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2021届高考英语高频语法串讲定语从句1一.概念在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句,称为定语从句,也叫形容词性从句二.相关知识点精讲1.关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。
例如：Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他确实是你想见的人吗？（who/that 在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他确实是我昨天见的那个人。
（whom/that 在从句中作宾语）2） whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还能够同of which互换）。
例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大伙儿都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose （of which） cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村显现了前所未有的繁荣。
（which / that在句中作宾语）The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。
（which / that在句中作宾语）2.关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时刻、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
2021届高考英语语法填空之定语从句一：知识储备1．确定是定语从句设空处无提示词，而设空前的主句完整；设空后的句子不完整，且对设空前的某一名词或代词起限定作用，考虑填定语从句关系词。
2．掌握3步法解题技巧第1步：分清限制与非限制在先行词的后面出现逗号的，是非限制性定语从句。
①that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
②which引导非限制性定语从句可代表主句的全部或部分内容，which意为“这一点”。
③as引导非限制性定语从句，可放句中或句首，意为“正如”。
其后的谓语动词多是be seen，be known，be reported，be mentioned，be said，is often the case等。
第2步：寻找先行词，辨别人与物①先行词指人：用that/who/whom/whose；②先行词指物：用that/which/whose等。
第3步：判断所缺成分，确定关系词①缺少主语：that/which/who；②缺少动词的宾语：that/which/who/whom；③缺少介词的宾语：whom/which；④缺少定语：whose；⑤缺少时间、地点或原因状语时：分别用when，where，why。
3．必记定语从句中的2个高频考点①当先行词为表示抽象地点的名词，如point，situation，case，stage等，若在从句中作状语，用关系副词where引导定语从句；若作主语或宾语，则用关系代词that/which。
②先行词为表示时间、地点或原因的名词，在从句中作状语时，用when/where/why引导从句；在从句中作主语或宾语时，用that或which引导从句。
二：真题精析1．The students benefiting most from college are those _who/that__ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life，taking full advantage of the college's chances and resources(资源)．解析：考查定语从句。
2021届河北衡水高中英语新高考语法复习基础讲义（13）
定语从句基础知识点总结整理
定语从句基础知识梳理
知识点
一，定语从句概念
通常把用来修饰、限定名词/代词的句子叫做定语从句。
e.g. Mr. Chen (who teaches you grammar) is a nice man. 教你(们)语法的陈老师是个不错的人。
注意: 不要把上面一整句话称为定语从句，切记！
二，定语从句本质
一般来说，定语从句在功能上相当于形容词，所以也可称其为形容词性从句。
又因为定语从句和主句有(重合)关系，所以也可称其为关系从句。
像上面的例句可拆分成两个句子：
Mr. Chen is a nice man. Mr. Chen/he teaches you grammar.
因为都有陈老师这个名词，所以这两句话有(重合)关系。
三，定语从句关系词
1, 关系词概念
用来引导定语从句的从属连词叫做关系词。
之所以称其为关系词是因为它和先行词有(替代)关系。
顺带解释下先行词，顾名思义，在前面先走的词，而定语从句通常紧随其后。
2, 关系词分类
关系词可分为两类，常见的关系词有9个。
关系代词:
who, whom, whose, that, which, as
关系副词:
when, where, why
通常关系代词在从句作主语、宾语；关系副词在从句作状语。
3, 关系词功能。
专题11 定语从句一、 定语从句概览二、 语法详解在复合句中作定语，修饰名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫做定语从句。
定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词。
被修饰的部分叫先行词，连接先行词与从句的词叫做关系词。
（1） 限制性定语从句与非限制限制性定语从句的区别定语从句分类限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句关系词关系代词who ，whom,which,that, whose关系副词when, where, why介词+关系代词介词+which/whom1.He has two sons, who work in the same company.(He has only two sons.)2.He has tow sons who work in the same company.(Perhaps he has more than two sons.)3.He failed in the match, which was a great pity.(非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整个句子) （=He failed in the match, and it was a great pity.）(2)定语从句关系词的用法●The old man with whom I often go to the park is my grandfather.2. “whose+名词”可与“限定词+名词+of which/whom”或“of which/whom +限定词+名词”换用。
●The house whose windows(=the windows of which或of which the windows) face the streetis my uncle’s.This is the scientist whose achievements are well known.=This is the scientist, the achievement of whom are well known.=This is the scientist, of whom the achievements are well known. 例句：1.The boy who/that was in the office yesterday is my brother.2.I have many friends to whom I am going to send postcards.3.The work that/which has just been finished is very important.4.That’s the girl (whom/who/that) I teach.5.This is the student whose handwriting is the best in our school.6.I still remember the day when I first came to this school.7.The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.8.I’d like to know the reason why you are so late.(3)关系代词与关系副词选用依据1. 在限制性定语从句中，用关系词that不用which的情况：1.I refuse to accept the blame for somehting ____ was someone else’s fault.2.Whenever I met her, _____ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.3.All the presents ______ your friends gace you on your birthday should be put away.4.This is the very book ____ I have been looking for.5.He was late for the opening ceremony, ____was very surprising to me.(5)as 与which的用法区别as(1)引导限制性定语从句，作关系代词，既可指人又可指物，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。
2021届高三英语二轮(新高考)复习专项导练：定语从句定语从句是高中英语三大类从句中最难的一类，其难点主要在于很多学生在学习时分不清先行词，不能正确使用关系代词、关系副词。
因此在学习定语从句时，务必搞清定语从句的概念、关系词的正确选择和使用情况等。
2021年新高考定语从句的考查还将是对关系代词和关系副词的考查，并且仍将不会仅单纯考查其语法结构，而是将其融入一定的语境中来考查考生的实际综合运用能力。
对于定语从句考纲要求掌握以下内容：1.引导限制性定语从句的关系词；2.引导非限制性定语从句的关系词；3.限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别；4.介词+关系代词的用法；5.不定代词/数词+of which/whom引导的非限制性定语从句及其该结构与并列句的判断；6.关系词之间的异同现象及选用。
一、关系代词一览表关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语Do you know the man who is talkingwith your mother?whom，which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that whom人宾语Mr. Smith is the person with whom I amworking.The boy(whom) she loved died in thewar.whose人/物定语I like those books whose topics are abouthistory.The boy whose father works abroad ismy desk mate.命题趋势考点清单二、that与which，who，whom的用法区别1. that和which的用法区别在定语从句中，关系代词which和that都可指物，一般情况下，可以互换使用。
