complex (自卑感) , which his mother knew could 20 him from achieving his real potential. She 21 thatDale join the debating team, believing that 22 in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed.Dale took his mother's advice, tried desperately and after several attempts 23 made it. This proved to be a 24 point in his life. Speaking before groups did help him gain the 25 he needed. By the time Dale was a senior. he had won every top honor in 26 . Now other students were coming to him for coaching and they. 27 , were winning contests.Out of this early struggle to 28 his feelings of inferiority, Dale came to understand that the ability to 29 an idea to an audience builds a person's confidence. And, 30 it, Dale knew he could do anything he wanted to do-and so could others.11. A. admitted B. filled C. recognized D. supplied12. A. assignment B. instruction C. advantage D. education13. A. board B. training C. teaching D. equipment14. A. during B. between C. over D. through15. A. while B. once C. though D. because16. A. permits B. preparation C. clothes D. exploration17. A. for B. on C. in D. with18. A. flexible B. light C. optimistic D. cautious19. A. gaining B. achieving C. obtaining D. developing20. A. protect B. prevent C. promote D. predict21. A. demanded B. suggested C. inspected D. insisted22. A. practice B. presence C. passion D. potential23. A. hopefully B. immediately C. naturally D. finally24. A. key B. breaking C. turning D. basic25. A. progress B. experience C. confidence D. competence26. A. speech B. football C. horse-riding D. farming27. A. in return B. in turn C. in brief D. in fact28. A. overcome B. convey C. approach D. possess29. A. recommend B. stress C. contribute D. express30. A. besides B. beyond C. with D. around2020西城一模答案：11．A12．B13．A14．C 15．D16．C17．A18．A19．C20．B21．A22．B23．D 24．D 25．B26．B27．C28．D29．C30．D2020海淀一模答案：答案：11. A 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. A 16. A 17. B 18. D 19. A 20. C21. B 22. D 23. B 24. D 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. C2020朝阳一模答案：11．B12．D13．C14．A15．D16．B17．A18．C19．D20．C 21．A22．A23．B24．C25．B26．A27．D28．B29．C30．D2020丰台一模答案：。

2020年北京市门头沟区新桥路中学高三英语第一次联考试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIt's time to put your two-wheeler to good use on these fun bike paths — each varying in distance and difficulty. Just choose one fit for you.• Paulinskill Valley TrailCheck out Paulinskill Valley Trail, filled with forests, wetlands, and small townsalong this 25- mile route. While the trail is mostly flat, you can do a quick ride. You're likely to catch sight of beautiful birds, considering more than 100 species find a home in the land near the path. Check out the trail in the fall - prime time for pretty sights.•AlaHele MakalaeOn theislandofKaui, you'll find a bike path with lots of beachy views that'll leave you feeling accomplished yet calm. The name translates to “The Path that Goes By Coast,” and, as you might guess, the seven-mile path hugs the shoreline. Start early enough and you'll witness an incredible sunrise to make it even more amazing,• TheCheaha RouteThis ride covers up to 126 miles, with steep climbs and extreme downhills along the way. So prepare for a thrilling ride - one that’s not necessarily for the inexperienced or those looking for an easy, casual ride. Along the route, you'll pedal through five towns. The journey is worth it, though, because you get some of the most scenic views in the state.• The Whitefish TrailFamous for its countless route options, whether you’re a new biker looking for smooth tracks or you have more experience and want to play around on rocky, more technical land, this bike path brings in lots of visitors. The 43-mile route offers beautiful green scenery. Around every comer, you’ll see a new jaw-dropping landscape, from glassy lakes to green mountains.1. When is the best time to visit Paulinskill Valley Trail?A. In Autumn.B. All year round.C. On early mornings.D. On sunny days.2. Which route is not fit for someone new to cycling?A. The Whitefish Trail.B. Ala Hele Makalae.C. Paulinskill Valley Trail.D. TheCheaha Route.3. What's the common feature of the four routes?A. They are full of challenges.B. Various route options are offered.C. They have beautiful scenery.D. Different species can be found there.BOnce small farmers in Masii, a remote village in Kenya, have picked their crops, all they can do is wait until a buyer trucks through. The system works fairly well for beans and corn, but mangoes-the area’s other main crop-spoil (腐烂) more quickly. If the trader is late, they rot.However, a simple coating could change that. A company, SmartTech, has created a product that doubles the shelf life of fresh produce, enabling farmers to access far-off, larger markets. More time forfresh produce on grocers’ shelves also means less food waste-a $2.6 trillion problem, according to the United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).James Rogers, CEO of SmartTech, wanted to solve the problem for food much in the same way that oxide barriers preventing rust (锈) have achieved for steel. Fortunately, researchers have found when plants made the jump from water to land, they developed cutin(蜡质), a barrier which is made of fatty acids that link together to form a seal around the plant, helping keep water in.The cutin was such a grand strategy that today you’ll still find it across the plant kingdom. SmartTech discovered through researches that an orange can last longer than a strawberry not so much because of the thickness of its skin, but because of the difference in the arrangement of those cutin molecules (分子)on the surface. After extensive trials, Rogers and his team developed a natural and tasteless protective coating from plant material-stems, leaves and skins. The product extends the sweet spot between ripening and rot. And best of all, the treated produce doesn’t require refrigeration.“SmartTech has huge potential to turn poor farmers in Africa into commercial farmers,” says Rogers. “That means more money in pockets, and more food in stomachs.” But whether the company can cost-effectively reach small farmers in far-off areas still remains a challenge.4. The author mentions the small farmers in Kenya to ________.A. stress their need for preserving produceB. show their challenge in harvesting cropsC. express their wish to reach larger marketsD. evaluate their loss caused by slow transport5. What can we learn about SmartTech’s product?A. It is financially supported by FAO.B. It is intended to replace refrigeration.C. It is designed to thicken produce’s skin.D. It is based on plants’own defence system.6. What will James Rogers probably focus on next?A. How to expand farms.B. How to earn more money.C. How to produce more tasty food.D. How to profit farmers in remote area.7. The main purpose of the passage is to ________.A. promote a productB. present a technologyC. advertise SmartTechD. introduce James RogersCSome years ago a young man applied to a large United States optical firm for a job as a lens designer. He apologized for lack of training, but on announcing that he owned two copies of the classic Conrady's Applied Optics and Optical Design, one for his office and a second for his bedside table, he was hired on the spot. Perhaps the story will be repeated some day with Buchdahl's Introduction to Hamiltonian Optics as a similar certificate of qualification.Hamiltonian theory describes with powerful generality the overall properties of optical systems considered as ‘black boxes’, although it does not describe the detailed structure needed to construct the systems and achieve these properties. Buchdahl's book is therefore on the subject of geometrical optics, but it is not about how to design lenses. It is, however a compact comprehensive account of the fundamentals of the theory written with the lens designer's needs very much in mind. Every lens designer worth his salt has at some time in his career attempted to apply the broad concepts of Hamiltonian optics to the solutions of practical problems. Success has been sufficiently rare that the theory, as such, has made little direct contribution to techniques for optical instrument design. The failures have been frustrating because of the obvious fundamental power of the theory and because of its conceptual elegance. The indirect effects have been large, however, both in contributing to an understanding of fundamental principles that govern the overall behavior of optical systems and in pointing theway to other, more practical, theoretical approaches.Buchdahl approaches the subject not only as a capable mathematical physicist, but as one who with a knowledge of practical optics has made a significant contribution to geometrical optical theory. Buchdahl's approach has, over the last decade, had a major impact on modern lens design with computers. Thus, he brings to this exposition of Hamiltonian optics a familiarity with practical optics not usually found in authors on this subject.The author claims his book to be non-mathematical, and indeed it might be so viewed by a professional mathematician. From the point of view of many physicists and engineers, it will appear to be quite mathematical. Moreover, this is a tightly written book. The subject matter is developed with precision, and the author expects the reader, at very point, to be master of the preceding exposition.8. Hamiltonian theory met with failures as a result of ______.A. newer finding related to the wave particle nature of lightB. very complicated concepts too difficult to understand by most lens designersC. too much mathematical detail in the theoryD. not enough practical information offered by the theory to allow for use by lens crafters9. The author of this passage implies that Introduction to Hamiltonian Optics is necessary to ______.A. the students who are major in mathematical geometryB. those who want to grasp the basic principles of optical systemsC. the lens designers who look for instructions on practical designsD. those who are interested in physics10. The article points out that the great benefits of Hamiltonian optics have been found is ______.A. indirect ways of learning mathematicsB. a fundamental power within the theoryC. the conceptual elegance of the theoryD. the practical applications of the theory in finding new approaches to old problems11. This passage is probably excerpted from ______.A. a review of a bookB. a chemistry textbookC. an optician's essayD. a general science textDThe idea came to him when he least expected it. Alvin Irby was at a barbershop when he saw one of his former students sitting in the shop with a bored look on his face. That’s when Irby realized that by pairingbarbershops and books, he might be able to inspire young boys to read.Alvin Irby, a former kindergarten and first-grade teacher, knows how important it is for young children to read. He also knows that young boys in particular often don’t have adult male role models who inspire them to read. “Many young boys may literally never see a man reading in school during the years when they’re learning to read because there are so few male elementary school teachers,” Irby toldMashable.That’s where the barbershops come in. Four years ago, Irby launched Barbershop Books as a way to not just get books into the hands of young boys, but also to create community reading spaces in a place where kids go frequently. Since itsinceptionin 2013, the program has created kid-friendly reading spaces in 50 barbershops in 12 states throughout the United States.Irby isn’t the first person to see the connection between barbershops and books and boys. Hair stylist Courtney Holmes, launched a program a few years ago offering free haircuts to kids as long as they read to him while he cuts their hair.That’s the kind of environment that Irby wants to promote with his program. The reading spaces created by Barbershop Books help to spark an interest in books by showing kids that reading is about more than just spelling and vocabulary skills, it’s about making reading a low-stress activity that can help them relax, laugh and have fun.“Our belief is that if we can create positive reading experiences early and often for young boys, then they will choose to read for fun,” Irby noted, adding, “This is really what Barbershop Books is about, getting young boys to say three words: I’m a reader.”12. What happened to Alvin when he was at a barbershop?A. He found it easy for young people to get bored.B. He offered a barbershop to his former student.C. He thought of a way to encourage young readers.D. He realized the importance of reading for young boys.13. What is the function of Barbershop Books?A. To attract more customers who love films.B. To provide free haircuts to book lovers.C. To show the influence of reading on children.D. To create a reading environment fbr children.14. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.A. reading is a low-stress activity that is relaxingB. Barbershop Books is only suitable for young boysC. Irby attaches great importance to school educationD. Barbershop Books can arouse (引起) young people’s interest in reading15. What does the underlined word “inception” in the 3rdparagraph mean?A. discovery.B. success.C. popularity.D. beginning.