2020年上海市高考英语模拟试卷汇总

第一学期高三年级期终调研测试英语试卷（完卷时间： 120分钟满分： 140分）第I卷（共100分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a cosmetics shop. B. In a hospital. C. In a nutrition department. D. In a supermarket.2. A. Boss and secretary. B. Editor and publisher.C. Student and professor.D. Writer and reader.3. A. Open a wedding company. B. Try a new restaurant.C. Run his own bakery.D. Buy some insurance.4. A. The package is too big to deliver. B. The delivery can be made automatically.C. The woman will have lunch with the man.D. The man can make the delivery tomorrow morning.5. A. He was most difficult to satisfy. B. He set many special requirements.C. He inspected the project regularly.D. He was as common as other customers.6. A. An amazing book. B. A great woman. C. A scientific field. D. A strong voice.7. A. He himself is a big fan of Hepburn. B. He does not think the girl is like Hepburn.C. H e felt puzzled by girls’ love for Hepburn.D. He does not know anything about Hepburn.8. A. When to do mind-wandering. B. Where to have physical activities.C. How to keep attentive in a lecture.D. How to take notes in a lecture.9. A. Ordinary. B. Practical. C. Disturbing. D. Unrealistic.10. A. Decorating the company. B. Finishing a painting.C. Preparing a presentation.D. Restructuring the budget.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. 2. B. 11. C. 21. D. 30.12. A. A horse. B. A dog. C. A pig. D. A cat.13. A. More annoyed. B. Less anxious. C. More frightened. D. Less shocked. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Its clear aim. B. Its evaluation process.C. Its numerous applications.D. Its solid foundation.15. A. In 1954. B. In 2013. C. In 2018. D. In 2000.16. A. Its location and area. B. The categories of its collections.C. Its official WeChat account.D. The visiting experience it offers.Questions 17through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Consumer and gender. B. Age groups and activities.C. Sports and facilities.D. Training time and trend.18. A. Cycling. B. Jogging. C. Skiing. D. Swimming.19. A. 18-26. B. 27-35. C. 36-45. D. 46-55.20. A. To determine which item deserves priority.B. To get ideas for a more appealing slogan design.C. To know about teenagers’ leisure sporting activities.D. To see which age group is at the top of consumption capability.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Asleep on a plane: a case for window seatsI love to sleep on planes, and I have an unusual ability to sleep well on them. There have even been one or two occasions (21) __________ I have fallen asleep before takeoff and awakened upon the impact of landing, not having realized we had even left the ground. So when (22) __________ (book) my flights, I always choose the window seat whenever possible. This allows me to lean my sleepy head against the wall of the plane for a bit (23) __________ (much) comfort.Some (24) __________ argue that the aisle(走廊)seat is superior for the leg space and the ability to get off swiftly and eye the snack cart. But in reality, we’re all getting our drinks and snacks (25) __________ seconds. Also, I find that if a person knows he’s in a window seat, he’ll choose to u se the bathroom before boarding so that he (26) __________ (not need) to disturb his neighbor, which is just considerate. And he’ll seize the opportunity to get up when another seatmate gets up so that the seatmate needn’t (27) __________ (bother) more than once.As a photographer and visually oriented person, the window seat gives me the best views of cottony clouds, or a great sunset, or golden sunrise, etc. Most of all, (28) __________ __________ I’ve been flying for years, I still get pleasure of seeing my departing city or country (29) __________ (shrink) into the distance, and the butterflies in my stomach when I see the horizon of my destination come into view. And those feelings of adventure and excitement are (30) __________ keep me coming back, flight after flight, to my window seat.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passag, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Endangered languages can be found throughout the world. Many languages now have fewer than 100 or even fewer than 10 speakers. The crisis is not limited to remote regions of the world. When Europeans first arrived in North America, 312 different languages were ___41___, of which 123 are now known to be extinct. Of the ___42___ languages, most speakers are grandparents and great-grandparents.Different researchers offer different definitions of “endangered”. The system of ___43___ used by the Catalogue of Endangered Languages evaluates languages in four areas: the ___44___ of all the speakers, how often the language is conveyed to the next ___45___, the rate at which it is losing speakers and the ___46___ in which it is used. Based on this data, languages are ranked on a six-point scale from “safe” to “severely endangered.” The midpoint, “endangered” refers to a language with betwe en 100 and 1,000 speakers who represent about half of the language’s community or ethnic group. The language is spoken only by some parents, of whom very few teach it to their children. It is ___47___ used at home and is not taught in schools or used for government business.Languages become endangered due to a number of ___48___ factors including globalization, economics, technology, education policy, and changes in ___49___ attitudes. As the forces of globalization make the world more interconnected, previously ___50___ language communities come under pressure to participate in a larger economy, which means learning the area’s majority language. ___51___, local schools often begin to teach the majority language instead of the local tongue. Local languages also ___52___ as communities adopt mobile phones and computers, most of which run on software that has been translated into only a handful of languages. This trend ___53___ as these devices connect users to the Internet. At this point, many communities undergo a cultural ___54___ in which parents no longer value the language enough to teach it to their children.Initiatives to ___55___ endangered languages have become more numerous in recent years. These efforts tend to focus on two main areas: the documentation of endangered languages, and efforts to increase the use of endangered languages among younger speakers and in the community at large.41. A. at hand B. at risk C. in use D. in view42. A. ancient B. evolving C. local D. surviving43. A. assessment B. classification C. description D. research44. A. age B. background C. number D. religion45. A. committee B. century C. generation D. government46. A. content B. occupations C. situations D. themes47. A. advisedly B. efficiently C. primarily D. rarely48. A. balancing B. complicating C. historical D. interrelated49. A. cultural B. mental C. moral D. religious50. A. foreign B. informal C. isolated D. national51. A. For example B. In contrast C. In response D. Vice versa52. A. boom B. develop C. disappear D. suffer53. A. ceases B. changes C. increases D. starts54. A. difference B. influence C. shift D. variety55. A. enrich B. purify C. refresh D. standardizeSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( A )Many of China’s ancient architectural treasures smashed to dust before Lin Huiyin and Liang Sicheng began documenting them in the 1930s. The husband and wife team were among the first preservationists to operate in China, and by far the best known. Their efforts have since inspired generations of people to speak out for architecture threatened by the rush toward development.Becoming China’s best architectur al historians was no easy accomplishment. The buildings they wanted to save were centuries old, located in distant parts of the country. In many cases, they had to journey through dangerous conditions in the Chinese countryside to reach them. Exploring Chi na’s remote areas during the 1930s meant traveling muddy, poorly maintained roads by mule(骡子)or on foot. Inns were often dirty, food could be polluted, and there was always risk of violence from rebels, soldiers and robbers.Their greatest discovery was t he Temple of Buddha’s Light, in Wutai County, Shanxi Province. The breathtaking wooden temple was built in 857 A.D., making it the oldest building known in China at the time.Liang and Lin crawled into the temple’s most forbidding, forgotten areas to dete rmine its age, including one hideaway inhabited by thousands of bats and millions of bedbugs, covered in dust and littered with dead bats. “In complete darkness and among the awful smell, hardly breathing, with thick masks covering our noses and mouths, we measured, drew, and photographed with flashlights for several hours. When at last we came out to take a breath of fresh air, we found hundreds of bedbugs in our bag. We ourselves had been badly bitten. Yet the importance and unexpectedness of our find made those the happiest hours of my years hunting for ancient architecture.”Liang wrote of the experience in an account included in “Liang and Lin: Partners in Exploring China’s Architectural Past.”56. On their way to the ancient buildings in 1930s, Liang and Lin faced following risks EXCEPT ________.A. accommodationsB. personal securityC. road conditionsD. vehicles57. Liang and Lin raised public awareness of _____.A. documenting smashed historical buildingsB. rebuilding historically valuable buildingsC. saving the oldest temples in ChinaD. protecting historical buildings58. While exploring the Temple of Buddha’s Light, __________.A. Liang and Lin caught insects with awful smellB. Liang and Lin were forbidden to breathe insideC. Liang and Lin were pleased at something unhoped forD. Liang and Lin determined its age by studying bedbugs’ hideaway59. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Creativeness results in discoveryB. Difficulty produces achievementC. Efforts contribute to happinessD. 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Produce true colors, and set up, connect, and print right from your mobile device. Go from memory card to photo printout with ease.HP Photo and Document All-in-One Printers are designed for families and other home users who want a device capable of printing everything from documents, emails and web pages to rich, bright lab-quality photos—with copy and scan tools too.Active security enabled printer. Intended to be used with containers using only HP original electronic electrical system. Containers with modified or non-HP electronic circuitry may not work, and those that work today may not work in the future.Twice as many photosPrint up to twice as many pages with Original HP high-yield ink containers. HP 64 ink containers deliver true colors so all your prints will shine. Create splendid borderless photos and leaflets—right in your home. The power of your printer in your handPrinting photos just got easier – from social media, the cloud, and your camera-roll gallery.Amazing scanning, now on your smartphone. Scan and share to email or the cloud –from virtually anywhere. Ordering ink has never been easier – directly through the app. Easily print photos and everyday documents directly from your smartphone or tablet.A new level of wireless connectivity you can count onGet simple Wi-Fi® setup in minutes, and start printing fast.Return & exchange informationHP. com will accept returns or exchanges for this product up to 30 days after delivery. A restocking fee may apply.60. Which statement is true of this type of printer?A. It is a portable printer designed for home and office use.B. It is a multi-function printer producing high-quality photos.C. It is an easy-operation printer with a two-year free care pack.D. It is a wireless-connected printer protected by modified containers.61. Which of the following words best describe its “ink container”?A. Adaptable.B. Automatic.C. Cost-effective.D. Eco-friendly.62. If you order this type of printer online today, ___________.A. you will receive it tomorrowB. you can return it without being chargedC. you can get a care pack on discountD. you can save﹩80( C )①Risk is something we face daily. However, some people are obviously more willing to take risks than others.②Biologists appear to have discovered a physical reason that explains why some people are risk-takers. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter, a chemical that spreads signals between nerve cells. It is linked to the brains reward system and is the chemical that makes us feel good, and scientists believe it to be linked to risk-taking. Our nerve cells have dopamine receptors(接收器)which control the amount of dopamine that each cell receives. But not all receptors may be active. When a person has few active receptors to control the amount of dopamine that is received, a cell can become flooded resulting in an extreme feeling of happiness.③Researchers at Vanderbilt University and Albert Einstein College of Medicine asked 34 men and women to complete a questionnaire about their risk taking to assess whether they seek new opportunities or are cautious in life. The results of the research were consistent with similar studies carried out with rats, and had the same outcome. It concluded that people who are risk-takers have fewer dopamine receptors than people who are not. This suggests that the rush of pleasure a risk taker receives when a cell becomes flooded with dopamine can become addictive for some people. They therefore pursue new and exciting activities in order to try to repeat this feeling, and as a result their concern for risk becomes considerably reduced.④Dopamine gives us a biological reason for risk-taking, but scientists believe there may be psychological reasons too. Sensation-seeking is a personality characteristic that describes the desire to find activities that bring us pleasure. In 1964, psychologist Marvin Zuckerman created the sensation-seeking scale. His 40-item questionnaire, still used today, was given to people who were active in seeking new activities, and to people who were more satisfied with a quiet life. While risk-taking is not a characteristic in itself, it is very much associated with sensation-seeking, as a high sensation-seeker does not evaluate risk in the same way that a low sensation-seeker does. A desire to achieve pleasure means that there is a greater willingness to take more risks.⑤There are both biological and psychological explanations as to why some people may choose to take more risks than others. However, none of these explanations are definitive.63. If a person has fewer active dopamine receptors, __________.A. he is less likely to feel happyB. he is more willing to take risksC. he will eventually become dopamine-addictiveD. he is poorer at controlling the amount of dopamine64. The underlined phrase “consistent with” is closest to “__________” in meaning.A. contrary toB. in agreement withC. at the cost ofD. persistent in65. What can be concluded from paragraph 4?A. The longing for pleasure may lead to risk taking.B. A willingness to take more risks can be cultivated.C. The sensation-seeking scale can help to evaluate risk.D. High sensation-seekers are more common than low ones.66. This passage mainly talks about __________.A. when we learn to take risksB. how risk-taking benefits usC. what makes risk-takersD. why we should take risksSection CDirections:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Many options require city-level investment in new facilities.B.However, it is not yet clear which technologies and fuels cities will back.C.Through their actions, city governments today are helping to shape the cities of the future.D.For example, London is requiring all newly licensed taxis to be zero-emission capable from 2018.E.City planners are using transport-oriented development to increase density while maintaining quality oflife and property value.F.Some cities, such as Delhi, are investing heavily in creating the mass transport systems needed tochange how citizens travel.Sustainable Transport in CitiesTransport has always shaped cities. In Medieval times crossroads gave birth to blooming market towns. Many North American cities were created for the car. But how are the cities of today being shaped by a need for more sustainable transport?Many local governments are speeding up change through policy initiatives such as joined transport, congestion charges and low emission zones, sustainable gaining and lifecycle costing, and opening data up to companies and academics. And these city level policies can move markets in more sustainable directions. ___67___ This has resulted in five vehicle manufacturers committing to meeting that deadline, which is both in their own commercial interests and good for the environment.The least dense cities, for example, Houston, have per capita(人均的) carbon emissions nearly ten times higher than the densest, such as Singapore. ___68___ This involves gathering mixed use developments around a key transport center, as with the KL Central area in Kuala Lumpur, built around the largest railway station in Southeast Asia.___69___ Others are using motivations and behavioural change to encourage people to choose more efficient―and often healthier―forms of transport. Copenhagen has a number of progressive cycl ing policies including the Green Wave, which allows people cycling at 20km/h to hit all green lights during rush hour.Light weighting and new engine and fuel technologies are helping to make existing road and rail vehicles more efficient. ___70___ The main options are hydrogen fuel cells, fossil fuel hybrids, and electric vehicles, and the best solution may well vary from city to city.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Online “friends”―a threat to developmentThe impact of technology on the nature of our friendships has been a much-debated topic since the dramatic rise of social networks. Advances in mobile technology and social networking websites mean we spend more time online than ever before. It is therefore not surprising that so many psychologists, sociologists, and others are eager to give their thoughts on how this is impacting negatively on our society.There is one element of social networking that is deeply worrying. We find ourselves in a hyper-connected world where people access social media day and night, excited to make announcements about the tiniest details of their lives. Research is starting to show that this culture is negatively affecting not our friendships but our character. Professor Larry D. Rosen says that young people who overuse social networkingsites can become ineffective, aggressive, and display anti-social behavior in their offline lives. But perhaps an even more disturbing effect is that one of our most basic emotions seems to be disappearing—empathy. This is the emotion that allows us to see the world from our friends’ points of view. Without it, we are far less able to connect and form meaningful adult relationships.Professor Sherry Turkle suggests that people are no longer comfortable being alone. This is something confirmed by a study where 200 university students were asked to go without social media for 24 hours. Many admitted an addiction to their online social network; most complained that they felt cut off from family and friends. And yet being alone is a time when we self-reflect and get in touch with who we really are. It is only when we do this that we can make meaningful friendships with others.These potential changes in our characters are rather alarming, so it is clear that we can’t neglect those negative impacts of social networks.第II卷（共40分）V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 这些安全措施仍将继续实施至下月初。