但在下列情况下值得注意：（1）只能用that而不能用which的情形：①当先行词为：all，little，few，much，none及some-，any-，no-，every-与thing所组成的复合单词时，只能用that。
2021年新高考英语二轮复习讲义+典例训练高频解密10定语从句考点详解【考点解读】定语从句的用法较为复杂，高考除了单独考查定语从句知识外，还常常结合句式结构、时态等来综合考查。
纵观近几年各地高考试题，不难发现其考点主要包括：1. 考查关系代词和关系副词的区分。
如: that, which和where, when的区分; that, which和why 的区分等。
2. 考查whose的使用。
whose可以指代人或物, 在定语从句中作定语, 后跟名词。
指物时, whose＋名词＝名词＋of which ＝of which＋名词。
如：The classroom whose door/the door of which/of which the door is broken is on the second floor.3. 考查as/which引导的非限制性定语从句。
尤其要重视which，as引导的非限制性定语从句和it，what引导的主语从句的区分。
4. 考查定语从句中的主谓一致现象。
如：I, who am your close friend, will try my best to help you whenever you are in trouble.5. 考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用which，不能用that。
关系代词作定语时也可用whose。
如：The teacher in front of whose house stands a tall tree is very patient with his students.6. 考查一些特殊的先行词。
如: 当situation, point, case, activity, scene及period, festival, occasion等出现时, 要注意具体情况具体分析; 作主语、宾语和表语时, 用关系代词that/which; 作状语时, 用关系副词where/when或“介词＋which”, 表示在某种特定的情形下。
2021高三英语新高考语法复习讲义定语从句1、在复合句中，修饰名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫作定语从句。
定语从句可以分为______性定语从句和________性定语从句。
The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。
(定语从句作______定语)2、先行词被定语从句所修饰的词或句子叫先行词，作先行词的可以是：(1)一个词(通常是名词，也可以是代词)This is the place which is worth visiting. He laughs best who laughs last.(2)一个短语Many life's problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve.翻译：_______(3)一个分句The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people have realized how diverse languages could be. 翻译：__________________________________________I found an old man lying on the ground and I took him to hospital in a taxi immediately, which was why I was late that morning.翻译：_____________________3．关系词引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。
关系词有三大作用：代指先行词，引导定语从句，在从句中充当句子成分。
Beijing, which is the capital city of China, is a very beautiful city.(which代指______，在从句中作主语)4．先行词与关系词的关系(1)关系代词who, that, which实际上是先行词的替代词A plane is a machine that can fly.(that＝________)The boy who broke the window is called Tom.(who＝________)(2)关系代词whose实际上是先行词的所有格The boy whose parents were dead was brought up by his grandfather.(whose＝______) (3)关系副词实际上是“介词＋先行词”The school where I study is far from my home. (where＝__________)5．分类(1)限制性定语从句它是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。
这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，书写时不可用____号分开。
如果关系代词在限制性定语从句中作_____，关系代词通常可以省略。
Do you know the girl who just came in?The time when I first met Mr White was a very difficult period of my life.翻译：__________________________________________________________(2)非限制性定语从句它只是对先行词作附加补充说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚完整。
这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切，书写时往往用逗号分开。
非限制性定语从句一般不用that引导。
The old woman, ______ lives on her own, has a cat for company.My house, _______ I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.改错1.On the other hand, I can see the singers' stories, who are so inspiring.2.You'll find taxis waiting at the bus station where you can hire to reach your host family.3.She thanked me several times sincerely, that made me feel extremely proud.4.Secondly, manage our time wisely by setting up a study schedule, that can help us improve our learning efficiency.5.Looking at the spot what he thought the “fly” was again, he was so angry that he slapped it withall his strengthst week, I along with my classmates was asked to attend a lecture, the theme of what was environmental protection.7.On Tuesday morning, the students from both countries are to visit the Forbidden City, about that Mr Zhang will tell some interesting stories8.When I was 12, I met Mary. She came to China with her parents, whom taught English in a university.9.In the square which many senior citizens were dancing, I found several elders buried in feeding birds.10．The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of them left their village homes for a better life in the city.关系代词Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ________ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.2.The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 —when the government started a soiltesting program________ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.3.Many westerners ________ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.4.But Sarah, ________ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.5.I'd skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River ________ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.Ⅱ.单句改错1.In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.________________2.Around me in the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.________________3.The dishes what I cooked were Mom's favorite.________________【基本规则】(一)关系代词的基本用法1.who 用于指___，在定语从句中作___语或____语。
But the person ____tries to do something and fails is a lot better off than the person _____ tries to do nothing and succeeds.(作____语)2.whom 用于指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可用who代替；但是，若从句中的介词提到关系代词前，只能用whom直接跟在介词后作宾语，不可用who代替。
