2018年广西师范大学语文教育理论与方法B考研真题硕士研究生入学考试试题

广西师范学院2018年全日制硕士研究生招生考试科目考试大纲
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广西师范大学研究生入学考试试题-语言学与应用语言学问号是开启所有科学殿堂的钥匙。

【巴尔扎克】●语言学与应用语言学、汉语言文字学●研究方向：方言与音韵、文字训诂、语法史、现代汉语语法、对外汉语、语法修辞学等科目：古代汉语《方言疏证》王念孙《尔雅注》毛亨《说文解字》赵歧《论语正义》刘熙《广雅疏证》陆德明《古书疑义举例》郭璞《诗经故训传》俞樾《释名》刘宝楠《孟子章句》许慎《经典释文》戴震二、解释象形、指事、会意、形声四种造字方式，并各举二例说明之（解释占12分，举例说明占8分，共计20分）三、指出下列句中加线的词的句中义，并说明是用的本义，还是引申义，或者是假借义（每小题3分，共计18分）1．郑伯克段于鄢。

2．彻彼桑土，塞向瑾户。

3．爱而不见，搔首踯躅。

4．封书，谢孟尝君。

5．清声而便体，秀外而惠中。

6．薜荔拍兮惠绸。

四、以下几个词语古义与今义有何不同？（每小题3分，共计12分）1.丈人2.地方3.汤4.锻炼五、举例说明在古代典籍中，宾语在哪些情况下可以前置？（15分）六、简答：（每小题5分，共计15分）1.中古的精清从心邪在今天的普通话中是如何分化的？2.为什么“德红”可以切出“东”的读音来？3.在一些方言中，把柱子的“柱”读成[ty21],请用古音学的原理解释之。

七.标点翻译下面一段文字，并用下划线标识出其中动词、形容词用如使动的句子。

（标点占16分，标识词类活用14分，共计30分）民不失务则利之农不失时则成之薄赋敛则予之俭宫室台榭则乐之吏清不苛扰则喜之民失其务则害之农失其时则败之无罪而罚则杀之重赋敛则夺之多为宫室台榭以疲民力则苦之吏浊苛扰则怒之故善为国者驭民如父母之爱子如兄之爱弟见其饥寒则为之忧见其劳苦则为之悲赏罚如加诸身赋敛如取于己此爱民之道也。

八.翻译下面一段文字，并回答问题（翻译占16分，回答问题占14分，共计30分）问号是开启所有科学殿堂的钥匙。

【巴尔扎克】《说文》之为书，以文字兼声音训诂者也。

绝密★启用前2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（广西卷）语文试题注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、现代文阅读（36分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1~3题。

对城市而言，文明弹性是一个城市体在生存、创新、适应、应变等方面的综合状态、综合能力，是公共性与私人性之间、多样性与共同性之间、稳定性与变迁性之间、柔性与刚性之间的动态和谐，过于绵柔、松散，或者过于刚硬、密集，都是弹性不足或丧失的表现，是城市体出现危机的表征。

当代城市社会，尤其需要关注以下文明弹性问题。

其一，空间弹性。

城市具有良好空间弹性的一个重要表现，是空间的私人性与公共性关系能够得到较为合理的处理。

任何城市空间都是私人性与公共性的统一，空间弹性的核心问题，就是如何实现空间的公共性与私人性的有机统一、具体转换。

片面地强调空间的公共性或片面地强调空间的私人性，都会使城市发展失去基础，目前，人们更多地要求空间的私人性，注重把空间固化为永恒的私人所有物、占有物。

这种以私人化为核心的空间固化倾向，造成城市空间弹性不足，正在成为制约城市发展的一个重要原因。

其二，制度弹性，一种较为理想的、有弹性的城市制度，是能够在秩序与活力、生存与发展间取得相对平衡的制度。

城市有其发展周期、发展阶段，对一个正在兴起的城市而言，其主要任务是聚集更多的发展资源、激活发展活力，而对一个已经发展起来的城市而言，人们会更为注重城市制度的稳定功能。