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2024北京高三一模英语汇编七选五一、阅读理解（2024北京门头沟高三一模）More than a quarter have to enlarge the font size on their mobile phone so they can read it clearly. 1 Meanwhile, 28% regularly squint (眯眼看) at the screen. And all of them are signs of eye disorder.“The research has shown our eyes are not designed to be fixed on a single object for a long time, especially smaller laptops or smart devices. 2 Even worse, staring at the screen constantly can lead to dry eye syndrome,” says Giles Edmonds, a clinical service director.Dry eye syndrome is a condition where the eyes do not make enough tears, or the tears evaporate too quickly. Here are some simple solutions to prevent eye strain and irritation, and preserve your eye health overall.Rest your eyes.Follow the 20:20:20 rule, looking up from your screen every 20 minutes and look at something 20 feet away for at least 20 seconds. 3 It in turn reduces eye tiredness.Adjust your workstation.Change your screen settings to ensure that the brightness and contrast are balanced correctly, as well as making fonts larger. Also, be mindful of how your workstation is positioned. Adjust your screen ensuring it is 15—20 degrees below eye level and around 50—70 cm away from the eyes. 4Reduce glare (眩光).5 . Try reducing this by attaching an anti-glare screen to your monitor or laptop to avoid external light shining onto the screen. Glasses wearers can also have lenses treated with an anti-glare coating.A．People should try to reduce the time spent on the screen.B．One can read his favorite paper books instead of e-books.C．Half confess they’re forced to enlarge images to see them clearly.D．Another thing to focus on is to make sure your room is properly lit.E．Looking into the distance helps relax the focusing muscles of your eyes.F．Reflections on your computer screen can cause glare and lead to eye fatigue.G．They may feel uncomfortable, painful, tired and even start to itch (发痒) or burn.（2024北京延庆高三一模）Do you want to be a cognitive superager when you are old? Just as you take steps towards a future-proofing body, you can enhance your brain’s resilience to age-related disease by boosting cognitive reserve.Andrew Sommerlad, an associate professor of psychiatry, discovers the power of cognitive reserve in studies of older people who show signs of Alzheimer’s (阿尔兹海默症) in their brains. 6 Actually, three years ago, colleagues of Sommerlad had also published findings from Study of Ageing. They showed that higher levels of cognitive reserve are associated with lower levels of dementia.7 The strong cognitive reserve is helpful to stave off symptoms of brain changes associated not just with dementia but with other brain diseases. It also helps you to function better for longer when facing unexpected life events as you get older.How do you improve it? The younger you implement things that will bolster it, the better. For example, you can do tasks that challenges your brain ability, like crosswords, reading, giving impromptu speech and critical thinking.8 So, do mind-body practices like yoga, Tai Chi or meditation to reduce stress is also important. This can help you balance the periods of mental demand and relaxation.9 ideally, seven to nine hours is optimal for enhancing cognitive reserve. Start by improving your sleep hygiene with steps such as avoiding electronic screens.Cognitive reserve is developed through a lifetime of education, curiosity and persistence. 10A．Its effects are wide reaching.B．Additionally, maintain regular sleep patterns.C．So plan ahead to make sure you keep cognitively busy and engaged!D．There are ways you can improve sleep, for both young and old people.E．It suggests that developing a good cognitive reserve can be powerfully protective.F．However, thinking too hard for too long may wear you out, hurting cognitive reserve.G．They cope better with pathological (病理上的) changes, the higher their powers of cognitive reserve.（2024北京东城高三一模）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020高三英语一模阅读D篇汇总2020西城一模DThe Impossible Burger is entirely free of meat. But it looks, smells, feels and—mostimportantly—tastes so much like real hamburger beef. In fact, plant-based burger alternatives have set off a strong resistance from the beef industry. The Center for Consumer Freedom, a nonprofit that advocates on behalf of the fast food and meat industries has launched an “informational” campaign targeting plant-based meats. The campaign has included TV and online ads, as well as print ads in newspapers. The ads seem to imply that not only is an artificial burger too processed, but that it might be even less healthy than the average beefburger.While it’s true that a plant-based meat alternative is processed and it’s true that eating one isnot as healthy as a pile of raw vegetables, it’s best to take the ads with a generous pinch of salt.For instance, the additives and preservatives in plant-based meat highlighted in one ad sure sound scary. Who wants something called titanium dioxide (二氧化钛) in their meal? But the truth is that additives such as those listed in the ads are regularly used in all sorts of packaged foods. And if methylcellulose, a food thickener, sounds unpleasant, it’s reallynothing compared with salmonella (沙门菌) poisoning you can get from regular meat.Also, the ad campaign misses the bigger point. Choosing an Impossible or Beyond burger isn’t just about eating healthy. Burgers, whether they are made from processed pea protein or processed meat, will never be as healthy as organic raw vegetables.What’s appealing is the prospect of enjoying a juicy burger without the bitter aftertaste of guilt.Let’s face it, there are huge environmental costs to eating cows. Cattle raising is contributing to climate change, and not just because methane ( 甲烷) from cows and cattle is responsible for about 14.5% of greenhouse gas. More broadly, our global food production system releases more than a third of the world’s greenhouse gases. Yet we can’t seem to control our meat appetite even knowing that large areas of the Amazon forest have been ruined, and continue to be cut down to make room for more cattle to feed the growing demand for beef. Humans also know full well that many animals live short, cruel lives in awful conditions for the purpose of becoming foods for humans to enjoy at dinner.A plant-based meat that satisfies meat desires and delivers protein but with a smallerclimate footprint is a potential environmental game changer and the reason Impossible Foods was one of those receiving the U.N. Global Climate Action Award in 2019. No wonder the meat industry is on guard.42.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?A.These ads deserve little consideration.B.W e should spread the message of these ads.C.We’d better be cautious when reading these ads.D.These ads tell people a lot about plant-based burgers.43.What do we know about additives and preservatives in plant-based burgers?E.They are likely to cause poisoning.F.Their use is within the normal range.G.Some have not been used in hamburgers.H.They are used to ensure burgers taste good.44.What is the author’s attitude towards plant-based burgers?A. Supportive.B. Neutral.C. Disapproving.D. Doubtful.45. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?I. B.C. D.I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点)C: Conclusion2020海淀一模DIn college, I was taught an elegant theory of chemical combination based on excess electrons going into holes in the orbital shell of a neighbouring atom. But what about diatomic compounds like oxygen gas? Don't ask; students aren't ready to know. In physics, in biology, in any other science classes, students frequently get that answer too.Ifs time to trust students to handle doubt and diversity in science. Actually, students are starting to act. They have shamed their seniors into including more diverse contributors as faculty members and role models. Young scholars rudely ask their superiors why they fail to address the extinction crises clarified by their research. The inherited authoritarian political structures of science education are becoming lame一but still remain largely unchanged from the old school days.A narrow, rigid education does not prepare anyone f o r the complexities of scientific research, applications and policy. If we discourage students from inquiring into the real nature of scientific truths, or exploring how society shapes the questions that researchers ask, how can we prepare them to maintain public trust in science in our "post-truth” world? Diversity and doubt produce creativity; we must make room for them, and stop guiding future scientists into narrow specialties that value technique over thought.In science, even foundational building blocks can be questioned. The unifying patterns of the periodic table are now questioned under closer examination. Some scientists now wonder whether the concept of biological "species" contributes more confusion than insight, and whether it should therefore be abandoned. However, such a decision would affect conservation policy, in which identification of endangered species is crucial---so it is not just an issue for basic science.Science students generally remain unaware that concepts such as elements and species are contested or are even contestable. In school, college and beyond, curricula highlight the technical and hide the reflective. Public arguments among scientists often presume that every problem has just one solution.Nonetheless, uncertain advice on complex issues should be a warning that, from a future perspective, today's total scientific consensus on some policy issue might have been the result of stubbornness, a conflict of interest or worse. Just as a healthy democracy accommodatesdissent and dissonance, the collective consciousness of science would do well to embrace doubt and diversity. This could start with teaching science as a great, flawed, ongoing human achievement, rather than as a collection of cut-and-dried eternal （永久的）truths.I recall a legenda r y chemistry professor who was not skilful at getting classroom demonstrations to work--but discussing what went wrong helped his students to thrive. A mathematician friend let pupils discuss every statement in the textbook until all were satisfied. They did well in exams, and taught themselves when he was absent. Treating people at all levels as committed thinkers, whose asking teaches us all, is the key to tackling the challenges to science in the post-trust age.42.The problem of current science training is that.A.students cannot become specialistsB.it goes against established science educationC.students lose trust in their teachers and professorsD.it fails to provide students with what they need in future43.The periodic table is mentioned to prove that.A.even the widely accepted can be challengedB.students are generally ignorant of scienceC.most previous researches are out of dateD.science has been developing with time44.It can be learnt from the passage that.A.students may be more innovative if they are allowed to doubtB.science students do not contest elements or speciesC.students should not trust established scienceD.diversity prevents progress in science45.Which of the following statements best represents the writer’ s opinion?A.Our curricula highlight the technical and hide the reflective.B.Science should be a collection of cut-and-dried eternal truths.C.Teachers should treat people at all levels as committed thinkers.D.The concept of biological species brings more confusion than insight.2020朝阳一模DFact or Fiction?Non-fiction can be broken down into many categories. One category is literary non-fiction, which is still based in fact but employs some of the storytelling elements that fiction uses. Literary non-fiction includes a type of autobiography(自传) called memoir. Memoir most often focuses on a certain period of the author’s life. It is, by definition, rooted in truth. Still, people sometimes question whether memoir should be categorized as non-fiction at all.As non-fiction, memoir is intended to be factual. Is this really the case, though, considering memoir relies on human memory? One classic study, led by psychologist Elizabeth Loftus, showed how easily an interviewer’s choice of wording can influence an eyewitness’s account of a traffic accident. It is therefore reasonable to wonder whether memoir should continue to be branded as non-fiction.Certainly, human memory can be unreliable. However, a memoir author is undoubtedly writing about significant and impactful life events. Memories of such events are actually morereliable than others. Studies show that the more influential an event is, the more accurately people recall the details. As an emotionally charged event unfolds, the brain activity changes in a way that amplifies small details. This activity helps build a more precise and accurate memory.Of course the brain is not a camera that can “save” any memory with perfect accuracy. But if memoir is questionable due to the imperfections of the human mind, then critics will have to tackle non-fiction more broadly. All writers are using their memories when they create, and moreover, they are relying on the memories of others. Journalists conduct interviews to tell a