2020上海市高考英语口语测试模拟试题【附答案】2020 Shanghai r High School English Oral Test SampleTest 1I。

SPEAKINGn Ans: Read out loud the following two XXX seconds to read for each sentence.1.You need to bring your n form back to school by tomorrow.2.Instead of trying to change something that is beyond your control。

focus on changing something that you can control.n Bns: Read out loud the following passage。

You will have one minute to prepare and thirty seconds to read.XXX。

For a long time。

people XXX to one's health and thus avoided it。

However。

by the 18th century。

doctors started advocating for soap and water as a means of keeping clean。

In the late 19th century。

XXX practice.XXX。

doctors know that XXX。

in the United States。

people XXX essential for good health.ns 1-2:1.What are the specific ns for taking care of your uncle's cat?2.When is your uncle returning from his tour?ns 3-4:1.What was the theme of the painting n?2.Which painting was your classmate's favorite?n D:It was XXX I heard a strange noise coming from outside。

上海市2020年高考英语模拟试题及答案（二）（试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟）考生注意事项：1.答卷前，着生务必将自已的姓名、准考证号填写在答題卡上。

2.回蓉选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答題卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分) （略）第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、BC和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

AIn 2018 to which we've just said goodbye, we've seen excellent movies such as Black Panther, Crazy Rich Asians and A Star Is Born. In 2019 there will be returns to classic movie characters and stories. Here are movies not to miss.Spider-Man-.Far H0- July 5, USTom Holland, the actor of 2017's Spider-Man: Homecoming, returns to play Peter Parker, a high school student who gains superpowers after being bitten by a spider(蜘蛛). When we see him again in theaters, Spider – Man will have a new red - and – black suit. The movie will take Peter on a global adventure outside of the US. According to Marved Studios President Kevin Feige, Spider - Man will try a return to his “normal" self; he will try to find his old powers on his new journey.Hobbs and Shaw, July 26,USTo most people the Fast and Furious series is all about crazy drivers racing in sports car. But in Hobbs and Shaw, humor is added to the action - packed thrills. The new film will hit US theaters on July 26. Famous English actor Jaso n Statham will star alongside Dwayne Johnson, “The Rock”, as Deckaid Shaw and Luke Hobbs respectively, as in their previous appearances in Fast and Furious 8. The action and chemistry really thrill their audience. But the new action scenes between an MI6 agent Hobbs and the killer Shaw will have to be good to beat their stand - off in the 2017 movie.The Lion King, July 19, USThis is a brand - new version of the classic children’s film. The story of wide - eyed young lion Simba still remains in hearts of world audiences even after 25 years. In this re-telling, Simba again begins the difficult journey to become the King of the Pride Lands，a vast African prairie(大草原).The favorite part of the story for many has always been the friendship between Simba, Timon and Punibaa. The last two sacrifice all they have to help Simba to become the king. How will the new movie re-imagine their famous relationship?1. Which movie will probably be most popular among children?A. Spider - Man: Far From Home.B. Hobbs and Shaw.C. Fast and Furious 8.D. The Lion King.2. What do the three movies have in common?A. The heroes have appeared in previous movies.B. They have the complex plot and humor style.C. They will be on in theaters in July worldwide.D. Famous actors and actresses act in the movies.3. What’s the writing purpose of the text?A. To ask for movie reviews.B. To make comments on the movies.C. To encourage readers to watch filmsD. To instruct readers to know styles of movie.BA simple project to help a family in need stopped Luke Mickelson in his tracks. In 2012, he and his family were inspired to build and donate a bunk bed, one bed on top of the other, after learning there were local children who slept on the floor. Shocked to discover how widespread this need was in his community, Mickelson founded Sleep in Heavenly Peace, a nonprofit that builds and delivers beds to children in need.Born and raised in Idaho, Mickelson, now 41, had a thriving career. He coached his kids’ sports teams and fished in the nearby river. But when he met children who were sleeping on the floor, his peaceful life changed course.Using safety guidelines and his daughter’s bunk bed as a model, Mickelson started buying wood and supplies to build beds with his own money. He recruited friends and family members to help around the holiday. As word spread, interest and involvement from his and other communities flooded—along with Mickelson’s bunk bed output. “That first project, we built 11 bunk beds in my garage,” he said. “The next year, we did 15. Then it doubled every year. In 2017, we built 612 bunk beds.”With the motto “No kid sleeps on the floor in our town”, the nonprofit and its more than 65 branches have built and delivered more than 1,500 free beds to children across America. But along with the rapid growth, Mickelson was faced with a tough choice: advancing his career or his nonprofit. He chose the latter and went from making “great money to zero money”. He’s never looked back. “I found that the need I have isn’t financial,” he said. “The need I have is seeing the joy on kids’ faces, knowing that I can make a difference.”4. Why did Mickelson set up Sleep in Heavenly Peace?A. To help the poor children.B. To make a big fortune.C. To inspire his community.D. To get more donations.5. What do we know about Luke Mickelson?A. He had his own fish farm.B. He changed his career from time to time.C. He used to sleep on the floor when he was a kid.D. He originally had a relaxing and pleasant life.6. How did other peop le react to Mickelson’s project?A. They showed little interest in it.B. They were supportive and involved in it.C. They were doubtful about the safety of the bunk bed.D. They volunteered to buy beds with their own money.7. What is Mickelson’s attitude to the nonprofit?A. AmbiguousB. Defensive.C. Cautious.D. Positive.CLearning how to face silence in conversation is an important skill especially when working across cultures.In international negotiations, experienced negotiator (谈判者) stay silent and impassive on purpose because that will make others feel uncomfortable and possibly make compromises without having to do anything. Americans especially can’t stand silence, so they often are the first to break the silence and sometimes might be at a disadvantage in negotiations.So what’s the best response? Set your jaw and wait it out. Don’t offer a compromise just because theyare not speaking. If you have to say something, ask a direct question, such as “What’s your initial reaction to that offer?” Once a silence is getting into 45 seconds you could say, “Let’s come back to that in a minute and go on with the next part of our negotiation.”In presentations, silence can be far more effective than dramatic passion (热情). Before starting, look at the audie nce and be silent for a moment because that says, “I’m in control. I know what I’m doing. I’m confident.”A classic example was when Apple co-founder Steve Jobs launched the first iPhone. He introduced with many pauses so that you didn’t miss his key point s. Because silence makes us nervous, our natural reaction is that we’d better pay attention, there’s something going on here.Equally, when giving a speech to staff or trainees, pauses count-especially if there are negatives. If you keep talking you’re spoon feeding. Give people a moment of silence to get beyond the emotional response and to start thinking consciously and processing.Silence can be an inward-focused thoughtful activity or an outward stillness where you give yourself the time to watch and think and listen to the world around you. Having observed the use of silence in Finland and also among the Blackfeet Nation, a North American Indian tribe in northern Montana in the US, we can see benefits far beyond wheeling and dealing.Silence can be a very powerful point for understanding ourselves, understanding others, for developing better common understanding and more productive outcomes and that applies to business, politics, education, law, medicine, every area of human life.8. What is most likely to be Americans idea?A. Speaking less gives the upper handB. The shorter talking gaps are, the better.C. A silent man is the best one to listen toD. Speak out what you have in your mind.9. What is the purpose of the example of Steve Jobs?A. To show the wisdom of Steve Jobs.B. To explain silence can be more effective.C. To introduce how to make a presentation.D. To prove silence can ease one’s nervousness.10. What is the meaning of the underlined words “spoon feeding” in Paragraph 6?A. Supporting some person with any selfless help.B. Feeding somebody patiently with a small spoon.C. Giving others some new ideas to think over carefully.D. Using a way that discourages independent thought.11. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Silence is the best defense.B. Silence in negotiations is of great help.C. Learning the skills about silence is important.D. Silence has different meanings in difficult culture.DBritish people work some of the longest hours in Europe, but are among the least productive. Now some companies are shortening the working week to increase efficiency, health and happiness.Rich Leigh has introduced a four-day week at his PR company. In fact, his entire company has Friday off, because his firm has adopted a four-day week. It is one of a handful of UK businesses that now operate like this: staff still get paid their previous five-day salary, but they work a day less. The company found that they achieved just as much—and there were even sighs of growth. “The key to the scheme’s success,” Leigh says, “is how happy our employees now are.”The average British worker takes only a 34 minute lunch break and works 10 hours overtime each week (more often than not this is unpaid). Yet UK productivity falls seriously behind their European neighbors, who tend to work fewer hours.British working practices have caused loss and damage to the nation’s health and happiness. More than half a million workers in the UK were signed off with work-related stress or anxiety last year. Moreover, the work landscape itself is changing. Automation and AI will have a significant impact on the labor market, where unsteady work becomes more common.Britain is the only EU member that allows workers to ignore the EU working time limit and work longer ho urs. For campaigners, now is the time for a change. O’Grady, an advocate, argues that where businesses have increased their profits as a result of automation, success should be shared with workers in the form of reduced hours. “It’s time to share the benef its from new technology, not allowing those at the top to grab them for themselves.” she says.12. We can learn from the passage that ________.A. British people are the least productive in the worldB. Most companies in Britain have conducted a four-day weekC. PR company has witnessed a rise in employees’ happinessD. British people work longer and get more payment than other countries13. Which is the proper description of British working practices?A. The working time of British workers is within the EU limit.B. In terms of productivity, Britain is beaten by the United States.C. Profits gained from new technology are on the decrease.D. Automation and AI are likely to cause an instable work market.14. Which can be inferred from O’Grady’ s words in the last paragraph?A. It’s time for employers to share the increased profits created by automation.B. Workers should benefit from automation in the form of less working hours.C. New technology should belong to both businesses and workers.D. Businesses can’t make more profits without new technology.15. What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage?A. To introduce some British firms’ switch to a four-day working week.B. To explain the reasons why British workers suffer stress and anxiety.C. To appeal for more reasonable working conditions.D. To present the current productivity problem in Britain.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