但问题在于，即使是正在崛起的城市，也需要面对秩序与稳定的问题；即使是一个已经发展起来的城市，也需要面对新活力的激活问题。

过于注重某种形式的城市制度，过于注重城市制度的某种目标，都是城市制度弹性不足，走向僵化的表现，都会妨害城市发展。

2018年教育学考研真题及答案完整版一、单项选择题：1～45小题，每小题2分,共90分.下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项是符合题目要求的。

请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑.1.关注和探询“谁控制学校”、“谁制定学校管理的政策”、“谁决定教育的伦理、社会和经济目标”、“谁设置课程”的教育理论流派是A。

制度教育学 B。

改造主义教育理论C。

存在主义教育理论 D。

批判教育学【参考答案】D【解读】批判教育学是20世纪70年代之后兴起的一种教育思潮，主要代表人物是鲍尔斯、金蒂斯、阿普尔、吉鲁，法国的布厄迪尔等。

基本观点是：第一，当代资本主义的学校教育不是一种民主的建制和解放的力量，而是维护现实社会的不公平和不公正的工具，是造成社会差别、社会歧视和社会对立的根源；第二,教育是与社会相对应的，有什么样的社会政治、经济和文化，就有什么样的学校教育机构，社会的政治意识形态、文化样态、经济结构都强烈低制约着学校的目的、课程、师生关系、评价方式等，学校教育的功能就是再生产出占主导地位的社会政治意识形态、文化关系和经济结构；第三，批判教育学的目的就是要揭示看似自然事实背后的利益关系,帮助教师和学生对自己所处的教育环境及形成教育环境的诸多因素敏感起来，即对他们进行“启蒙”，以达到意识“解放”目的，从而积极地寻找克服教育及社会不平等和不公正的策略;第四，教育现象不是中立的和客观的，而是充满着利益纷争的,教育理论研究不能采取唯科学主义的态度和方法，而要采用实践批判的态度和方法。

从题干的角度出发，选择D.2。

如下现象属于教育范畴的是A。

爸爸针对小明懦弱的个性设法训练小明如何以牙还牙报复欺侮者B。

妈妈指导小明在与他人冲突中如何保护自己C. 老师严格管理以保护小明等弱小学生不再受欺负D。

小明在与同学的多次冲突中逐渐学会了如何与人和睦相处【参考答案】B【解读】教育的定义具有广义和狭义的区分，广义的教育指的是，凡是有目的的地增进人的知识技能，影响人的思想品德,增强人的体质的活动，不论是有组织的或是无组织的，系统的或是零碎的，都是教育。

08年文学综合一、名词解释（5分×6）楚辞意境文学批评艺术真实《女神》湖畔派二、简答题（10分×5）试述《诗经》“赋、比、兴”的含义及对后世文学创作的影响。

论市场经济条件下高雅艺术与通俗艺术发展的关系。

阿Q精神胜利法有哪些方面的表现？古华小说《芙蓉镇》是如何书写民俗风情的？简述西方古典主义文学的特征三、论述题（35分×2）李白与杜甫诗歌风格的差异及其形成原因请结合文艺发展的实际分析文学消费的二重性08文学专业基础一、简答题（15分×4）简析艾青诗歌的主要意象请简单勾勒中国现代象征诗派的发展轨迹为什么说雷抒雁《小草在歌唱》中“小草”的意象具有复合性？新历史小说的主要特征是什么二、论述题（30分×3）谈谈你对沈从文小说《边城》之“边”的理解请深入分析余光中诗歌中得“乡愁”主题结合作品，比较《啊Q正传》中得阿Q形象与《爸爸爸》中的丙崽形象的异同09文学综合一、名词解释（5分×5）荷马史诗章回小说文学研究会民间故事伤痕文学二、简答题（15分×5）简述欧洲浪漫主义文学的产生、发展及其基本特征简述先秦诸子散文的发展阶段及其特点简述闻一多诗歌理论的基本内容简述民族民间文学与作家文学的关系简述革命样板戏的制作规则及其影响三、评论写作（50分×1）题目：请根据自己所报专业，写一篇评论，谈谈你对复习时所用的本专业的《文学史》优缺点的看法。