news story and history writers depend on the accuracy of accounts from long ago. Y et they all rightfully fall under the umbrella of non-fiction.Some people may doubt memoir not because they mistrust human memory, but because they mistrust the author’s morality. Critics may suspect an author of making up events. However, there is no reason to be suspicious of memoir author’s intentions. Writing a factual memoir that appeals to readers has the potential to be profitable for the author, and there is no motivation for a memoir writer to knowingly change or beautify the truth.Looking beyond the author’s own life events, memoir can inform readers about the world in the same way that other non-fiction can. Memoir has a way of relaying facts about anything from an occupation to brief fashion trends, all of it meaningful to the author.42. The author introduces the topic in Paragraph 1 by_.A. illustrating why it is important to talk about memoirB. listing some interesting facts and features of memoirC. defining key terms that are discussed later in the passageD. making a comparison between autobiography and memoir43. What does the underlined word “amplifies” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Collects.B. Ignores.C. Enlarges.D. Absorbs.44. W e can learn from the passage that_.A. critics argue that a news story by a journalist is fictionB. a memoir author’s memory can be influenced by the intervieweesC. memoir can’t show readers facts about what an author experiencedD. emotional moments can cause the creation of more detailed memories45. According to the passage, the author believes.A. the most profitable memoirs are those shown to be the most factualB. many authors are untrustworthy, although many memoirs are fact-basedC. memoir is rightfully categorized under the umbrella of literary non-fictionD. memory is too unreliable for memoir to be considered a type of non-fiction2020丰台一模DIf you think about it, work-life balance is a strange ambition for a fulfilling life. Balance is about stasis: if our lives were ever in balance—parents happy, kids taken care of, work working—then our overriding thought would be to shout “Nobody move!” and pray all would stay perfect forever. This false hope is made worse by the categories themselves. They imply that work is bad, and life is good. And so the challenge, we are told, is to balance the heaviness of work with the lightness of life.Yet work is not the opposite of life. It is instead a part of life—just as family is, as are friends and community. All of these aspects of living have their share of uplifting moments and moments that drag us down. The same is true of work. Treat work the same way you do life: by maximizing what you love.We have interviewed several anesthesiologists (麻醉师) about the thrills they feel in their jobs. One said he loved the thrill of holding each patient hovering at that one precise point between life and death. Another said she loved the bedside conversations before the operation aiming to calm the panic that affects many patients. Another was drawn mostly to the anesthetic mechanism and has devoted himself to defining precisely how each drug does what it does.Think of your life’s many different activities as threads. Some are black and some are white. But some of these activities appear to be made of a different substance.These activities contain all the tell-tale signs of love: before you do them, you find yourself looking forward to them; while you’re doing them, time speeds up and you find yourself in flow; and after you’ve done them, you feel energetic. These are your red threads, and research by the Mayo Clinic suggests that doctors who weave the fabric of their life with at least 20% red threads are significantly less likely to experience burnout.The simplest way for you to do this is to spend a week in love with your job. During the week, any time you find yourself feeling one of the signs of love write down exactly what you were doing in the column “Love”. And any time you find yourself feeling the inverse write down what you were doing in the column “Loathe”. By the end of the week you will see a list of activities in your “Love” column, which create in you a positive feeling, one that draws you in and lifts you up.Our goal should be to, little by little, week by week, intentionally unbalance all aspects of our work toward the former and away from the latter. Not simply to make us feel better, but so that our colleagues, our friends and our family can all benefit from us at our very best.42. What is the author’s attitude towards work-life balance?A. Doubtful.B. Disapproving.C. Supportive.D. Neutral.43. The author uses three anesthesiologists as examples to ________.A. prove people benefit from workB. indicate doctors take pride in their workC. show people gain joy from different situationsD. imply doctors reduce the pressure of work successfully44. “Red threads” in Paragraph 4 refer to the activities that ________.A. arouse your passionB. satisfy your desiresC. improve your motivationD. require your efforts45. Which of the following does the author probably agree with?A. Red threads are necessary for a balanced life.B. Recording activities helps create positive feeling.C. Find love in work instead of keeping work-life balance.D. Maximize what you love to remove the heaviness from work.2020延庆一模DEducators today are more and more often heard to say that computer literacy is absolutely necessary for college students. Many even argue that each incoming freshman should have his orher own microcomputer. What advantages do computers offer the college students?Any student who has used a word processor will know one compelling reason to use a computer: to write papers. Although not all students feel comfortable composing on a word processor, most find revising and editing much easier on it. One can alter, insert, or delete just by pressing a few keys, thus eliminating the need to rewrite or re-type. Furthermore, since the revision process is less difficult, students are more likely to revise as often as is necessary to end up with the best paper possible. For these reasons, many freshman English courses require the use of a word processor.Computers are also useful in the context of language courses, where they are used to drill students in basic skills. Software programs strengthen ESL(English as a Second Language ) instruction, as well as instruction in French, German, Spanish, and other languages. By using these programs on a regular basis, students can improve their skills in a language while proceeding at their own pace.Science students take advantage of computers in many ways. Using computer graphic capabilities, for example, botany( 植物学）students can represent and analyze different plant growth patterns. Medical students can learn to interpret computerized images of internal body structures. Physics students can complete complex calculations farmore quickly than they could without the use of computer.Similarly, business and accounting students find that computer spreadsheet programs are all but important to many aspects of their work, while students pursuing careers in graphic arts, marketing, and public relations find that knowledge of computer graphic is important. Education majors learn to develop grading systems using computers, while social science students use computers for analyzing and graphically displacing their research results.It is no wonder, then, that educators support the purchase and use of microcomputers by students. A useful tool, the computer can help students learn. And that is, after all, the reason for going to college.42. The word"literacy" (Line 1,Paragraph 1) means _________.A. the ability to read and writeB. the ability to useC. literatureD. the knowledge of language43. According to the author, a word processor can be used to_________.A. revise papersB. retype papersC. reduce the psychological burden of writing papersD. improve the writing skills of a student44. According to the author, the reason for students to go to college is _________.A. to learn somethingB. to perfect themselvesC. to improve computer skillsD. to make the best use of computers45. The main purpose of this passage is to _________.A. persuade the educators to increase computer use in their own classroomB. analyze advantages and disadvantages of computer use among college studentsC. identify some of the ways that computers benefit college studentsD. describe how computers can be used to teach foreign languages2020门头沟一模DWhen I re-entered the full-time work after a decade of running my own business, there was a top thing I was looking forward to: to make friends with the colleagues once again. As a matter of fact, it wasn't until I entered the company that I realized making friends with colleagues wasn’t the first at all. It is developing interpersonal relationships at work that is vital, which can not only help overcome a range of problems at work but also promote productivity and the quality of work output.Perhaps my expectations of lunches and chatting with friends were the memory of the last time I was in that kind of office environment. However, as I near the end of my fourth decade, I realize work can be fully functional and entirely satisfying without needing to be the best workmates with the people sitting next to you.In an academic analysis just published in the very influential Journal of Management, researchers have developed the idea of "indifferent relationships", which is a simple term that summarizes the fact that relationships at work can be less close, unimportant and even replaceable.Indifferent relationships are neither positive nor negative. The limited research conducted so far shows they're especially obvious among those who value independence over cooperation, and harmony over disharmony. Indifference is also the preferred choice among those who are socially lazy and regard maintaining relationships over the long term takes effort.As mentioned above, indifferent relationships may not always be the most helpful way in solving problems at work. Even so, there are proven benefits on indifferent relationship. One of them is efficiency. Less time chatting and socializing means more time working and producing. Another is self-respect. As human beings, we tend to compare ourselves to each other. Apparently, we look down on acquaintances more than friends. In the process their strengths can raise the sense of self-worth. The third advantage is that the emotional neutrality of indifferent relationshipshas been found to improve critical thinking, enhance people’s attention to task solving, and make it easier to gain valuable information.None of those benefits might be as fun as after-work socializing but, hey, I'll take it anyway.42. What did the author realize when he re-entered the company?A. Building interpersonal relationships was important.B. Making new friends with workmates was not so easy as he had expected.C. Developing positive interpersonal relationships helped him find his place.D. Working in companies requires more interpersonal skills than self-employment.43. Which one belongs to indifferent relationships at work according to the passage？A. Being in conflict with workmates in the office.B. Spending less time chatting and socializing in the office.C. Having deep and meaningful conversations with colleagues.D. Being the best mates with the people sitting next to you in the office.44. What can be one of the benefits of the indifferent relationships?A. They provide fun at work.B. They improve work efficiency.C. They help control emotions at work.D. They help solve problems during work time.45. What’s the author’s attitude towards indifferent relationships?A. Cautious.B. Doubtful.C. Approving.D. Indifferent.2020密云一模DThe latest research suggests that the key factor separating geniuses from the merely accomplished is not I.Q.