上海市2020年高考英语模拟试题及答案（试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟）考生注意事项：1.答卷前，着生务必将自已的姓名、准考证号填写在答題卡上。

2.回蓉选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答題卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

第一部分听力(共20小题；共两节，满分30分) （略）第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、BC和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A72 hours in BeijingTraveling to China is no longer a luxury for many foreign passport holders. The Chinese governmenthas permitted a 72-hour visa-free policy that offers access to visitors from 53 countries including the US,France and Austria. Let’s start with the capital of China, Beijing Here's a pick of the best in Beijing!Mutianyu Great WallYour trip to Beijing isn't really complete without seeing one of the “New Seven Wonders of t World”, the Great Wall of China, The Mutia nyu section of the Great Wall is by far the most well-preservedof all. Taking a one hour bus ride, Mutianyu would be your ideal location for a half-day of hiking awayfrom the large crowds in the city. Also, the authorities have allowed tourists to paint graffiti on a specificsection of the Great Wall since 2014. The Great Wall was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in1987.798 Art ZoneThis would be on the top of my list! Named after the 798 factory that was built in the 1950s, the artzone is home to various galleries, design studios, art exhibition spaces, fashionable shops and bars. Youcould easily spend half your day wandering around the complex, feeling the contrast of the present and thepast.Summer PalaceLocated in northwestern Beijing, th e Summer Palace is by far the city’s most well-preserved royalpark. With its huge lake and hilltop views, the palace offers you a pastoral escape into the landscape oftraditional Chinese paintings. The Summer Palace was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1998.Sichuan Provincial Restaurant-known Peking duck, the Sichuan provincial While in Beijing, apart from trying the city’s bestrestaurant is one of places where you can enjoy regional delicious food. It offers one of Chinacuisines, Sichuan, which ranges from Mapo tofu to spicy chicken.21. Which of the following is true about the Mutianyu Great Wall?A. It is the most well-preserved part of the Great Wall.B. You can paint graffiti anywhereC. You need a half-day to get there.D. It was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 201422. When was the Summer Palace added to the UNESCO World Heritage List?A. In1950.B. In 1987C. In 1998D. In2014.23. Which place is the authors first choice when visiting Beijing?A. Mutianyu Great Wall.B. Summer Palace.C. 798 Art ZoneD. Sichuan Provincial Restaurant.BTRAIL SAFE! is a unique safety training program designed specifically for National Park Serviceeadership Training,(NPS) Trail V olunteers, but is useful to everyone! It’s based upon NPS Operational Lwhere the human factor of safety is explored. TRAIL SAFE! captures (捕捉) the core learning objectives ofthe 16-hour Operational Leadership course while allowing volunteers to learn from their own homes online.The TRAIL SAFE! series includes eight video lessons, each ranging in length from 18 to 40 minuteslong. Watch them over the course of multiple days, or “binge watch” the entire series in three hours up to you—but please watch them in order from Lesson 1 through Lesson 8. After viewing the lessons,send your training verification (验证) emails to register your participation. When you have viewed andregistered for all eight individual lessons, each participant will receive a TRAIL SAFE! pin and a SPE/GARcard in the mail for use in the field. Thank you for helping to make Sleeping Bear Dunes one of the safestwork environments for NPS Trail V olunteers like yourself.Ready to start?Click on this link to access all TRAIL SAFE! videos: https:///iatr/trail-safe.htmIf you require Audio Descriptive versions of TRAIL SAFE!, the link to those videos is also availableon the Ice Age Trail site.Record your participationIn order to receive credits for your participation, please fill in your answers to the following questionsand email to: Matthew_.●Which video lesson did you just complete viewing?●Ｎame of the Trail where you volunteer.●Your name and full mailing address, so we may send your course completion materials to you.●Names and addresses of others if you are viewing this lesson in a group setting.●Optional: Please let us know any comments o r suggestions you have about this lesson.Upon registering your completion for the entire eight lesson series, you’ll receive yourTRAIL SAFE!pin and risk assessment card via mail.24. What is the aim of TRAIL SAFE!?A. To develop volunteers’ operationalleadership.B. To offer links to the websites for learning.C. To provide credits for viewing.D. To pass the risk assessment.25. How long does it take the participants to watch the eight videos at a time?A. 18 minutes.B. 40 minutes.C. 3 hours.D. 16 hours.26. What should the participants do to get a SPE/GAR card?A. Watch and register for all the series.B. Give some comments on the lessons.C. Send and receive training mails.D. Answer all of the questions.27. What can be inferred about the job of NPS Trail V olunteers?A. It is popular with everyone.B. It can be dangerous.C. It shall be completed online.D. It needs NPS working experience.C“Anything you want, anytime you need it.”The message appeared on computer screens across the country at the same time, on the same day:December 12th, at 12 p.m.. Simultaneously, important looking envelopes containing cards with the samemessage were hand-delivered to the offices of all the major news companies.One found its way to the desk of Chris Lin, a business reporter at The Post. The card was beautifullydesigned – a black background with the words printed out in crisp white letters. There was no explanationon the back, just a website address.Chris went to the website. Its style was identical to the ca rd’s and said:“Anytime: Starting Tomorrow.”The next day websites and blogs were filled with articles theorising about Anytime. Was it a shoppingit was awebsite like Tao Bao or Amazon? A joke? Something illegal? Anytime’s marketing had worked –household name before it’d even made a single sale.When the opening came, that day at noon, the Anytime website suddenly had a single field that read,“What do you want?” All you had to do was type the words into that box, and then specify how quickly youwanted your item delivered: within one, ten, or twenty-four hours.Bloggers were the first to test the service. And their reviews were glowing. Within weeks, Anytimehad become a part of daily life. Nobody used other delivery sites or the post anymore as Anytime was muchcheaper and faster.Chris still wondered what exactly Anytime was. He tried to find out who owned the company, but itwas registered in a small country that did not require such information to be made public. He did find someinteresting facts, though. Anyone who challenged the company, it seemed, met with serious trouble. Agovernment official critical of Anytime for avoiding tax was forced to leave his position after news storiessuddenly appeared claiming he was dishonest. The head of another company taking Anytime to court diedin a car accident just days before the case was to begin.Chris began making a list of all the people who had something terrible happen to them after opposingor criticising Anytime. By lunch, he had more than one hundred examples. Something was definitely wrong.Chris worked on his list the rest of the day, emailing people who could provide more information andlooking through newspaper records. After working through the night, an exhausted Chris finally fell asleepat his desk at 4 a.m..When he woke a few hours later, there was a message flashing on his computer screen: “Stotrouble.” Chris smiled. He had no intention of stopping now that he knew he was on the right track.28. What was on the front of the card sent to Chris Lin?A. An invitation to a company opening.B. The website address of a new company.C. The words “Anytime:Starting tomorrow”．D. The words “Anything you want, anytime you need it”．29. Why did the company choose to send the cards to many news reporters?A. Because it didn’t have enough money for traditional advertising.B. Because it wanted to attract the reporters as customers.C. So the reporters would write stories about the new company.D. So people would find the new company interesting.30. What did Chris’ s research suggest aboutAnytime?A. It may be very dangerous.B. Its popularity would soon decrease.C. It was doing business all over the world.D. It was being widely criticised by journalists.31. How did Chris feel at the end of the story?A. Scared that he would get into trouble.B. Confident that he would find the truth.C. Nervous about what the company would do.D. Satisfied that he had discovered the company’s secret.DConnecting with people has become so much easier with advancing technology. Tasks that oncerequired a postage stamp or carrier pigeon are now as simple as tapping a name or even a face on yourscreen, and you’re connected. But also easier is unconsciously getting caught up in a dilemma by violatingcertain new r ules for communicating. A big one for some: Don’t call until you’ve texted to confirm it to call. But that’s just the beginning.“I’m usually pretty mild and not much bothers me,” said Mark Angielle, a 29-year-old office managerfrom White Plains, New York. But the one thing that he hates more than anything else in life is the terribleone-word message —“K.”“At the very least reply with, Got it.” he said “At least give me a few where. You’re not that busy.”There are hundreds, perhaps even thousands, of others who have taken Lo social media to expresstheir distaste for people who don’t follow the unwritten rules of digital communication.“These rules are simply a new display of a phenomenon we’ve seen in the past,” said James professor of communication a Virginia Tech. In the same way that generations and small groups of friendshave their own slang and customs, internet culture has given birth to technology-dependent beings thathave their own unique set of routine.But not everyone gets the point. Unlike language, digital communication can be filled with ambiguousclues (线索、迹象) that the person on the other end of the call, text or email may or may not easilyunderstand.“As soon as people aren’t talking face to face, the first thing that gets lost is some of the richness ofly fill that gap by using emoji (表情符号) to sum up athe body language,” Ivory said, “People immediatefeeling in seconds.“There's great potential for danger,” Ivory warned. “What's considered polite in one form might be inappropriate or rude in another occasion.”32. What can you infer about Mark from Paragraph 2?A. He is a businessman with a bad temper.B. He complains about social manners.- word messages.C. He can’t bear oneD. He dislike a busy business life.33. According to the text, which of the following breaks the rules for communicating?A. John says “I got it.” to his boss face to face.B. Jim calls Bill without confirming in advance.C. Mary texts Lily to make sure if she can call her.D. Jack sends “Thanks a lot” to his business friends.34. Why may people misunderstand each other during digital communication?A. Emoji cannot sum up feelings.B. People use their own slang and customs.C. There are large quantities of written rules.D. People gets wrong messages without clear clues.35. What are people expected to do after reading tie passage?A. To obey their own digital communication rules.B. To be aware of rules during digital communication.C. To use advancing technology even with disadvantages.D. To keep pace with digital communication development.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020年上海市徐汇区高考英语一模试卷II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections : After reading the passage below , fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word , fill in eachblank with the proper form of the given word ； for the other blanks , use one word that best fits each blank.1.Once upon a time …Once upon a time there lived in Germany two brothers . At school they met a wise man who led them to a treasure 一a library of old books with tales more fascinating than any they had ever heard . (1) (inspire), the brothers began collecting their own stories , listening to the folktales people told them . Soon they produced their own treasure — a book of fairy talesthat would charm millions in faraway lands for generations (2) (come).The brothers Grimm , Jacob and Wilhelm, named their story collection Children published it in Germany in 1812 . The collection ( 3) (translate) into more than 160 languages up to now . The stories and their characters continue tofeature in virtually every media : theatre , opera, comic books, movies, paintings , rock music, advertisingand fashion .Such fame would have shocked the modest Grimms . During their lifetimes the collection (4) (sell) few copies in Germany . The early editions were not even aimed at children . They had no illustrations , and scholarly footnotes took up almost as much space as the tales (5) . Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm began their work at a time (6) Germany had been occupied by the French under Napoleon . The new rulers restricted local culture . As young scholars, the brothers Grimm began to work on the fairy tale collection in order to save the endangered oral storytelling tradition of Germany .(7) the brothers implied that they were just keeping records of tales , Wilhelm continued to polish and reshape the stories up to the final edition of 1857 . In an effort to make them more acceptable to children and their parents , he stressed the moral of each tale and emphasized gender roles . To this day, parents still read them to their children because they approve of the lessons in the stories : keep your promises , don' t talk to strangers work hard , obey your parents .Yet (8) all Wilhelm ' s additithesmost important part of these stories was left untouched . The cruel treatment of children and the violent punishments handed out to the stories ' bad sampled . More than 1 , 000 small pieces of plastic per litre were found in the River Tame , which was (3) last year as the most polluted place tested worldwide . Even in relatively remote places such as the Falls ofDochart and Loch Lomond in Scotland , two or three pieces per litre were found .Microplastics are not a (4) kind of plastic , but rather any type of small pieces of plastic that is less than5 mm in length according to the U . S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . They may (5) from a variety of sources , including cosmetics , clothing , and industrial processes .Humans are known to ( 6) the tiny plastic particles through food and water , but the possible health effects on people and ecosystems have yet to be determined . One study, in Singapore, has found that microplastics can (7) harmful microbes (微生物).Research by the National University of Singapore found more than 400 types of bacteria on 275 pieces of microplastic collected from local beaches . They included insects that cause gastroenteritis (肠胃炎) and wound 8 8) in humans . "Microplastics are being found (9) everywhere but we do not know the harm they could be doing ," said Christian Dunn at Bangor University , Wales, who led the work . "It ' s no use looking back in 20 yearsIf only we ' d realized just how bad it waWe need to be monitoring our waters now and we need to think , as a country and a world , how we can be reducing our (10) on plastic."III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections : For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A , B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Since 2008, the average labour — force participation rate of 55 — to 64 - year — olds in OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ) countries has risen by eight percentage points . A new OECD report, “ Working Better with Age pointjs out that the employment of older workers is (1) , if prosperity is to be maintained . That can be taken as a sign that our society is finally (2) the value of its older employees.Retirement gives you the chance to sleep late and avoid the morning rush hours . No longer do you have to sit through endless meetings or check email frequently . But work can keep the mind active and gives people a (3) in life . The first month of retirement may seem pleasant, but (4) is sure to come . Grand plans to learn languages and travel the world can quickly lose their appeal . (5) , the company ofcolleagues provides a social network; spending all week at home can lead to loneliness .are Woiminghlcooigso meould be easier now that most jobs require (6) , rather than manual, labour . Ofparents .So what accounts for their popularity ? Some have suggested that it is (9) the characters are always striving for happiness . But the truth probably lies in their origin . Grimms' tales were born out of a storytelling tradition without boundaries (界限) of age or culture . The brothers ' skill was to translate these into a universal style of writing that seems to mirror (10) moods or interests we bring to our reading of them . And so it was that the Grimms ' fairy tales lived happily ever afterSection BDirections : Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. distributedB . absolutelyC. infections D. consumeE. harborF. relianceG. potentialH. specificI. originateJ. respectivelyK. revealed Microplastic PollutionIn the past few years , scientists have found microplastics in our soil , tap water, bottled water , beer and even in the air we breathe . And there ' s growing concern about the 1) health risks they poseto humans . The new analysis in the UK have discovered microplastics widely ( 2) across all 10 lakes and riverscourse, many people are working longer not because they enjoy what they do, but because they cannot afford to ⑺ . That is not just because governments have been pushing up the state retirement age .