福建省福州市2018届高三下学期质量检测(3月)政治 Word版含答案

姓名，年级：时间：框题跟踪检测(三）感受文化影响知识点一文化影响面面观1．近年来，我国建设了一批以森林公园、湿地公园等为依托的生态文化和生态文明教育基地、开展了“创绿色家园，建富裕新村”等活动，进一步增强了人们的生态文明观念。

这表明（）①人们的精神活动离不开物质活动，精神产品离不开物质载体②文化与经济相互影响③文化对人的影响，来自特定的文化环境，来自各种形式的文化活动④文化对人的影响具有深远持久的特点A．①②B．①③C．②④ D．③④解析:选 B 开展了“创绿色家园，建富裕新村"等活动说明文化对人的影响来自各种形式的文化活动，精神活动离不开物质活动，精神产品离不开物质载体，①③符合题意；②④材料没有体现,排除A、C、D三项.2．英国人认为人应该随时保持绅士作风，所以与人讲话总会记得要保持一段距离；阿拉伯人认为朋友之间应亲密无间,所以与朋友在一起时总不由自主地靠近朋友。

这说明了( )①文化影响人们的交往方式②文化决定人们的交往行为和思维方式③文化影响人们的实践活动④文化影响人们的思维方式A．①② B．①④C．②③ D．③④解析：选 B “英国人认为人应该随时保持绅士作风，所以与人讲话总会记得要保持一段距离；阿拉伯人认为朋友之间应亲密无间，所以与朋友在一起时总不由自主地靠近朋友”说明了文化影响人们的交往方式与思维方式,故①④入选；②错误,文化影响而不决定人们的交往行为和思维方式;材料没有体现③，排除。

知识点二文化对人影响的特点3．以中国梦为主题的“讲文明、树新风”公益广告悄然走进人们的生活,广场上、小区宣传栏里,一幅幅设计精美、文化气息浓厚的公益广告像一股清泉滋润着人们的心灵，影响着人们的行为。

这体现了( )①文化对人的影响来自特定的文化活动和文化环境②文化在潜移默化地影响着人们的思维方式和行为③人们在社会生活中能够自觉接受健康文化的熏陶④文化对人的影响是不用宣传而自然而然地实现的A．①② B．③④C．①③ D．②④解析：选A “广场上、小区宣传栏里,一幅幅设计精美、文化气息浓厚的公益广告像一股清泉滋润着人们的心灵,影响着人们的行为”强调营造良好的文化环境发挥优秀文化的对人的影响,说明文化对人的影响来自特定的文化活动和文化环境，文化在潜移默化地影响着人们的思维方式和行为,故①②符合题意;③与题意不符；④说法错误，文化对人的影响来自特定的文化活动和文化环境。