，a generally bad predictor of success. Instead, it's purposeful practice. Top performers spend more hours practising their craft. If you wanted to picture how a typical genius might develop, you'd take a girl who possessed a slightly above average language ability. It wouldn't have to be a big talent, just enough so that she might gain some sense of distinction. Then you would want her to meet, say, a novelist, who coincidentally shared some similar qualities. Maybe the writer was from the same town, had the same family background, or, shared the same birthday.This contact would give the girl a vision of her future self. It would give her some idea of a fascinating circle she might someday join. It would also help if one of her parents died when she was 12, giving her a strong sense of insecurity and fuelling a desperate need for success. Armedwith this ambition, she would read novels and life stories of writers without end. This would give her a primary knowledge of her field. She'd be able to see new writing in deeper ways and quickly understand its inner workings.Then she would practise writing. Her practice would be slow, painstaking and error-focused.By practising in this way, she delays the automatizing process. Her mind wants to turn conscious, newly learned skills into unconscious, automatically performed skills. By practising slowly, by breaking skills down into tiny parts and repeating, she forces the brain to internalize a better pattern of performance. Then she would find an adviser who would provide a constant stream of feedback. viewing her performance from the outside, correcting the smallest errors, pushing her to take on tougher challenges. By now she is redoing problems——how do I get characters into a room——dozens and dozens of times. She is establishing habits of thought she can call upon in order to understand or solve future problems.The primary quality our young writer possesses is not some mysterious genius. It's the ability to develop a purposeful, laborious and boring practice routine; the latest research takes some of the magic out of great achievement. But it underlines a fact that is often neglected. Public discussion is affected by genetics and what we're "hard-wired" to do. And it's true that genes play a role in our capabilities. But the brain is also very plastic. We construct ourselves through behaviour.42. The passage mainly deals with.A. the decisive factor in making a geniusB. the relationship between genius and successC. the function of I.Q. in cultivating a writerD. the way of gaining some sense of distinction43 .By reading novels and writers' stories, the girl could.A. learn from the living examples to establish a sense of securityB. join a fascinating circle of writers somedayC. share with a novelist her likes and dislikesD. come to understand the inner structure of writing44. In the girl's long painstaking training process,.A. her adviser forms a primary challenging force to her successB. she comes to realize she is "hard-wired"' to writeC. she acquires the magic of some great achievementD. her writing turns into an automatic pattern of performance45. What can be concluded from the passage?A. A fuelling ambition plays a leading role in one's success.B. A responsible adviser is more important than the knowledge of writing.C .What really-matters is what you do rather than who you are.D.As to the growth of a genius. I.Q. doesn't matter. but just his/her effort.2020平谷一模DAI can identify rare genetic disordersPeople with genetic syndromes(基因遗传综合症) sometimes have revealing facial features, but using them to make a quick and cheap diagnosis can be tricky when there are hundreds ofpossible conditions they may have. A new neural(神经的) network that analyses photographs of faces can help doctors narrow down the possibilities.Gurovich at biotechnology firm FDNA in Boston and his team built a neural network to look at the gestalt(形态) — or overall impression of faces and return a list of the 10 genetic syndromes a person is most likely to have.They trained the neural network, called DeepGestalt, on 17,000 images correctly labeled to correspond to more than 200 genetic syndromes. The team then asked the AI to identify potential genetic disorders from a further 502 photographs of people with such conditions. It included the correct answer among its list of 10 responses 91 per cent of the time.Gurovich and his team also tested the AI’ s ability to distinguish between different genetic mutations (突变) that can lead to the same syndrome. They used images of people with Noonan syndrome, which can result from mutations in one of five genes. DeepGestalt accurately identified the genetic source of the physical appearance 64 per cent of the time.“It’ s clearly not perfect,” says Gurovich. “But it’ s still much better than humans are at tryingto do this. ”As the system makes its assessments, the facial regions that were most helpful in the determination are highlighted and made available for doctors to view. This helps them to understand the relationships between genetic make-up and physical appearance.The fact that the diagnosis is based on a simple photograph raises questions of privacy. If faces can reveal details about genetics, then employers and insurance providers could, in principle, secretly use such techniques to discriminate against people with a high probability of having certain disorders.However, Gurovich says the tool will only be available to doctors. Christoffer Nellaker at the University of Oxford says this technique could bring significant benefits for those with genetic syndromes.“This is not fundamentally different information than we’ re sharing walking down the street, or we’ re happy to share with Facebook or Google,” he says. “But questioning the data in this way means you can obtain information about health or disease status. ”“The real value here is that for some of these extreme rare diseases, the process of diagnosis can be many, many years. This kind of technology can help narrow down the search space and then be confirmed through checking genetic markers,” he says.For some diseases,this kind of technology will cut down the time to diagnose thoroughly. For others, it could perhaps add a means of finding other people with the disease and, in turn, helpfind new treatments or cures.42. What is the purpose of Gurovich’ s neural network?A. To test the AI’ s ability.B. To analyze photographs of faces.C. To help doctors reduce the range of the diagnosis.D. To research the overall impression of patients’ faces.43. What disadvantage does Deep Gestalt bring?A. It will probably involve in the people’ s privacy.B. It cannot provide information about health or disease.C. The diagnosis based on a simple photograph is not accurate.D. It could perhaps add a means of finding other people with the disease.。

2020高三英语一模阅读D篇汇总2020西城一模DThe Impossible Burger is entirely free of meat. But it looks, smells, feels and—mostimportantly—tastes so much like real hamburger beef. In fact, plant-based burger alternatives have set off a strong resistance from the beef industry. The Center for Consumer Freedom, a nonprofit that advocates on behalf of the fast food and meat industries has launched an “informational” campaign targeting plant-based meats. The campaign has included TV and online ads, as well as print ads in newspapers. The ads seem to imply that not only is an artificial burger too processed, but that it might be even less healthy than the average beefburger.While it’s true that a plant-based meat alternative is processed and it’s true that eating one isnot as healthy as a pile of raw vegetables, it’s best to take the ads with a generous pinch of salt.For instance, the additives and preservatives in plant-based meat highlighted in one ad sure sound scary. Who wants something called titanium dioxide (二氧化钛) in their meal? But the truth is that additives such as those listed in the ads are regularly used in all sorts of packaged foods. And if methylcellulose, a food thickener, sounds unpleasant, it’s reallynothing compared with salmonella (沙门菌) poisoning you can get from regular meat.Also, the ad campaign misses the bigger point. Choosing an Impossible or Beyond burger isn’t just about eating healthy. Burgers, whether they are made from processed pea protein or processed meat, will never be as healthy as organic raw vegetables.What’s appealing is the prospect of enjoying a juicy burger without the bitter aftertaste of guilt.Let’s face it, there are huge environmental costs to eating cows. Cattle raising is contributing to climate change, and not just because methane ( 甲烷) from cows and cattle is responsible for about 14.5% of greenhouse gas. More broadly, our global food production system releases more than a third of the world’s greenhouse gases. Yet we can’t seem to control our meat appetite even knowing that large areas of the Amazon forest have been ruined, and continue to be cut down to make room for more cattle to feed the growing demand for beef. Humans also know full well that many animals live short, cruel lives in awful conditions for the purpose of becoming foods for humans to enjoy at dinner.A plant-based meat that satisfies meat desires and delivers protein but with a smallerclimate footprint is a potential environmental game changer and the reason Impossible Foods was one of those receiving the U.N. Global Climate Action Award in 2019. No wonder the meat industry is on guard.42.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?A.These ads deserve little consideration.B.W e should spread the message of these ads.C.We’d better be cautious when reading these ads.D.These ads tell people a lot about plant-based burgers.43.What do we know about additives and preservatives in plant-based burgers?E.They are likely to cause poisoning.F.Their use is within the normal range.G.Some have not been used in hamburgers.H.They are used to ensure burgers taste good.44.What is the author’s attitude towards plant-based burgers?A. Supportive.B. Neutral.C. Disapproving.D. Doubtful.45. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?I. B.C. D.I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点)C: Conclusion2020海淀一模DIn college, I was taught an elegant theory of chemical combination based on excess electrons going into holes in the orbital shell of a neighbouring atom. But what about diatomic compounds like oxygen gas? Don't ask; students aren't ready to know. In physics, in biology, in any other science classes, students frequently get that answer too.Ifs time to trust students to handle doubt and diversity in science. Actually, students are starting to act. They have shamed their seniors into including more diverse contributors as faculty members and role models. Young scholars rudely ask their superiors why they fail to address the extinction crises clarified by their research. The inherited authoritarian political structures of science education are becoming lame一but still remain largely unchanged from the old school days.A narrow, rigid education does not prepare anyone f o r the complexities of scientific research, applications and policy. If we discourage students from inquiring into the real nature of scientific truths, or exploring how society shapes the questions that researchers ask, how can we prepare them to maintain public trust in science in our "post-truth” world? Diversity and doubt produce creativity; we must make room for them, and stop guiding future scientists into narrow specialties that value technique over thought.In science, even foundational building blocks can be questioned. The unifying patterns of the periodic table are now questioned under closer examination. Some scientists now wonder whether the concept of biological "species" contributes more confusion than insight, and whether it should therefore be abandoned. However, such a decision would affect conservation policy, in which identification of endangered species is crucial---so it is not just an issue for basic science.Science students generally remain unaware that concepts such as elements and species are contested or are even contestable. In school, college and beyond, curricula highlight the technical and hide the reflective. Public arguments among scientists often presume that every problem has just one solution.Nonetheless, uncertain advice on complex issues should be a warning that, from a future perspective, today's total scientific consensus on some policy issue might have been the result of stubbornness, a conflict of interest or worse. Just as a healthy democracy accommodatesdissent and dissonance, the collective consciousness of science would do well to embrace doubt and diversity. This could start with teaching science as a great, flawed, ongoing human achievement, rather than as a collection of cut-and-dried eternal （永久的）truths.I recall a legenda r y chemistry professor who was not skilful at getting classroom demonstrations to work--but discussing what went wrong helped his students to thrive. A mathematician friend let pupils discuss every statement in the textbook until all were satisfied. They did well in exams, and taught themselves when he was absent. Treating people at all levels as committed thinkers, whose asking teaches us all, is the key to tackling the challenges to science in the post-trust age.42.The problem of current science training is that.A.students cannot become specialistsB.it goes against established science educationC.students lose trust in their teachers and professorsD.it fails to provide students with what they need in future43.The periodic table is mentioned to prove that.A.even the widely accepted can be challengedB.students are generally ignorant of scienceC.most previous researches are out of dateD.science has been developing with time44.It can be learnt from the passage that.A.students may be more innovative if they are allowed to doubtB.science students do not contest elements or speciesC.students should not trust established scienceD.diversity prevents progress in science45.Which of the following statements best represents the writer’ s opinion?A.Our curricula highlight the technical and hide the reflective.B.Science should be a collection of cut-and-dried eternal truths.C.Teachers should treat people at all levels as committed thinkers.D.The concept of biological species brings more confusion than insight.2020朝阳一模DFact or Fiction?Non-fiction can be broken down into many categories. One category is literary non-fiction, which is still based in fact but employs some of the storytelling elements that fiction uses. Literary non-fiction includes a type of