(8), the average age at which people actually retire differs from the official age by several years . In part, that is because many people do not rely on the state pension as their only source of income and need work — related pensions to supplement it .However, companies are gradually ( 9) pensions linked to final salaries with“ defined contributischemes. Under the latter, workers end up with a pot of savings at retirement that needs to be (10). The income from such pots has been reduced by very low interest rates . Women tend to have smaller retirement pots (thanks to their years spent raising children ) , making their difficulties even more (11). They need to keep working .Older workers may feel (12) , particularly when it comes to promotion . Two issues seem to hold(13) back. The first is that older workers tend to (14) higher salaries, because of the seniority system . The second is a (15) of skills; one in three 55 — to 65 — year — olds in OECD countries either lack computer experience or cannot pass technology tests . Such problems can be resolved with proper training, but the over — 55s should take it upon themselves to keep up with technological changes .s and Household Tales andnd saying：guys(1)A.shortsightedB.vitalC.adequateD.unnecessary(2)A.recognizingB.assessingC.questioningD.transforming(3)A.frameB.choiceC.lessonD.purpose(4)A.libertyB.boredomC.priorityD.motivation(5)A.HoweverB.InsteadC.ThereforeD.Furthermore(6)A.mentalB.simpleC.physicalD.routine(7)A.proceedB.continueC.persistD.quit(8)A.In conclusionB.In other wordsC.In practiceD.In particular(9)A.replacingB.furnishingC.increasingbining(10 )A.registeredB.reinvestedC.refundedD.removed(11)A.personalB.severeC.emotionalD.practical(12 )petitiveB.dominantC.distinguishedD.disadvantaged(13 )A.employersB.researchersC.employeesD.female workers(14 )mandB.ensureC.opposeD.ignore(15 )A.rangeB.disciplineC.shortageD.s Section BDirections : Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished each of them there are four choices marked A , B, C and D. Choose one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.Agnes de Mille was a dancer and a choreographer (编舞). Early in her career, de Mille had created the choreograph called Three Virgins and a Devil . She thought it was good work, but nobody made much of it.A few years later, de Mille choreographed a ballet named Rodeo . Again, she thought her work was solid, but it res commercial fame .Then, in 1943, de Mille choreographed Oklahoma!, a musical show that enjoyed nearly instant success . In the comin Oklahoma! would run for an incredible 2, 212 performances, both around the nation and abroad . In 1955, the film vers Academy Award .But the success of Oklahoma! didn ' t bring her much hapSh e sthought that her work on Oklahoma! was only average co of her other creations . She later said, “After the opening of Oklahoma!, I suddenly had unexpected success for a wo only fairly good, after years of neglect for work I thought was fine . I began to think that perhaps my entire scale untrustworthy . I talked to Martha .”Martha was Martha Graham, perhaps the most influential dance choreographer of the 20thcentury . (Although not as well — known by the general public, Graham has been compared to other creative geniuses like Picasso or Frank Lloyd Wright.)During their conversation, de Mille told Martha Graham about her frustration . "I confessed that I desire to be excellent, but no faith that I could be .”Graham responded by saying,“There is a vitality, a life force, an energy, a quickening that is translated through you into acti on, and beca only one of you in all of time, this expression is unique . And if you block it, it will never exist through any othe will be lost . The world will not have it . It is not your business to determine how good it is nor how valuable nor with other expressions . It is your business to keep it yours clearly and directly, to keep the channel open .”(1)What can be learned about de Mille ' s ballet named Rodeo A. Itearned her a large fortune .B.It made her rise to fame overnight .C.It didn ' t enjoy much essD. It laid a solid foundation for her career ..(2)How did de Mille feel about the great success of the musical Oklahoma! ?A. Relieved.B. Ashamed.C. Confused.D. Proud..(3)) Picasso and Frank Lloyd Wright were mentioned in the passage to suggest that Martha GrahamA.was outstanding in visual arts and architectureB.enjoyed the same popularity as themD. Housing Options and SolutionsOn August 29th, as Hurricane Dorian tracked towards America'困0raMicoas t he boss of Tesla,anelectric — car maker, announced that some of his customers in the storm ' s path would findthat their cars had.oomjddenly developed the ability to drive farther on a single battery charge . Like many modernvehicles, Mr. Musk' s products are best thought of as internet- connected computers on wheels . The cheaper models in Tesla ' -sdineave parts of their batteries disabled by the car order'tosiBofttheiie inrange. At the tap of a keyboard in Palo Alto, the firm was able to remove those restrictions and give drivers temporaryaccess to the full power of their batteries .Mr. Musk' s computerized cars are just one example of a much broaier trend . As computers and connectivity become cheaper, it makes sense to bake them into more and more things that are not, in themselves, computers, creating an a internet of things ”Such a world will bring many benefits . Consumers will get convenience, and products that can do things non 一 computerized versions cannot . Businesses will get efficiency, as information about the physical world that used to be uncertain becomes concrete and analyzable .In the long term, though, the most obvious effects will be in how the world works . Ever more companies will become tech companies; the internet will become everywhere . As a result, a series of unresolved arguments will spill over from the virtual world into the real one .Start with ownership . As Mr Musk showed, the internet gives firms the ability to stay connected to their productseven after they have been sold, transforming them into something closer to services than goods . That has already made the traditional ideas of ownership unclear . When Microsoft closed its ebook store in July, for instance, its customers lost the ability to read titles they had bought (the firm offered refunds ). That shifts the balance of power from thecustomer to the seller .Virtual business models will in the physical world . Tech firms are generally happy to move fast andbreak things . But you cannot release the beta version (测试版) of a fridge . Apple, a smartphonemaker, provides updates for its phones for only five years or so after their release; users of Android smartphones are lucky to get two . But goods such as washing machines or industrial machinery can have lifespans of a decade or more . Firms will need to work out how to support complicated computerised devices long after their original programmers have moved on .Data will be another flashpoint . For much of the internet the business model is to offer” freepaid for with valuable user data, collected with consent (同意) that is half — informed at best . In thevirtualworld, arguments about what should be tracked, and who owns the resulting data, can seem airy and theoretical . In the real one, they will feel more urgent .Predicting the consequences of any technology is hard — especially one as universal as computing . The emergence of the consumer internet, 25 years ago, was met with starry — eyed optimism . These days the internet ' s faults dominate the headlinesBut the people have the advantage of having lived through the first internet revolution — which should give them some idea of what to expect .11)From the passage we can tell that Tesla can. A. drive faster than usual in extreme weatherB.adjust the range of its battery powerC.charge the battery at the tap of a keyboardD. operate when the battery is fully drained .(2)Which of the following is NOT an example of the a unresolved arguments " mentioned in the passageA.Early adopters of certain apps find that they ceased to work after the firm lost interest .B.The insurance company uses data from fitness trackers to adjust customers (保费premiumsputerized machinery can ' t predict its breakdowns or schedule preventive maintenanceD. A high — tech fridge company restricts its customers from repairing their fridges themselves ..(3)The underlined word probably means in this context .A. boomB. conflictC. vanishD. expand.(4)4) This passage is mainly about.A.how the world will change as computers spread into everyday objectsB.the adoption of electric vehicles and the possible problems to expectC.what should be done to prevent the breakdown of computerized devicesD.different views on the current application of Internet Technology .Section CDirections : Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Creativity is associated with many factors .B.Rather, they should work to expand , grow , and exercise it.C.Without creativity , we are indistinguishable from the masses .D.However, creativity can be acquired at any age .E.It ' s hard to work out where exactly creativity comes fromF.Everyone has the capacity to be creative .Essential Creativity In a recent survey in America , 62% of people said that creativity was more important to success in the workplace than theyhad anticipated it would be when they were in school .11)It is of course possible to scan people ' s brains and see tw hich fping when an idea iscreated ,but rather more romantically it can be thought of as something that cannot be identified . Creativity is what comes to youwhen you least expect it . You cannot demand creativity from your mind , nor can you demand that you areseeaices ithat paeticular way .One misconception about creativity is that it is reserved for a few special people Another misconception isthat creativity is all about the arts but this simply isn and science in just the way it does to music andliterature .Those who see things differently to others and are confident enough to make their ideas a reality are the ones who make thegreatest changes in the world . Consequently , it is incredibly important that schools do not prevent creativity . ⑶Students should be taught to ask questions and investigate when things do not makesense. They need to learn to view mistakes as opportunities for learning rather than something that was unsuccessful.It is worrying that many schools are less concerned now with nurturing creativity when this is the most important time inhistory for it . It used to be that people worked hard , went to university , and got a job . That was it. But now ,everyone works hard , goes to university — and there aren ' t the jobs out there that guarantee a safe future . (4) Wecan use it to set ourselves apart , and channel it to face the challenges of thefuture .IV.Summary WritingDirections ： Read the following passage . Summarize the main idea and the main point ( s) of the passage in no more than60 words . Use your own words as far as possible .The Decline of BiodiversityBiodiversity is the range of living things in an area . During the last 100 years , scientists have seen a great decline in biodiversity . Some studies show that one in eight plant species is threatened with extinction . It is estimated that 140 ,000 species of plants are lost each year.Most of the extinctions in the last thousand years are due to humans . The main cause is the chopping down of tropical rain forests . Most of this destruction is done to create pasture (牧场) for beef cattle . Many rainforests in Central and South America have been burnt down to make way for cattle farming , which supplies beef to the rest of the world . It is estimatedthat for each pound of beef produced , 200 square feet of rainforest are destroyed . The forests are also cut down to makewheat for bread as well as fruit for human consumption . The introduction of exotic (夕卜来的) species is another threat .The latest research from the University of Southampton has revealed the impact of exotic species upon native wildlife , whichcould potentially lead to the extinctions of local species . When exotic species are introduced to a place , they try to establish a self — sustaining population . While the local species , which haven ' t had a chance to evo,lveoften lack defenses and thus cannot compete against the exotic species .The disappearance of certain food animals can be disastrous not only to larger animals but also to the entire ecosystem. Itis these small creatures which convert much of the energy in an ecosystem from unusable(i. e. microscopic plants , decaying matter, etc.) into usable forms , namely their bodies . Their absence makes mostenergy and nutrients trapped in forms unusable to other species . This makes the environment less suitable for healthyliving , and less capable of producing resources that humans need .V.TranslationDirections : Translate the following sentences into English , using the words given in the brackets.我家门口的街道成天车水马龙. (crowd )This is not trueext中国女排成功卫冕世界冠军，给全国人民以极大的鼓舞．（succeed） ____________本次“城市公共交通周”的活动旨在提高公众节能环保的意识．（aim）___________我实在想不通为什么大伙儿都觉得他这个人高不可攀，我印象中他挺和蔼可亲的．（strike）__________ VI.Guided WritingDirections : Write an English composition in 120 — 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese假设你是陈芳．你的好友王敏是新华中学的学生，下个月将去英国的姐妹校交流访问．王敏想拍摄一个短片，向英国的同学和老师介绍自己的学校．她通过邮件向你征求意见．写一封回信，内容须包括：I、短片的主题以及与之匹配的主要内容；2、你选择这些内容的理由．参考答案与试题解析2020年上海市徐汇区高考英语一模试卷II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections : After reading the passage below , fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word , fill in eachblank with the proper form of the given word ； for the other blanks , use one word that best fits each blank.1.【答案】Inspired,to come,has been translated,wassold,themselves,when,Though/Although/While,despite,because,what/whatever【考点】说明文语法填空【解析】本文讲述了格林童话的作者的写作经历，分析了受欢迎的原因是格林的故事是在没有年龄和文化界限的讲故事传统的基础上诞生的.【解答】(1)Inspired .考查派生词.做状语，说明主语the brothers的状态，表示受到鼓舞的“，用形容词Inspired .(2)to come .考查动词不定式.做定语，修饰名词generations ,表示将要到来的“，用动词不定式tocome.(3)has been translated .考查谓语动词.和时间状语up to now 一致，用现在完成时态，和主语The collection构成被动关系，谓语动词用has been translated .(4)was sold.考查谓语动词.根据时间状语During their lifetimes ,可知谓语动词用过去式，和主语the collection构成被动关系，用was sold.(5)themselves .考查反身代词.代指the tales ,表示强调，用反身代词themselves .(6)when . 考查定语从句. 修饰先行词 a time , 做定语从句Germany had been occupied by the French under Napoleon的时间状语，用关系词when .(7)Though/Although/While .考查状语从句.本句表示虽然兄弟俩暗示他们只是在记录故事，威廉继续润色和重塑故事，直到1857年的最终版本.”，所以引导让步状语从句the brothers implied that they were just keeping records of tales , 用Though/Although/While .(8)despite .考查介词.修饰名词all Wilhelm ' s addition表示尽管“，用介词despite .(9)because.考查表示表语从句.本句表示这是因为角色总是在追求幸福”，所以引导表语从句the characters are always striving for happiness ,用连词because.(10)what/whatever . 考查宾语从句.弓I导宾语从句moods or interests we bring to our reading of them , 做从句的宾语，用what/whatever .Section BDirections : Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.【答案】G.potential,Adistributed,K . revealed,H. specific」. originate,Dconsume,Eharbor,Cinfections,Babsolutely,Frelia nce【考点】选词填空【解析】在过去的几年里，科学家们在我们的土壤、自来水、瓶装水、啤酒甚至我们呼吸的空气中发现了微型塑料，人们越来越担心它们给人类带来的潜在健康风险.本文从多个研究角度呼吁人们需要想想，作为一个国家和一个世界，我们如何才能减少对塑料的依赖.【解答】(1)G. potential .考查单词填空.根据句意人们越来越担心它们给人类带来的潜在健康风险”可知表示潜在的”用G. potential .(2) A. distributed .考查单词填空.根据句意微型塑料广泛分布在所有10个湖泊和河流中.”可知表示分布“用A. distributed .(3)K. revealed .考查单词填空.根据句意塔姆河每升发现1000多小块塑料，去年被发现是世界上污染最严重的地方”可知表示揭示，发现”用K. revealed .(4)H. specific.考查单词填空.根据句意微塑料不是一种特定类型的塑料”可知表示特定的”用H.specific.(5)I. originate .考查单词填空.根据句意它们可以来源于多种来源，包括化妆品、服装和工业过程”可知表示来源于"用I. originate .(6) D. consume.考查单词填空.根据句意类通过食物和水摄入这些微小的塑料颗粒，”可知表示摄入”用D. consume.(7) E. harbor.考查单词填空.根据句意新加坡的一项研究发现，微型塑料可能藏匿有害微生物. ”可知表示藏匿”用E. harbor.(8) C. infections.考查单词填空.根据句意其中包括引起人类肠胃炎和伤口感染的昆虫. ”可知表示“‘用in humans.(9) B. absolutely .考查单词填空.根据句意微型塑料绝对是在任何地方都能被发现”可知表示绝对”用B. absolutely .(10) F. reliance .考查单词填空.根据句意作为一个国家和一个世界，我们如何才能减少对塑料的依赖.可知表示依赖”用F. reliance .111.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections : For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A , B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.【答案】BADBDADCABBDAAC【考点】社会文化【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了人们为了自己的选择和需要而工作更长时间. 【解答】(1) B 考查形容词. A. shortsighted 近视；B. vital 重要的；C. adequate 充足的；D. unnecessary 没必要的；如果要保持繁荣，老年工人的就业至关重要.根据下一句 "That can be taken as a sign that our society is finally (2) the value of its older employees 这可以看作是我们的社会终于认识到老员工的价值.”可知老年员工很重要.故选B.(2) A 考查动词. A. recognizing 辨认出；B. assessing 评估；C. questioning 质问；D. transforming 转变；这可以看作是我们的社会终于认识到老员工的价值.故选 A. (3) D 考查名词.A. frame 框架；B. choice 选择；C. lesson 教训；D. purpose 目的；但是工作可以让 你的头脑保持活跃，给人们一个生活的目标.根据上一句 "But work can keep the mind active 可知说的是工作的好处.故选D.(4) B 考查名词.A. liberty 自由；B. boredom 无聊；C. priority 优先；D. motivation 动机；退休的头 一个月可能看起来很愉快，但无聊肯定会到来.根据下一句 "spending all week at home can lead to loneliness .可知不工作会很无聊.故选 B.(5) D 考查副词.A. However 然而；B. Instead 代替；C. Therefore 因此；D. Furthermore 此外；此外, 同事的陪伴提供了一个社交网络.故选 D.(6) A 考查形容词.A. mental 精神的；B. simple 简单的；C. physical 身体的；D. routine 日常；既然 大多数工作都需要脑力劳动，而不是体力劳动，那么延长工作时间应该会更容易些.根据下一句"ratherthanmanual, labour 而不是体力劳动，"可知是脑力劳动.故选 A.(7) D 考查动词.A. proceed 继续；B. continue 继续；C. persist 坚持；D. quit 退出；当然，许多人 之所以延长工作时间，并不是因为他们喜欢自己的工作，而是因为他们无力辞职.故选D.(8) C 考查介词短语. A. In conclusion 总之；B. In other words 换句话说； C. In practice 实际上；D. Inparticular 尤其；实际上，平均年龄实际退休的人与官方规定的年龄相差几年，故选 C.(9) A 考查动词.A. replacing 代替；B. furnishing 装饰；C. increasing 增力口； D. combining 联合；然而, 公司正逐步用固定缴款”计划取代与最终工资挂钩的养老金.故选A.(10)B 考查动词.A. registered 注册；B. reinvested 投资；C. refunded 退款； D. removed 移动；在后 者下，工人退休时会有一笔储蓄，需要再投资.故选B.(11)B 考查形容词.A. personal 个人的；B. severe 严重的；C. emotional 感情的；D. practical 实践 的；这要感谢在抚养孩子的这几年里，他们的困难更加严重，他们需要继续工作.故选B.(12)D 考查形容词.A. competitive 有竞争力的； B. dominant 优势；C. distinguished 杰出的；D. disadvantaged 劣势；老年工人可能会感到处于不利地位，尤其是在晋升方面.年老的工人在晋升方面肯 定是不利的.故选 D.(13)A 考查名词. A. employers 雇主； B. researchers 研究员 C. employees 顾工； D. female workers 女 工人；有两个问题似乎阻碍了雇主的发展.根据下文的 工人要求更高的薪水，技术的短缺 ”都是雇主需要考虑的问题.故选A.(14)A 考查动词.A. command 要求；B. ensure 确保；C. oppose 反对；D. ignore 忽视；首先是年长 的工人往往要求更高的薪水.故选 A.(15)C 考查名词.A. range 范围；B. discipline 纪律；C. shortage 短缺；D. set 放置；第二个问题是 技能短缺. 根据下——句 “one in three 55- to 65 — year — olds in OECD countries either lack computer experience orcannot pass technology tests .在经合组织国家，55至65岁的人中，有三分之一要么缺乏计算机经验，要么 无法通过技术测试.”可知是技术的短缺.故选C.Section BDirections : Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.【答案】C CD B【考点】 议论文阅读 科教类阅读 【解析】本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了艾格尼丝 ？德米勒作为一名舞蹈演员和编舞在职业生涯中获得的成功. 【解答】(1)C.细节理解题.根据文章第二段A few years later, de Mille choreographed a ballet namedRodeo. Again, she thought her work was solid , but it resulted in little commercial fame . 几年后， 德 ？米勒设 计了一部名为 罗多”的芭蕾舞剧，她又一次认为自己的作品是扎实的，但它并没有带来多少商业上的名 气.可知德米勒的芭蕾舞剧《牛仔竞技》它没有获得多少成功；故选C.(2)C.细节理解题.根据文章第四段She thought that her work on Oklahoma! was only average compared tosome of her other creations ,她以为她在俄克拉荷马州工作！与她的其他作品相比只是一般的.可知 德米勒 对音乐剧《俄克拉荷马州》的巨大成功感到困惑；故选C.(3)D,细节理解题.根据文章第五段 Martha was Martha Graham , perhaps the most influential dance choreographer of the 20th century .(Although not as well - known by the general public , Graham has beencompared to other creative geniuses like Picasso or Frank Lloyd Wright .玛莎是玛莎？格雷厄姆，也许是 20 世纪 最有影响力的舞蹈编导.(虽然公众并不那么有名，格雷厄姆被比作其他创作天才，如毕加索或弗兰克 ？劳埃德？赖特.可知文中提到毕加索和弗兰克 ？劳埃德？赖特是为了暗示玛莎？格雷厄姆是她所在领域最有影响力的艺术家；故选D.(4)B.细节理解题.根据文章最后一段The world will not have it . It is not your business to determine howgood it is nor how valuable nor how it compares with other expressions . It is your business to keep it yours clearly anddirectly , to keep the channel open .这个世界不会拥有它.这不是你的事来决定它有多好，它有多有价值， 它如何与其他表达方式相比.保持它的清晰和直接，保持频道开放是你的事.可知雷厄姆会认为你应该时刻 保持对激励你的欲望的开放；故选 B 【答案】B BC 【考点】 应用文阅读 广告布告类阅读 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几个地区的集装箱的房子的特点以及其里面的一些设施 【解答】(1)B 细节理解题. 根据第——段Shipping containers are gaining popularity as an alternative to traditionalhouses. These 20- or 40 — foot containers can be obtained for a little as several hundred US dollars apiece , and it ' s not surprising that some industry professionals and even city planers consider them the future of home building . Below are details of some amazing homes made out of shipping containers . 装箱作为传统房屋的替代 品越来越受欢迎.这些 20英尺或40英尺的集装箱每件只要几百美元就可以买到，一些行业专业人士甚至城 市规划师认为它们是房屋建筑的未来也就不足为奇了用集装箱建造的房子. ”可知集装箱房子建造成本更低.故选B.(2)B 细节理解题. 根据倒数第二段"Eacresident enjoys a bathroom , kitchen and separate sleeping andstudying quarters . The complex even has central heating and high — speed internet as well as areas for parking bikes.每个居民都有浴室、厨房和独立的睡眠和学习区.该综合楼甚至有中央暖气和高速互联网以及停放自。