2018届高三英语iread试卷08II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Surviving in the WildernessMany people enjoy traveling through wild and deserted landscapes, but few expected to end up in a genuine survival situation. The unexpected occasionally(21) ______(happen), however, so you should be prepared. Imagine finding______(22) in the middle of a wilderness with a broken-down jeep and hardly any food and water. What should your priorities be? Should you stay with your vehicle and hope(23) _______(rescue)? Or should you search for civilization and risk getting even more lost? Should you spend time searching for water or food first? Or should you postpone worrying about food and water (24)_______ you have managed to find or build a shelter?If you are not sure, keep reading------this article could save your life!Priority 1 ShelterDo you put off(25)_______(make) a shelter------it should be your first priority.Try enlarging an existing, natural shelter, such as a hole in the ground below a(an)(26) ________(fall) tree. If you happen to be near a rocky coast, build a shelter and cover it with wood from the beach. If you are on the move, stop to build your shelter while it is still light.Priority 2 WaterIf you fail to find water, you will only survive for about three days( whereas you can survive for weeks without food). If there is no rain, try walking through vegetation early in the morning to collect moisture in clothing. Avoid drinking water (27)________ looks or smells bad.Priority 3 FireFire has many uses. It makes food more appetizing. If you can’t face eating raw worms, boil them in water to make a nourishing soup! Fire protects(28)______ dangerous animals, since many will not dare to approach it. And you can also use it for signaling to rescuers------(29)________they give up looking for you.Priority 4 FoodIt is quite easy to get food in the wild, if you know where to look. Many survival books suggest eating a small amount of unknown plants to test (30)_______ they are poisonous. However, we do not recommend to do this, since some plants are so poisonous that even a very small amount can cause serious health problems.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Reading as part of writingOne of the techniques of writing successfully in an academic environment is to be able to combine the important points of what you have read with your own writing. To do this, you must have a clear picture of what you have read, and this in itself will ___31___ active and focused reading. With academic reading, it is necessary to focus constantly on what the author is saying. Yet many academic texts are__32__ written in unfamiliar ways, which make them much more difficult to manage than, for example, a novel or a magazine article.Although sometimes there may be reasons why you need to skim-read an article or book, this is likely to be only to get the general idea of what is being said, as a way of deciding whether it is __33__ reading material or not. In general, skim-reading is not a particularly useful strategy for a student, but you may well be used to doing this in other contexts, for example, skimming through a newspaper article or surfing the web. Instead of skim-reading, you will be developing ways of concentrating on quite dense texts and making __34__ of them.Even though you may only be reading for short__35__ of time, it is likely that you will have to concentrate far more intensely on academic reading material than, for example, when reading for pleasure. You don’t necessarily have to work in the library, but you will need to decide what type of location and atmosphere suits you best, and establish conditions that are __36__ to effective study.The __37__ difficulty that most students face is choosing their reading. The first thing to do is to __38__ the reading list you have been given for books and articles that seem relevant to your particular assignment. Doing a library search, by key words or subject, is also useful if the __39__ on your reading list are already on loan from the library. Your tutor should also be able to advise you as to which are the most relevant__40__ or websites.III. ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA, B, C and D. Fill ineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Even before the dust had settled on the wreckage of our financial institutions, the accusations were flying. Who was really to __41__? Was it the greedy investment bankers who were only too happy to take huge risks with loans and credit as long as they were gaining enormous profits? Was it the lenders, who were __42__ to lend money to people far beyond their creditworthiness? Were the politicians and regulators at fault for allowing debt to build up unchecked? Or were the homebuyers responsible for taking out loans they could never expect to __43__? And let’s not forget the __44__, who were happy to take the returns on offer without asking why the interest rates were so high.Of course, the truth is that all of the above __45__ the collapse and, unless we stop pointingthe finger at each other and focus on the serious business of recognizing our __46__ responsibility for our difficulty, we will find ourselves repeating the same mistakes.Let’s face it, we are not good at learning lessons from pa st __47__. The Great Depression of the 1930s was, like the current crisis, preceded by a housing boom, a long period of cheap credit and a stock market crash. There are also disturbing __48__ between recent developments and the events in Japan in the 1990s.But already there are worrying signs of our being __49__. Investment banks are falling back into old habits, hiring high-fliers on unbelievably high salaries and bonus in the name of ‘We need good people’. Meanwhile, governments are hesitating in their c ommitment to __50__ the tough financial regulations that they were banging their fists about only months ago. It is as though we can only __51__ for so long. Then we shrug our shoulders and head unwittingly in the direction of the next __52__.The __53__ is not to express our anger to each other. __54__, we all need to pause—bankers, borrowers, lenders, savers, legislators and regulators—and acknowledge our failure. Then we must have the courage to take the necessary steps, whether political, corporate or __55__, to prevent yet another cycle of boom and bust.41. A. blame B. expect C. remain D. represent42. A. gifted B. reluctant C. prepared D. humble43. A. repay B. obtain C. arrange D. secure44. A. regulators B. borrowers C. savers D. lawyers45. A. depended on B. contributed to C. resulted from D. set up46. A. temporary B. lifelong C. individual D. collective47. A. discoveries B. errors C. reforms D. markets48. A. barriers B. differences C. balances D. parallels49. A. powerless B. forgetful C. regretful D. careless50. A. impose B. cancel C. neglect D. explain51. A. go ahead B. put off C. look backwards D. make up52. A. crisis B. boom C. century D. promise53. A. process B. reason C. solution D. apology54. A. Besides B. Meanwhile C. Otherwise D. Instead55. A. professional B. personal C. formal D. educational Section BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)Over six decades the pianist Alfred Brendel gradually built up and maintained a dominant position in the world of classical music. He was an intellectual figure who explored and recorded the main stream European works for the piano. He wrote and played a great deal, but taught very little.And then, four or five years ago, a young boy Kit Armstrong, appeared backstage at one of Brendel’s concerts and asked for lessons. Initially,Brendel didn’t take the suggestionvery seriously. He had had very few pupils and he saw no reason to start now. He quotes from another famous pianist: ‘You don’t employ a mountain guide to teach a child how to walk.’B ut there was something that struck him about the young boy—then about 14. He listened to him play. Brendel explained, ‘He played remarkably well and by heart. Then he brought me a CD of a little recital he had given where he played so beautifully that I thought to myself, “I have to make time for him.”I t was a performance that really led you from the first to last note.’As Brendel is bowing of the public eye, Kit is making his way into it—restrained by Brendel, ever nervous about the young man burning out early. Kit, now 19, is a restless, impatient presence away from the lessons—always learning new languages; taking himself off to study maths, writing computer code or playing tennis. On top of all this he composes. ‘This was very important,’Brendel says, ‘If you want to learn to read music properly it is helped by the fact that you try to write something yourself. Then I noticed that Kit had a phenomenal memory and that was a phenomenal sight reader. But more than this is his ability to listen to his own playing, his sensitivity to sound and his ability to listen to me when I try to explain something. He not only usually understands what I mean, but he can do it. And when I tell him one thing in a piece, he will do it everywhere in the piece where it comes in later.’Brendel catches himself and looks at me severely. ‘Now Idon’t want to raise any expectations. I’m very angry if some newspapers try to do this. There was one article which named him as the future great pianist of the 21st century. I mean, really, it’s the worst thing. One doesn’t say that in a newspaper. And it has done a great harm. As usual, with gifted young players, he can play certain things amazingly well,while others need more time and experience. It would be harmful if a critic was there expecting the greatest perfection.56. What can be leaned about Brendel from the first paragraph?A. He seldom took on pupils.B. He owed his success to his intelligence.C. He preferred playing the piano to composing.D. He became dominant in classical music sixty years ago.57. Brendel uses the quotation about the mountain guide to illustrate that ____.A. it is not always easy to teach people the basicsB. it is unnecessary for an expert to teach people the basicsC. it is not wise to try to teach people new skills before they are readyD. it is impossible for people to learn something new without others’ help58. Which of Kit’s musical abilities does Brendel admire the most?A. Kit is able to write music himself.B. Kit is able to understand and respond to advice well.C. Kit is able to remember all the music he has ever played.D. Kit is able to play a piece of music the first time he sees it.59. Brendel catches himself (in Paragraph 4 )because _____.A. he realizes he has said too much to a journalistB. he does n’t enjoy giving interviews to journalistsC. he hates the way that he has often been misquotedD. he wants to be careful he doesn’t upset any music critics(B)Three strikes and you’re out!FAQ●Where does the term ‘three strikes law’ come from?They named the law after the three strikes rule in baseball where the person batting is allowed two strikes (he can miss two balls), but on the third strike he is out. The three strikes law is based on the same principle—three convictions and you’re taken out of society.●______?Twenty-six states in the USA have the three strikes law, but each state has its own interpretation of what it means. Some states say the three convictions must all involve violent crimes for the three strikes to apply. However, California is different from most other states—they insist on giving life sentences for any third conviction.●Does the three strikes law work as deterrent?Some studies found that nationally there has been very little difference in the number of re-offenders since the laws were first used in the early 90s. Other studies suggest that it does stop criminals from re-offending. The number of murders in Los Angeles, California, fell from 1,000 in 1992 to297 in 2010. But these figures do not convince everyone of the law’s effectiveness.60. Which of the following is most likely to be sentenced to life according to the three strikes law?A. One who robbed a pizza shop for the first time.B. One who stole three video tapes from a supermarket.C. One who committed robbery after a theft and a robbery charge.D.One who took the written test of a driving test for his cousin again.61. Which of the following questions best fits the blank in the passage?A. Why is this law enforced in the USA?B. Is this law interrupted in the same way?C. What kind of crimes are involved in the law?D. In which state has this law been the least effective?62. T he word “” most probably means something ___.A. to prevent people from doing something wrongB. to convince people of the law’s effectivenessC. to encourage people to stop violent crimesD. to make people afraid of being punished(C)New technologies are rattling the economy on all fronts. While thepredictions are specific and dire, bigger changes are surely coming. Clearly, we need to adjust for the change ahead. But we may be preparing in the wrong way.Both history and psychology tell us that our capacity to predict the future is limited, while our capacity to believe in such predictions is unlimited. We have always been surprised.Rather than planning for the specific changes we imagine, it is better to prepare for the unimagined—for change itself.Take education. Were we to plan for specific changes, we would start to teach skills we thought would be rewarded in the future. For example, computer programming might become even more important in high schools than it already is. Maybe that will prove to be wise and we will have a more productive work force.But perhaps technology evolves quickly enough that in a few decades we talk to rather than program, computers. In that case, millions of people would have invested in a skill as old-fashioned as penmanship.Instead, rather than changing what we teach, we could change when we teach.Currently, all the formal education most people will receive comes early in life. Specific skills may be learned on the job, but the fundamentals are acquired in school when we are young. This order—learn early, benefit for a lifetime—makes sense only in a world where the useful skills stay constant.But in a rapidly changing world, the fundamentals that were useful decades ago may be useless now; more important, new essential skills may have arisen. Anyone helping a grandparent learnhow to use a computer has experiences this problem.Once we recognize that human capital, like technology, needs refreshing, we have to restructure our institutions so people acquire education later in life. We don’t merely need trainingprograms for particular populations or circumstances, expensive and short executive-education and training people receive routinely at age 13.The safest prediction is that reality will outstrip our imaginations. So let us craft our education not just for what we expect but for what will surely surprise us.63. By “our capacity to predict the future is limited, while our capacity to believe in such predictions is unlimited”(in paragraph 2), the writer implies that _____.A. predictions are coming true thanks to technologyB. we need to develop our ability to predict to the fullC. it is unwise to put so much of our trust in predictionsD. predicting in unlimited ways helps us get used to changes64.The example of programming is used in the passage to ____.A. show how fast computer science is advancingB. illustrate what is taught now may soon be out of dateC. emphasize the importance of productive work forceD. argue for the necessity to teach students new technology65. What suggestion does the writer make about education?A. Fundamentals should be taught as early as possible.B. Students should be taught those constantly useful skills.C. Trainings should be classified according to circumstances.D. Schools should make it possible for us to get educated later.66. It can be concluded from the passage that ___.A. the miraculous reality is what we need to draw inspiration fromB. technological advances have expanded our scope of imaginationC. the best way to prepare for the future may be to prepare for changeD. education is inevitably surprising us for what it does to human capitalSection CDirections: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.My Brand Is MeAraronBondaroff is 29. A-Ron, as he is also known, has a very high opinion of his own importance in the youth culture of Lower Manhattan in New York. As far as he is concerned, you can presume that every cool person south of Delancey Street will like what he likes. No need to ask them what they want. Ask him. A-Ron has been asking himself a question lately:”_____67_______”Bondaroff dropped out of high school at age 15. He got a job in Lower Manhattan at a store selling items with the “Supreme” name on them. Theoretically a skateboard, Supreme was really a brand about attitude. In his store, clerks would insult you to your face if you weren’t cool e nough. A-Ron was not only cool enough, he was photographed for Supreme ads and became its “unofficial face.”______68_______ A group in Australia paid for him to come there to discuss new trends. His elaborate birthday party was sponsored by Nike. He was figuring out that he had the option of becoming a “culture expert.” He concluded that there was no reason to rent his coolness to other companies. If they could earn money from his great taste, he figured, he could earn even more.Young people have always found fresh ways to rebel, express individuality, or form subculture communities: new art, new music, new literature, new films, new forms of leisure, or even whole new media forms. ______69______ He calls it “aNYthing”, making it sound like some very hip independent film company or a punk band. In fact, a NYthing is just a brand. A-Ron puts the label on T-shirts, hats, and other items, which he sells in his own store, among other places.A-Ron has branded himself, but it is not a brand with a large range. How does your brand get bigger when it is, essentially, just you? _____70______ His blog announces the latest parties and offers pictures of the cool people dropping by his store. He has been thinking about whether he can open a store in Japan. He seems to think he can be to the world what he believes he is to Lower Manhattan.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it it illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.Public opinion counts…Modbury is a typical small town of the south of England with a population of about 1,600. Typical, that is , apart from the fact that there are no plastic carrier bags in the town. None, Plastic bags have been well and truly dumped!The removal of the plastic bags was the brainchild of Rebecca Hosking, Modbury resident and documentary-maker. Filming a documentary in the Pacific Ocean, Rebecca was horrified at the effects of plastic bags on the wildlife off Hawaii. Among other things, she saw seabirds fatally trapped in plastic bags that don’t biodegrade. When Rebecca returned to her home town, she discussed this problem with people, including the shopkeepers, and everyone supported her suggestion to make the town plastic bag free.But for Rebecca’s concept, Modbury would still be an unremarkable little place. Now, however, shoppers take re-useable cotton bags shopping with them, or they buy biodegradable cornstarch ones in the shops. The shopkeepers now wrap their goods in paper. To prove that he townsfolk are not only committed to reducing plastic waste, they organized a mass beach clean-up last year. Dozens of volunteers came to the beach on the appointed day to clean it up, taking the rubbish that visitors throw away and recycling it. And the greatest part of that rubbish was… no, not plastic bags, but plastic bottles.Becoming the first town in Europe to ban plastic bags, Modbury is now harvesting the rewards of fame—reporters and camera crews from newspapers and TV channels across the world are coming to the mild town to find out its secret. And, country to some of the initial reports, it is a normal town, trying to live life in a slightly different way. As one resident put it:” We’re ordinary people, but we want to make just a little difference.”V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72．会有人反对吃水果蔬菜吗？（argue）73. 说谢谢时，请务必真心诚意。