autobiography(自传) called memoir. Memoir most often focuses on a certain period of the author’s life. It is, by definition, rooted in truth. Still, people sometimes question whether memoir should be categorized as non-fiction at all.As non-fiction, memoir is intended to be factual. Is this really the case, though, considering memoir relies on human memory? One classic study, led by psychologist Elizabeth Loftus, showed how easily an interviewer’s choice of wording can influence an eyewitness’s account of a traffic accident. It is therefore reasonable to wonder whether memoir should continue to be branded as non-fiction.Certainly, human memory can be unreliable. However, a memoir author is undoubtedly writing about significant and impactful life events. Memories of such events are actually morereliable than others. Studies show that the more influential an event is, the more accurately people recall the details. As an emotionally charged event unfolds, the brain activity changes in a way that amplifies small details. This activity helps build a more precise and accurate memory.Of course the brain is not a camera that can “save” any memory with perfect accuracy. But if memoir is questionable due to the imperfections of the human mind, then critics will have to tackle non-fiction more broadly. All writers are using their memories when they create, and moreover, they are relying on the memories of others. Journalists conduct interviews to tell a news story and history writers depend on the accuracy of accounts from long ago. Y et they all rightfully fall under the umbrella of non-fiction.Some people may doubt memoir not because they mistrust human memory, but because they mistrust the author’s morality. Critics may suspect an author of making up events. However, there is no reason to be suspicious of memoir author’s intentions. Writing a factual memoir that appeals to readers has the potential to be profitable for the author, and there is no motivation for a memoir writer to knowingly change or beautify the truth.Looking beyond the author’s own life events, memoir can inform readers about the world in the same way that other non-fiction can. Memoir has a way of relaying facts about anything from an occupation to brief fashion trends, all of it meaningful to the author.42. The author introduces the topic in Paragraph 1 by_.A. illustrating why it is important to talk about memoirB. listing some interesting facts and features of memoirC. defining key terms that are discussed later in the passageD. making a comparison between autobiography and memoir43. What does the underlined word “amplifies” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Collects.B. Ignores.C. Enlarges.D. Absorbs.44. W e can learn from the passage that_.A. critics argue that a news story by a journalist is fictionB. a memoir author’s memory can be influenced by the intervieweesC. memoir can’t show readers facts about what an author experiencedD. emotional moments can cause the creation of more detailed memories45. According to the passage, the author believes.A. the most profitable memoirs are those shown to be the most factualB. many authors are untrustworthy, although many memoirs are fact-basedC. memoir is rightfully categorized under the umbrella of literary non-fictionD. memory is too unreliable for memoir to be considered a type of non-fiction2020丰台一模DIf you think about it, work-life balance is a strange ambition for a fulfilling life. Balance is about stasis: if our lives were ever in balance—parents happy, kids taken care of, work working—then our overriding thought would be to shout “Nobody move!” and pray all would stay perfect forever. This false hope is made worse by the categories themselves. They imply that work is bad, and life is good. And so the challenge, we are told, is to balance the heaviness of work with the lightness of life.Yet work is not the opposite of life. It is instead a part of life—just as family is, as are friends and community. All of these aspects of living have their share of uplifting moments and moments that drag us down. The same is true of work. Treat work the same way you do life: by maximizing what you love.We have interviewed several anesthesiologists (麻醉师) about the thrills they feel in their jobs. One said he loved the thrill of holding each patient hovering at that one precise point between life and death. Another said she loved the bedside conversations before the operation aiming to calm the panic that affects many patients. Another was drawn mostly to the anesthetic mechanism and has devoted himself to defining precisely how each drug does what it does.Think of your life’s many different activities as threads. Some are black and some are white. But some of these activities appear to be made of a different substance.These activities contain all the tell-tale signs of love: before you do them, you find yourself looking forward to them; while you’re doing them, time speeds up and you find yourself in flow; and after you’ve done them, you feel energetic. These are your red threads, and research by the Mayo Clinic suggests that doctors who weave the fabric of their life with at least 20% red threads are significantly less likely to experience burnout.The simplest way for you to do this is to spend a week in love with your job. During the week, any time you find yourself feeling one of the signs of love write down exactly what you were doing in the column “Love”. And any time you find yourself feeling the inverse write down what you were doing in the column “Loathe”. By the end of the week you will see a list of activities in your “Love” column, which create in you a positive feeling, one that draws you in and lifts you up.Our goal should be to, little by little, week by week, intentionally unbalance all aspects of our work toward the former and away from the latter. Not simply to make us feel better, but so that our colleagues, our friends and our family can all benefit from us at our very best.42. What is the author’s attitude towards work-life balance?A. Doubtful.B. Disapproving.C. Supportive.D. Neutral.43. The author uses three anesthesiologists as examples to ________.A. prove people benefit from workB. indicate doctors take pride in their workC. show people gain joy from different situationsD. imply doctors reduce the pressure of work successfully44. “Red threads” in Paragraph 4 refer to the activities that ________.A. arouse your passionB. satisfy your desiresC. improve your motivationD. require your efforts45. Which of the following does the author probably agree with?A. Red threads are necessary for a balanced life.B. Recording activities helps create positive feeling.C. Find love in work instead of keeping work-life balance.D. Maximize what you love to remove the heaviness from work.2020延庆一模DEducators today are more and more often heard to say that computer literacy is absolutely necessary for college students. Many even argue that each incoming freshman should have his orher own microcomputer. What advantages do computers offer the college students?Any student who has used a word processor will know one compelling reason to use a computer: to write papers. Although not all students feel comfortable composing on a word processor, most find revising and editing much easier on it. One can alter, insert, or delete just by pressing a few keys, thus eliminating the need to rewrite or re-type. Furthermore, since the revision process is less difficult, students are more likely to revise as often as is necessary to end up with the best paper possible. For these reasons, many freshman English courses require the use of a word processor.Computers are also useful in the context of language courses, where they are used to drill students in basic skills. Software programs strengthen ESL(English as a Second Language ) instruction, as well as instruction in French, German, Spanish, and other languages. By using these programs on a regular basis, students can improve their skills in a language while proceeding at their own pace.Science students take advantage of computers in many ways. Using computer graphic capabilities, for example, botany( 植物学）students can represent and analyze different plant growth patterns. Medical students can learn to interpret computerized images of internal body structures. Physics students can complete complex calculations farmore quickly than they could without the use of computer.Similarly, business and accounting students find that computer spreadsheet programs are all but important to many aspects of their work, while students pursuing careers in graphic arts, marketing, and public relations find that knowledge of computer graphic is important. Education majors learn to develop grading systems using computers, while social science students use computers for analyzing and graphically displacing their research results.It is no wonder, then, that educators support the purchase and use of microcomputers by students. A useful tool, the computer can help students learn. And that is, after all, the reason for going to college.42. The word"literacy" (Line 1,Paragraph 1) means _________.A. the ability to read and writeB. the ability to useC. literatureD. the knowledge of language43. According to the author, a word processor can be used to_________.A. revise papersB. retype papersC. reduce the psychological burden of writing papersD. improve the writing skills of a student44. According to the author, the reason for students to go to college is _________.A. to learn somethingB. to perfect themselvesC. to improve computer skillsD. to make the best use of computers45. The main purpose of this passage is to _________.A. persuade the educators to increase computer use in their own classroomB. analyze advantages and disadvantages of computer use among college studentsC. identify some of the ways that computers benefit college studentsD. describe how computers can be used to teach foreign languages2020门头沟一模DWhen I re-entered the full-time work after a decade of running my own business, there was a top thing I was looking forward to: to make friends with the colleagues once again. As a matter of fact, it wasn't until I entered the company that I realized making friends with colleagues wasn’t the first at all. It is developing interpersonal relationships at work that is vital, which can not only help overcome a range of problems at work but also promote productivity and the quality of work output.Perhaps my expectations of lunches and chatting with friends were the memory of the last time I was in that kind of office environment. However, as I near the end of my fourth decade, I realize work can be fully functional and entirely satisfying without needing to be the best workmates with the people sitting next to you.In an academic analysis just published in the very influential Journal of Management, researchers have developed the idea of "indifferent relationships", which is a simple term that summarizes the fact that relationships at work can be less close, unimportant and even replaceable.Indifferent relationships are neither positive nor negative. The limited research conducted so far shows they're especially obvious among those who value independence over cooperation, and harmony over disharmony. Indifference is also the preferred choice among those who are socially lazy and regard maintaining relationships over the long term takes effort.As mentioned above, indifferent relationships may not always be the most helpful way in solving problems at work. Even so, there are proven benefits on indifferent relationship. One of them is efficiency. Less time chatting and socializing means more time working and producing. Another is self-respect. As human beings, we tend to compare ourselves to each other. Apparently, we look down on acquaintances more than friends. In the process their strengths can raise the sense of self-worth. The third advantage is that the emotional neutrality of indifferent relationshipshas been found to improve critical thinking, enhance people’s attention to task solving, and make it easier to gain valuable information.None of those benefits might be as fun as after-work socializing but, hey, I'll take it anyway.42. What did the author realize when he re-entered the company?A. Building interpersonal relationships was important.B. Making new friends with workmates was not so easy as he had expected.C. Developing positive interpersonal relationships helped him find his place.D. Working in companies requires more interpersonal skills than self-employment.43. Which one belongs to indifferent relationships at work according to the passage？A. Being in conflict with workmates in the office.B. Spending less time chatting and socializing in the office.C. Having deep and meaningful conversations with colleagues.D. Being the best mates with the people sitting next to you in the office.44. What can be one of the benefits of the indifferent relationships?A. They provide fun at work.B. They improve work efficiency.C. They help control emotions at work.D. They help solve problems during work time.45. What’s the author’s attitude towards indifferent relationships?A. Cautious.B. Doubtful.C. Approving.D. Indifferent.2020密云一模DThe latest research suggests that the key factor separating geniuses from the merely accomplished is not I.Q.