上海英语高考模拟考试试卷2020年6月I. Multiple choices. (20’)1. It is considered no good _____ without understanding.A. reciteB. to be recitedC. recitedD. reciting2. Insects first appeared on earth at least 400 million years ago. Down through the ages, they __________ endlessly to survive.A. struggledB. struggleC. have struggledD. are struggling3. Considering a sense of unity, some people take the view ___________ a newspaper is like a store with many windows, each of _________ should be dressed to the same standard.A. which, whichB. /; themC. that; whichD. that; them4. There _________ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in thedriving school.A. should n’tB. mustn’tC. shan’tD. n eedn’t5. Every means ______ tried to save the wounded soldier, but the doctor failed.A. wereB. has beenC. had beenD. is6. _______________ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.A. The president to attendB. The president attendingC. The president’s attendingD. The president will attend7. It worried her parents a lot ________ she had some trouble with her studies in France.A. whileB. whenC. thatD. what8. _____ many times, but he still couldn't understand it.A. Having been toldB. Though he had been toldC. He was toldD. Having told9. Word comes that free souvenirs (纪念品) will be given to _______ comes first.A. no matter whomB. whomeverC. no matter whoD. whoever10. The job of a secretary __________ receiving guests, answering telephones calls and so on .A. is involvedB. involvesC. is involved inD. involves in11. Is it _________we played football _________you found the key to the bike?A. that; thatB. that; whereC. where; thatD. where; in which12._______ is known ______all that the earth is round, just like a ball.A. As; toB. Which; forC. As; forD. It; to13. Soon enough the time will come __________ you are too tired to move any further. So the sooner you start exploring it, the better.A. thatB. whichC. whenD. where14. —Does your new computer work well?—It often______. It is the second time that the computer_________.A. is broken down; is repairedB. breaks down; has been repairingC. breaks down; has been repairedD.is broken down; has repaired15. After the war, a new school building was put up _____ there had once been a theatre.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when16. The newly built Development Zone is no longer ______ it used to be.A. whereB. whichC. whatD. that17. He left in a hurry,________ the door ________.A. left; openedB. leaving; unlockedC. with; openingD. with; unlocking18. The reason_________ he didn’t speak to me was_________ he was angry with me.A. why; becauseB. that; becauseC. why ;thatD. for which; because19. The Olympic Games,______ in 776B.C, didn’t include women players until 1919.A. first playingB.to be first playedC. first playedD. to be first playing20. He put great_______ on improving his English.A. emphasisB. forceC. attemptD. actionII. Grammar and Vocabulary (20’)Section ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Chinese actress Fan Bingbing has been fined for tax evasion, state media reported. It is the first public pronouncement about the star (21) __________ she mysteriously disappeared from public view in June.According to state-run news agency Xinhua, Fan has been ordered to pay almost $130 million, after she misreported how much money she (22) __________ (receive) for certain film projects, using so-called "yin-yang contracts" to conceal (23) __________ the authorities her true remuneration (薪酬) and avoid millions of dollars in taxes.Fan and companies related to her were ordered to pay around $42 million in late taxes and fees, along with a fine of $86 million.Because she was (24) __________ first-time offender, the government said criminal charges would not be filed against her if she pays all the money by an undisclosed deadline, Xinhua reported.Fan's disappearance from public view sparked widespread speculation (25) __________ she had been detained by the authorities. Xinhua said she had been under investigation by tax authorities in Jiangsu province, but (26) __________ didn't provide any details on her current whereabouts.In a letter (27) __________ (post) on social media, Fan, 37, apologized profusely and repeatedly to the public and government."As a public figure, I should have abided by laws and regulations, and been a role model in the industry and society," she said. "I shouldn't have lost self-restraint or become lax in managing my companies, (28) __________ led to the violation of laws, in the name of economic interests.""Without the favorable policies of the Communist Party and state, without the love of the people, there (29) __________ have been no Fan Bingbing," she added.Her case was clearly designed as a warning to other high profile celebrities, with the State Administration of Taxation saying it had launched a campaign (30) __________ (recover) all back taxes in the entertainment industry.Section B(20’)Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.China’s firs t private research-oriented university Westlake University, which is backed by some of the country’s biggest business tycoons, was 31 inaugurated on Saturday morning in Hangzhou, East China’s Zhejiang Province, according to media reports.Westlake University is the first research-oriented university funded by private 32 and supported by the Chinese government in the country, 33 news website reported on Saturday. The non-profit institution was launched by a slew of 34 academia (学术机构) in the country and funded by high-profile business 35 , including Tencent Holdings Ltd Chairman Pony Ma and Wanda Group Chairman Wang Jianlin, according to information on the school’s website.Headed by Shi Yigong, a biologist and former vice president of the prestigious Tsinghua University in Beijing, Westlake will be 36 to the study of natural science and engineering, with world-class environment and state-of-the-art research facility. Construction for the university started in April and is expected to be completed by 2021. Total investment for the project is 37 to be 3.68 billion yuan($585 million), according to media reports.The opening of Westlake University also comes as Chinese business leaders are throwing their support behind the countr y’s education 38 . Several other Chinese business leaders, including Alibaba Group founder Jack Ma Yun and Lenovo Group founder Liu Chuanzhi, have also 39 started a non-profit institution - Hupan University in Zhejiang. The university was inaugurated in March 2015. Jack Ma, who announced his retirement from Alibaba in September to focus on 40 work, including education, was the university’s first president.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A (15’)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.(A)This summer we said goodbye to unnecessary plastic waste. Starbucks committed to ___41___ plastic straws in all locations by 2020, IKEA banned all single-use plastics from its stores, and entire cities banned the use of plastic bags and straws. And now we have one more thing to add to our consciousness-raising list: People are starting to understand the ___42___ of contact lenses.According to a new research out of the American Chemical Society, 20 percent of people who wear contact lenses throw them away in the toilet or sink. But as medical ___43___, contact lenses are specifically designed to be resistant to such environm ents, and ___44___ they don’t biodegrade easily. Throwing contact lenses into toilet is particularly concerning because their size and ___45___ allow them to slip through filters（过滤器）meant to keep non-biological waste out of wastewater treatment plants.The study found that the chemical and mechanical processing at these treatment facilities were unable to ___46___ break down contact lenses, leaving them as part of the treated water. Post-treatment wastewater is typically spread on fields, where contact lenses can make their way into surface water and cause environmental damage.It may seem like a small thing, but with over 45 million contact ___47___ in the United States, all that plastic adds up. We are talking about 22 tons of contact lenses being improperly thrown away every year here, unnecessarily adding to the hundreds of thousands of tons of microplastics ___48___ in our oceans.So what is the right way to throw away contact lenses?It turns out that properly dealing with contact lenses is pretty ___49___. One option is to throw them in the garbage. While this will keep them out of our water ___50___, it sends them to landfill—which is not really any better. Unfortunately, you can’t just throw your contacts in the recycling bin and call it a day, either. Due to their size and packaging materials, recycling facilities typically cannot ___51___ contact lensprocessing, so they go to landfills. In order to actually be recycled, contact lenses need to be ___52___ at a specialty recycling facility.This does n’t mean that all eco-conscious contact-wearers must stick to glasses, though. Fortunately, in an effort to ___53___ the waste produced by contact lenses and facilitate the recycling process, some eye care companies have started their own recycling ___54___. Through these programs, individuals can ship their used contacts to TerraCycle（a company that ___55___ in recycling the hard-to-recycle）for free.41. A. eliminating B. deleting C. producing D. saving42. A. role B. function C. impact D. efficiency43. A. terms B. devices C. tools D. equipment44. A. moreover B. nevertheless C. however D. therefore45. A. flexibility B. possibility C. capability D. similarity46. A. restrictedly B. respectively C. comparatively D. fully47. A. designers B. manufacturers C. wearers D. destroyers48. A. floating B. following C. flashing D. flooding49. A. sensitive B. extensive C. concrete D. tricky50. A. systems B. resources C. sources D. energies51. A. control B. handle C. repair D. touch52. A. reversed B. processed C. fixed D. programmed53. A. analyze B. realize C. minimize D. maximize54. A. initiatives B. performances C. events D. conferences55. A. consists B. results C. participates D. specializesSection B (14’)Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AI’ve become increasingly concerned about the linguistic sloppiness of the average worker, and not those who have learned English as a second language but native English speakers, regardless of income level, schooling or other determining factors.The number of people who read seems to be decreasing. The digital world has become the preferred baby sitter for children and the most effective way for adults to comfort themselves after a day’s work. Teachers, overworked and underpaid, seem to be fighting a losing battle – or are some prolonging it?These days I see glaring grammatical errors on résumés and cover letters, websites, signs, emailsregardless of management skills or income level. Job h unters write asking me for “advise”. People who are in the job market, hoping to be invited in for an interview, write some of these, and the paperwork is full of punctuation and grammatical mistakes. Were they careless? Or do they not know? Maybe it doesn’t matter. Maybe the hiring authority doesn’t know the difference either.The other day I saw the back of a company shirt that said: “providing quality service since 10 years.”A company shirt? How many were printed and are worn by employees who walk around advertising that their company has someone in an upper-level management position who didn’t catch the error or, worse yet, didn’t know the difference?Last week a senior level manager emailed me. He confused “its” and “it’s” in three different places. Here’s another example: I do product testing for a research panel. The product came with a slip of paper that said: “This commitment covers not discussing this product or it’s usage with others outside your home.”Here’s what really bugs me: a rule that s eems to have come into effect – if in doubt, add an apostrophe. So what has happened is that people all over America have lost the understanding of the difference between plural and possessive.Your résumés and your cover letter are not just a summary of your background. They are not just an introduction of you when you hope to be considered for an interview. First and foremost, it is a brochure, and it is selling a product, and the product is you. If you wouldn’t go to an interview in blue jeans, don’t send your cover letter and résumés with mistakes to a prospective employer.Don’t rely on Microsoft Word’s ABC/grammar checker. It isn’t able to detect if a word is spelled correctly but used out of context. The grammar checker won’t help you unless you hav e a fundamental understanding of grammar to begin with. In fact, if you defer to the grammar checker’s advice, you’ll probably increase your number of mistakes.An excellent reference book to keep on hand is The Elements of Grammar by Margaret Shertzer. In “Words Often Confused”, it clarifies the differences between pairs of words such as “well/good” and “less/fewer”.Don’t tell yourself it doesn’t matter. Above all, don’t tell yourself that everyone speaks poorly these days, and the hiring authority won’t know or care. The ability to communicate, written and spoken, is of utmost importance – certainly in business. And it only becomes more valuable as fewer people are able to demonstrate it.56. The examples cited in paragraphs 4 and 5 are intended to illustrate ______.A. the employees are proud of their companyB. to err is humanC. holding senior positions doesn’t guarantee correct usage of languageD. managers are so busy as to be careless with their language57. According to the author, when Ameri can people are not sure whether to use “it’s” or “its”, they arelikely to ______.A. use the formerB. use the latterC. ask the author for adviceD. turn to Microsoft Word58. The underlined word “defer” can be best replaced by ______.A. consultB. followC. objectD. yield59. Which of the following statements will the author probably agree with?A. Going to a job interview in smart jeans is better than sending résumés with mistakes to aprospective employer.B. Microsoft Word’s sp elling checker cannot always spot a mistake because it has a limitedvocabulary.C. Some teachers are themselves using language incorrectly.D. The hiring authorities care about linguistic correctness and act as role models.BKettlebells do not hurt people. People do. A kettlebell will get your respect – the easy way or the hard way. Here is the easy way.1. Get a medical clearance.Get clearance, especially from an orthopedist and a cardiologist. The latter is no joking matter, since kettlebell training can be extremely intense.2. Always be aware of your surroundings.Find a training area with a non-slippery surface on which you are not afraid to drop a kettlebell.The area must be clear of objects you might trip over – including other kettlebells – or that you might hit with a kettlebell. There should be no people or animals in a radius where you could injure them.3. Train barefoot or wear shoes with a flat, thin sole and room for the toes to spread.Training barefoot is superior for health and performance reasons. If you must wear shoes, wear Converse Chuck Taylors, Vibram Five Fingers, or similar shoes that have thin soles and do not pinch the toes together. You have sensory receptors on the bottoms of your feet that make you stronger and improve balance and coordination. Wearing traditional shoes diminishes the ability of these receptors to work properly, and therefore inhibits performance and can increase the risk of injury. Go native.4. Never contest for space with a kettlebell.Do not try to save a rep that has gone wrong. Guide the kettlebell to fall harmlessly, and move out of the way if necessary. And remember, quick feet are happy feet.5. Practice all safety measures at all times.Respect every kettlebell, even the lightest one. Always use perfect form picking up and setting down a kettlebell. The set is not over until the bell is safely parked.6. Keep moving once your heart rate is high.After a hard set, keep moving by walking, shadow boxing, or moving your arms to help your heart pump the blood. Stop only when your heart rate is halfway down to normal. Consider getting a heart rate monitor.7. Don’t put your spine into flexion during or after training.Forward-bending stretches and slouching after training, harmless as these seem, could injure your back.Unless counter-indicated, back-bending stretches are recommended following training.8. Focus on quality, not quantity.Gray Cook, physical therapist extraordinaire, points out that motor control goes south with fatigue and “the body will always sacrifice quality for quantity.” When you are no longer able to continue with perfect technique, the gig is up.Instruction cannot cover all possible scenarios and there is no substitute for good judgement. Be a responsible adult, not a victim.60. What is probably a kettlebell?A. A domestic appliance.B. An exercise tool.C. A medical device.D. An offensive weapon.61. Which of the following is recommended in the passage?A. Getting the assent of doctors before using a kettlebell.B. Using a kettlebell when no one is in sight.C. Persisting until exhaustion when using a kettlebell.D. Bending your back forward after using a kettlebell.62. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. The passage advises caution.B. A kettlebell comes with a heart rate monitor.C. It is undesirable to stop immediately after you use a kettlebell.D. Going barefoot is better than wearing boots when you use a kettlebell.Section C (8’)Directions: Read the following article and choose the most suitable statement from A – F for each blank. There are two extra statements which you do not need.UrbanizationUntil relatively recently, the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city. The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago. But even 200 years ago, only a few people could live in cities. In fact, nearly everyone lived on farms or in tiny rural (乡村的) villages. It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in history--- a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living.Britain was only the beginning. 63___ .The process of urbanization--- the migration (迁移) of people from the countryside to the city--- was the result of modernization, which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live.In 1990, fewer than 40% of Americans lived in urban areas. Today, over 82% of Americans live in cities. Only about 2% live on farms. 64 .Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized. Even in advanced agricultural societies. It took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities. _65 . Until modern times, those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite(精英) and the servants, laborers and professionals who served them. Cities survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city.Over the past two centuries, the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country. 66_____ . Today, instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city people, oneSection D (Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs) (3’)67. Time, ________________(use) correctly, is money in the bank.68. ________________(offer) an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous.69. Seen from the moon, our earth with water ______________(cover) seventy percent of its surface, appears as a blue ball.。