丰台区2018年高三年级第二学期综合练习（一）英语2018. 03本试卷满分共120分考试时间100分钟注意事项：1. 答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、年级、班级、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的准考证号、姓名，在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。

2. 本次考试所有答题均在答题卡上完成。

选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。

非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写，要求字体工整、字迹清楚。

3. 请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试卷、草稿纸上答题无效。

4. 请保持答题卡卡面清洁，不要装订、不要折叠、不要破损。

笔试（共三部分120分）第一部分知识运用（共两节45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

1. Teenagers get less and less sleep, them at a higher risk of physicaland mental health problems.A. puttingB. putC. to putD. being put2.—Isn’t that Ann’s brother over there?—No.It be him. He never wears glasses.A. won’tB. must notC. can’tD. may not3. A splendid eight-minute show on Beijing at the closing ceremony of the 2018 Winter Olympics.A. stagedB. will be stagedC. had stagedD. was staged4. Jack is determined to get a seat for the concert it means standing in a queue all night.A. so thatB. in caseC. even thoughD. as if5. —Winter is over at last. Time to put away my gloves and boots.— Great! I for this for months.A. will waitB.have been waitingC. was waitingD. waited6. —A bookbar is being built near our school.—Yes. It is said that the bar soon.A. has openedB. will openC. would openD. opened7. Beijing plans to build its first bicyclelane connects a residential area with a business center.A. whichB. whoC. whatD. where8. Travel Frog by a Japanese game studio has become a hit in China.A. to be createdB. createdC. being createdD. creating9. In a meeting, Xi Jinping shared a story on his parents passed down importantmoral values to him.A. whatB. whichC. howD. when10.students to exercise, a university in Wuhan recently launched a fitness app.A. To encourageB. Having encouragedC. EncouragedD. Encouraging11.—Our country is developing at an amazing speed!—Yes. This is makes me feel so proud.A. whichB. whyC. whereD. what12.—Thank you for reminding me of the time，otherwise I late yesterday.—Don’t mention it.A. had beenB. would have beenC. should beD. would be13. Information technology is taught in most schools, we have entered theinformation society.A. soB. whileC. andD. for14. In the UK the clocks forward 1 hour at 1am on the last Sunday inMarch, and back 1 hour at 2am on the last Sunday in October.A. wentB. are goingC. goD. have gone15. I t’s important for a girl to know what colors look good her skin．A. atB. onC. aboveD. against第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