要求言之有据，字数不少于800字。

09文学专业基础一、名词解释（5分×5）文学史意境说唱文学为艺术而艺术梁启超二、简答题（15分×4）请以某部你熟悉的古今中外名作为例，简要说明文学典型的特征请简要说明西方象征主义诗歌与中国1980年代“朦胧诗”的异同请以你熟悉的中西现象，简要说明一个民族的传统文化对文学发展的影响和意义请补全标点，谈谈你对这段话的理解。

时运交移，质文代变，古今情理，如可言乎？昔在陶唐，德盛化钧，野老吐“何力”之谈，郊童含“不识”之歌。

汉语基础名词解释（共4小题，每小题3分，共12分）1音位 2.修辞 3.会话含义 4.《说文解字》简答题（共4小题，每小题8分，共32分）举例说明调值和调类的区别和联系。

基本语汇具有什么特点，举例说明。

举例说明语言演变具有什么样的特点？什么是古今字和异体字？两有什么不同？分析题（共5小题，第1,2,3,4小题各10分，每小题5分，共60分）用国际音标给下列词语注音（普通话）。

椅子（2）线条（3）耐劳用义素分析方法分析下列这一组词的义素。

走，跑，跳根据要求分析下列短语。

用层次分析法分析层次并说明层次关系，他会不会把这个消息泄露出去。

指出歧义短语的意义，并说明产生歧义的原因：哥哥在火车上画画。

用句子成分分析法分析下列句子（分析符号：主语===，谓语______，宾语～～～，定语：（），状语[]，补语<>）连长派小王去通知李三谋来连部开会。

战士们把打捞出来的战利品装在小船上。

下列三组例子中的“也好”在语法和语义有什么不同，加以解释。

A:一曲唱完，他快活地叫道：“唱得好，词也好。

”B:彭德怀边吃边说这鱼确实不错，他的味道也好。

（2）A:周恩来和颜悦色地说：“那也好，就留着给我明天早上吃吧！”B:套谈话，他们不准，我们盼望能有个同学来通个消息也好。

A:道理已经很简单，河北也好，中国也好，必须转变这种高耗能，高污染，不可持续的经济增长模式。

B:当地人都很喜欢我，干部也好，老百姓也好，藏人也好，汉人也好，都很愿意帮助我，所以我没受到太大冲击。

改错题：改正错误，并说明理由（（共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）1.昨天，我们八个科长小组的成员都参加了市里组织的竞赛。

2.这届学术研讨会是由中文系为主持单位召开的。

3.这个问题，去年热烈地在这里讨论过。

4.从事这种工作的人，他们的思想负担和精神状态往往是沉重的。

5.这个工厂，由于生产搞上去了，因此各项政策也落实了。

阅读下列句子，回答下列问题，（共4小题，第一个问题12分，第2,3,4，问题各8分，共36分）景公走狗死，公令外共之棺，内给之祭。

【温馨提示】现在很多小机构虚假宣传，育明教育咨询部建议考生一定要实地考察，并一定要查看其营业执照，或者登录工商局网站查看企业信息。

目前，众多小机构经常会非常不负责任的给考生推荐北大、清华、北外等名校，希望广大考生在选择院校和专业的时候，一定要慎重、最好是咨询有丰富经验的考研咨询师.广西师范大学科目代码：445科目名称：汉语国际教育基础注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，直接写在试题上的不给分。

一、名词解释（共5小题,每小题2分，共10分）1.总体设计2.语言内化3.迁移4.水平测试5.民族中心主义6.封禅二、简答题（共4小题，每小题10分，共40分）1.什么是中介语？简述中介语的特征。