【附20套高考模拟试题】上海市2020届高三高考英语系列模拟卷（10）含答案上海市2020届高三高考英语系列模拟卷（10）第一部分（共20小题每，小题1.5分，满分30分）1．_______child will find his own personal road to success.A．Each B．The otherC．Either D．Another2．— What shall we do tonight then?—, whatever you want.A．Help yourself B．It’s a dealC．No problem D．It’s up to you3．The old couple, ________ country life, were unwilling to move to the city to live with his son. A．accustomed to B．buried inC．addicted to D．exposed to4．He has no idea what the book is about．He have read it very carefully．A．needn’t B．shouldn’t C．can’t D．mustn’t5．The company and the effect brought about did great good to our business in the market.A．it B．whichC．that D．what6．I have to reschedule the appointment with you since there is a ______ in my arrangement. A．contract B．contrast C．connection D．conflict7．I am so thrilled to have my underwater photos ______ in the National Geographic and on the cover! A．to be featured B．featured C．being featured D．to feature8．John ______ an NBA playoff game on TV now.A．watches B．watched C．will watch D．is watching9．—I have something important to tell John. But I can’t find him.—His cell phone is here, so he ________ have gone too far.A．mustn’t B．needn’tC．wouldn’t D．can’t10．He had a great dearie to have a home of his own, ______ he had always lived with his grandmother. A．or B．and C．so D．for11．I like such houses with beautiful gardens in front, but I don’t have enough money to buy. A．it B．one C．that D．this 12．Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, on you feet.A．to keep B．keeping C．having kept D．to have kept13．At that time, the movie “Shaolin Temple”, _________Li Lianjie plays the starring role, drew the world’s attention to Chinese Kungfu.A．where B．when C．that D．which14．Keep up your spirits even if you _____ fail hundreds of times.A．must B．needC．may D．should15．It was so noisy that we hear ourselves speak.A．couldn’t B．shouldn’tC．mustn’t D．needn’t16．The case shocked the public, a hot debate over human nature on the Intemet. A．causes B．caused C．causing D．to cause17．—Sir, I’m late because my car broke down on the way.—________. I’ve had enough of your excuses.A．Cut it out B．Suit yourself C．You can’t be serious D．It makes sense18．Recently some hospitals in China have adopted ______ they call a robot-doctor, ______ will be used to operate on patients with more accuracy.A．what; that B．that; whichC．what; which D．which; what19．．Although it in the desert most of the year, people still live there．A．doesn’t rain B．didn’t rain C．hasn’t rained D．hadn’t rained20．The house caught fire last week, with little of the original building _________.A．remain B．remained C．remains D．remaining第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