2018届高三数学（理）一轮复习考点规范练：第八章立体几何39Word版含解析考点规范练39空间几何体的表面积与体积基础巩固1.圆柱被一个平面截去一部分后与半球(半径为r)组成一个几何体,该几何体三视图中的正视图和俯视图如图所示.若该几何体的表面积为16+20π,则r=()A.1B.2C.4D.82.一个四面体的三视图如图所示,则该四面体的表面积是()A.1+B.1+2C.2+D.23.如图,直三棱柱ABC-A1B1C1的六个顶点都在半径为1的半球面上,AB=AC,侧面BCC1B1是半球底面圆的内接正方形,则侧面ABB1A1的面积为()A. B.1 C. D.4.(2016山东,理5)一个由半球和四棱锥组成的几何体,其三视图如下图所示.则该几何体的体积为()A.πB.πC.πD.1+π5.已知底面边长为1,侧棱长为的正四棱柱的各顶点均在同一个球面上,则该球的体积为()A. B.4π C.2π D. ?导学号37270348?6.《九章算术》是我国古代内容极为丰富的数学名著,书中有如下问题:“今有委米依垣内角,下周八尺,高五尺.问:积及为米几何?”其意思为:“在屋内墙角处堆放米(如图,米堆为一个圆锥的四分之一),米堆底部的弧长为8尺,米堆的高为5尺,问米堆的体积和堆放的米各为多少?”已知1斛米的体积约为1.62立方尺,圆周率约为3,估算出堆放的米约有()A.14斛B.22斛C.36斛D.66斛7.棱长为4的正方体被一平面截成两个几何体,其中一个几何体的三视图如图所示,那么该几何体的体积是.8.某四棱柱的三视图如图所示,则该四棱柱的体积为.9.(2016邯郸一模)已知三棱锥P-ABC内接于球O,PA=PB=PC=2,当三棱锥P-ABC的三个侧面的面积之和最大时,球O的表面积为.?导学号37270349?10.在三棱柱ABC-A1B1C1中,∠BAC=90°,其正视图和侧视图都是边长为1的正方形,俯视图是直角边的长为1的等腰直角三角形,设点M,N,P分别是棱AB,BC,B1C1的中点,则三棱锥P-A1MN的体积是.11.已知一个上、下底面为正三角形且两底面中心连线垂直于底面的三棱台的两底面边长分别为20 cm和30 cm,且其侧面积等于两底面面积之和,求棱台的高.12.一个几何体的三视图如图所示.已知正视图是底边长为1的平行四边形,侧视图是一个长为、宽为1的矩形,俯视图为两个边长为1的正方形拼成的矩形.(1)求该几何体的体积V;(2)求该几何体的表面积S.能力提升13.如图,在多面体ABCDEF中,已知四边形ABCD是边长为1的正方形,且△ADE,△BCF均为正三角形,EF∥AB,EF=2,则该多面体的体积为()A. B. C. D. ?导学号37270350?14.某几何体的三视图如图所示,则该几何体的体积为()A.+πB.+πC.+2πD.+2π15.(2016浙江,理11)某几何体的三视图如图所示(单位:cm),则该几何体的表面积是cm2,体积是cm3.16.如图,长方体ABCD-A1B1C1D1中,AB=16,BC=10,AA1=8,点E,F 分别在A1B1,D1C1上,A1E=D1F=4,过点E,F的平面α与此长方体的面相交,交线围成一个正方形.(1)在图中画出这个正方形(不必说明画法和理由);(2)求平面α把该长方体分成的两部分体积的比值.高考预测17.已知球的直径SC=4,A,B是该球球面上的两点,AB=,∠ASC=∠BSC=30°,则棱锥S-ABC的体积为()A.3B.2C.D.1 ?导学号37270351?参考答案考点规范练39空间几何体的表面积与体积1.B解析由条件及几何体的三视图可知该几何体是由一个圆柱被过圆柱底面直径的平面所截剩下的半个圆柱及一个半球拼接而成的.其表面积由一个矩形的面积、两个半圆的面积、圆柱的侧面积的一半及一个球的表面积的一半组成.∴S表=2r×2r+2r2+πr×2r+4πr2=5πr2+4r2=16+20π,解得r=2.2.C解析由三视图可得该四面体的直观图如图所示,平面ABD⊥平面BCD,△ABD与△BCD 为全等的等腰直角三角形,AB=AD=BC=CD=取BD的中点O,连接AO,CO,则AO⊥CO,AO=CO=1.由勾股定理得AC=,因此△ABC与△ACD为全等的正三角形,由三角形面积公式得S△ABC=S△ACD=,S△ABD=S△BCD=1,所以四面体的表面积为2+3.C解析由题意知,球心在侧面BCC1B1的中心O上,BC为△ABC所在圆面的直径,所以∠BAC=90°,△ABC的外接圆圆心N是BC的中点,同理△A1B1C1的外心M是B1C1的中点.设正方形BCC1B1的边长为x,Rt△OMC1中,OM=,MC1=,OC1=R=1(R为球的半径),所以=1,即x=,则AB=AC=1.所以侧面ABB1A1的面积S=1=4.C解析由三视图可知,上面是半径为的半球,体积为V1=,下面是底面积为1,高为1的四棱锥,体积V2=1×1=,故选C.5.D解析因为该正四棱柱的外接球的半径是四棱柱体对角线的一半,所以半径r==1,所以V球=13=故选D.6.B解析设底面圆半径为R,米堆高为h.∵米堆底部弧长为8尺,2πR=8,∴R=∴体积V=πR2h=π5.∵π≈3,∴V(立方尺).∴堆放的米约为22(斛).7.32解析由三视图,可得棱长为4的正方体被平面AJGI截成两个几何体,且J,I分别为BF,DH的中点,如图,两个几何体的体积各占正方体的一半,则该几何体的体积是43=32.8解析由三视图可知,四棱柱高h为1,底面为等腰梯形,且底面面积S=(1+2)×1=,故四棱柱的体积V=S·h=9.12π解析由题意三棱锥P-ABC的三条侧棱PA,PB,PC两两互相垂直,三棱锥P-ABC 的三个侧面的面积之和最大,三棱锥P-ABC的外接球就是它扩展为正方体的外接球,求出正方体的体对角线的长为2,所以球的直径是2,半径为,球的表面积为4π×()2=12π.10解析由题意,可得直三棱柱ABC-A1B1C1如图所示.其中AB=AC=AA1=BB1=CC1=A1B1=A1C1=1.∵M,N,P分别是棱AB,BC,B1C1的中点,∴MN=,NP=1.∴S△MNP=1=∵点A1到平面MNP的距离为AM=,11.解如图所示,三棱台ABC-A1B1C1中,O,O1分别为两底面中心,D,D1分别为BC和B1C1的中点,则DD1为棱台的斜高.由题意知A1B1=20,AB=30,则OD=5,O1D1=,由S侧=S上+S下,得3(20+30)×DD1=(202+302),解得DD1=,在直角梯形O1ODD1中,O1O==4(cm),所以棱台的高为4 cm.12.解(1)由三视图可知,该几何体是一个平行六面体(如图),其底面是边长为1的正方形,高为,所以V=1×1(2)由三视图可知,该平行六面体中,A1D⊥平面ABCD,CD⊥平面BCC1B1,所以AA1=2,侧面ABB1A1,CDD1C1均为矩形.S=2×(1×1+1+1×2)=6+213.A解析如图,分别过点A,B作EF的垂线,垂足分别为G,H,连接DG,CH,容易求得EG=HF=,AG=GD=BH=HC=,所以S△AGD=S△BHC=1=所以V=V E-ADG+V F-BHC+V AGD-BHC=2V E-ADG+V AGD-BHC=2+1=14.A解析由三视图可知,该几何体是一个组合体,其左边是一个三棱锥,底面是等腰直角三角形(斜边长等于2),高为1,所以体积V1=2×1×1=;其右边是一个半圆柱,底面半径为1,高为2,所以体积V2=π·12·2=π,所以该几何体的体积V=V1+V2=+π.15.7232解析由三视图,可知该几何体为两个相同长方体组合而成,其中每个长方体的长、宽、高分别为4 cm,2 cm,2 cm,所以其体积为2×(2×2×4)=32(cm3).由于两个长方体重叠部分为一个边长为2的正方形,所以其表面积为2×(2×2×2+4×2×4)-2×(2×2)=72(cm2).16.解(1)交线围成的正方形EHGF如图:(2)作EM⊥AB,垂足为M,则AM=A1E=4,EB1=12,EM=AA1=8.因为EHGF为正方形,所以EH=EF=BC=10.于是MH==6,AH=10,HB=6.因为长方体被平面α分成两个高为10的直棱柱,所以其体积的比值为17.C解析如图,过A作AD垂直SC于D,连接BD.由于SC是球的直径,所以∠SAC=∠SBC=90°.又∠ASC=∠BSC=30°,又SC为公共边,所以△SAC≌△SBC.由于AD⊥SC,所以BD⊥SC.由此得SC⊥平面ABD.所以V S-ABC=V S-ABD+V C-ABD=S△ABD·SC.由于在Rt△SAC中,∠ASC=30°,SC=4,所以AC=2,SA=2由于AD= 同理在Rt△BSC中也有BD=又AB=,所以△ABD为正三角形.所以V S-ABC=S△ABD·SC=()2·sin 60°×4=,所以选C.。

第9讲特殊句式与主谓一致1．Thepublicationof GreatExpectations，which________bothwidelyreviewedandhighlypraised，stren gthenedDickens’statusasaleadingnovelist.(2017·江苏，24)A．isB．areC．wasD．were答案C解析考查时态和主谓一致。

句意为：《远大前程》这部小说的出版发行受到了广泛评论和高度赞扬，这巩固了狄更斯作为顶尖小说家的地位。

空格处与后面的reviewed和praised一起构成定语从句的谓语，根据主句谓语strengthened判断这里用一般过去时；定语从句的关系词which指代主句的“thepublicationof GreatExpectations”，主语核心词是publication，故be动词用was。

因此选C。

2．Nowadays，cycling，alongwithjoggingandswimming，________asoneofthebestall-roundformsof exercise.(2017·天津，6)A．regardB．isregardedC．areregardedD．regards答案B解析考查主谓一致和语态。

句意为：如今，骑行与慢跑、游泳一起被认为是最全面的运动方式之一。

当主语后面接由alongwith引起的短语时，谓语动词应和主语(cycling)保持一致，排除A、C 两项；cycling与regard之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，排除D项。

故选B项。

3．ItwaswhenIgotbacktomyapartment________Ifirstcameacrossmynewneighbors.(2017·天津，11) A．whoB．whereC．whichD．that答案D解析考查强调句型的判定。

框题跟踪检测（四）唯物主义和唯心主义知识点一唯物主义1．古希腊哲学家泰勒斯提出“水是万物的始基”。

中国春秋时代《管子》一书中也指出“水者，何也？万物之本原也”。

他们的观点属于()A．唯心主义的观点B．科学的物质观C．辩证唯物主义观点D．朴素唯物主义物质观解析：选D“水是万物的始基”“水者，何也？万物之本原也”，两者观点属于唯物主义，由于时间处于古代，并且把物质归结为具体的物质形态——水，所以属于古代朴素唯物主义，选D。

2．18世纪法国哲学家丹尼斯·狄德罗认为：“自然界由数目无穷、性质不同的异质元素构成。

”这种观点()①承认世界的物质性，但把物质归结为自然科学上的元素②建立在自然科学成就的基础上，丰富和发展了唯物主义③坚持物质第一性，但对物质的认识没有科学依据④认为世界是物质的，正确揭示了物质世界的基本规律A．①②B．③④C．①③D．②④解析：选A材料中狄德罗的“自然界由数目无穷、性质不同的异质元素构成”观点承认世界的物质性，但把物质归结为自然科学上的元素，这是形而上学唯物主义的观点，故①②正确；③表述错误，排除；④不符合题意。

选A。

3. 辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义之所以是科学的世界观和方法论，是因为()①它是现代唯物主义②它反映了社会历史发展的客观要求③它正确揭示了物质世界的基本规律④它反映了最广大人民群众的根本利益A．①②③B．②③④C．①③④D．①②④解析：选B①构不成题干的原因，②③④正确揭示了辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的特点，均符合题意。