2.简述语法结构，交际能力，语言技能三者之间的关系。

3.课堂教学结构由哪几部分组成？4.简述跨文化交际训练的方式。

三、论述题（共4小题，每小题12分，共48分）1.请举例说明文化对于汉语的影响。

2.请论述书法艺术的特点和形成，发展的过程。

3.请举三个民族节日说明其来源与风俗。

4.试论第二语言教学流派中认知法与交际法的主要观点。

四．分析题（共4小题，共32分）1.下面是一个教学案例，请判断其中教师的做法是否正确，并说明原因。

（10分）在听力教学中，有有些老师在学生听不懂的情况下，让学一起阅读记录音文本，以此来帮助学生理解意义，这样做是否合理？为什么？2.以下是初级阶段留学生综合课的语音教材，请根据具体内容，课型及留学生语音水平设计一份教学方案。

（22分）我看看皮大衣（《汉语教程》第一册）（麦克和玛丽再服装店买大衣）售货员：您买什么？玛丽：我看看大皮衣。

售货员：你看看这件怎么样？又好又便宜。

玛丽：是真皮的吗？售货员：当然是真皮的。

玛丽：这件有一点儿长，有短一点儿的吗？售货员：你要深颜色的还是要浅的？玛丽：浅的。

我试试可以吗？售货员：可以。

玛丽：这件太肥了，有没有瘦一点儿的？售货员：你再试试这一件？玛丽：这件不大不小，正合适。

广西师范大学2018年非英语专业研究生学位英语考试试卷（2018年4月）Part I Reading Comprehension (共40分，每小题2分)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. At the end of each passage, five questions will be asked about it.You should read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide on the best choice. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneThere are different ideas about pets in different parts of the world. In most culture, animals are in a worse position than human beings. In some cases, however, people treat their pets like members of their families, or perhaps better. In the United States and Europe, there are special shops that sell clothing and food for cats and dogs.In many countries of the world, there is special food for pets. It is common for big markets in many places to sell cat food and dog food. However, in a small town in France, there is a special restaurant for dogs. Dogs are the only customers. There is seating for twenty of them. The dogs choose from a variety of dishes on the menu.Of course, in most parts of the world, pets don't live in such wealth and comfort. People treat their pets in a more practical way. People own cats and dogs because they keep away mice and other unwanted animals. Owners have some loving feelings for their pets, but they do not see them as equal to family members. In most places in the world, there isn't any special clothing or fine food for animals. There aren't any special restaurants for dogs.Pets around the world live in a great variety of ways, just as people do.1. According to the passage, in most cultures ______________________________.A. animals are in a worse position than human beingsB. people treat their pets like members of their familiesC. there are special shops that sell clothing for dogs and catsD. pets such as dogs and cats are very popular2. According to the passage, there are ______________________________.A. clothing shops for dogs and cats in the United States and EuropeB. restaurants for dogs in every city in FranceC. no dogs or cats that wear clothingD. some people who treat their pets far better than they treat themselves3. For many people, pets may have a more practical function because________________.A. pets are often useful companions for old peopleB. cats and dogs can be used to keep away miceC. pets can sometimes be sold to make moneyD. some pets may show loving feelings for their owners.4. What might you think after reading this passage?A. Dogs and cats like to wear expensive clothing.B. Many people visit the dog restaurant in France.C. People in every part of the world like to buy fine clothing for their pets.D. In some cases, animals have better food and clothing than people.5. The main idea of this reading passage is ____________________________.A. Dogs enjoy fine restaurantsB. A rich cat can afford to go to any restaurantC. People treat pets in very different ways in different parts of the worldD. It is stupid to have special food and clothing for animalsPassage TwoCollege is a new and different experience for me. I'm away from home, so I have many things to adjust to, such as being on my own and meeting many different types of people. There are a lot of things that I like about college that I would like to describe for you.First of all, living at college gives me a sense of responsibility and of being on my own. My parents aren't around to say, "No, you're not going out tonight," or "Did you finish your homework?" Everything I do has to be my decision, and that makes me responsible for my own life. During the second week I was at college, I had to go out and look for a bank where I could open an account. And when I got to the bank, I had to decide whether to have a checking or savings account and whether or not to get a credit card. Decisions! Decisions!Friendly people is another thing I like about college. On the first day I came to Marymount University here in Virginia from New York, I was a bit confused about where I was going. My mother and I drove in. We did not know the building we were supposed to go to, but the guard was very nice. With a smile, he told us what building we were looking for and where we could park our car. My room was on the first floor of New Gerard, and I knew I had to go through some glass doors, but my mother and I didn't know which ones. Some students saw me and asked, "Are you a new student?" When they found out I was looking for New Gerard, one said, "Oh, just follow us; that's where we're going." Even now I feel comfortable in the dorm because there are friendly people around to talk with.I do like a lot of things about college, but that doesn't mean I don't think about things at home. Although I like college, I can still get homesick. New York is a very good place, too! And sometimes I miss it!6. The text is perhaps written by ________.A. a new studentB. a new teacherC. a foreign reporterD. a foreign visitor7. What does "gives me a sense