，a generally bad predictor of success. Instead, it's purposeful practice. Top performers spend more hours practising their craft. If you wanted to picture how a typical genius might develop, you'd take a girl who possessed a slightly above average language ability. It wouldn't have to be a big talent, just enough so that she might gain some sense of distinction. Then you would want her to meet, say, a novelist, who coincidentally shared some similar qualities. Maybe the writer was from the same town, had the same family background, or, shared the same birthday.This contact would give the girl a vision of her future self. It would give her some idea of a fascinating circle she might someday join. It would also help if one of her parents died when she was 12, giving her a strong sense of insecurity and fuelling a desperate need for success. Armedwith this ambition, she would read novels and life stories of writers without end. This would give her a primary knowledge of her field. She'd be able to see new writing in deeper ways and quickly understand its inner workings.Then she would practise writing. Her practice would be slow, painstaking and error-focused.By practising in this way, she delays the automatizing process. Her mind wants to turn conscious, newly learned skills into unconscious, automatically performed skills. By practising slowly, by breaking skills down into tiny parts and repeating, she forces the brain to internalize a better pattern of performance. Then she would find an adviser who would provide a constant stream of feedback. viewing her performance from the outside, correcting the smallest errors, pushing her to take on tougher challenges. By now she is redoing problems——how do I get characters into a room——dozens and dozens of times. She is establishing habits of thought she can call upon in order to understand or solve future problems.The primary quality our young writer possesses is not some mysterious genius. It's the ability to develop a purposeful, laborious and boring practice routine; the latest research takes some of the magic out of great achievement. But it underlines a fact that is often neglected. Public discussion is affected by genetics and what we're "hard-wired" to do. And it's true that genes play a role in our capabilities. But the brain is also very plastic. We construct ourselves through behaviour.42. The passage mainly deals with.A. the decisive factor in making a geniusB. the relationship between genius and successC. the function of I.Q. in cultivating a writerD. the way of gaining some sense of distinction43 .By reading novels and writers' stories, the girl could.A. learn from the living examples to establish a sense of securityB. join a fascinating circle of writers somedayC. share with a novelist her likes and dislikesD. come to understand the inner structure of writing44. In the girl's long painstaking training process,.A. her adviser forms a primary challenging force to her successB. she comes to realize she is "hard-wired"' to writeC. she acquires the magic of some great achievementD. her writing turns into an automatic pattern of performance45. What can be concluded from the passage?A. A fuelling ambition plays a leading role in one's success.B. A responsible adviser is more important than the knowledge of writing.C .What really-matters is what you do rather than who you are.D.As to the growth of a genius. I.Q. doesn't matter. but just his/her effort.2020平谷一模DAI can identify rare genetic disordersPeople with genetic syndromes(基因遗传综合症) sometimes have revealing facial features, but using them to make a quick and cheap diagnosis can be tricky when there are hundreds ofpossible conditions they may have. A new neural(神经的) network that analyses photographs of faces can help doctors narrow down the possibilities.Gurovich at biotechnology firm FDNA in Boston and his team built a neural network to look at the gestalt(形态) — or overall impression of faces and return a list of the 10 genetic syndromes a person is most likely to have.They trained the neural network, called DeepGestalt, on 17,000 images correctly labeled to correspond to more than 200 genetic syndromes. The team then asked the AI to identify potential genetic disorders from a further 502 photographs of people with such conditions. It included the correct answer among its list of 10 responses 91 per cent of the time.Gurovich and his team also tested the AI’ s ability to distinguish between different genetic mutations (突变) that can lead to the same syndrome. They used images of people with Noonan syndrome, which can result from mutations in one of five genes. DeepGestalt accurately identified the genetic source of the physical appearance 64 per cent of the time.“It’ s clearly not perfect,” says Gurovich. “But it’ s still much better than humans are at tryingto do this. ”As the system makes its assessments, the facial regions that were most helpful in the determination are highlighted and made available for doctors to view. This helps them to understand the relationships between genetic make-up and physical appearance.The fact that the diagnosis is based on a simple photograph raises questions of privacy. If faces can reveal details about genetics, then employers and insurance providers could, in principle, secretly use such techniques to discriminate against people with a high probability of having certain disorders.However, Gurovich says the tool will only be available to doctors. Christoffer Nellaker at the University of Oxford says this technique could bring significant benefits for those with genetic syndromes.“This is not fundamentally different information than we’ re sharing walking down the street, or we’ re happy to share with Facebook or Google,” he says. “But questioning the data in this way means you can obtain information about health or disease status. ”“The real value here is that for some of these extreme rare diseases, the process of diagnosis can be many, many years. This kind of technology can help narrow down the search space and then be confirmed through checking genetic markers,” he says.For some diseases,this kind of technology will cut down the time to diagnose thoroughly. For others, it could perhaps add a means of finding other people with the disease and, in turn, helpfind new treatments or cures.42. What is the purpose of Gurovich’ s neural network?A. To test the AI’ s ability.B. To analyze photographs of faces.C. To help doctors reduce the range of the diagnosis.D. To research the overall impression of patients’ faces.43. What disadvantage does Deep Gestalt bring?A. It will probably involve in the people’ s privacy.B. It cannot provide information about health or disease.C. The diagnosis based on a simple photograph is not accurate.D. It could perhaps add a means of finding other people with the disease.。

门头沟区2022年高三年级综合练习（一）英语试卷2022．3第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A few weeks ago, I received a package containing seeds from my friend. When I asked her what they would 1 into, a smile crossed her face. “Just plant them and be patient. You’ll see for yourself2 !” she said.I sowed the seeds in a flowerpot. In the first few days, I was very excited to search for the slightest signs, but 3 happened. With heavy loads of homework, I began to feel sad and 4 . How much I longed for the color in my fast-paced life.I watered the plants in dry periods. On the eighth day, to my great5 , a few light green sprouts（新芽）appeared. Bending down and studying the plants, I could almost hear them growing. More days passed, and the flowerpot soon became6 with coriander（香菜）plants.Now they are taller than the edge of the pot, constantly shaking their leaves in the gentle wind, as if they were merrily singing a song of7 .I am certain that after a few more days, my plants will be ready for8 . These plants have played an important part in 9 up my everyday life. They may not be a main dish on our table, but using somewill surely make our dishes delicious.Let us all slow our pace down and be patient. So long as we take steps to set our hearts free, time and patience will 10 us with the pure pleasure of being alive in this lovely world.1. A. grow B. run C. lookD. break2. A. immediately B. finally C. quicklyD. regularly3. A. anything B. everything C. somethingD. nothing4. A. shocked B. disappointed C. embarrassedD. scared5. A. surprise B. pity C. shameD. anxiety6. A. packed B. lined C. crowdedD. piled7. A. courage B. freedom C. interestD. relief8. A. harvest B. loss C. sightsD. rest9. A. picking B. ending C. brighteningD. taking10. A. impress B. assist C. surroundD. reward第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。

2024北京高三一模英语汇编阅读理解D篇一、阅读理解（2024北京门头沟高三一模）A recent global study, which surveyed 10,000 young people from 10 countries, showed that nearly 60 percent of them were extremely worried about the future state of the planet. The report, which was published in The Lancet, also showed that nearly half of the respondents said that such distress affected them daily, and three quarters agreed with the statement that “the future is frightening.” This, along with many other studies, shows clearly that climate change is not just a threat to the environment that we inhabit. It also poses a very real threat to our emotional well-being. Psychologists have categorized these feelings of grief and worry about the current climate emergency, a common occurrence among youth today, under the label of “eco-anxiety”.Eco-anxiety doesn’t just affect young people. It also affects researchers who work in climate and ecological science, burdened by the reality depicted by their findings, and it affects the most economically marginalized (边缘化的) across the globe, who bear the damaging impacts of climate breakdown.In 2024, eco-anxiety will rise to become one of the leading causes of mental health problems. The reasons are obvious. Scientists estimate that the world is likely to breach safe limits of temperature rise above pre-industrial levels for the first time by 2027.In recent years, we’ve seen wildfires tear through Canada and Greece, and summer floods ruin regions in Pakistan that are home to nearly 33 million people. Studies have shown that those impacted by air pollution and rising temperatures are more likely to experience psychological distress.To make matters worse, facing climate crisis, our political class is not offering strong leadership. The COP28 conference in Dubai will be headed by an oil and gas company executive. In the UK, the government is backtracking on its green commitments.Fortunately, greater levels of will also offer an avenue for resolving the climate crisis directly. According to Caroline Hickman, a researcher on eco-anxiety from the University of Bath, anyone experiencing eco-anxiety is displaying entirely natural and rational reactions to the climate crisis. This is why, in 2024, we will also see more people around the world join the fight for climate justice and seek jobs that prioritize environmental sustainability. Campaigners will put increased pressure on fossil fuel industries and the governments to rapidly abandon the usage of polluting coal, oil, and gas.It’s now clear that not only are these industries the main causes for the climate crisis, they are also responsible for the mental health crisis, which is starting to affect most of us. Eco-anxiety is not something we will defeat with therapy, but something we will tackle by taking action.1．What can we learn from the passage?A．The cause of eco-anxiety is emotions existing in our mind.B．People in developed countries are more likely to suffer from eco-anxiety.C．Eco-anxiety is a new kind of psychological disease due to climate change.D．The author is disappointed about government behaviour towards climate crisis.2．What does the underlined word “breach” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?A．Break.B．Reach.C．Raise.D．Affect.3．As for Caroline Hickman’s opinion on eco-anxiety, the author is .A．puzzled B．favourable C．suspicious D．unconcerned4．What would be the best title for the passage?A．Who Is to Blame for Eco-anxiety?B．How Should You See Eco-anxiety?C．How Will Eco-anxiety Be Resolved?D．Why Do People Suffer from Eco-anxiety?