正确答案是B项。

知识点二唯心主义4．“存在即被感知”和“理生万物、理主动静”这两类哲学观点因对意识的不同理解而分属不同的基本形态。

要正确区分这两种形态，必须理解()A．物质与具体的物质形态的区别B．思维与存在的区别C．物质与意识的区别D．主观精神与客观精神的区别解析：选D存在即被感知，认为人的主观存在、主观精神是世界的本原，理生万物、理主动静，认为理念等客观精神是世界的本原，区分这两个哲学观点就是要区分主观精神和客观精神的区别，故该题选D；A有助于判断唯物主义派别；B、C是区分唯物主义和唯心主义的标准。

2018北京101中学高三（下）3月月考英语第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项．1．（1分）There is still a copy of the book in the library．Will you go and borrow _____？I'd rather buy _____ in the book store．（）A．it； one B．one； one C．one； it D．it it2．（1分）I think John will make a good monitor， ________ I'd like to vote for him．（）A．but B．so C．or D．for3．（1分）______ colorful charts and graphs，he loaded a new software to help him．（）A．Create B．Created C．Creating D．To create4．（1分）Mum，where's my packed lunch？In the kitchen． I you two sandwiches．（）A．make B．am making C．have made D．will make5．（1分）Jackson is cheerful about his life _______ he is suffering from cancer．（）A．even if B．as long as C．as if D．ever since6．（1分）______ people food，housing and jobs is what a government should first consider after a natural disaster happens．（）A．Offered B．OfferC．Offering D．Being offered7．（1分） Mike， did you see Mr． Chapman in the office just now？Yes， he ________， and he looked a little bit nervous．（）A．had interviewedB．was interviewedC．was being interviewedD．is being interviewing8．（1分）The young lady， ________ several attempts to fix her cell phone， decided to have another try．（）A．making B．to have madeC．having made D．made9．（1分）That must have been a terrible experience．Yeah．I in the damaged car，unable to move．（）A．was stuck B．have been stuckC．am stuck D．had been stuck10．（1分）The word"media"basically refers to ________ we commonly call newspapers，magazines，radios and televisions．（）A．which B．that C．what D．where11．（1分）Last month，part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods，from _______effects the people are still suffering．（）A．that B．what C．which D．whose12．（1分）The writer has won the hearts of millions of children with the rich stories _____from her childhood memories．（）A．drawing B．to draw C．draw D．drawn13．（1分）But for your error， it _______ easier for you to pass the driving test． After all， you had highquality training．（）A．must have been B．should beC．might have been D．could be14．（1分）Can I pay the bill by check？Sorry，sir．But it is the management rules of our hotel that payment ____ be made in cash．（）A．shall B．mustn't C．can't D．will15．（1分）Just hang the towel ______ the back of the chair so that it will dry soon．（）A．over B．for C．with D．through第二节完形填空（每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项．16．（30分）The "Doorman"On a trip to California，my family stopped for lunch．As we walked toward the entrance to the restaurant，a man，with a （1） beard and dirty hair，jumped up from a bench and opened the door for us．Regardless of his （2），he greeted us in a friendly way．Once inside，my daughters whispered，"Mom，he （3）"After we ordered our lunch，I explained，telling the kids to look （4）the dirt．We then watched other customers approach the restaurant but many （5）him．Seeing this rudeness truly upset me．The day I became a mother，I had resolved to set a good（6）for my children．Yet sometimes when things didn't go right，being a good example was （7）When our meal arrived，I realized I had left the carsick pills in the truck．With the windiest trip ahead，the kids needed them，so I （8） myself from the meal and went to get them．Just then，the "doorman" was opening the door for a couple．They rushed past him without even acknowledging his （9） Letting them in first，I said a loud "thank you" to him as I （10）．When I returned，we talked a bit．He said he was not allowed inside （11） he purchased food．I went back and told my family his （12）．Then I asked our waitress to add one soup and sandwich．The kids looked （13） as we had already eaten，but when I said the order was for the "doorman"，they smiled．When it was time to （14）our trip，I noticed the "doorman" enjoying his meal．Upon seeing me，he stood up and thanked me heartily．He then （15） his hand for a handshake and I gratefully accepted．I suddenly noticed the tears in his eyes tears of （16）．What happened next drew great astonishment：I gave the "doorman" a（17） I He pulled away，with tears （18）down his face．Back in truck，I fell into deep thought．While we can't choose many things in life，we can choose when to show gratitude．I said thanks to a man who had （19）held open a door for me，and also said thanks for that （20）to teach my children by example．（1）A．heavy B．long C．messy D．grey（2）A．service B．appearance C．status D．attitude（3）A．smokes B．smiles C．sniffs D．smells（4）A．beyond B．over C．around D．into（5）A．hated B．ignored C．missed D．refused（6）A．target B．rule C．record D．example（7）A．stressful B．accessible C．awkward D．tough（8）A．excused B．freed C．prevented D．withdrew（9）A．company B．presence C．effort D．attempt（10）A．quitted B．marched C．exited D．approached（11）A．before B．unless C．though D．since（12）A．story B．deed C．experience D．demand（13）A．concerned B．shocked C．puzzled D．bored（14）A．make B．start C．take D．continue（15）A．extended B．washed C．raised D．waved（16）A．approval B．affection C．sympathy D．gratitude（17）A．hug B．nod C．lift D．clap（18）A．slipping B．streaming C．rushing D．breaking（19）A．firmly B．constantly C．simply D．politely（20）A．journey B．wisdom C．opportunity D．coincidence第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共30分）阅读下面短文，从各题A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案．17．（6分）Northern Ireland Visitor GuidePassport/Visa Requirements Passport Advice Line （UK）T： 0300 222 0000MoneySterling currency． Most large stores accept Euro． Main credit cards are in general use but bring cash too． In main towns， bankwww．ips．gov．ukUK nationals can travel without a passport but will need photographic identification． Passports are not required for travel between Northern Ireland and the Republic． For further information， contact the British Embassy inyour country of origin．hours are 09：3016：30． Automatic Teller Machines （ATMs）dispense cash at hundreds of locations， banks， garages and shopping centres． Bureau de Change are in larger bank branches，travel agents， the Belfast Welcome Centre， some other tourist information centres， big hotels and at a few visitor attractions．TelephoneTo call Northern Ireland from abroad， dial 0044 + area code （without 0）+ local number． From the Republic of Ireland， dial 048 + area code （without 0）+ local number． From elsewhere in UK or to make an internal call， dial area code （with 0）+ local number． To call the Republic from Northern Ireland， dial 00353 + the area code （without0）+ local number．TippingCheck your bill to see if a service charge has been made． If not and you're satisfied with the service， add 1015%．Left LuggageT： +44 （0）28 9024 6609Belfast Welcome Centre is the only place that provides this service．￡ 3per item for up to 4hrs．￡ 4.5 0 4hrs+． Last pickup is 15minutes before closing．ShoppingVictoria Square， Castle Court and many Belfast City centre stores have extended opening hours from 09：00 until 19：00 eachweekday evening． Thursday is late night shopping until 21：00． On Sundays shops are open from 12：00/13：00 and stay openuntil 17：00/18：00．Medical InsuranceT： 0845 606 0707（UK）， +44 （0）191 212 7500www．ehic．org．ukYou need to obtain a European Health Insurance card （EHIC）which will allow you to access stateprovided healthcare in all European Economic Area （EEA） countries at a reduced cost or sometimes free of charge． You can apply online at their website orby telephone． Visitors are strongly advised to take out private travelinsurance．Public HolidaysBanks are closed and transport servicesare reduced on public holidays． Seewww．discovernorthernireland．comfor uptodate details．New Year's Day JanuarySt． Patrick's Day MarchGood Friday start AprilEaster Monday start AprilMay Bank Holiday start MayMay Bank Holiday end MayJuly Holiday mid JulyAugust Bank Holiday end AugustChristmas Day DecemberBoxing Day DecemberEmergency ServicesDial 999 for emergency services．If your passport is lost or stolen， contact the local police station，embassy or consulate．All Ireland InformationFor details on the rest of Ireland visit：www．diseoverireland．com．36． If Jack wants to call his friend in Northern Ireland from London， he should dial．A． 0044 + area code （without 0）+ local numberB． 048 + area code （without 0）+ local numberC． area code （with 0）+ local numberD． 00353 + the area code （without 0）+ local number37． While travelling in Northern Ireland， you．A． can shop until 21：00 on ThursdaysB． needn't leave a tip after receiving serviceC． can use American dollars to buy what you wantD． can draw money from banks from 9：00 to 16：30 every day38． Which of the following is TRUE according to the above Visitor Guide？A． A German needn't a passport to travel in Northern Ireland．B． A visitor can dial 999 in emergency situations while in Northern Ireland．C． Any European can get healthcare in Northern Ireland at a reduced cost or free of charge．D． A visitor will be charged ￡3 for leaving luggage in Belfast Welcome Centre for 6hours．18．