2020年上海市高考英语第二次模拟试题与答案本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。

注意事项:1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等信息填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束，考生将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分) （略）第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

AAccording to the International Ecotourism Society, eco-travel is “responsible travel to natural areas that protects the environment, maintains the well-beings and involves education”. Eco-travel is on the rise, as more and more people become conscious about their carbon footprint.Expert from Boundless Journeys, Matt Holmes, who works-on travel experiences towards conserving areas said, “As scientists and non-scientists learn more about how we human beings are impacting the planet, I think. more people want to do what they can while still exploring the world. Our guests are definitely interested in that aspect of our journeys. Travelers can farm their own food in Italy, managing their use of water and using solar or wind power. They can also visit n family-run camp that cares for retired logging elephants in Myanmar, know a park entry fee goes to a conservation organization in Costa Rica, employ and train members of the local community or partner with a protection group. There are lots of options for seeking out greener holiday.”Most people believe that eco-travel is expensive and it is true. Matt explained “Anti-poaching patrols (巡逻) need to be paid, solar energy equipment costs a lot to install, building with environmentally friendly, materials is more expensive and so on. The extra cost is necessary, as you re paying to minimize your footprint and protect the places you visit, which is exactly what eco-travel is about. The financial success and sustainability (可持续性) of an eco- focused operation doesn’t come from thin air.” The industry istrying to make eco-travel affordable and make it accessible to the common people.1. What is the positive influence of eco-friendly travel?A. It enables travelers to protect the environment while travelingB. It keeps human beings healthy and happy in a friendly atmosphere.C. It teaches us to be responsible for the development of economy.D. It offers some valuable education about the knowledge of gardening.2. According to Matt Holmes, travelers will be interested in ________.A. eating delicious food in ItalyB. visiting elephants in the zooC. working together with a protection groupD. raising park entry fee in Costa Rica3. What will probably be talked about in the next paragraph of the passage?A. Why eco-travel is expensive.B. How we can make eco-travel less expensive.C. What material are used in eco-travel.D. Where we can go for eco-travel.BScience is finaly beginning to embrace animals who were, for a long time, considered second-class citizens.As Annie Potts of Canterbury University has noted, chickens distinguish among one hundred chicken faces and recognize familiar individuals even after months of separation. When given problems to solve, they reason: hens trained to pick colored buttons sometimes choose to give up an immediate food reward for a slightly later (and better) one. Healthy hens may aid friends, and mourn when those friend die.Pigs respond meaningful to human symbols. When a research team led by Candace Croney at Penn State University carried wooden blocks marked with X and O symbols around pigs, only the O carriers offered food to the animals. The pigs soon ignored the X carriers in favor of the O's. Then the team switched from real-life objects to T-shirts printed with X or O symbols. Still, the pigs walked only toward the O-shirted people: they had transferred their knowledge to a two-dimensional format, a not inconsiderable feat of reasoning.I’ve been guilty of prejudiced expectations, myself. At the start of my career almost four decades ago, I was firmly convinced that monkeys and apes out-think and out-feel other animals. They're other primates(灵长目动物), after all, animals from our own mammalian(哺乳动物的) class. Fairly soon, I cameto see that along with our closest living relatives, whales too are masters of cultural learning, and elephants express profound joy and mourning with their social companions. Long-term studies in the wild on these mammals helped to fuel a viewpoint shift in our society: the public no longer so easily accepts monkeys made to undergo painful procedure kin laboratories, elephants forced to perform in circuses, and dolphins kept in small tanks at theme parks.Over time, though, as I began to broaden out even further and explore the inner lives of fish, chickens, pigs, goats, and cows, I started to wonder: Will the new science of "food animals" bring an ethical (伦理的) revolution in terms of who we eat? In other words, will our ethics start to catch up with the development of our science?Animal activists are already there, of course, committed to not eating these animals. But what about the rest of us? Can paying attention to the thinking and feeling of these animals lead us to make changes in who we eat?4. According to Annie Potts, hens have the ability of_____________.A. interactionB. analysisC. creationD. abstraction5. The research into pigs shows that pigs___________.A. learn letters quicklyB. have a good eyesightC. can build up a good relationshipD. can apply knowledge to new situations6. Paragraph 4 is mainly about________.A. the similarities between mammals and humansB. the necessity of long-term studies on mammalsC. a change in people's attitudes towards animalsD. a discovery of how animals express themselves7. What might be the best title for the passage?A. The Inner Lives of Food AnimalsB. The Lifestyles of Food AnimalsC. Science Reports on Food AnimalsD. A Revolution in Food AnimalsCWhy does time seem to fly by faster as we get old? You've got your aging brain to blame. This is likely due largely to the physical changes of our nerves and neurons(神经元). New research suggests ‘rapid fire’ abilities of the young brain allow us to process more information during youth, causing the days to seemlonger earlier in life. However, as we get old, researchers say the older brain takes more time to process information.The new finding put forward by a Duke University researcher was published in a paper in the journal European Review this week According to Adrian Bejan, the J. A Jones Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Duke, the physical changes of our nerves and neurons play, a major role in our perception(知觉) of time as we get old. Over the years these structures become more complex and eventually begin to degrade."Little babies, for example, move their eyes much more often than adults because they’re processing images at a faster rate, "Beian says, For older people, this means fewer images are being processed in the same amount of time, causing experiences to seem as though they’re happening more quickly.8. What causes time to fly faster as we get old?A. Changes of our nerves and neurons.B. Information in our brain .C. The electrical signals.D. Rapid fire abilities.9. What is unavoidable in the process of getting old?A. Longer days.B. Aging brains.C. More images.D. Less experience.10. Why do the days seem longer earlier in life?A. Young people are more energetic in their life.B. The younger brain takes less time to process informationC. Old people have fewer things to do than young people.D. Little babies move their eyes much more often.11. What is the best title of the text?A. Nerves and NeuronsB. Time Flies FastC. The Older, the FasterD. The Function of the BrainDHONG KONG-Cross-border buses operated by Hong Kong companies on Friday started trial runs on the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HZMB) in preparation for the bridge’s upcoming opening.“The trial runs, arranged by the governments of the Chinese mainland, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) and the Macao SAR, would last for three days and aimed at testing the readiness of boundary crossing facilities (设施) of the thr ee places,” the Hong Kong SAR government’sTransport and Housing Bureau told Xinhua.Two major cross-boundary coach trade associations in Hong Kong were invited to send buses and members to participate in the trial runs.Freeman Cheung, secretary of Hong Kong Guangdong Boundary Crossing Bus Association, said his association would run one bus with about 10 passengers on Friday and Saturday respectively as part of the trial runs.“Our bus started at noon from the Hong Kong Boundary Crossing Facilities and ran all the way to Zhuhai in about 40 minutes,” he said, adding that “the journey was smooth.”Alan Chan, secretary of another trade association who participated in the trial runs as a passenger, said the clearance procedures at boundary crossing facilities of the three places all went on well and smoothly.“The boundary crossing facilities of Zhuhai and Macao, in particular, are operated in a collaborative (合作的) way, which helps remarkably shorten the time needed for the clearance procedures,” he said.The HZMB, situated at the waters of Lingdingyang of Pearl River Estuary, is a mega-size sea crossing linking the Hong Kong SAR, Zhuhai city of Guangdong Province and the Macao SAR.The 55-km bridge is the longest bridge-and-tunnel (隧道) sea crossing in the world.The bridge is meant to meet the demand of passenger and freight land transport among Hong Kong, the Chinese mainland and Macao, and to establish a new land transport link between the east and west banks of the Pearl River.12. We learn from the passage that ________.A. Alan Chan participated in the trial runs as a driverB. two coach trade associations in Zhuhai took part in the trial runsC. the HZMB is located at the waters of Lingdingyang of Pearl River EstuaryD. the 55-km bridge is the second longest bridge-and-tunnel sea crossing in the world13. What is the main idea of the second paragraph?A. The route of the trial runs.B. The effect of the trial runs.C. The purpose of the trial runs.D. The evaluation of the trial runs.14. What does the underlined word “freight” in the last paragraph mean?A. Goods that are transported by trucks, trains, ships, or planes.B. Lines of raised water that moves across the surface of the sea.C. Parts of the sea where fish are caught in large numbers.D. The regular rising and falling of the level of the sea.15. Which of the following can be the best title for the news report?A. HZMB Is to Establish New Land Transport LinkB. Cross-border Buses Start Trial Runs on Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao BridgeC. Mega-size Sea Crossing Linking Hong Kong SAR, Zhuhai and Macao SARD. Boundary Crossing Facilities of Zhuhai and Macao Operated Collaboratively第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020届上海各区高三二模英语试卷中译英汇编2020年上海市各区高三年级第二学期高考模拟试卷（二模）英语试卷选编（中译英部分）目录宝山区 (1)崇明区 (2)奉贤区 (2)虹口区 (2)金山区 (3)闵行区 (3)浦东新区 (3)徐汇区 (4)嘉定区 (4)声明：本材料仅供教师备课、考生复习之用，相关版权归著作权人所有。