（2024北京延庆高三一模）It is rapidly emerging as one of the most important technological, and increasingly ideological, divides of our times: should powerful generative artificial intelligence systems be open or closed?Supporters say they broaden access to the technology, stimulate innovation and improve reliability by encouraging outside scrutiny. Far cheaper to develop and deploy, smaller open models also inject competition into a field dominated by big US companies such as Google. Microsoft and OpenAI that have invested billions developing massive, closed and closely controlled generative Al systems.But detractors argue open models risk lifting the lid on a Pandora’s box of troubles. Bad actors can exploit them to spread personalised disinformation, while terrorists might use them to manufacture cyber or bio weapons. “The danger of open source is that it enables more crazies to do crazy things, “Geoffrey Hinton, one of the pioneers of modern AI, has warned.The history of OpenAI, which developed the popular ChatGPT chatbot, is itself instructive. As its name suggests, the research company was founded in 2015 with a commitment to develop the technology as openly as possible. But it later abandoned that approach for both competitive and safety reasons. Once OpenAI realised that its generative AI models were going to be “unbelievably potent”, it made little sense to open source them, Ilya Sutskever, OpenAI’s chief scientist said.Supporters of open models hit back, ridiculing the idea that open generative AI models enable people to access information they could not otherwise find from the internet or a rogue scientist. They also highlight the competitive self-interest of the big tech companies in shouting about the dangers of open models, whose intention is to establish their own market dominance strongly.But there is an ideological dimension to this debate, too. Yann LeCun, chief scientist of Meta, has likened the arguments for controlling the technology to medieval obscurantism (蒙昧主义): the belief that only a self-selecting priesthood of experts is wise enough to handle knowledge.In the future, all our interactions with the vast digital repository of human knowledge will be mediated through Al systems. We should not want a handful of Silicon Valley companies to control that access. Just as the internet flourished by resisting attempts to enclose it, so AI will thrive by remaining open, LeCun argues.Wendy Hall, royal professor of computer science at Southampton university, says we do not want to live in a world where only the big companies run generative Al. Nor do we want to allow users to do anything they like with open models. “We have to find some compromise,” she suggests.We should certainly resist the tyranny (暴政) of the binary (二进制) when it comes to thinking about AI models. Both open and closed models have their benefits and flaws. As the capabilities of these models evolve, we will constantly have to tweak the weightings between competition and control.5. What does the underlined word “potent” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?A. Accessible.B. Powerful.C. Significant.D. Unnoticeable.6. What can we learn from this passage?A. It needs billions of dollars to develop and deploy open-source models.B. The field of generative AI systems is dominated by big companies.C. Only self-selecting experts can handle open models wisely.D. Users can do anything they like with open models at this moment.7. Regarding Wendy Hall’s suggestions, the author is ______.A. sympatheticB. puzzledC. unconcernedD. opposed8. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. How to Keep the Lid on the Pandora’s Box of Open AIB. Divides on Open AI: technology and ideologyC. Where does the Debate on Open AI EndD. Pros and Cons of Open AI（2024北京东城高三一模）When I teach research methods, a major focus is peer review. As a process, peer review evaluates academic papers for their quality, integrity and impact on a field, largely shaping what scientists accept as "knowledge"- By instinct, any academic follows up a new idea with the question, "Was that peer reviewed?"Although I believe in the importance of peer review and I help do peer reviews for several academic journals-I know how vulnerable the process can be.I had my first encounter with peer review during my first year as a Ph. D student. One day, my adviser handed me an essay and told me to have my -written review back to him in a week. But at the time, I certainly was not a "peer"--I was too new in my field. Manipulated data （不实的数据）or substandard methods could easily have gone undetected. Knowledge is not self-evident. Only experts would be able to notice them, and even then, experts do not always agree on what they notice.Let's say in my life I only see white swans. Maybe I write an essay, concluding that all swans are white. And a "peer" says, "Wait a minute, I've seen black swans. "I would have to refine my knowledge.The peer plays a key role evaluating observations with the overall goal of advancing knowledge. For example, if the above story were reversed, and peer reviewers who all believed that all swans were white came across the first study observing a black swan, the study would receive a lot of attention.So why was a first-year graduate student getting to stand in for an expert? Why would my review count the same as an expert's review? One answer: The process relies almost entirely on unpaid labor.Despite the fact that peers are professionals, peer review is not a profession. As a result, the same over-worked scholars often receive masses of the peer review requests. Besides the labor inequity, a small pool of experts can lead to a narrowed process of what is publishable or what counts as knowledge, directly threatening diversity of perspectives and scholars. Without a large enough reviewer pool, the process can easily fall victim to biases, arising from a small community recognizing each other's work and compromising conflicts of interest.Despite these challenges. I still tell my students that peer review offers the best method for evaluating studies aird advancing knowledge. As a process, peer review theoretically works. The question is whether the issues with peer review can be addressed by professionalizing the field.9. What can we learn about peer review in the first paragraph?A. It generates knowledge.B. It is commonly practiced.C. It is a major research method.D. It is questioned by some scientists.10. What can be inferred about the example of swans?A. Complexity of peer review ensures its reliability.B. Contradictions between scientists may be balanced.C. Individuals can be limited by personal experiences.D. Experts should detect unscientific observation methods.11. What is the author's major concern about peer review?A. Workload for scholars.B. Toughness of the process.C. Diversification of publications.D. Financial support to reviewers.12. The passage is mainly about ______.A. what fuels peer review B why peer review is imperfectC. how new hands advance peer reviewD. whether peer reviewers are underrated（2024北京西城高三一模）While some allergies（过敏症）disappear over time or with treatment, others last a lifetime. For decades, scientists have been searching for the source of these lifetime allergies.Recently, researchers found that memory B cells may be involved. These cells produce a different class of antibodies known as IgG, which ward off viral infections But no one had identified exactly which of those cells were recalling allergens or how they switched to making the IgE antibodies responsible for allergies. To uncover the mysterious cells, two research teams took a deep dive into the immune （免疫的）cells of people with allergies and some without.Immunologist Joshua Koenig and colleagues examined more than 90, 000 memory B cells from six people with birch allergies, four people allergic to dust mites and five people with no allergies. Using a technique called RNA sequencing. the team identified specific memory B cells. which they named MBC2s. that make antibodies and proteins associated with the immune response that causes allergiesIn another experiment, Koenig and colleagues used a peanut protein to go fishing for memory B cells from people with peanut allergies. The team pulled out the same type of cells found in people with birch and dust mite allergies. In people with peanut allergies, those cells increased in number and produced IgE antibodies as the people started treatment to desensitize them to peanut allergens.Another group led by Maria Curotto de Lafaille, an immunologist at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City, also found that similar cells were more. plentiful in 58 children allergic to peanuts than in 13 kids without allergies. The team found that the cells are ready to switch from making protective IgG antibodies to allergy-causing IgE antibodies. Even before the switch, the cells were making RNA for IgE but didn't produce the protein. Making that RNA enables the cells to switch the type of antibodies they make when they encounter allergens. The signal to switch partially depends on a protein called JAK. the group discovered. "Stopping JAK from sending the signal could help prevent the memory cells from switching to IgE production, " Lafaille says. She also predicts that allergists may be able to examine aspects of these memory cells to forecast whether a patient's allergy is likely to last or disappear with time or treatment.“Knowing which population of cells store allergies in long-term memory may eventually help scientists identify other ways to kill the allergy cells, " says Cecilia Berin, an immunologist at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. "You could potentially get rid of not only your peanut allergy but also all of your allergies. "13. Why did scientists investigate the immune cells of individuals with and without allergies?A. To explore the distinctions between IgG and IgE.B. To uncover new antibodies known as IgG and IgE.C. To identify cells responsible for defending against allergies.D. To reveal cells associated with the development of allergies.14. What does the word "desensitize" underlined in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?A. Make. . . less destructive.B. Make. . . less responsive.C. Make. . . less protective.D. Make. . . less effective.15. What can we learn from the two research teams' work?A. MBC2s make antibodies and proteins that prevent allergies.B. Memory B cells generate both RNA for IgE and the corresponding protein.C. JAK plays a role in controlling antibody production when exposed to allergens.D. Allergists are capable of predicting whether an allergy will last or disappear.16. Which could be the best title for the passage?A. RNA Sequencing Is Applied in Immunology ResearchB. Specific Cells Related to Peanut Allergies Are IdentifiedC. Unmasking Cells' Identities Helps Diagnose and Treat AllergiesD. Newfound Immune Cells Are Responsible for Long-lasting Allergies（2024北京石景山高三一模）On Feb.21, four students were standing on the side of Pacific Coast Highway in Malibu when a driver going 110 miles per hour lost control of his car and it crashed into the parked vehicles.12 people were killed at the scene, including 2 drivers.This kind of traffic death shouldn't be called an accident. In Los Angeles, we seem to have accepted constant carnage（屠杀）in our streets in exchange for maximizing driver speed and convenience. The official responses to proven traffic dangers are mere gestures, if even that.Los Angeles is a uniquely deadly city with a death rate that is four times the national average. Unsurprisingly, it's also a city that has been designed with one thing in mind: a concept called level of service, which grades streets on how well they serve those in automobiles. To many Angelenos, that makes sense—to design our streets for car traffic, which is the way many get around the city. Unfortunately, we don't recognize that there's a trade-off. We can either have streets bettered for free-flowing traffic, or we can design streets for people to move around safely outside of cars.City leaders consistently choose for the easy but deadly option. In one recent example, a resident asked the city's Department of Transportation to block drivers from using Cochran Avenue at Venice Boulevard as a cut-through street, as they were speeding through a quiet residential neighbourhood. The department responded by suggesting a "speed awareness campaign" in which neighbours put up yard signs urging drivers to slow down.People don't drive based on signage, but they drive on the design of the street. The trunk roads of Los Angeles such as Venice Boulevard all need to be revised so that people are prioritized over cars. This would include narrowing travel lanes（道）, building bike lanes, and banning right turns at red lights. These measures would make drivers feel like they're in a city and not on a highway. A recent John Hopkins study says this would have substantial safety benefits.With more than 7,500 miles of streets in the city of Los Angeles, they won't all be rebuilt anytime soon. But with each road construction project, or each crash, we should be revising streets to make them safer for all road users.The solution to traffic jam isn't to make more space for cars. It's to design the streets to be safe enough for alternatives such as biking, walking and mass transit, especially for the 50% of trips daily in Los Angeles that are less than three miles. The solution to protecting people dining outdoors isn't crash barriers. It's a street design that forces drivers to go slowly. The problem is carnage in the streets, and we know the solutions.17. Why should the traffic death in Los Angeles be called “constant carnage”？A. The traffic accidents happen quite often.B. Too many people are killed in the traffic accidents.C. The drivers' speeding is to blame for the traffic death.D. City leaders' consistent choice contributes to the traffic death.18. What does the word "trade-off" underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?A. Balance.B. Guideline.C. Conflict.D. Resolution.19. According to the passage, which is a likely solution to the traffic problem?A. To widen travel lanes.B. To add more crosswalks.C. To arrange more traffic police.D. To punish speeding drivers.20. Which would be the best title for the passage?A. Drivers first or walkers first?B. Traffic death or constant carnage?C. More warning signs or safer designs?D. More narrow lanes or speedy highways?