（8分）Bertie knew there was something in the wind． His mother had been sad in recent days， not sick， just strangely sad． The lion had just lain down beside him， his head warm on Bertie's feet， when Father cleared his throat and began， "You'll soon be eight， Bertie． A boy needs a proper education． We've found the right place for you， a school near Salisbury in England．"His heart filled with a terrible fear， all Bertie could think of was his white lion． "But the lion，" he cried，"What about the lion？""I'm afraid there's something else I have to tell you，" his father said． Looking across at Bertie's mother， he took a deep breath． Then he told Bertie he had met a circus owner from France， who was over in Africa looking for lions to buy． He would come to their farm in a few days．"No! You can't send him to a circus!" said Bertie． "People will come to see him． He'll be shut up behind bars． I promised him he never would be． And they will laugh at him． He'd rather die． Any animal would!" But as he looked across the table at them， he knew their minds were quite made up．Bertie felt completely betrayed． He waited until he heard his father's deep breathing next door． With his white lion at his heels， he crept downstairs in his pyjamas， took down his father's rifle from the rack and stepped out intothe night． He ran and ran till his legs could run no more． As the sun came up over the grassland， he climbed to the top of a hill and sat down， his arms round the lion's neck． The time had come．"Be wild now，" he whispered． "You've got to be wild． Don't ever come home． All my life I'll think of you，I promise I will．" He buried his head in the lion's neck． Then， Bertie clambered down off the hill and walked away．When he looked back， the lion was still sitting there watching him； but then he stood up， yawned，stretched， and sprang down after him． Bertie shouted at him， but he kept coming． He threw sticks． He threw stones． Nothing worked．There was only one thing left to do． With tears filling his eyes and his mouth， he lifted the rifle to his shoulder and fired over the lion's head．39． Bertie's mother was sad probably because she．A． had been seriously ill recentlyB． had decided to send Bertie to schoolC． knew selling the lion would upset BertieD． knew Bertie would hate to go to England40． The underlined word "they" in Para． 4 probably refers to．A． some audienceB． other animalsC． Bertie's parentsD． circus's owners41． In the last paragraph， the boy lifted the rifle at the lion to．A． kill the lion out of fearB． threaten the lion back to the wildC． protect himself from the lionD． show his anger towards his father42． The passage intends to show that．A． animal hunting is popular in AfricaB． parents are sometimes cruel to their childrenC． animals usually lead a miserable life in circusesD． people and animals can be faithful to each other19．（8分）Adding math talk to story time at home is a winning factor for children's math achievement， according to a new research from the University of Chicago． The study from psychologists Sian Beilock and Susan Levine shows a marked increase in math achievement among children whose families used Bedtime Math， an iPad app that delivers engaging math story problems for parents and children to solve together．Even children who used the app with their parents as little as once a week saw gains in math achievement by the end of the school year． The app's effect was especially strong for children whose parents tend to be anxious or uncomfortable with math．Previous research from this group has demonstrated the importance of adults' attitudes about math for children's math success． For example， a recent study found that mathanxious parents who help their children with math homework actually weaken their children's math achievement．The new findings demonstrate that structured， positive interactions around math at home can cut the link between parents' uneasiness about math and children's low math achievement．"Many people experience high levels of anxiety when they have to solve a math problem， with a majority of adults feeling at least some worries about math，" said Beilock， professor in Psychology and author of Choke， a book about stress and performance． "These mathanxious parents are probably less likely to talk about math at home， which affects how competent their children are in math． Bedtime Math encourages a dialogue between parents and kids about math， and offers a way to engage in high quality math interactions in a low effort， high impact way．"Study participants included 587firstgrade students and their parents． Families were given an iPad installed with a version of the Bedtime Math app， with which parents and their children read stories and answer questions involving math， including topics like counting， shapes and problem solving． A control group received a reading app that had similar stories without the math content and questions related to reading comprehension instead． Children's math achievement was assessed at the beginning and end of the school year． Parents completed a questionnaire about their nervousness with math．The more times parents and children in the math group used the app， the higher children's achievement on a math assessment at the end of the school year． Indeed， children who frequently used the math app with their parents outperformed similar students in the reading group by almost three months in math achievement at year's end．43． Bedtime Math is an iPad app that．A． requires parents and children to answer reading comprehension questionsB． assesses children's math achievement and parents' nervousness with mathC． encourages children together with their parents to solve math story problemsD． teaches children how to count， recognize shapes and solve practical problems44． The previous study found that．A． help from mathanxious parents improves children's math achievementB． interactions around math at home will cut off the family relationshipC． children's math achievement is related to parents' attitude about mathD． children can achieve more success if they see the importance of math45． We can infer from the passage that．A． it is the math problems related to the stories that make the great differenceB． children whose parents are uneasy about math outperform other studentsC． children using the app for three months can see gains in math achievementD． the frequency of using the app has nothing to do with children's achievement46． Which does the author want to tell us？A． High anxiety parents influence children's attitude about math．B． Frequent use of app can develop problem solving ability．C． Low effort activities create good parent child relationship．D． High quality math interactions improve children's performance．20．（8分）As anyone who has tried to lose weight knows， realistic goalsetting generally produces the best results． That's partly because most people who set realistic goals actually work more efficiently， and put more effort， to achieve those goals．What's far less understood by scientists， however， are the potentially harmful effects of goalsetting． Newspapers convey daily accounts of goalsetting widespread in industries and businesses up and down both Wall Street and Main Street， yet there has been surprisingly little research on how the long advocated practice of setting goals may have contributed to the current economic crisis， and immoral behavior in general．"Goals are widely used and promoted as having really beneficial effects． And yet， the same motivation that can push people to put more effort in a constructive way could also motivate people to be more likely to engage in immoralbehaviors，" says Maurice Schweitzer， an associate professor at Penn's Wharton School． His paper， entitled"'Goals Gone Wild： The Systematic Side Effects of Over Praised Goal Setting，" appears in the February issue of the Academy of Management Perspectives．"It turns out there's no financial benefit to just having a goal you just get a psychological benefit．" Schweitzer says． "But in many cases， goals have financial rewards that make them more powerful．" A major example Schweitzer and his colleagues give is the 2004 breakdown of energy trading giant Enron（德国安然公司）， where managers used financial rewards to motivate salesmen to meet specific goals． The problem， Schweitzer says， is that the actual trades were not profitable．Other studies have shown that burdening employees with unrealistic goals can force them to lie， cheat or steal． Such was the case in the early 1990s when Sears （西尔斯公司） placed a sales quota （销售限额） on its auto repair staff． It inspired employees to overcharge for work and to complete unnecessary repairs on a companywide basis．Schweitzer admits his research runs counter to a very large body of literature that praises the many benefits of goalsetting． Advocates of the practice have argued with his team's use of such evidence as news accounts to support his conclusion that goalsetting is widely overpraised．