of responsibility" in the first sentence of Paragraph 2 mean? It means it makes me feel ________.A. responsible for my parents.B. responsible for my teacher.C. responsible for the school.D. responsible for myself.8. One thing that he liked was ________.A. the comfortable dormB. finding his way aroundC. his studies as a first year studentD. the friendly people9. What is New Gerard?A. It's a student's name.B. It's a teacher's name.C. It's a dorm's name.D. It's a school's name.10. Which of the following is NOT true?A. People in Marymount University are friendly.B. The writer likes the new experience in the university.C. The writer drove to Marymount University with his mother.D. The writer is not homesick.Passage ThreeThe fitness movement that began in the late 1960s and early 1970s centered on aerobic exercise. Millions of individuals became engaged in a variety of aerobic activities, and literally thousands of health spas developed around the country to capitalize on this emerging interest in fitness, particularly aerobic dancing for females.A number of fitness spas existed prior to this aerobic fitness movement, even a national chain with spas in most major cities. However, their focus was not on aerobics, but rather on weight-training programs designed to develop muscular mass, strength, and endurance in their primarily male enthusiasts.These fitness spas did not seem to benefit financially from the aerobic fitness movement to better health, since medical opinion suggested that weight-training programs offered few, if any, health benefits. In recent years, however, weight training has again become increasingly popular for males and for females. Many current programs focus not only on developing muscular strength and endurance but on aerobic fitness as well.Historically, most physical-fitness tests have usually included measures of muscular strength and endurance, not for health-related reasons, but primarily because such fitness components have been related to performance in athletics. However, in recent years, evidence has shown that training programs designed primarily to improve muscular strength and endurance might also offer some health benefits as well. The American College of Sports medicine now recommends that weight training be part of a total fitness program for healthy Americans. Increased participation insuch training is one of the specific physical activity and fitness objectives of Healthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives.11. The word "spas" (Para. 1) most probably refers to __________.A. sports activitiesB. places for physical exerciseC. recreation centersD. athletic training programs12. Early fitness spas were intended mainly for __________.A. the promotion of aerobic exerciseB. endurance and muscular developmentC. the improvement of women's figuresD. better performance in aerobic dancing13. What was the initial attitude of doctors towards weight training in healthimprovement?A. Positive.B. Indifferent.C. Negative.D. Cautious.14. People were given physical fitness tests in order to find out __________.A. how well they could do in athleticsB. what their health condition was likeC. what kind of fitness center was suitable for themD. whether they were fit for aerobic exercise15. Recent studies have suggested that weight training __________.A. has become an essential part of people's lifeB. may well affect the health of the traineesC. will attract more people in the days to comeD. contributes to health improvement as wellPassage FourA person may have an idea about himself that will prevent him from doing good work.He may have the idea that he is not capable of it. It is easy to get such an idea even though there is not a good reason for it. A child may think he is stupid because he does not understand how to make the most of his mental skills, or he may accept another person's mistaken estimate of his ability.A person who believes that he is incapable will not make a real effort, because he feels that it would be useless. He is therefore likely to fail, and the failure will add to his belief about his incompetence.Alfred Adler, a famous psychiatrist, had an experience which illustrates this. When he was a small boy he got off to a poor start in arithmetic. His teacher got the idea that he had no ability in arithmetic, and told his parents what she thought. In this way, they too developed the idea. He accepted their mistaken estimate of his ability, felt that it was useless to try, and was very poor at arithmetic, just as they expected.One day he became very angry at the teacher and the other students because they laughed when he said he saw how to do a problem which none of the other students had been able to solve.When Adler succeeded in solving the problem, he rejected the idea that he couldn't do arithmetic and was determined to show them that he could. His anger and his new found confidence stimulated him to go at arithmetic problems with a new spirit. He now worked with interest, determination, and purpose, and he soon became very good at arithmetic.This experience made him realize that many people have more ability than they think they have, and that lack of success is as often the result of lack of knowledge of how to apply one's ability, lack of confidence, and lack of determination as it is the result of lack of ability.16. What's the main idea of the passage?A. A wrong self-image may prevent one from reaching his full potential.B. It's easy