（2024北京丰台高三一模）Several dozen graduate students in London were recently tasked with outwitting a large language model (LLM), a type of AI designed to hold useful conversations. LLMs are often programmed with guardrails designed to stop them giving harmful replies: instructions on making bombs in a bathtub, say, or the confident statement of “facts” that are not actually true.The aim of the task was to break those guardrails. Some results were merely stupid. For example, one participant got the chatbot to claim ducks could be used as indicators of air quality. But the most successful efforts were those that made the machine produce the titles, publication dates and host journals of non-existent academic articles.AI has the potential to be a big benefit to science. Optimists talk of machines producing readable summaries of complicated areas of research; tirelessly analysing oceans of data to suggest new drugs and even, one day, coming up with hypotheses of their own. But AI comes with downsides, too.Start with the simplest problem: academic misconduct. Some journals allow researchers to use LLMs to help write papers. But not everybody is willing to admit to it. Sometimes, the fact that LLMs have been used is obvious. Guillaume Cabanac, a computer scientist, has uncovered dozens of papers that contain phrases such as “regenerate response”-the text of a button in some versions of ChatGPT that commands the program to rewrite its most recent answer, probably copied into the manuscript(原稿)by mistake.Another problem arises when AI models are trained on AI-generated data. LLMs are trained on text from the Internet. As they churn out(大量炮制)more such text, the risk of LLMs taking in their own outputs grows. That can cause “model collapse”. In 2023 Ilia Shumailov, a computer scientist, co-authored a paper in which a model wasfed handwritten digits and asked to generate digits of its own, which were fed back to it in turn. After a few cycles, the computer's numbers became more or less illegible. After 20iterations (迭代),it could produce only rough circles or blurry lines.Some worry that computer-generated insights might come from models whose inner workings are not understood. Inexplainable models are not useless, says David Leslie at an AI-research outfit in London, but their outputs will need rigorous testing in the real world. That is perhaps less unnerving than it sounds. Checking models against reality is what science is supposed to be about, after all.For now, at least, questions outnumber answers. The threats that machines pose to the scientific method are, at the end of the day, the same ones posed by humans.AI could accelerate the production of nonsense just as much as it accelerates good science. As the Royal Society has it, nullius in verba: take nobody's word for it. No thing's, either.21.The result of the task conducted in London shows that___________.A. LLMs give away useful informationB. the guardrails turn out to be ineffectiveC.AI's influence will potentially be decreasedD. the effort put into the study of AI hardly pays off22.What does “model collapse”indicate?A. The readability of the models' output is underestimated.B. The diverse sources of information confuse the models.C. Training on regenerated data stops models working well.D. The data will become reliable after continuous iterations.23.According to the passage, people's worry over the inexplainable models is___________.A. impracticalB. unjustifiedC. groundlessD. unsettling24.What would be the best title for the passage?A. Faster Nonsense: AI Could Also Go WrongB. Imperfect Models: How Will AI Make Advances?C. The Rise of LLMs: AI Could Still Be PromisingD. Bigger Threats: AI Will Be Uncontrollable参考答案1．D 2．A 3．B 4．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。

2020-2021学年北京市门头沟区新桥路中学高三英语一模试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AWhen the weather is bad or when the flu breaks out, we can let the kids do some fun things at home, which can be beneficial to kids.Reading out loudIf your children are young enough, don't forget to read books to them out loud! Few children dislikehaving a good book read to them, and it's great for the development of their brains. However, if your children are a bit older and have moved onto more advanced books, there is always the choice of listening to an audiobook. This can also be done while they're doing something else.Playing board gamesMaybe your children's table is full of board games, which have been forgotten for a long time. It's a good time to bring them out when playing outside is no longer a choice. Surely, playing board games is a great way to connect with children. In addition, many board games are designed to get children thinking!Having a dance partyConsidering that all you need is a speaker or maybe just a phone, you can have a dance party wherever you are! This is a great way to get kids’ bodies moving when they are inside. Play some of your children's favorite music and let them dance to it. Not only is it good exercise, but it will help your children feel time is flying!Doing jigsaw (拼图) puzzlesFor most people that have children, it's common to have at least one jigsaw puzzle at home. Jigsaw puzzles are great because everyone can do them on their own time. Besides, your whole family will have a sense of achievement when everyone is smiling over the finished product.1. What do reading out loud and playing board games have in common?A. They both develop children's team spirit.B. They both improve children's listening ability.C. They both do good to children's thinking ability.D. They both focus on interaction between children.2. Which of the following combines exercise and music?A. Reading out loud.B. Playing board games.C. Doing jigsaw puzzles.D. Having a dance party.3. What is the purpose of the text?A. To list four interesting children's parties.B. To recommend four children's favorite books.C. To introduce some activities for children inside.D. To show some funny things for children outside.BDogs are often referred to as “man's best friend”. But MacKenzie, a four-pound Chihuahua (奇瓦瓦狗), who was named winner of the 2020 American Hero Dog competition, is making the world a better place for humans and animals alike. Often called the “Oscars for dogs”, the award recognizes dogs who make great contributions to society.This year's competition attracted over 400 competitors from across the country. While all were impressive, it was tiny MacKenzie who won the judges' hearts. Born at a rescue shelter in Hilton, New York, in 2013, she had a cleft palate (腭裂) that required her to be tube fed for the first year of her life. A life-saving operation, performed in 2014, gave her the ability to eat and drink independently, enabling the tiny dog to focus on doing what she loved most: taking care of others.The seven-year-old Chihuahua is now gainfully “employed” by the Mid Foundation, a Rochester, New York-based non-profit organization that shelters and cares for animals born with disabilities. MacKenzie's official job is “to provide love and care for baby rescue animals born with birth defects”. The Chihuahua is good at her job and hasnurturedmany different species-from puppies to kittens to turkeys, squirrels, birds and even a goat. She acts as their mother and teaches them how to socialize, play, and have good manners.In addition to her role as an animal caretaker, MacKenzie also has the important job of greeting the foundation's volunteers and friends. The incredible dog, who has lost her ability to bark, also visits area schools to help children understand physical disabilities in both animals and people. Her heart-warming and inspiring story makes MacKenzie worthy of America's top dog honor!4. What made MacKenzie American Hero Dog?A. Being man's best friend.B. Her struggle with disabilities.C. Rescuing animals with disabilities.D. Her contributions to a better world.5. What can we infer about MacKenzie from Paragraph 2?A. Her growth path was not easy.B. She was deserted by her owner.C. She was operated on at two years old.D. She still needs taking care of by others.6. What does the underlined word “nurtured” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Trained.B. Comforted.C. Tended.D. Abused.7. Which can be a suitable title for the text?A. MacKenzie—The Most Hard-working DogB. MacKenzie—America's “Most Heroic Dog”C. Chihuahua—Inspiration of Positive EnergyD. Chihuahua—Appeal for Animals' ProtectionCA PhD student inMichigandefended her paper while wearing a skirt madeof rejection letters she received while studying. 29-year-old Caitlin Kirby printed out 17 of her rejection letters — from scholarships, academic journals, and conferences — then folded each one into a fan. She connected them in rows, and by the end she designed the item into a skirt and wore it.She said that the idea behind her unique clothing item came out of a desire to normalize rejection and take pride in overcoming it. "The whole process of revisiting those old letters and making that skirt sort of reminded me that you have to apply to a lot of things to succeed," she said. "A natural part of the process is to get rejected along the way."Caitlin's adviser, Julie Libarkin, a professor of earth and environmental science atMichiganStateUniversity, also encourages the acceptance of failure in her students. Libarkin believes it's important for students to get into habit of applying for things, and to get used to the feeling of rejection, so she encourages them to chase after any opportunity that comes their way. If a student doesn't get the grant or the spot in the academic journal, that's okay. They'll still have learned something in the process.As for Caitlin? Her rejections over the years have led to great things: Since her doctorate, she's won a scholarship to do further research on urban agriculture inGermany.Currently, she's a post-doctoral researcher at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. As for what the future holds? "I'm prepared to receive a few more rejection letters along the way," she joked heartily, "Maybe I'll make a longer skirt."8. What can we learn about Caitlin Kirby's rejection letters?A. She received 17 rejections in total.B. 29 of her rejections were from journals.C. The rejections were connected into a fan.D. She made some rejection letters into a skirt.9. What is Julie Libarkin's attitude towards Caitlin's action?A. Favorable.B. Ambiguous.C. Skeptical.D. Opposed.10. Which of the following words can best describe Catlin?A. Creative and considerate.B. Caring and determined.C. Optimistic and humorous.D. Generous and intelligent.11. Which of the following may Caitlin agree with?A. Hard work pays off.B. Education is the entrance to success.C. Self-respect earns more respect.D. One needs to normalize failures.DAs we all know, there are plenty of different parks to visit in theUK. All theme parks inBritainhave cafes, restaurants, picnic areas and gift shops, so you'll still have plenty to see and do when you and the kids have been on enough rides. There are usually smaller “funfair“ rides and games as well, so younger children won't get bored. Several theme parks also have other attractions next to them, e. g. water parks often open all year round, unlike the theme parks.Whenever you are inBritain, there's likely to be a theme park within one or two hours,drive, bus ride or train journey. Several theme parks even have accommodation(膳宿)so you can stay for a day or two if you want to make a trip into a short holiday.Prices forUKtheme parks vary considerably; some have an entrance price which allows you to go on all the rides, while in others you have to pay for every ride individually. It can also make a difference whether you go during peak time or not. For example, tickets always cost more during school holidays and weekends than they do during the weekdays.Theme parks always get very busy during the summer months, so if you don't like crowds ifs usually a good idea to go earlier or later in the year!If you're thinking of visiting aUKtheme park, it's worth having a look for special offers on tickets. Products such as chocolate bars and cereals sometimes have " buy one get one free" offers on theme park tickets, so keep alook out in shops and supermarkets.12. This passage mainly talks about all the following EXCEPT.______.A. things to doB. prices for theme parksC. rules to obeyD. special offers13. If you go to the theme park during the weekdays, you'll probably.______.A. have to spend moreB. save some moneyC. win a big prizeD. get something free14. According to the passage, what should you do if you are tired of crowds in the theme park?A. Avoid the busiest months.B. Go earlier or later in the daytime.C. Choose one with few visitors.D. Go there when no one is in it.15. The best title for the text would be ______.A. What to Do in the Theme ParkB. Theme Parks in theUKC. Visiting the Theme ParkD. Introduction to Famous Theme Parks第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。