In a rebuttal （反驳） paper， Dr． Edwin Locke writes： "Goalsetting is not going away． Organizations cannot grow without being focused on their desired end results any more than an individual can grow without goals to provide a sense of purpose．" But Schweitzer argues the "evidence" linking goalsetting and harmful behavior should be studied to help draw attention to issues that deserve attention and further investigation． "Even a few negative effects could be so large that they outweigh many positive effects，" he says．The debate is likely to get heated on in future papers， and the practice of setting goals no doubt will continue． For now， though， the lesson seems to be to put more thought into setting goals．"Goalsetting does help motivate people． My idea would be to combine that with careful management， a strong organizational culture， and make sure the goals that you use are going to be constructive and not significantly harmful to the organization，" Schweitzer says．47． What does Maurice Schweitzer want to show by mentioning the example of Enron？A． Setting realistic goals can turn a failing business into success．B． Businesses are likely to succeed without realistic goals．C． Companies are certain to meet specific goals with financial rewards．D． Goals with financial rewards have strong motivational power．48． How did Sears' goalsetting affect its employees？A． They had to work more hours to increase their sales．B． They competed with one another to attract more customers．C． They turned to immoral practice to reach their goals．D． They improved their customer service on a companywide basis．49． The underlined words "runs counter to" （Paragraph 6）can be replaced by．A． agrees withB． goes againstC． fits in withD． applies to50． What is Edwin Locke's argument against Schweitzer？A． The practice of setting goals only helps people to develop．B． Goalsetting is of no use motivating people to accomplish their tasks．C． The positive effects of goalsetting outweigh its negative effects．D． Studying goalsetting can contribute to successful business practices．第二节（共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项．其中有两项为多余选项．21．（10分）Why are so many people afraid of failure？ Quite simply because no one tells us how to fail so that failure becomes an experience that will lead to growth．（51）Most parents work hard at either preventing failure or protecting their children from the knowledge that they have failed． One way is to lower standards． A mother describes her child's hastily made table as "Perfect!" in spite of its uneven legs． Another way is to pin the blame on someone else． If John fails science， his teacher is unfair or stupid．The trouble with failure prevention ways is that they leave a child unequipped for life in the real world． The young need to learn that no one can be best at everything， no one can win all the time and that it's possible to enjoy a game even when you don't win． A child who is not invited to a birthday party， who does not make the honor roll on the baseball team， feels terrible， of course．（52）The young should be allowed to experience disappointment，and be helped to master it．Failure is never pleasurable． It hurts adults and children alike．（53）Step one is to ask "Why did I fail？"Resist the natural impulse （冲动） to blame someone else． Ask yourself what you did wrong and how you can improve． If someone else can help， don't be shy about inquiring．Success， which encourages repetition of old behavior， is not nearly as good a teacher as failure． You can learn froma disastrous party how to give a good one， from an ill chosen first house what to look for in a second．（54）After 12years of studying ballet a friend of mine went to an interview for a professional company． She was turned down． "Would further training help？" she asked． The ballet master shook his head． "You will never be adancer． You haven't the body for it．"In such cases， the way to use failure is to take stock （清点存货，清理） bravely asking "What have I left？ What else can I do？" My friend put away her toe shoes and moved into dance therapy， a field where she's both competent and useful．（55） Often there is a resurgence （复活） of energy yan awareness of new possibilities．A． Even a failure that seems definite can promote fresh thinking， a change of direction．B． However， it can make a positive contribution to your life once you learn to use it．C． You can also learn that failure is the mother of success．D． And we forget that failure is part of the human condition and that every person has the right to fail．E． Failure frees one to take risks because there's little to lose．F． So be strong and never lose heart in the face of failure．G． But parents should not offer a quick comfort， prize or say， "It doesn't matter" because it does．第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）第一节（15分）22．（15分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华．你的英国朋友Jim 想了解中国人起名字的习惯，并请你帮他起一个中文名字．请给他写封信，内容包括：1．介绍中国人起名字的习惯；2．给他起一个中文名字；3．说明起此名字的理由．注意：1．词数不少于50；2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数．Dear Jim，Yours，Li Hua．第二节（20分）23．（20分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华．请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，介绍在"传统文化进校园"活动中，向面人艺术家学习捏面人的过程，并以"A Day with a Craftsman"为题，给校刊"英语角"写一篇英文稿件．注意：词数不少于60．提示词：一个面团a piece of dough 面人 dough figurine．2018北京101中学高三（下）3月月考英语参考答案第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项．1．【分析】图书馆还有一本这本书的复印本，你要去接吗？我宁愿去书店买一本．【解答】答案：A，考查指示代词的辨析，it用于特指，与上文所指名词是同一个；one用于泛指，指代同类事物中的一个，即同名不同物，第一个空格指代的是上文提到的那本复印本，因此用特指it，第二个空指代的是同类物中的一个，因此用one，故答案为A．【点评】本题考查代词的辨析，先区分所给代词的用法，再结合语境确定正确答案．2．【分析】我想约翰会成为一个好班长的，所以我投票选他．【解答】本题考查连词辨析．but但是；so因此；or或者；for因为．根据句意可知从句是结果，用so．故选：B．【点评】本题考查连词词义辨析，考生在平时的学习中应注意积累相应的词汇和搭配，并牢记其意思．在做题时，将词义和题干相结合，从语法、句子结构尤其是句意上去判断，句意通顺，符合逻辑，即正确答案．3．【分析】为了创建彩色的表格和图表，他下载了一个新的软件来帮忙．【解答】答案：D．根据he loaded a new software to help him（他下载了一个新的软件来帮忙）可以知道前面一句是目的状语，所以选择D To create．非谓语动词中只有to do可以做目的状语．故选：D．【点评】考查to do做目的状语．非谓语动词做状语时，to do只做目的，原因和出乎意料的结果状语．4．【分析】妈妈，我打包的午餐在哪里？在厨房．我给你做了两个三明治．【解答】答案：C．根据句意"在厨房．我给你做了两个三明治．"可知应是已经做好，所以用现在完成时．故选：C．【点评】本题考查现在完成时．现在完成时（Present perfect）表示过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果，或过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态．做时态题时，在没有明显的标志词的情况下，要注意对句意的理解，要根据上下文，找到符合语境的答案．5．【分析】即使他患了癌症，杰克逊对自己的生活一直很乐观．【解答】答案A．even if"尽管，即使"，引导让步状语从句．as long as"只要"，引导条件状语从句．as if"仿佛，好像"，引导方式状语从句．ever since自从…以来，引导时间状语从句．分析可知前后两句话之间是逻辑上的"让步"关系，再结合句子所表达的意思可知答案选A．【点评】本题考查从属连词的用法．连词的用法辨析，要注意分析主从句之间的逻辑关系，再确定相应的连词，同时注意不同的连词的语义及用法区别．6．【分析】提供食物、住房和工作是政府在自然灾害发生后首先要考虑的问题．【解答】答案 C分析句子成分可知，非谓语动词作主语，作主语的非谓语应用动名词或不定式，所以排除选项A、B，因为与其逻辑主语government是主动关系，所以排除选项D，故选C．【点评】本题考查非谓语中的动名词，非谓语做主语表示笼统概念时用动名词形式．本题的关键是分析句子结构，弄清句子成分．7．【分析】迈克，刚刚你看见查普曼先生在办公室吗？是的，他正在接受采访，而且看起来有些紧张．【解答】考查过去进行时的被动语态．he与interview之间是动宾关系，排除A项，根据上文中的just now，说明Chapman先生刚刚正在接受采访，用过去进行时的被动语态．故C项正确．故选：C．【点评】解答此类问题要了解各种时态的基本含义，并区别各种时态之间的差异，了解某些时态的特殊用法，然后结合语境选择正确答案．8．【分析】这位年轻女士，在做了几次尝试想修复她的手机，决定再试一次．【解答】考查现在分词的完成式．现在分词表示正在进行的伴随性动作，和句子主语是主谓关系，如果分词动作发生在主句谓语decided之前则要用完成时态的现在分词，故C项正确．其它三项不符合语境．故选：C．【点评】非谓语动词中的现在分词主要起形容词和副词的作用，在句中作定语、表语、补语或状语，弄清楚现在分词的构成，时态与语态，然后根据题意及上下文选择最合适的答案．9．【分析】那一定是次可怕的经历．是的．我被困在受损的车里，无法动弹．【解答】答案：A．根据上句must have been可知这是对过去事实的一种肯定猜测，下句描述的是事故的过程，为一般过去时，be stuck in意为"被困在某地"；B项为现在完成时，强调对现在造成的影响和结果，D项为过去完成时，为过去的过去，本句只表示过去的事实，可排除；故选A．【点评】对于时态题要结合句意和句中的典型词，如must have done，last time等来判断时态的选用．10．【分析】媒体这个词的基本意义指的是我们常常称之为的报纸、杂志、电台和电视．【解答】答案是C．本题考查的是名词性从句的引导词．题干中空格后需要的是refer to的宾语从句，从句中动词call往往接双宾语，即call sb．sth．，所以句中缺少call的宾语；which在名词性从句中可以做宾语，但是表示选择，排除A；that在名词性从句中不担任成分，无意义；排除B；where是副词，不能做宾语，排除；what 引导名词性从句在句中做主语或宾语，故答案选择C．【点评】名词性从句考查的关键是连接词的选用和语序，因此，我们首先要搞清从句的性质，掌握各连接词的用法，在此基础上判断．此外，关注名词性从句用陈述语序．11．【分析】上个月东南亚的部分地区遭遇洪灾，灾民仍受其影响而痛苦不堪．【解答】答案：D考查非限制性定语从句的引导词，从句中effects和先行词floods构成了所有格的关系，因此使用充当定语的引导词whose来引导．故选：D．【点评】考查非限制性定语从句的引导词，应对句子成分进行分析，再对答案进行确定．12．【分析】句意：凭借着她从她的童年记忆中获取的故事，那个作家赢得了很多小孩子的心．【解答】【答案】D．根据分析句子成分可知with the rich stories _____from her childhood memories做状语，在with的复合结构中，非谓语动词用作宾语补足语，draw表示"汲取"，和stories是被动关系，故用被动．可知选D．【点评】考查with的复合结构．draw的用法：vt.1．拔出，取出，抽出；2．提取，汲取，领取；3．引起，吸引．vi.1．移动，来临；2．打成平局，不分胜负n.1．抽奖，抽签；2．平局，不分胜负13．【分析】如果没有你的错误，你可能更容易通过驾驶考试．毕竟，你受过高质量的训练．【解答】答案：C． must have done．一定做某事．表示对过去事情的较有把握的推测，这时只能用在肯定句中，"肯定/必须已经干过…"．can/couldhave done．本来能够做某事，而实际上未做．might havedone有时表示 "本来可以做的事而实际上没有做"，含有 "劝告，责备"的语气．根据句意，C项正确．故选：C．【点评】本题考查情态动词+have done 的用法．must have done．一定做某事．表示对过去事情的较有把握的推测，这时只能用在肯定句中，"肯定/必须已经干过…"．can/couldhave done．本来能够做某事，而实际上未做．ought to/should have done sth．过去本应该做某事而实际上并没有做．may havedone用于对过去动作的推测，表示 "或许；可能"，多用于肯定句和否定句．might havedone有时表示 "本来可以做的事而实际上没有做"，含有 "劝告，责备"的语气．14．【分析】我可以用支票付账吗？对不起，先生．我们酒店有规定，付账必须用现金．【解答】答案：A题干中the management rules of our hotel 酒店的管理规定，表示这是一种规章制度；shall与第二，第三人称连用，表示命令，警告或承诺，其中，规章制度或法律条文中要用shall表示命令．故选：A．【点评】情态动词的用法是英语中常考的语言点．通常考查的方式有虚拟和推测，本题考查的是情态动词shall 表示规章制度的特殊含义．学习时要注意积累．15．【分析】把毛巾挂在椅子的后面以便它能快点干．【解答】答案是A．本题主要考查介词辨析．over在…上方；搭挂在…的上面；（从…上面）越过；for对…来说；为了，因为；with具有；和；随着；和…一致；through穿过；自始至终，从头至尾；因为，由于；凭借；根据句意和介词搭配判断，用hang…over 表示"挂在…上面"，本句中指把毛巾挂在椅子的后面，所以答案选择A．【点评】介词辨析要在掌握各介词的基本用法和固定搭配的基础上结合语境做出符合逻辑、常理的推测．第二节完形填空（每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项．16．【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，主要讲述了作者在和家人驱车旅游途中遇到了一位"看门人"，作者为"看门人"买了一份午餐的故事．这个故事告诉我们要学会向他人表达我们的感谢并关爱他人．【解答】3640CBDAB 4145 DDABC 4650 BACDA 5155DABCC。