for a person to believe in his own incompetence.C. Never take to heart what others think of you.D. Lack of success is often the result of lack of ability.17. Why a person's mistaken notion often results in failure?A. He believes he'll succeed one day.B. He feels that he's not good enough.C. He believes he'll fail anyway.D. He doesn't need to make any effort.18. What's the function of Alfred Adler's example in the whole passage?A. Alfred Adler's experience illustrates his poor start in math.B. Alfred Adler's story exemplifies the author's conclusion.C. Alfred Adler's example shows his real ability in arithmetic.D. Alfred Adler's example teaches us the value of self-confidence.19. According to the author, what's the reason of a child for thinking he is stupid?A. There's not a good reason for this kind of thinking.B. Because the people around him tell him it.C. Because he never thinks that he can also be smart.D. Because he does not know how to make full use of his mental powers.20. According to the author, many people's mental pictures about themselves are________________.A. correctB. in focusC. out of focusD. accuratePart II Cloze (共10 分，每小题0. 5分)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D on the right side of the paper. You should choosethe ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single line through the centre.If you choose to be alone on purpose, you can wholly devote yourself to thinking. But how often do you think about thinking?Several years ago a college administrator told me that if he wanted to do any serious thinking, he had to get up at 5:30 in the morning—I suppose because that was the time ___21__it was best. At that time, no one would __22__him. More recently I heard a professor remark that when his friends catch him __23__the act of reading a book, they say, "My, it must be nice to have so much free time." And __24__I am an English teacher—a person who should know better—I find myself feeling vaguely guilty __25__I go to the library to read. It is a common belief that if a man is thinking or reading, he is doing nothing.It's easy to understand the reasons for this prejudice__26__thinking. One problem is that to most of us, thinking __27__suspiciously like doing nothing. A person in deep thought is an uninspiring sight. He __28__back in a state of relaxation. He looks relaxed in his chair as he stares __29__space. He gives every appearance of wasting time.__30__, he's leaving all the hard work for us!But thinking is far different __31__laziness. Thinking is one of the most productive activities a person can__32__. And thinking does __33__time and effort. It's a common misconception that if a person is bright, wonderful ideas will __34__spontaneously into his mind. Unfortunately, the brain doesn't __35__this way. __36__Einstein had to study and think for months at a time. Thinking was necessary for him before he could __37__his theory of relativity. Those of us who are __38__intelligent find it a struggle to create our ideas. To create even a __39__good idea, takes time for thought. I have to spend months for a good idea to enter my head, let __40__a brilliant one. So is it right to take thinking as doing nothing?21. A. where B. when C. then D. there22. A. bankrupt B. corrupt C. interpret D. interrupt23. A. in B. with C. by D. for24. A. nevertheless B. even C. though even D. even though25. A. wherever B. whenever C. that D. then26. A. against B. from C. of D. for27. A. leaves B. makes C. looks D. sounds28. A. leans B. leaves C. bends D. inclines29. A. for B. with C. off D. into30. A. Beside B. Besides C. By side D. Apart from31. A. with B. at C. from D. for32. A. underline B. undergo C. undertake D. understand33. A. ensure B. inquire C. require D. spend34. A. crash B. dash C. splash D. flash35. A. work B. make C. effect D. edit36. A. Though B. Even C. Even though D. Even that37. A. make up of B. make up C. make for D. make of38. A. less B. more C. little D. lesser39. A. modestly B. moderately C. gently D. fantastically40. A. with B. lone C. alone D. lonelyPart III Translation (共25 分)Directions: Put the following into Chinese.41. Chinese parents demand perfect grades because they take it for granted that their child can get them, and grades are a more important measure of success than “self-esteem”. If their child doesn’t get all A’s, the Chinese parents assume it’s because the child didn’t work hard enough. That’s why the solution to substandard performance is always to punish and shame the child. Chinese parents believe that their child is hardy enough to take the shaming and to improve from it.42. Western propaganda often paints a portrait of Asian mothers as scheming, indifferent, militant people unconcerned with their kids’ true interests. For their part, many Chinese secretly believe they care more about their children and are willing to sacrifice more for them than Westerners, who seem perfectly content to let their children turn out badly and shame their tradition and heritage. I think this is a misunderstanding on both sides. Of course there is also some overlap----all decent parents want to do what’s best for their children. It’s the methodology that’s different. Part IV Writing (共25 分)Directions:For this part, you are required to write a composition on the topic: Should College Students Be Involved in Business Activities？. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below in Chinese.1. 现在有许多大学生参与商业活动2. 对大学生是否应该参与商业活动有不同的说法3. 我的看法。