各区排名不分先后。

提示：本文档已编排电子目录，在目录相应条目上按住Ctrl键并单击鼠标可直接追踪链接；亦可使用“导航窗格”。

宝山区1.我们不惧风雨，也不畏任何险阻。

(or)2.戴口罩是阻止病毒传播的有效方式。

(keep)3.时不我待，时间和历史都属于奋进者。

(as)4.生命重于泰山，疫情就是命令，防控就是责任。

(issue)1.We are not afraid of winds and rains, or any kind of difficulties.2.Putting on a face mask is an effective way to keep virus from spreading.3.Time and tide wait for no one as time and history are both on the side of hard workers.4.Life is of great importance. When a terrible disease / an epidemic breaks out, a command is issued. It is ourresponsibility to prevent and control it/ the disease.崇明区1.孩子的每一点进步对父母来说都很重要。

(mean)2.在某种程度上，这种新措施有可能缓解这个城市的交通堵塞。

(possibility)3.从来没有人不努力就能成功，所以你必须制定一个切实可行的计划，并付诸于行动。

2020届上海中学高三英语模拟试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIt's just before l pm and hungry guests are starting to emerge out onto the wooden floor at the back of the Victoria Falls Safari Lodge in Zimbabwe. A few have already settled in for lunch, drinking beer and enjoying their sandwiches and salads in the sunshine. It's a normal setting until you look up. Overhead, the sky is filled with several hundred vultures (秃鹭).They too have arrived for their midday snack. Every day the team at this hotel places last night's leftover meat out for the vultures to eat. They call it the "Vulture Restaurant" and it's a vital part of protecting these birds, who have become some of the most endangered species in Africa.In Zimbabwe, where illegal hunting of elephants and rhinos is a major issue, poisoning poses a significant threat to the birds. "In recent years hunters have realized they can use poison to kill animals. It's effective because it's silent and therefore doesn't attract much attention.when the vultures eat the bodies of the dead animals they die too," says Roger Parry, Wildlife Manager at the Victoria Falls Wildlife Trust.The Vulture Restaurant initiative is part feeding programme, part education programme. By attracting the birds to the Vulture Restaurant every day the team can ensure they're regularly getting a safe meal, and while the birds are there they can educate tourists from all over the world about these creatures.“Lunch” is served by Moses Garira. He has the unenviable task of wandering out into the middle of the clearing with a box full of meat, dropping the contents onto the ground and running for his life as the vultures fly downward suddenly for their food. No one, surely, would volunteer for this role, but Garira rather enjoys it. Back in the safety of the viewing seats, he tells the onlookers about the importance of vultures. "They're hugely important in terms of their role of cleaning up the bodies of dead animals," says Garira. "Notably, they're safely able to digest bacteria like anthrax. Without vultures, there'd be a lot more disease in the world."1. What's the biggest threat vultures facing in Zimbabwe?A. Overhunting.B. Unsafe food.C. Loss of habitat.D. A bird disease.2. What would others think of Garira's job?A. Scary.B. Relaxing.C. Well-paid.D. Time-consuming3. What do Garira's words mean?A. Birds are human's best friends.B. People know little about vultures.C. Vultures are environmentally favorable.D. Vultures are in urgentneed of protection.BHave you ever thrown a camel? Camels are large and heavy animals so it would be hard to throw. But in the French-speaking Democratic Republic ofthe Congo, “to throw a camel” is a way of saying “to make a spelling mistake”.In the past, a phrase like that was not accepted by the French government as an official French term. But recently, the French Ministry of Culture worked on a new kind of dictionary that accepts the idea that many people outside of France speak the language. The language has changed over time and is different in places like Ivory Coast in West Africa or Quebec in Cana-da, compared to how it is in ParisA new online dictionary, called the French speakers’ dictionary, includes new French words from around the world. It was released on March 18—just in time for International French Speaker’s Day on March 20.Supporters say the new Internet dictionary is more democratic than earlier French dictionaries that only showed the way highly educated French people spoke. The new dictionary includes unofficial words like “pourriel”, which means an unwanted email if you are in Canada. It is a word based on “courriel”, which just means an email.French President Emmanuel Macron proposed the idea of the dictionary in 2018. It now contains about 600.000 terms, Roselyne Bachelot is the French Culture Minister. She said the dictionary is not just for France's 67 million citizens, but for the 300 million French speakers worldwide.The aim, supporters say, is to recognize the way language changes. Words and expressions included in the dictionary come from over 50 countries—even from the United States Some people in the southern U. S. state of Louisiana speak French.People can see the dictionary on a website or with an app. Users can also send in new words they thinkshould be included. Official dictionaries produced by the French Academy in Paris were first published hundreds of years ago and are regularly updated.4. What do we mean if we say a man “throws a camel” in French?A. He talks big.B. He is very strong.C. He makes a joke.D. He misspells a word.5. What is the purpose of the publication date of the new online dictionary?A. To celebrate an event.B. To honor foreign users.C. To draw more attention.D. To meet an urgent need.6. Where does the word “pourriel” come from?A. French.B. An email.C. A holiday.D. Canada.7. What can people do with the new dictionary?A. Update it regularly.B. Recommend new words to it.C. Change the meaning of its words.D. Regard it as an official dictionary.CEvery day, millions of shoppers hit the stores in full force, searching wildly for the perfect gift.Aside from purchasing holiday gifts, most people regularly buy presents for other occasions throughout the year, including weddings, birthdays, anniversaries, and graduations. This frequent experience of gift-giving cancause uncertain feelings in gift-givers. Many enjoy the opportunity to buy presents because gift-giving offers a powerful means to build stronger bonds, while many worry that their purchases will disappoint rather than delight the intended recipients (接受者).Anthropologists describe gift-giving as a positive social process, serving various political, religious, and psychological functions. Economists, however, offer a less favorable view. According to Waldfogel, gift-giving represents an objective wasteof resources. People buy gifts that recipients would not choose to buy on their own, or at least not spend as much money to purchase (a phenomenon referred to as‘‘the deadweight loss of Christmas”).What is surprising is that gift-givers have much experience acting as both gift-givers and gift-recipients, but nevertheless tend to overspend each time they set out to purchase a meaningful gift. In the present research, we propose a unique psychological explanation for this overspending problem — gift-givers link how much they spend with how much recipients will appreciate the gift. Though it seems natural to gift-givers, such an assumption may be unfounded. Indeed, we propose that gift-recipients will be less likely to base their feelings of appreciation onthe value of a gift than givers assume.Why do gift-givers assume that gift price is closely linked to gift-recipients’ feelings of appreciation? Perhaps givers believe that more expensive gifts communicate a stronger sense ofthoughtfulness and consideration. According to Camerer and others, gift-giving represents a symbolic ritual (习俗), by which gift-givers attempt to signal their positive attitudes towards the recipient and their willingness to invest resources in a futurerelationship. In this sense, gift-givers may be motivated to spend more money on a gift in order to send a “stronger signal”. As for gift-recipients, they may not interpret smaller and larger gifts as representing smaller and larger signals of thoughtfulness and consideration.The idea of gift-givers and gift-recipients being unable to account for the other party’s viewpoint seems confusing because people slip in and out of these roles every day. Yet, despite the experience as both givers and receivers, people often struggle to apply information gained from one role in another. In theoretical terms, people fail to use information about their own preferences and experiences to produce more efficient outcomes in their exchange relations. In practical terms, people spend hundreds of dollars each year on gifts, but somehow never learn to estimate their gift expense according to personal insight.8. The author uses “the deadweight loss of Christmas” in Paragraph 2 to express ________.A. gift-givers don’t spend much money during holidaysB. gift-givers don’t ask recipients what gifts they preferC. gift-givers buy improper and expensive giftsD. gift-givers have difficulty in choosing gifts9. According to the passage, people buy gifts to ________.A. receive gifts in returnB. enjoy the feeling of shoppingC. help recipients to save moneyD. better relationships with recipients10. What can we learn from the passage?A. People’s high living standards require expensive gifts.B. Gift-givers buy gifts based on their experiences as recipients.C. Anthropologists think gift-giving meets different human needs.D. Recipients judge the depth of friendship according to the gift price.11. Why did the author write this article?A. To criticize people’s gift-buying habits.B. To analyze people’s gift-giving behaviors.C. To offer advice on how to improve relationships.D. To remind people not to overlook others’ preferences.DWhat will people die of 100 years from now? If you think that is a simple question，you have not been paying attention to the revolution that is taking place in bio-­technology（生物技术）. With the help of new medicine，the human body will last a very long time. Death will come mainly from accidents，murder and war. Today’s leading killers，such as heart disease，cancer，and aging itself，will become distant memories.In discussion of technological changes，the Internet gets most of the attention these days. But the change in medicine can be the real technological event of our times. How long can humans live? Human brains were known to decide the final death. Cells（细胞）are the basic units of all living things，and until recently，scientists were sure that the life of cells could not go much beyond 120 years because the basic materials of cells，such as those of brain cells，would not last forever. But the upper limits will be broken by new medicine. Sometime between 2050 and 2100，medicine will have advanced to the point at which every 10 years or so，people will beable to take medicine to repair their organs（器官）. The medicine，made up of the basic building materials of life，will build new brain cells，heart cells，and so on－in much the same way our bodies make new skin cells to take the place of old ones.It is exciting to imagine that the advance in technology may be changing the most basic condition of human existence，but many technical problems still must be cleared up on the way to this wonderful future.12. According to the passage，human death is now mainly caused by ________.A. diseases and agingB. accidents and warC. accidents and agingD. heart disease and war13. In the author’s opinion，today’s most important advance in technology lies in（在于）________.A. the InternetB. medicineC. brain cellsD. human organs14. Humans may live longer in the future because ________.A. heart disease will be far away from usB. human brains can decide the final deathC. the basic materials of cells will last foreverD. human organs can be repaired by new medicine15. How long can humans live in the future according to the passage?A. Over 100 years.B. More than 120 years.C. About 150 years.D. The passage doesn’t tell us.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。