高三政治第一轮复习——跟踪训练《文化生活》第五课1、（2010福建卷）福建省惠安女服饰以其“花头巾、短上衣、银腰带、大筒裤”的特色，在中华民族的服饰文化中独树一帜。

它适应了当地劳动的需要，汲取了闽越文化、中原文化和海洋文化的精华，在漫长的发展过程中不断完善。

这体现了A．传统服饰文化对人们的物质和精神生活产生影响B．继承传统文化必须辩证地认识它们在生活中的作用C．服饰文化使中华文化呈现出多民族文化的丰富色彩D．坚持文化的包客性是形成和保持文化特色的重要因素2、(2009·江苏)北京奥运会开幕式将中华文化与奥林匹克精神完美结合，向世界奉献了一部奥运史上最华美的乐章。

这充分说明①文化创新需要博采众长②中华文化具有包容性③外来文化是中华文化创新的基础④中华文化正在成为世界文化A.①②B.①③C.②④D.③④3、（2007·广东单科）在长期的生产劳动和社会生活中，广东人民创作了《赛龙夺锦》、《旱天雷》、《步步高》、《雨打芭蕉》等一大批富有岭南特色的经典音乐，享誉中外。

这说明①人们在社会生活中获得和享用文化②人们在实践中创造和发展文化③文化就是人类的精神产品④人民群众需要健康有益的文化A.①②③B.②③④C.①②④D.①③④4、（2007·广东文基）《国家“十一五”时期文化发展规划纲要》明确指出，要把文化创新作为“十一五”时期文化发展的重点。

国家之所以重视文化创新，是因为①文化创新可以推动社会实践的发展②文化创新可以取代传统文化③文化创新能够促进文化的繁荣④文化创新是民族文化永葆生命力的重要保证A.②③④B.①②④C.①③④D.①②③5、（2009.山东测评）2009年3月20日，山东省精神文明建设指导委员会第二次全体会议召开。

近年来，山东省注重精神文明建设，入选山东省精神文明建设“精品工程”作品的创作都取材于现实生活，贴近民生、反映时代，“精品工程”体现了山东省精神文明建设的方向和层次。

内江市高中2018届第三次模拟考试题文科综合能力测试政治试题本卷共35个小题，每小题4分，共140分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1. 2017年12月，西成高铁开通。

西安至成都的列车由原来的16小时缩短至4小时左右，票价是飞机的三分之一左右。

航空市场供(S)需(D)相交于E，不考虑其他因素，下列图示能反映这一变化趋势的是A. AB. BC. CD. D【答案】C【解析】根据题目的表述，西成高铁开通后，西安至成都的列车由原来的16小时缩短至4小时左右，票价是飞机的三分之一左右，这会导致西安到成都的飞机的需求的下降，故航空市场的供给相对回落，需求相对会下降，故C图像正确。

其他图像与题意不符。

点睛：全面理解和把握价格变动对需求量的影响(1)需求法则(同一商品)：一般情况下，价格与需求量的变化呈反方向变动。

如图：(2)需求变动曲线(同一商品)：在相同价格水平下，由于国家宏观调控政策的变动，从而导致需求量变动，需求曲线向左或向右平移。

如国家对家电下乡产品实行财政补贴，从而导致家电需求量增多，需求曲线右移。

如图：(3)需求弹性曲线(不同商品)：一般情况下，不同商品对价格变动的反应程度是不同的。

生活必需品对价格变动的反应程度较小(需求弹性小)，高档耐用品对价格变动的反应程度较大(需求弹性大)。

(4)需求相关论(相关商品)：相关商品价格变动会影响消费者对既定商品的需求。

2. 2018年3月5日，中国证券监督管理委员会组织投资者开展了一次以“理性投资，从我做起”为主题的教育专项活动，引导投资者正确认识金融和资本市场，坚持理性投资、长期投资、价值投资，为市场的长期稳定健康发展奠定基础。

证监会的这一做法旨在A. 规避投资风险，促使居民收人持续增加B. 引导科学投资，推动资本市场健康发展C. 壮大投资队伍，保护合法经营的投资者D. 繁荣资本市场，提高资金资源使用效率【答案】B【解析】A选项错误，证监会的这一做法不一定会使居民收入持续增加。