2018年广西师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）及详解一、名词解释1．微课答：微课是指以视频为主要载体记录教师在课堂教育教学过程中围绕某个知识点或教学环节而开展的教与学活动全过程。

微课的核心组成内容是课堂教学视频（课例片段），同时还包含了与该教学主题相关的教学设计、素材课件、教学反思、练习测试及学生反馈、教师点评等辅助性教学资源，它们以一定的组织关系和呈现方式共同“营造”了一个半结构化、主题式的资源单元应用“小环境”。

因此，微课既有别于传统单一资源类型的教学课例、教学课件、教学设计、教学反思等教学资源，又是在其基础上继承和发展起来的一种新型教学资源。

2．讲授法答：讲授法是指教师通过语言系统连贯地向学生传授知识、培养能力、进行思想教育的方法。

它通过循序渐进的叙述、描绘、解释、推论来传递信息、传授知识、阐明概念、论证规律、定律、公式，引导学生分析和认识问题，并促进学生的智力与品德的发展。

由于语言是传递经验和交流思想的主要工具，故讲授法在以语言传递为主的教学方法中应用最广泛，且其他各种方法在运用中常常要与讲授法结合。

其优势在于：①有利于大幅度提高课堂教学的效果；②有利于帮助学生全面、深刻、准确地掌握教材；③有利于发挥教师的主导作用。

其缺陷在于：①易使学生产生“假知”，从而导致知识与能力的脱节；②易使学生产生依赖心理，抑制学生学习的独立性、主动性和创造性。

3．教学效能感答：教学效能感是指教师对自己影响学生学习行为和学习成绩能力的主观判断。

教学效能感包括两个方面，一般教育效能感和个人教学效能感。

一般教育效能感是指教师对教育在学生发展中的作用、教和学的关系等问题的一般看法和判断，即教师是否相信教育的力量。

一般教育效能感是教育理念和信条的反映。

个人教学效能感是指教师对自己教学能力高低的判断。

教学效能感对教师具有很重要的影响，主要表现在：①影响教师对教学活动的选择，教学效能感强的教师愿意选择那些具有挑战性的工作任务；②影响教师对教学行为成败的归因，低教学效能感的教师在面对挫折时则比较倾向于采取逃避策略，而且易将教学结果的成败归因于外在环境的影响，忽视自己内在能力和努力的因素；③影响教师情绪的调控，高教学效能感的教师在工作中会信心十足、精神振奋、心情愉快、情绪稳定，既使在教学中遇到什么不良刺激或干扰时也能正确地调控自己情绪。